FINAL . UIC MATH ase Contents Section 1: Divisibilty Section 2: Congruenoes Section 3: Bule-Fermat theorems Section 4: Arithmetical functions ‘Section 5: Quadratic reciprocity and primitive roots ‘Section 6: Bonus material Name: «= + This is @ closed-book, closed-notes exain. No clectronie aks ate allowed ‘+ Rend euch question carefully. Proof questions should! be written vu wl all Ue dtu, ‘You imay use results proven in class, but you should explicitly eit the results being use ‘+ Answer the questions in the spaces provided on the question sheets, Ifyou need extra paper, ‘nnke sure to write your nase ow it and attach it €0 this exam, Do not unstaple or detach ‘pages from this exam. Secon Score 7 | a 6 (bon) Grand ToT]2 DECEMBER 19TH, 215 1. SeevioN 1: DrvisiBusry Exercise 1.1. (10 points) Lat ae € Z be such that (a,8) = 1 and e(a-+4). Show that (a,¢) = 1 and (bye) #1. Hint: A wef integral linear equation for bis b = (—1)a-+ Y(a-t Leb d= (0,6). Ther ala ond dle Sine clatb, we howe Yok alate New, sme ala ant hark, Paw Alb, browse as Web be Cos Alor) 9 on ombirbion a 8 ard) we feat Wak dla 2 ath) ie de nen davisoe af mand b Saw Cab) <1) we being [det smiley, of UT =O), Pre ah wa ale Thaefoe Leb ond Phas ala so af wmmon divgee oe wd bond, aru Cab) st, My mensserra et tt antmnne Lok n= 2ms} for some EH Then Bet Ment, Te pexe or HPL, th eacugh bs show thal meson iy Avvissble by 2 Thre ore bee tones eb me odd hee mt is odd, end Urn oVher weds om odd =D zi min BG) shim 2 | Be mt even tnoller words) mote = 2mm mtn a ten An Tho wrcludy Pre proof betsute Vt aw- OLA) D) mim => B\Un'bm) 2 or!4 DECERMER 1eTH, 215, 2, Secrion 2: ConenveNces Brereioe 2:1. Deseribe all intogor solutions, f any exist, to the fllnwing linens conerences. (0) (§ points) 1072 = 4 mod 1. Fass faa}, caoaa) ea. Se 2 WN, the WER berguina he rrergrunk sik mod 1 oz Mod z-3 med MH Lh ws i Me BBD Y cy Aq 3 WAY = 39 CW Eda) = 3-9 4-C) 32 2dr swese 3 mol et nd AG yeh e5 med 4 2 Wo Tre mol B38 ey all alyer sdb Fe 0? Ym 1 ore ob hery_ te _b2eS wo be [ames bee wre an 10 (6 plots) 602 = 17 mod 100. (80, 100) 220 ond 204 14 Hwa The tangrenu he ae selebny CH) by mabkpliokean by (4)os Exercise 2.2/0 gon) Find the least non-negative solution of the below system of congruences c mod 2, 22 mod 3, 2 =4 mod 5, mod 7 As pe Ghintse cemaunder Vreortm, Ms2to, y= oF Nz 299, My =42, My=30 AoS x, =) mod 2D] POALEL mold melS Bony 2) EL mad S maT | ryt mal? ~ mS | 42 yy TY madd mele « BM nF MEWS Jef yg Jord. 2M 3-4 4 Bo-4.G — mal 210 ElS + WO ESM 4920 a =. BY Edo mot 2to = 204 mod 2I0./\ 4% Seoniow $: BoueR-Pensaxr THEoRENS Exercise 9.1/ (20 piints) State and prove Wilson's theorem (Le. if we examine the expression. (1)! mod p, unde, what uocessary and suificint (if) conditions isthe integer pa prime?) Ths ib bosk werkt . See Skeoger: Thesen 2:10 of") 20 C" consese ")Exercise 3: (pins) Use Fema ile hore to solve 4z = 6 med 38. U/ By FET, Wis an reese of mod 2 ye abigly 42? @) (6 =-2 med 23 Gay oz 23 mot 23 FEA mod 23 Ble mod 2D SNM Sb mod 49 Ux £6 mod 23 > GU EGP mod 23 CO KE 3EEE3 mal Exercise 3.3. (5 points) Use Buler's theorem to solve 10: = 19 mod 21 ged Cte, 20) st, 3s by Euless Hon Jo 20-8 - « f to" an ete lo med 2 mod 2), Jo = 16% nod 2{ (5225 TY med 21 Bee go Wx Std mod 2l G2 Atoy Fe mod AL By x FG's Cay = Ie? -lo = Cs)t fo = atte = V0 = 40 F/T wot aj sii mak} 4 mod 21. DeceNoER iit 2018 \ 4. Section 4: ARITHMETICAL FUNCTIONS xorg 4 A usu et) denote the MBbing ton A) the dv ein, o() the sum of ire function and (a) the Esler tient fneton €@ point.) Comte (72), 92D 2 = 2°) 913) = 27 Qa) 2432 Py] (2 points) Compute dt72) \ A(I2)= AW IAG) > 43 =e (2 points) Compute (72) . . aa (9d = o( 2?) 6 (3) = at (2 points) Compute (72) Td os ask squnce feee (27192, 77192) => alag “P| S= > nse sia paints) Compnte Sz AAA) = als) Bald) = 40 = an aye. t caw (52) = Ga) mubkiplichee , 2 Kt os k we I ba mith, he Fa» BI alo mubliphucbve. Apply who fob be fo at - Le (mind Lb, Wen 2 (mad = alms) palma) 2 abn) ple) alr) yaln) = ails) wo) 60 oo molkipbubve Bagreise 4.3. (5 punts) Evaluate P(7) for p€ P and a € {0,1,2,3,+}. oo aso, FC pe) = Faye pa) = 4 hood, Feeds Brey = mAs AEE mM Ce ral) a on oe +o ya, a a if aml0 DECEMIOER wri, 251s eoriee 4.4 (9 polls) Stto the Miko ive formal iL Find = B44, Vn fin = Z@- “gD Bxercise 4.5. (4 points) Suppose f isa multiplicative arithmetical function. Using the fact that Casa =TTa- 10.0), whore n= ptr, EP and 0; € N, compute Si(n) =D nla}otd). Vee fla) = dla) * = WC+ 09) acd Bp) = g4 m 2w (a- e+e) = T (2- ei) ‘Exercise 4.6. (8 points) Using the same technique as iu Exercise 45, prove that Yee £0)> (a) Sn) = Salo) = "Tp od olp)= et! Sula)« Be nll: Tecra) s TA-G@: 0) ter 2 Tp = Cy” Te ts i5, Seorio &: QUADRATIC RECIPROGEEY AND PRIMITIVE ROOTS Exercise §.1. (2 points) What is Buler's criterion? Lab p be an odd gre and Web 2 with tte thee (3) ah ned 9 Bxercise 9.2, (2 points) Use Euler’s eiterion to find (f). By Eales (6B) = G6) Mesa (6) Exercise 5.8. (2 points) Use Gauss's lemma to find (2), Ge Mt. Bos s B ) poscdee C4)= (§) =) whe a ts the awmber of leash > Ch) < due of 4662, 63.) 6103 Vash we quel aot at cae molto meal) mmdtd westta 6105 mall 3 med 14 )- re 3) 422d mod Fo ( ig u). -epON sh 753 moll2 Decennen tet 218 ‘Bxorcige 8.5. (2 points) What the quadratic reiproity lav? Lek g and be Aukinck prime GAA) aumbes Thin +4 (3) =« = gene ed | Pet mel or get nod Cor bak) Upp ptqe 3s mad ‘Exercise 5.6. (8 points) Let p be an odd prime with p 4 2819. 12) Use Exerebe 56 to prove that 218) (ayer (2 (FF) =e" is }) State and prove a result similar to that in (a) above for the Legendre symbol (#2) where isan odd pine and p #417 a) Sine 2810 3 med H, LAR implies rol a4 zl mad mwa laa i 281% ees med Pel (ten =) me ‘ popst nets Nes we 6 y= aD rrp ped med We wat falows 5 hol 8) Gay GIA et meat, LOR im pin game punber g with pe HF ie) - (si) fx all (2 points) What is he exponen (or res) of an integer a modulo m? The eponeak of Lek a, mE YW ale m9 and C0, m) ek & modelo my dincted by epee, 2 the leak pon hve, fo whieh a® mod m Bxorcice 6.8. (9 points) What fa pimiive rot mado mi? Ley gm EX with m0 and Cy m)el. The 6 is sed Vo be a pumibve cock modelo m iL cpm c= fm)FINAL uc MITE ABS Z wxercise 5.4. (1 10 pojhts) By clearly stating any results that you use, prove that if i a primitive root modi my, th ihe, rt 18 8 got of reduced residues modulo m. Ths is bookwete Sex Peopssihos $3 al Shager Exercise 5.10. (6 points) Let p be a prime number with ps 1 mod 4 and let r be a primitive 00t modulo p. Prove that =r i also a primitive root modulo p Leb us asime, fe a tekadickes, hak - 0 a prmibee rock modula f and Teh Sane a lel, oe hove pel = am Now, if om at oth, we hae Wah a ee ae a anrtrodsebion for ak erpp ban akeger n>). tea, and sma 6 w gumibive rock module p G om eta od hee a} & Sime mod U, we hove thek fl fo even ond Gon Ct? zy med BY 2 sin The desis. desired ceoul E ve cock module nee GallowsDeceagen uri, 015 Bxercise 5.11. (6 points) Let p be a prime number with p= 3 mod 4 and let r be a primitive root modulo p. Prove that expy(r) = “int recall from HW10, that any primitive root m« ‘and P07? m1 mod p. Jala pif guna nonsesive mod 7 Snug 3 met we bee Uk exeg-d =e Wok EE ods thot, by the Bink, Dn eR . a) zoe zl mod g Weae | & Assome , for & waveoctichon, tak a< Sf te thak Thee ews on tet mo) for whieh Thee @OI ce)" = (EN) ~ Lome py ea cankcadichon sie Fe pemilive rock modulo p. The Sesred kk now — follows Exercise 5.1 a ye Wa ees at pine at ee ee eee, natty aiden incongrent aly a) pe pk whee GER and we A 6 ia ees (( Jor fase: a prime ie roots modal6. SeCTION 6: Bonus saToRIAL Exercise 6.1, (bonus - 10 points) Lot n ben composite number. Prove that 1 has a prime divisor pevith pS Vm This is bork work See Peopesilin 49 of Shay ers Exercise 6.2. (bonus 2 points) What is a periet number? a Lek EM the 9 ood te be prfek of (0) s 20 Exercise 6.3. (bonus - 8 polnts) What is a Mersenne number? Andy grime arbor expressible in The fon P prime iv aw Maseane gene (onus - 9 points) State the Euclu-Euler theorem for characterization ot oven per- fect numbers in terms of Mersoane primes (ie. n is perfect number if and only If. eto Lek AEM TNS 9 on tee gerferk avebe if ond wy it at! (2°) whee 204} one me tember