Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
NP 64
RECORD OF AMENDMENTS
The table below is to record Section IV Notice to Mariners amendments affecting this volume.
Sub paragraph numbers in the margin of the body of the book are to assist the user with corrections to this
volume from these amendments.
NP 64
RED SEA
AND
Suez Canal
Gulf of Suez and Gulf of ‘Aqaba
Red Sea
Gulf of Aden
South−east coast of Arabia — Ra‘s Fartak to Ra‘s al Junayz
Coast of Africa — Raas Caseyr to Raas Binna
Suqurá and adjacent islands
FOURTEENTH EDITION
2004
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PREFACE
The Fourteenth Edition of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Pilot has been compiled by M.J.Fagan, Master Mariner, Lieutenant
Commander J E J Marshall, Royal Navy and Lieutenant Commander D M Ives, Royal Navy. The United Kingdom Hydrographic
Office has used all reasonable endeavours to ensure that this Pilot contains all the appropriate information obtained by and
assessed by it at the date shown below. Information received or assessed after that date will be included in Admiralty Notices to
Mariners where appropriate. If in doubt, see The Mariner’s Handbook for details of what Admiralty Notices to Mariners are and
how to use them.
Information on climate and currents has been based on data provided by the Met Office.
The following sources of information, other than UKHO Publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:
Dr D.W.Williams
United Kingdom National Hydrographer
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PREFACE
to the Thirteenth Edition (2002)
The Thirteenth Edition of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Pilot has been prepared by Captain N.B.Bamford RD, Master
Mariner, and contains the latest information received in the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office to the date given below.
This edition supersedes the Twelfth Edition (1980) and Supplement No 5 which are cancelled.
Information on climate and currents has been based on data provided by the Meteorological Office, Bracknell.
The following sources of information, other than UKHO Publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:
Dr D.W.Williams
United Kingdom National Hydrographer
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CONTENTS
Pages
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Preface to the Thirteenth Edition (2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Explanatory notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Index chartlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . facing 1
CHAPTER 1
Natural conditions
Maritime topography (1.229) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Currents, tidal streams and flow (1.236) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Sea level (1.246) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Sea and swell (1.247) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Sea water characteristics (1.250) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Climate and weather (1.252) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Climatic tables (1.275) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Meteorological conversion table and scales (1.295) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
CHAPTER 2
Suez Canal, Port of Suez (Bûr el Suweis) and Suez Bay (Bahr el Qulzum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
CHAPTER 3
Gulf of Suez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
CHAPTER 4
Red Sea — central passage — Strait of Gubal to Straits of Bab El Mandeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
CHAPTER 5
Red Sea — west side — Gifâtîn Islands to Ras Abu Fatma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
CHAPTER 6
Red Sea — west side — Ras Abu Fatma to Ras Qassr including the Inner Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
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CHAPTER 7
Red Sea — west side — Ras Qassr to Ras Raheita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
CHAPTER 8
Red Sea — north part — The south−east coast of the Sinai Peninsula
from Râs Muhammad to Râs Nurâni, and the Gulf of ‘Aqaba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
CHAPTER 9
Red Sea — east side — Ra‘s Qibah to Jeddah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
CHAPTER 10
Red Sea — east side — Jeddah to Oreste Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
CHAPTER 11
Red Sea — east side — Oreste Point to Ra’s Shaykh Sa‘d and the Straits of Bab el Mandeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
CHAPTER 12
Arabia — south coast — Straits of Bab el Mandeb to Ra’s Fartak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
CHAPTER 13
Arabia — south coast — Ra’s Fartak to Ra’s al Junayz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
CHAPTER 14
Gulf of Aden — south side — The coast of Africa from the
Straits of Bab el Mandeb to Raas Caseyr and thence south to Raas Binna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
CHAPTER 15
Islands eastward of Raas Caseyr — ‘Abd Al Kr, The Brothers and Suqurá . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
APPENDICES
DISTANCE TABLE
INDEX
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
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EXPLANATORY NOTES
Admiralty Sailing Directions are intended for use by vessels of 12 m or more in length. They amplify charted detail and contain
information needed for safe navigation which is not available from Admiralty charts, or other hydrographic publications. They are intended
to be read in conjunction with the charts quoted in the text.
This volume of the Sailing Directions will be kept up-to-date by the issue of a new edition at intervals of approximately 3 years, without
the use of supplements. In addition important corrections which cannot await the new edition are published in Section IV of the weekly
editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners. A list of such corrections and notices in force is published in the last weekly edition for each
month. Those still in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.
This volume should not be used without reference to Section IV of the weekly editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.
CD−ROM
Status. A compact disc is provided at the back of this volume. The paper publication of Sailing Directions satisfies the requirements of
Chapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. The CD version does not satisfy these requirements and should only
be used in conjunction with the paper publication and any amendments affecting the paper publication. Where any discrepancy exists
between data on the CD and in the paper publication of Sailing Directions, the paper publication (inclusive of amendments) is to be relied
upon.
Disclaimer. Whilst the UKHO has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the data on the CD was accurate at the time of production, it
has not verified the data for navigational purposes and the CD is not suitable, and is not to be relied upon, for navigation. The use of the CD for
this purpose is at the user’s own risk. The UKHO accepts no liability (except in the case of death or personal injury caused by the negligence
of the UKHO) whether in contract, tort, under any statute or otherwise and whether or not arising out of any negligence on the part of the
UKHO in respect of any inadequacy of any kind whatsoever in the data on the CD or in the means of distribution.
Conditions of Release. The material supplied on the CD−ROM is protected by Crown Copyright. No part of the data may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise
without the prior written permission of the UKHO. The copyright material, its derivatives and its outputs may not be sold or distributed or
commercially exploited in either an original or derived form without the prior written permission of the UKHO. For the avoidance of doubt,
the supplied material, its derivatives and its outputs shall not be placed, or allowed to be placed, on a computer accessible to Third Parties
whether via the Internet or otherwise. The release of the supplied material in no way implies that the UKHO will supply further material.
The Mariner’s Handbook gives general information affecting navigation and is complementary to this volume.
Ocean Passages for the World and Routeing Charts contain ocean routeing information and should be consulted for other than coastal
passages.
Admiralty List of Lights should be consulted for details of lights, lanbys and fog signals, as these are not fully described in this volume.
Admiralty List of Radio Signals should be consulted for information relating to coast and port radio stations, radio details of pilotage
services, radiobeacons and direction finding stations, meteorological services, radio navigational aids, Global Maritime Distress and Safety
System (GMDSS) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) stations, as these are only briefly referred to in this volume.
Admiralty Maritime Communications is a comprehensive guide on all aspects of maritime communications for the yachtsman and small
craft user. It provides general information on Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), the management of VHF, Maritime
Safety Information, NAVTEX, Inmarsat and Radio Facsimile, and detailed information and procedures for marinas and harbours used by
small craft.
Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners contains in addition to the temporary and preliminary notices, and amendments and
notices affecting Sailing Directions, a number of notices giving information of a permanent nature covering radio messages and navigational
warnings, distress and rescue at sea and exercise areas.
The International Code of Signals should be consulted for details of distress and life-saving signals, international ice-breaker signals as
well as international flag signals.
Buoys are generally described in detail only when they have special navigational significance, or where the scale of the chart is too small
to show all the details clearly.
Chart index diagrams in this volume show only those Admiralty charts of a suitable scale to give good coverage of the area. Mariners
should consult NP 131 Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and Publications for details of larger scale charts.
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EXPLANATORY NOTES
Chart references in the text normally refer to the largest scale Admiralty chart but occasionally a smaller scale chart may be quoted where
its use is more appropriate.
Firing, practice and exercise areas. Except for submarine exercise areas, details of firing, practice and exercise areas are not mentioned
in Sailing Directions, but signals and buoys used in connection with these areas are sometimes mentioned if significant for navigation.
Attention is invited to the Annual Notice to Mariners on this subject.
Names have been taken from the most authoritative source. When an obsolete name still appears on the chart, it is given in brackets
following the proper name at the principal description of the feature in the text and where the name is first mentioned.
Tidal information relating the daily vertical movements of the water is not given; for this Admiralty Tide Tables should be consulted.
Changes in water level of an abnormal nature are mentioned.
Time difference used in the text when applied to the time of High Water found from the Admiralty Tide Tables, gives the time of the event
being described in the Standard Time kept in the area of that event. Due allowance must be made for any seasonal daylight saving time which
may be kept.
Wreck information is included where drying or below-water wrecks are relatively permanent features having significance for
navigation or anchoring.
Latitude and Longitude given in brackets are approximate and are taken from the chart quoted.
Bearings and directions are referred to the true compass and when given in degrees are reckoned clockwise from 000° (North) to 359°.
Bearings used for positioning are given from the reference object.
Bearings of objects, alignments and light sectors are given as seen from the vessel.
Courses always refer to the course to be made good over the ground.
Tidal streams and currents are described by the direction towards which they flow.
Distances are expressed in sea miles of 60 to a degree of latitude and sub-divided into cables of one tenth of a sea mile.
Depths are given below chart datum, except where otherwise stated.
Heights of objects refer to the height of the structure above the ground and are invariably expressed as “... m in height”.
Elevations, as distinct from heights, are given above Mean High Water Springs or Mean Higher High Water whichever is quoted in
Admiralty Tide Tables, and expressed as, “an elevation of ... m”. However the elevation of natural features such as hills may alternatively be
expressed as “... m high” since in this case there can be no confusion between elevation and height.
Metric units are used for all measurements of depths, heights and short distances, but where feet/fathoms charts are referred to, these
latter units are given in brackets after the metric values for depths and heights shown on the chart.
Time is expressed in the four-figure notation beginning at midnight and is given in local time unless otherwise stated. Details of local time
kept will be found in Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2.
Stripes is the word used to indicate markings which are vertical, unless stated to be diagonal.
Conspicuous objects are natural and artificial marks which are outstanding, easily identifiable and clearly visible to the mariner over a
large area of sea in varying conditions of light. If the scale is large enough they will normally be shown on the chart in bold capitals and may be
marked “conspic”.
Prominent objects are those which are easily identifiable, but do not justify being classified as conspicuous.
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ABBREVIATIONS
The following abbreviations are used in the text.
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ABBREVIATIONS
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GLOSSARY OF WORDS WHICH MAY BE FOUND ON THE CHARTS AND IN THIS VOLUME
Key to languages: 1 − Egyptian Arabic, 2 − Sudanese Arabic, 3 − Hijaz Arabic, 4 − Yemeni Arabic, 5 − Somali Arabic, 6 − Hebrew, 7 − Somali
Note. In many cases, words as spoken are common to several languages, but as written contain minor differences (eg Ras, Ra‘s and Râs). Such words
appear in the glossary in one form only, eg Ras. This glossary should not, therefore, be taken as authority for the precise form in which a word is written in
any particular language.
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GLOSSARY
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GLOSSARY
xiii
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GLOSSARY
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GLOSSARY
Xoor 7 bay
Yaar 6 forest
yam 6 sea
yameen al markib 3 starboard
yamin 1,2,4 starboard
yasar al karkib 3 port (side of vessel)
yemin el merkeb 5 starboard
yeser el merkeb 5 port (side of vessel)
yisr 2 port (side of vessel)
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32° 32° 33° 34° 35° 36° 37° 38° 39° 40° 41° 42° 43° 44° 32°
NP 49 MEDITERRANEAN PILOT VOL V
2578
a’îd
Bûr S
31° 31°
ISRA
2573
EL
30° 30°
Bûr el Suweis
5501
Mariners'
Routeing Guide Eilat El ’Aqaba
G. o
29° 29°
8 8
f
a
Su
f Aqab ah
ez
asb
lQ
3 sa
G. o
Râs Ghârib
Râ
28° 28°
St Ash Sharmah
St r.
r. of
of Tir
Gû an
ba
Hurghada l
27° 27°
26° El Quseir
¸ 26°
5 4 9
25° S A U D I 25°
Abu el Kizân
E G Y P T A R A B I A
24° 24°
Berenice
9
23°
4 159 23°
Ras Abu
Fatma
22° 22°
Jeddah
R
21° 21°
ED
S U D A N
SE
6
A
19° 19°
ra
sº
nB
an
k
18° 18°
r
sº
Qas 4
Ras
10
158
17° 17°
7 Farasan Is.
Oreste Point
16° 16°
143
E R I T R E A Loheiya
Jabal
at Tºir
15° 15°
11
6
14° 7 YEMEN
14°
Hanish
Is.
Continued on
E T H I O P I A Index Chart
13° NP 64(b) 13°
Ra
s Raheita
May
yøn
32° 33° 34° 35° 36° 37° 38° Longitude 40° East from Greenwich 43° 44°
0205
41° 42° 43° 44° 45° 46° 47° 48° 49° 50° 51° 52° 53° 54° 55° 56° 57° 58° 59° 60° 61°
23° 23°
NP 63 PERSIAN GULF
PILOT
Ra’s al Hadd
Ra’s al Junaiz
22° 22°
38
13
21° 21°
3785
Al Ma=Ørah
20° 157 S A U D I A R A B I A 2851 20°
13
19° O M A N 19°
18° 18°
13
3784
Continued on
Index Chart Juzur Al –alºniyºt Islands
Oreste Pt.
16° 13 16°
143
Ra’s Fartak
Jabal
at Tºir
15° 4 15°
6
12
7 2970
14°
11 YEMEN Ras al
Kalb 14°
–anØsh
Is.
ERITREA
12
13° A R A B I A N 13°
Aden
S E A
12°
Str
aits
of B
12 OF
ADE
N
14
Suqutrá
¸
12°
ab-e GULF
DJIBOUTI l -Ma
ndeb
ey
r 15
as
Djibouti a sC
Ra Raas Binna
11° 11°
14 14
NP 3
ETHIOP IA S O M A L I A Raas Xaafuun AFRICA PILOT VOL III
10° 10°
41° 42° 43° 44° 45° 46° 47° 48° Longitude 50° East from Greenwich 53° 54° 55° 56° 57° 58° 59° 60° 61°
0205
While, in the interests of the safety of shipping, the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office makes every endeavour to include in its
hydrographic publications details of the laws and regulations of all countries appertaining to navigation, it must be clearly understood:-
(a) that no liability whatever will be accepted for failure to publish details of any particular law or regulation, and
(b) that publication of details of a law or regulation is solely for the safety and convenience of shipping and implies no recognition
of the international validity of the law or regulation.
RED SEA
AND
GULF OF ADEN PILOT
CHAPTER 1
NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS
COUNTRIES AND PORTS
NATURAL CONDITIONS
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CHAPTER 1
The Red Sea Area. The Red Sea (4.2) including the only do so when no through S-bound traffic is in
Gulfs of Suez and ’Aqaba bounded on the S by the vicinity and should always report their
the rhumb line between Ras Siyyân (12°29′N, movements to other ships beforehand on VHF.
43°20′E) (4.83) and in Murd (12°40′N, 8 Ships anchored in the designated waiting area for Ras
43°31′E). Shukheir should ensure that they are never less
2 The Gulf of Aden Area. The sea area bounded on the than 0⋅25 miles from the edge of the S-bound
W by the rhumb line between Ras Siyyân and Traffic Lane and should pay special regard to their
in Murd, and on the E by the rhumb line correct signal lights for ships at anchor. They
between Raas Caseyr (11°50′N, 51°17′E) (14.160) should also show their deck lights.
and Ra’s Fartak (15°38′N, 52°14′E) (12.152).
Israeli regulations
Egyptian regulations Ballast water
1.46
Port entry regulations 1 In order to prevent the import of non-native aquatic
1.44 organisms into the waters of the ports of Israel from ships
1 Vessels bound for Egyptian ports in the Red Sea (4.2) ballast water discharges, all ships destined for Israeli ports
are requested to report to the Egyptian authorities, through must exchange any ballast water that has not been taken on
their agents, the estimated time of crossing the parallel of board in open ocean.
23°N, at least 48 hours before doing so; and to confirm 2 The best method of protecting harbour waters from
their ETA 24 hours before arrival. foreign organisms that may exist in ballast water collected
in foreign harbours and near shore areas is for the ballast
Navigation regulations water to be exchanged in open ocean, beyond any
1.45 continental shelf or fresh water current effect.
1 The following rules for ships navigating in the Gulf of 3 Special attention to this subject is to be given by vessels
Suez have been approved by IMO: calling at the Port of Eilat in which case the ballast water
Ships should take into account that crossing traffic exchange must be carried out outside the Red Sea, i.e. in
may be encountered in the traffic junction E of the Indian Ocean or in the Atlantic Ocean when
Ain Sukna and in the precautionary area off Ras practicable.
Shukheir, and should be in a high state of Vessels failing to comply with the above procedure will
readiness to manoeuvre in these areas. not be permitted to pump out their ballast water during
2 Exceptional care is needed when overtaking another their stay in port, or whilst navigating along the coast of
ship within a lane, not to enter the separation zone Israel.
or force the overtaken ship to do so. 4 A record of the location, date and time of the ballast
Ships navigating in the Gulf of Suez are requested to water exchange should be entered in the ships log book, or
keep continuous listening watch on the Suez Gulf in other suitable documentation, such as an official ballast
Traffic Information Broadcasts and report any aids water record book.
to navigation which are malfunctioning or are out Masters of vessels will be requested to provide ships
of position and which are not included in the Suez inspectors (pilots) with a completed ballast water exchange
Gulf Traffic Information Broadcasts. report.
3 All ocean-going ships should have their radars in
effective use by day and night throughout the Saudi Arabian regulations
passage between Shaker Island and Suez Port as
an aid to achieving maximum feasible lane Oil pollution
conformity and avoiding risk of collision. 1.47
Particular care is required for strict adherence to 1 By Saudi Arabian Royal Decree the penalty for
the confines of the relevant traffic lanes. discharging oil or oil mixtures within 100 miles of the
4 Ships proceeding S from Suez should be alert for coasts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one years
tankers heading for the Sumed Oil Terminal off imprisonment, or a fine of 20 000 Saudi Riyals, or both.
Ain Sukhna.
N-bound tankers heading for Sumed Oil Terminal Port entry regulations
should report their intention of using the traffic 1.48
junction off Ain Sukhna on the appropriate 1 ETA. Vessels bound for Saudi Arabian ports should
frequencies. signal their ETA five days, two days and 24 hours before
5 All ships N or S-bound, when navigating through the arrival.
precautionary area off Ras Sukheir or in the 1.49
vicinity of the July Oilfield should avoid 1 National flag. Saudi Arabian regulations require all
overtaking in the traffic lanes in these areas. vessels to fly the Saudi Arabian flag from the vessels
6 All ships including service and supply craft serving foremast, by day and night, while in Saudi Arabian waters.
the oil workings in July, Ramadan and Morgan This flag is properly displayed when the Arabic writing
Oilfields proceeding in and out off Ras Sukheir Oil appears at the top of the flag and the sword at the bottom.
Terminal, should only cross the S and N-bound The hilt of the sword lies beneath the beginning of the
traffic flow through the precautionary area off Ras Arabic writing.
Sukheir. Within the precautionary area local rules 2 This regulation is strictly enforced by the Saudi Arabian
relating to crossing traffic apply. coastguard and failure to comply will be punished by a fine
7 Tankers leaving the Ras Sukheir Oil Terminal and of 6000 Saudi Riyals and four days imprisonment for the
intending to join the N-bound traffic lane should master concerned.
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Rescue services
1.70
1 Egypt. The Middle East Search and Rescue Centre,
JRCC Cairo, is responsible for co-ordinating search and
rescue operations. A network of Coast Radio Stations
maintains a continuous listening watch on international
distress frequencies.
1.71
1 Sudan. The Ministry of Transport is responsible for
co-ordinating maritime search and rescue operations. Port
Sudan Coast Radio Station maintains a continuous listening
watch for distress calls on 2182 kHz and VHF.
1.72
1 Eritrea. Port Harbour Master offices are responsible for
co-ordinating maritime search and rescue operations.
1.73
1 Israel. Eilat Coast Radio Station maintains a continuous
listening watch for distress calls on VHF.
1.74
1 Jordan. The El ‘Aqaba Harbour Master is responsible
for co-ordinating maritime search and rescue operations. El
Egypt storm signals (1.66) ‘Aqaba Coast Radio Station maintains a continuous
listening watch on international distress frequencies.
1.67 1.75
1 Israel. The International System of Visual Storm 1 Saudi Arabia. A network of Coast Radio Stations
Warning Signals is used in Israel. maintains a continuous listening watch on international
1.68 distress frequencies.
1 République de Djibouti. The International System of 1.76
Visual Storm Warning Signals is used at Djibouti. 1 Yemen. Aden Coast Radio Station maintains a
continuous listening watch on international distress
DISTRESS AND RESCUE frequencies.
1.77
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 1 Oman. The Royal Air Force of Oman is responsible for
1.69 co-ordinating maritime search and rescue operations.
1 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) 1.78
is described, and general information on distress and rescue 1 Djibouti. Djibouti Coast Radio Station maintains a
is given, in Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 5, The continuous listening watch for distress calls on VHF.
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CHAPTER 1
EGYPT Government
1.84
1 The Egyptian Constitution, which was approved by
General description referendum on 11th September 1970, defines Egypt as an
1.79 Arab Republic with a democratic socialist system, and the
1 The Arab Republic of Egypt lies in the SE corner of the Egyptian people as part of the Arab nation.
Mediterranean Sea on the W side of the Gulf of Suez (3.1), 2 The President is nominated by the Peoples Assembly
and in the N part of the Red Sea (4.2) and on the W side and confirmed by plebiscite for a 6 year term.
of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba (8.48). The Egyptian legislature consists of two chambers, the
Cairo (Al Qâhira) is the capital city of Egypt. The city, Consultative Assembly and the Peoples Assembly which is
which has a population of 7 200 000 (1998), stands on the elected for a five year term by direct secret ballot, on the
Nile about 14 miles from the head of its delta. basis of proportional representation.
Climate. Dry, hot summers; moderate winters.
Population
1.85
National limits 1 In 2001 the population of Egypt was reported to be
1.80 69 080 000.
1 Egypt extends W from the Red Sea (4.2) into the
Libyan Desert, and S from the Mediterranean Sea to the Language
parallel 22°N and the border with the Republic of Sudan. It 1.86
also comprises the Sinai Peninsula and the territory E of 1 The official language is Arabic although English, and, to
the Suez Canal and the Gulf of Suez extending to the S a lesser extent, French, are spoken.
border of Israel. Rest day
2 Gubal Island (27°39′N, 33°48′E) (3.42), Shaker Island 1.87
(27°30′N, 34°00′E) (3.42), the Gifâtîn Islands (27°14′N, 1 Friday is the weekly day of rest.
33°55′E) (3.390) and Gezîret Zabargad (23°37′N, 36°12′E)
(4.14) are also Egyptian territory. Physical features
1.81 1.88
1 Area. The total area of Egypt is 1 001 449 square 1 Except in the valley of the Nile, which is Egypt’s only
kilometres, but the settled and cultivated areas, which are river, the country is chiefly desert.
formed by the Nile valley, its delta, and oases, cover only Several ranges of mountains intersect the desert between
about 35 500 square kilometres. the Nile and the Red Sea (4.2), the higher being those
1.82 nearest the coast, which attain elevations of nearly 2200 m.
1 Territorial sea. Egypt claims a 12 mile territorial sea. 2 The land which lies between the mountains and the
Contiguous zone. Egypt claims a 24 mile contiguous coast is low, where the mountains do not approach closely
zone adjacent to the Egyptian territorial seas. Within this to the coast.
zone the Egyptian authorities exercise control to prevent the The geological formations are of limestone, sandstone
infringement of customs, immigration, sanitary and fiscal and granite; the latter breaks through and overspreads both
regulations. of the former; the granite region is in the SE part of the
2 Exclusive economic zone. Egypt claims a 200 mile country.
exclusive economic zone. 1.89
For further information, see the Annual Summary of 1 River Nile. The River Nile, the longest river in the
Admiralty Notices to Mariners and the Mariners Handbook. world, is estimated to be 4160 miles in length from its
source in Luvironza, Burundi, to its outflow into the E end
of the Mediterranean Sea.
History In the 960 miles of its course through Egypt the Nile
1.83 does not receive a single tributary.
1 The unification of the kingdoms of Lower and Upper 2 Its nearest approach to the Red Sea is at Qena (26°10′N,
Egypt under the Pharaohs in about 3100 BC marked the 32°40′E) (3.388) where it only about 80 miles distant and
establishment of the Egyptian state, with its capital at from where it is connected with Safâga (26°44′N, 33°56′E)
Memphis. (5.70) by road.
Egypt was ruled for nearly 2800 years by a succession The river has a regular yearly rise and fall, attaining its
of 31 Pharaonic dynasties who undertook the building of maximum level in about mid-September, and its minimum
the pyramids at Gizeh. level at about the end of May.
2 This was followed by a period of Hellenic rule which 3 The Aswân High Dam (24°05′N, 32°52′E), with Lake
began in 332 BC, then a period of rule by Rome (30 BC to Nasser above it, now controls the flow of water
324 AD), which was then followed by rule under the downstream of the dam throughout the year.
Byzantine Empire. A few miles below Cairo the river divides into two main
In 640 AD Egypt was subjugated by Arab Muslim streams which enter the Mediterranean Sea by either the
invaders; in 1517 the country was incorporated in the Rosetta or Damietta Mouths. The area enclosed between
Ottoman Empire under which it remained until the early these two branches is the present delta of the River Nile
19th century. and is described in Mediterranean Pilot, Volume V.
3 A British Protectorate over Egypt lasted from 1914 to 1.90
1922 when Sultan Ahmed Fuad was proclaimed King of 1 Sinai Peninsula. The Sinai Peninsula is a desert of rock,
Egypt. In 1953 the monarchy was deposed and Egypt gravel and boulders, with rugged granite peaks, ridges, arid
became a republic. valleys, and tablelands.
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CHAPTER 1
Rest day
REPUBLIC OF SUDAN 1.102
1 Friday is the weekly day of rest.
General description
Physical features
1.94
1.103
1 The Republic of Sudan lies on the W side of the Red
1 Generally speaking, Sudan may be divided into two
Sea (4.2) between Egypt (1.79) and Eritrea (1.108).
zones. The region N of the parallel of 16°N is practically a
Khartoum is the capital; in 1999 the city was reported to
continuation of the Sahara Desert; the S region is fertile,
have a population of 2 628 000, a figure which also
abundantly watered and densely wooded, in places.
includes the adjoining towns of North Khartoum and
The most elevated district of the Sudan is a mountainous
Omdurman.
range about 20 miles from the coast, W of which the land
slopes gradually towards the Nile Valley.
National limits 2 The greater part of the desert between the Red Sea (4.2)
1.95 and the Nile Valley is known as the Nubian Desert which
1 Sudan extends S from the parallel 22°N, which forms is a rugged, barren waste, scored with ravines and where
the majority of its border with Egypt (1.79), to Uganda and there is only scanty vegetation.
Kenya in the S where it also adjoins the W border of 1.104
Ethiopia and, farther N, the W side of Eritrea (1.108). On 1 Nile. The White Nile flows from Lake Victoria through
its W border, from S to N, the republic borders the Uganda and enters the Sudan at the frontier post of Nimule
Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African (3°30′N, 32°02′E) as the Bahr el Jebel; it leaves the Sudan
Republic, Chad and Libya. as Wâdi Halfa on the country’s N frontier.
1.96 The Blue Nile flows from Lake Tana on the Ethiopian
1 Area. The total area of the Republic of Sudan is Plateau, its course through Sudan being nearly 500 miles in
2 505 815 square kilometres; the greatest length of the length before it joins the White Nile at Khartoum.
country from N to S is about 2100 km, and from E to W The River Atbara which also rises in the Ethiopian
about 1500 km. highlands joins the main Nile 190 miles N of Khartoum.
1.97
1 Territorial sea. Sudan claims a 12 mile territorial sea. Industry and trade
Contiguous zone. Sudan claims an 18 mile contiguous 1.105
zone adjacent to the Sudanese territorial seas. Within this 1 The main economic potential of the Sudan lies in
zone the Sudanese authorities exercise control to prevent agriculture; the area under cultivation is about a quarter of
the infringement of customs, immigration, sanitary and the land considered suitable for the development of arable
fiscal regulations. farming.
2 For further information see the Annual Summary of About 80% of the population depends on agriculture;
Admiralty Notices to Mariners and the Mariners Handbook. land is ultimately owned by the government.
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CHAPTER 1
2 The principal grain crops are dura (great millet) which 1.114
forms the staple food of the people, and dukhn (bullrush 1 In 1998 fighting flared up on the border with Ethiopia
millet). with both sides accusing the other of sending troops into
The forests which border the Blue Nile to the frontier of each others territory.
Ethiopia are rich in fibres and tanning materials; those A proposal to end the fighting, which envisaged a return
which border the White Nile also contain many valuable to the original borders, was brokered by the Organization
trees. of African Unity in 1999 and was provisionally accepted
1.106 by both sides; Ethiopia later rejected some of the
1 Exports. The principle exports are sesame, cotton, oil provisions.
seeds, sorghum, gold, sugar and livestock; the Sudan is the 2 Fighting resumed in February 2000, which was followed
chief source of the worlds supply of gum arabic which is by the signing of an interim peace plan in June of that
obtained from the forests growing in Kordofan, Gezira and year.
Kassala. A UN peace-keeping force moved into a buffer zone
1.107 between the warring sides in April 2001; in May of that
1 Imports. The principal imports are petroleum products, year both countries agreed to set up regional military
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, commissions to solve local security issues.
medicines and chemicals.
Government
1.115
ERITREA 1 The transitional government has a four year term and
consists of the President with a 130-member National
General description Assembly which elects the President, who, in turn, appoints
1.108 the State Council made up of 14 ministers and the
1 Eritrea is situated in the SW part of the Red Sea (4.2) governors of the 10 provinces.
between the Sudan (1.94) and Djibouti (1.180).
Asmara is the capital city of Eritrea; in 2001 there was
an estimated population of 435 000. Population
Climate. Temperate in the highlands, hot in the 1.116
lowlands. 1 In 2001 the population of Eritrea was reported to be
4 298 269.
National limits
1.109
Language
1 Eritrea’s land borders are bounded on their NW side by
1.117
the Republic of Sudan (1.94), on their S and SW sides by
1 Arabic and Tigrinya are both official languages in
Ethiopia and on their SE sides by Djibouti (1.180).
Eritrea.
1.110
About 48% of the population speak Tigrinya and 31%
1 Area. The total area of Eritrea is 93 679 square
Tigré; seven other indigenous languages are spoken. Arabic
kilometres.
is spoken on the coast and along the Sudanese border.
1.111
English is used in secondary education.
1 Territorial sea. Eritrea claims a 12 mile territorial sea.
For further information see the Annual Summary of
Admiralty Notices to Mariners and the Mariners Handbook. Physical features
1.118
History 1 Eritrea is comprised of a long, narrow, low-lying coastal
1.112 strip which rises steeply to central and northern highlands
1 Eritrea was colonised by Italy in the late 19th century some 2000 m to 3000 m high; these highlands are an
and it was from here that Italian forces launched their extension of the Ethiopian highlands.
invasion of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in 1936.
2 After the defeat of the Italian forces in 1941, Eritrea
became a British protectorate, and, in 1952, in accordance Industry and trade
with the wishes of the UN, Eritrea was federated with 1.119
Ethiopia though retaining a high degree of political 1 The Eritrean economy was devastated by the war of
autonomy. This autonomy was gradually eroded such that, independence and since 1991 the government has directed
in 1962, Eritrea was incorporated as a province of Ethiopia. its efforts into rebuilding the country’s industry, agriculture
3 The incorporation was resisted by all sections of the and infrastructure.
Eritrean population and an armed campaign for The majority of the Eritrean population live off
independence resulted, which gathered momentum through subsistence farming and livestock. Traditional agricultural
the 1970s and 1980s. and industrial sectors include the production of sorghum,
1.113 livestock, salt, cement, fish, hides and potash; some textiles
1 A referendum was held in April 1993 in which over and footwear are also produced.
99% of the electorate voted for Eritrean independence. 1.120
Independence was then declared on the 24th May 1993 and 1 Exports. The principal exports are drinks, leather
on the 28th May 1993 Eritrea was admitted to UN products, textiles and oil products.
membership. 1.121
After independence the provisional government became 1 Imports. The principal imports are machinery, transport
the transitional government. equipment, basic manufactures, food and live animals.
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CHAPTER 1
ISRAEL Language
1.129
General description
1 The official languages of Israel are Hebrew and Arabic.
1.122
1 The State of Israel is situated at the E end of the Physical features
Mediterranean Sea with its S boundary at the head of the 1.130
Gulf of ‘Aqaba (8.48). 1 Israel consists of a coastal plain backed by ranges of
2 Most of the departments of the government are in mountains which, on their E side, descend to the rift valley
Jerusalem. In 1950 a resolution proclaiming Jerusalem the of the River Jordan and the Dead Sea.
capital of Israel was adopted by the Israeli Knesset, but the Industry and trade
city is not recognised as the capital by the UN because
1.131
East Jerusalem is part of the Occupied Territories captured
1 Eilat (29°33′N, 34°57′E) (8.81) is the only Israeli port
in 1967. The UN and international law continues to reject
within the coverage of this volume and is one of the
the Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem and considers the
country’s three major ports.
pre-1950 capital Tel Aviv to be the Israeli capital.
Israel is generally fertile but water supply for irrigation
National limits restricts production; agriculture accounts for about 2% of
1.123 gross domestic product.
1 Israel is bounded on the N by Lebanon, on the NE by 2 In addition to mixed farming, olives, tobacco, cotton,
Syria, on the E by Jordan (1.134) and the West Bank, and bananas, vines and citrus fruits are grown. Many parts of
on the SW by the Gaza Strip and the Egyptian province of the hill country are under afforestation.
Sinai. A wide range of products is manufactured, processed or
1.124 finished, including chemicals, metal products, textiles, tyres,
1 Area. The area of Israel, including the Golan Heights diamonds, paper, plastics, leather goods, glass and
(1150 square km) and East Jerusalem (70 square km), is ceramics, building materials, precision instruments, tobacco,
21 946 square km. foodstuffs and electrical goods.
1.125 3 Potash, bromine and other salt deposits, as well as
1 Territorial sea. Israel claims a 12 mile territorial sea. natural gas, are exploited in the Dead Sea area; the only
For further information see the Annual Summary of significant hydrocarbon is oil shale.
Admiralty Notices to Mariners and the Mariners Handbook. 1.132
1 Exports. The principal exports are semi-manufactures,
History machinery, polished and uncut diamonds, chemicals,
1.126 chemical products, foodstuffs, textiles.
1 Palestine, the name given by the Romans to the area 1.133
now known as Israel, has a long history of occupation by 1 Imports. The principal imports are machinery, transport
foreign powers. Egyptians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, equipment, semi-manufactures, uncut diamonds, chemicals
Romans, Arabs, Crusaders and Turks have all, through the and chemical products, crude oil and foodstuffs.
centuries, conquered the country and who were, in their
turn, defeated by their successors. JORDAN
2 In 1922 the country came under a British mandate. General description
On the 14th May 1948 the British Government 1.134
terminated its mandate and the Jewish leaders proclaimed 1 The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan lies at the E side of
the State of Israel which came into being with a declaration the head of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba (8.48).
of independence. No independent Arab state was ‘Amman (31°57′N, 35°56′E) is the capital city; in 1997
established in Palestine, and the Arab States, not the city had an estimated population of 1 751 680.
recognizing this declaration, invaded the country and the
Israeli War of Independence ensued. National limits
3 A cease-fire in January 1949 left Israel with one-third 1.135
more territory than had been originally assigned by the 1 Jordan is bound on the N by Syria, on the E by Iraq, on
United Nations. Following the armistice negotiations in the the S by Saudi Arabia (1.144) and on the W by Israel
first half of 1949, boundary lines were established, but they (1.122).
were not acknowledged by the Arab States. 1.136
Further fighting, the Six Day War, broke out in 1967; 1 Area. Jordan has an area of 91 860 square km.
and again in 1973. Territorial sea. Jordan claims a 3 mile territorial sea.
For further information see the Annual Summary of
Government Admiralty Notices to Mariners and the Mariners Handbook.
1.127
1 Israel is an independent sovereign republic established History
by proclamation on the 14th May 1948. 1.137
The state is governed by a Prime Minister and the 1 During the First World War (1914−18) the Arabs of
Knesset, a one-chamber parliament of 120 members elected Transjordan and Palestine rebelled against Turkey which
for a four year term by universal suffrage. The Head of exercised a limited authority over the area. Britain
State is the President, who is elected by a simple majority supported the rebellion and in 1920 was given a League of
of the Knesset. Nations mandate for Transjordan and Palestine.
2 In 1921 the Amir Abdullah Ibn Hussein, the brother of
Population King Feisal of Iraq, became the ruler of Transjordan which
1.128 was officially separated from Palestine in 1923.
1 In 2001, the population of Israel was estimated to be By a treaty signed in London in 1946 Britain recognised
6 172 000. Transjordan as a sovereign independent state. Amir
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CHAPTER 1
Abdullah Ibn Hussein assumed the title of King, and, when 2 Territorial sea. Saudi Arabia claims a 12 mile territorial
the treaty was ratified later the same year, the name of the sea.
territory was changed to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Contiguous zone. Saudi Arabia claims an 18 mile
contiguous zone adjacent to the Saudi Arabian territorial
Government seas. Within this zone the Saudi authorities exercise control
1.138 to prevent the infringement of customs, immigration,
1 The present constitution of the Hashemite Kingdom of sanitary and fiscal regulations.
Jordan came into force in 1952. It provides for a Senate of For further information see the Annual Summary of
40 members, all appointed by the King, and an elected Admiralty Notices to Mariners and the Mariners Handbook.
Chamber of Deputies of 60 members elected by universal
suffrage. History
In 1978 a National Consultative Council of 60 members 1.146
was established, all of which were appointed by the King. 1 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a personal union of
two countries, the Sultan of Najd being also the King of
Population the Hijz.
1.139 2 The Kingdom had its origins in about the year 1740
1 In 2001 the population of Jordan was estimated at when the Emir of Dariya, Muhammad al Saud, extended
5 051 000. his patronage and support to Shaikh Muhammad ibn Abdul
Wahhab, a religious reformer. By 1806 the Saudi State had
Language expanded enormously reaching nearly to Damascus in the
1.140 N and including the holy cities of Makkah (Mecca) and Al
1 The official language of Jordan is Arabic; English is Madnah.
widely spoken. 3 An Ottoman-Egyptian-Albanian army was raised to
eliminate the Saudi threat and by 1818 had captured the
Physical features capital Dariya, thereafter withdrawing, leaving a trail of
1.141 ruined towns and villages. After a second punitive
1 The W part of the country in the vicinity of the River expedition in 1836 the Saud family resumed the building of
Jordan valley is fertile; most of the rest of the country to the Saudi State, with great determination.
the E is arid steppe. 4 Early in the First World War (1914−1918) Abdul Aziz
Industry and trade ibn Saud, the ruling member of the Saud family, entered
1.142 into treaty relations with Britain; by the 1926 Treaty of
1 The main agricultural areas are the Jordan valley, the Jeddah he was recognised as the King of Hijz and of Najd
hills overlooking the valley and the flatter country to the S and its Dependencies. In 1932 the Kingdom of Saudi
of ‘Amman and around Madaba and Irbid. Several large Arabia was proclaimed.
farms, which depend for irrigation on water pumped from Government
deep aquifers, have been established in the S desert area. 1.147
2 The principal crops are wheat, barley, vegetables, olives 1 Saudi Arabia is a hereditary monarchy ruled by the sons
and fruit; agricultural production has increased considerably and grandsons of Abdul Aziz ibn Saud, in accordance with
in recent years due to improvements in production and the Islamic Shari’ah law. The line of succession passes
irrigation techniques. from brother to brother according to age, although several
The most important industrial products are raw sons of ibn Saud renounced their right to the throne. All
phosphates and potash, most of which is exported, together sons and grandsons of ibn Saud must be consulted before a
with fertilisers and pharmaceuticals. new king accedes to the throne.
1.143 2 In 1958 a Cabinet system was instituted under which,
1 Exports. The principal exports are phosphate, potash, from 1962, effective power devolved upon the President of
fertilizers, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, fruit and vegetables, the Council of Ministers. The King has the post of Prime
textiles, cement, plastics, detergent and soap. Minister.
In 1993 the country was reorganised into 13 provinces
each with a governor appointed by the King and a council
SAUDI ARABIA
of prominent local citizens to advise the governor on local
General description government, budgetary and planning issues.
1.144 Population
1 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia occupies the central part
1.148
of the Arabian Peninsula between the Red Sea (4.2) and
1 In 2001 the estimated population of Saudi Arabia was
the Persian Gulf.
21 028 000.
Riyadh is the political capital, with, in 2001, an
estimated population of 4 761 000; Mecca (9.1) is the Language
religious capital with an estimated population of 770 000. 1.149
1 The official language is Arabic; English is widely
National limits spoken.
1.145
1 Saudi Arabia is bounded on the N by Jordan (1.134), Physical features
Iraq and Kuwait, on the E by Qatar, the United Arab 1.150
Emirates and Oman (1.168), and on the S by the Yemen 1 There is a coastal belt consisting of steppe with
(1.154). occasional oases; inland the great majority of the country is
Area. Saudi Arabia has an area of 2 149 690 square either desert or semi-desert which has some growth of
kilometres. bushes.
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CHAPTER 1
Language
1.161
YEMEN 1 The official language is Arabic; English is widely
understood.
General description
1.154 Physical features
1 The Republic of Yemen is situated in the extreme SW of 1.162
the Arabian peninsula, in the SE corner of the Red Sea and 1 The country comprises a mountainous interior with a flat
the N side of the Gulf of Aden. and sandy coastal plain.
There are 112 offshore islands which also form part of The highlands and central plateau, and the highest
the Republic of Yemen; these islands include Mayyn portions of the maritime range in the S, form the most
(12°39′N, 43°25′E) (4.96), Kamarn (15°21′N, 42°35′E) fertile part of Arabia with abundant but irregular rainfall.
(11.12) and Suqurá (12°30′N, 53°55′E) (15.37). The N of the country is largely composed of mountains
2 Sana’a (15°15′N, 44°27′E) is the capital city; in 2001 and desert where rainfall is scarce.
the city had population of 1 590 624. Aden is the
commercial capital. Industry and trade
Climate. Temperate in the mountainous regions in the 1.163
W of the country; very hot with little rainfall in the 1 Agriculture is the main occupation of the population and
remainder of the country; humid along the coast. is largely of a subsistence nature; in 1998 agriculture
accounted for 17⋅6 per cent of the GDP.
Sorghum, sesame and millet are the main crops; wheat
National limits and barley are grown at higher altitudes. Fruit and
1.155 vegetables are also farmed. The traditional cultivation of
1 Yemen is bound on the N by Saudi Arabia (1.144) and coffee is giving place to qat, a shrub containing
on the E by Oman (1.168). amphetamine. Cotton is grown on the coastal belt.
1.156 1.164
1 Area. The Republic of Yemen has an area of 1 Fishing is a major industry with a total catch in 1998 of
527 968 square kilometres. 110 000 tonnes.
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CHAPTER 1
1.165 3 In 1624 Nasr was elected Imam and, having first unified
1 Industry consists mainly of oil production, petroleum his country, proceeded to drive out the foreigners. In 1650
refining, mining, food processing and the production of his successor, Imam Sultan, completed the expulsion of the
building materials. Portuguese and pursued them down the E coast of Africa;
1.166 here he formed the Omani colonial empire which, largely
1 Exports. The major exports include crude oil, refined oil through the trade in slaves, was to enrich his country so
products, hides, fruit, vegetables, cotton and fish. much over the next two centuries.
1.167 4 Following the death of Imam Sultan in 1679 a
1 Imports. The major imports include cereals, feed grains, hereditary principle of succession was established which
foodstuffs, live animals, machinery and petroleum products. still continues.
5 In the early nineteenth century the British, through the
East India Company, bought pressure to bear on the
OMAN Omanis to restrict the slave trade, a disastrous blow to their
economy. Compensation for this loss of revenue was paid
General description by Britain between 1871 and 1956 and provided a stable
1.168 income for the economy over this period.
1 The Sultanate of Oman lies in the SE corner of the 6 Internal tribal strife beset the country until 1920 when
Arabian Peninsula on the NW side of the Arabian Sea and the Treaty of Seeb brought peace to Oman. In 1924 the
the SW side of the Gulf of Oman. first oil concession was granted, but oil was not discovered
Muscat (23°35′N, 58°35′E) is the capital city of Oman; in commercial quantities for 40 years, and it was not until
in 2001 the city had an estimated population of 540 000. 1967 that the first exports were made.
Dhofar is governed as a separate province; Muscat has 7 The Juzur Al alniyt Islands (Kuria Muria Islands)
special status. (13.122), ceded to Britain in 1854 as a cable station, were
1.169 retro-ceded to the Sultan of Oman in 1967 in accordance
1 Area. Oman has a total area of 212 457 square with the wishes of the population.
kilometres. 8 In the 1950s the Imam proclaimed an independent state
1.170 in a revolt which was put down with British assistance. A
1 Territorial sea. Oman claims a 12 mile territorial sea. seven-year long Marxist uprising was crushed in 1975. The
Contiguous zone. Oman claims a 24 mile contiguous current Sultan ousted his father in a place coup in 1970
zone adjacent to the Omani territorial seas. Within this and changed the state’s name to the Sultanate of Oman.
zone the Omani authorities exercise control to prevent the
infringement of customs, immigration, sanitary and fiscal Government
regulations. 1.173
Exclusive economic zone. Oman claims a 200 mile 1 Oman is a hereditary absolute monarchy; the Sultan
exclusive economic zone. legislates by decree and appoints a cabinet to assist him.
For further information see the Annual Summary of The Basic Statute of the State was enacted in 1996. In
Admiralty Notices to Mariners and the Mariners Handbook. 1991 a new consultative assembly, the Majlis al Shura,
replaced the former State Consultative Chamber. The Majlis
National limits consists of 83 elected members; it debates domestic issues,
but has no legislative or veto powers.
1.171
1 Oman is bound on the SW by the Republic of Yemen Population
(1.154), on the W by Saudi Arabia (1.144) and on the NW 1.174
by the United Arab Emirates. 1 In 2001 the population of Oman was estimated at
Only that part of the SE coast of Oman bordering the 2 622 000.
Arabian Sea, SW of Ra’s al Junayz (22°26′N, 59°50′E)
(13.230), is described in this volume. The remainder of the Language
coastline, which lies N and NW of this point, is described 1.175
in Persian Gulf Pilot. 1 The official language is Arabic; English is widely
2 The Juzur Al alniyt Islands (Kuria Muria Islands) spoken.
(17°30′N, 56°00′E) (13.122) and the island of Marah
(20°30′N, 58°50′E) (13.180), all of which lie off the SE Physical features
coast of Oman, form part of the territory of the Sultanate 1.176
of Oman. 1 Oman extends inland to the borders of Rub’ al Khali
(Empty Quarter) across three geographical divisions, a
History coastal plain, a range of hills and a plateau.
1.172 The coastal plain is up to 10 miles wide, and, in the SW
1 The early history of Oman is virtually unknown until the part of the country, it is highly fertile. The hills behind the
first waves of Arab settlers from the SW moved into the plain are barren, for the most part. The plateau, which has
area about 2000 years ago. A second migration probably an average elevation of about 300 m, has little or no
entered the country from the N and a loosely knit tribal cultivation except at oases.
society, under an elected Imam or ruler of the Ibadhi
branch of Islam, was evolved. Industry and trade
2 Oman became part of the Islamic empire in the seventh 1.177
century. 1 There is considerable cultivation in the fertile areas and
The Portuguese first arrived off the coast of Oman in cattle are raised on the mountains; the backbone of the
1507, subsequently occupying Muscat and the coastal towns economy is the oil industry which accounts for about
for over a century. 40 per cent of GDP.
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CHAPTER 1
1.178 Language
1 Exports. The principal export is oil, which makes up to 1.187
approximately 83 per cent of total exports. Principal non-oil 1 French and Arabic are both official languages; Somali
exports are metal, metal goods, animals and textiles. and Afar are also spoken.
1.179
1 Imports. The principal imports are machinery, transport Physical features
equipment, industrial goods, live animals, minerals, fuels 1.188
and foodstuffs. 1 The coastline is of coral and high cliffs; the interior is a
desert of broken hills and dry wadis with scattered thorn
scrub. It is one of the hottest and most forbidding parts of
Africa.
DJIBOUTI Industry and trade
1.189
General description 1 There is very little industry. The economy depends
1.180 mainly on the operations of the free port which accounts
1 The Republic of Djibouti, formerly known as the French for about three-quarters of the country’s GDP.
Territory of Afars and Issas, lies at the W end of the Gulf Agriculture, which accounts for less than 4 per cent of
of Aden (12.1). GDP but employs three-quarters of the workforce, is very
Djibouti (11°36′N, 43°09′E) (14.86) is the capital city of limited. Some dates, fruit and vegetables are grown, but the
the Republic of Djibouti; in 1997 the city had a population country can only grow a fraction of the food it requires.
of 62 009. The largely nomadic population raises livestock.
2 Almost the only sources of government revenue are the
National limits port of Djibouti, the railway to Addis Ababa and indirect
1.181 taxes.
1 Djibouti is bound in the SE by Somalia (1.192), in the 1.190
W by Ethiopia and in the NW by Eritrea (1.108). 1 Exports. The principal exports are foodstuffs, hides,
The coastline extends from Ras Dumeira (12°43′N, skins and livestock.
43°08′E) in the N to Loyada (11°28′N, 43°15′E) in the S, 1.191
including the Golfe de Tadjourah (14.20). 1 Imports. The principal imports are foodstuffs,
1.182 machinery, clothing, oil and oil derivatives.
1 Area. Djibouti has an area of 23 200 square kilometres.
1.183 SOMALIA
1 Territorial sea. Djibouti claims a 12 mile territorial sea. General description
Contiguous zone. Djibouti claims a 24 mile contiguous 1.192
zone adjacent to the Djibouti territorial seas. Within this 1 The Somalia Democratic Republic, known as Somalia,
zone the Djibouti authorities exercise control to prevent the occupies part of the horn of Africa.
infringement of customs, immigration, sanitary and fiscal Mogadishu (2°03′N, 45°17′E) is the capital city of the
regulations. Somalia Democratic Republic; in 1995 the city had an
2 Exclusive economic zone. Djibouti claims a 200 mile estimated population of 525 000.
exclusive economic zone.
National limits
For further information see the Annual Summary of
1.193
Admiralty Notices to Mariners and the Mariners Handbook.
1 Somalia is bounded on the W by Djibouti (1.180),
Ethiopia and Kenya.
History The coastline of Somalia extends NE from its boundary
1.184 with Kenya (1°35′S, 41°35′E) in the Indian Ocean to Raas
1 The territory was formally annexed by France in the Caseyr (11°50′N, 51°17′E) (14.160); thence W to its
1860s; in 1884 the territory became the colony of French boundary with Djibouti at the W end of the Gulf of Aden
Somaliland, then the French Territory of the Afars and the (12.1) close W of Ras Gumarlah (11°29′N, 43°17′E)
Issas. (14.27).
The Republic of Djibouti became independent on 27th 1.194
June 1977; a multi-party constitution was adopted by 1 Area. Somalia has an area of 637 657 square kilometres.
referendum 1992 and multi-party elections were held in 1.195
December 1992. 1 Territorial sea. Somalia claims a 200 mile territorial
sea.
Government Fishery zone. Somalia claims a 200 mile exclusive
1.185 fishery zone.
1 The referendum of 1992 allowed for the formation of up For further information see the Annual Summary of
to four political parties which are required to maintain an Admiralty Notices to Mariners and the Mariners Handbook.
ethnic balance in their membership. History
The country has a republican form of government, 1.196
acting under a President, with a Chamber of Deputies 1 The Somalia Democratic Republic consists of the former
which has 65 members. British Somaliland Protectorate and the former trust
territory of Somalia. The republic came into being on the
Population 1st July 1960.
1.186 British rule in Somaliland lasted from 1887 until 1960,
1 In 1997 the population was estimated at 648 000. except for a short period in 1940−41 when the Protectorate
15
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CHAPTER 1
was occupied by Italian forces. In 1941 Britain occupied Muharram, meaning sacred, is the first month of the
the trust territory of Somalia which lasted until 1950 when Islamic year and is held sacred by all Moslems; the first
it was returned to Italian trusteeship. day of Muharram is widely observed as a holiday.
2 The Somali people, who have a strong sense of national 2 Ramadan is the ninth month of the Moslem calendar
unity, also inhabit the NE part of Kenya, Djibouti and the and is a period of fasting and self-purification. All
Ogadan region of Ethiopia. Moslems are required to abstain from food, drink and
tobacco between sunrise and sunset.
Government The dates of the commencement of Ramadan and the
1.197 Moslem New Year are given annually in the Nautical
1 From 1969 until 1991 Somalia was governed by a Almanac.
Supreme Revolutionary Council, the head of state being the
Religious holidays
president of the council. In 1979 a new constitution was
1.206
approved.
1 To the traditional Moslem the day begins at sunset and
In 1991 the government was overthrown by rebels
is divided into two 12 hour periods.
starting a period of civil war between rival clan-based
Holidays may be one day early or late, depending on the
movements.
sighting of the moon, and vary in length from 1 to 4 days.
2 In August 2000 the country’s first parliament for 9 years
When a holiday falls on a Friday an extra day is
was inaugurated in neighbouring Djibouti. Under an agreed
generally given.
charter the transitional assembly was to elect a president
1.207
who, in turn, was to form a government; ongoing
1 Major holidays:
wrangling between Somalia’s rival factions continues.
Eid al Fitre immediately follows the fasting of
Ramadan and is centred on family life with
Population
feasting and the giving of presents.
1.198
Eid al Adhha is a celebration following the period of
1 In 2001 the population was estimated at 7 488 773.
the annual pilgrimage to Mecca (Makka) which all
devout Moslems attempt to make at least once in
Language
their lifetime.
1.199
1 The official languages are Somali and Arabic; English
and Italian are also widely spoken. PRINCIPAL PORTS,
HARBOURS AND ANCHORAGES
Physical features Egypt
1.200 1.208
1 The geological formations of Somalia consist almost
entirely of gneiss, granite and schists. Place and position Remarks
Most of the country consists of semi-desert, with acacia Port Tewfik (Bûr Tawfîq) Commercial port; Suez
shrubs and bunch grass. (2.196) (29°56′N, 32°34′E) Canal offices; repairs; fuel;
The N and central parts of the country are almost including Qâd el Marâkib. tugs.
destitute of rivers, these being represented by fissures in (2.199), Bûr Ibrâhîm Basin
the soil which are dry for the greater part of the year. (2.304) and El Mînâ’ el
1.201 Gedîda (2.317).
1 Fauna. Somalia has numerous species of wild animals, Port of Suez (Bûr el Suweis) Waiting anchorages for the
especially in the S. In the N of the country, the wild ass (2.280) (29°54′N, 32°32′E). Suez Canal.
and rare oryx are found.
El ‘Adabîya Harbour (2.261) Commercial port; anchor-
(29°52′⋅5N, 32°28′⋅5E). age.
Industry and trade
1.202 Sokhna Port (3.76) Commercial port.
1 Raising livestock is the main occupation of the (29°39′N, 32°21′E).
population which is still largely nomadic. Ain Sukhna Terminal Terminal of the SUMED
1.203 (3.101) (29°35′N, 32°23′E). pipeline.
1 Exports. The principal exports are livestock, skins, hides
and fresh fruit; the banana crop, which accounts for 40 per Râs Ghârib Oil Terminal Oil terminal.
cent of exports, is the biggest export earner. (3.131) (28°20′N, 33°07′E).
1.204 Râs Shukheir Oil Terminal Oil terminal.
1 Imports. The principal imports are machinery, transport (3.152) (28°08′N, 33°18′E).
equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, cotton goods and
Zeit Bay Terminal (3.194) Oil Terminal.
oil.
(27°50′N, 33°36′E).
East Zeit Terminal (3.183) Oil terminal.
(27°51′N, 33°36′E).
MOSLEM FESTIVALS
Zeit Bay LPG Berth (3.212) LPG terminal.
Moslem calendar (27°48′N, 33°34′E).
1.205
Râs Sudr Oil Terminal Oil terminal.
1 All religious festivals are dated according to the Moslem (3.239) (29°35′N, 32°42′E).
calendar. Islamic months follow the phases of the moon
and, in consequence, come forward by about 11 days each Abu Zenîma (3.289) Anchorage and jetty.
year in relation to the Gregorian calendar. (29°02′N, 33°07′E).
16
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CHAPTER 1
Sudan
1.209 Yemen
Place and position Remarks 1.214
Port Sudan (6.26) Commercial port. Place and position Remarks
(19°37′N, 37°14′E).
Saleef (A alf) (11.60) Small commercial port.
Towartit Reefs Anchorage Waiting anchorage for Port (15°18′N, 42°40′E).
(6.46) (19°30′N, 37°20′E). Sudan.
Ra’s ‘sá Marine Terminal Oil terminal.
Bashayer Oil Terminal Oil terminal. (11.81) (15°07′N, 42°36′E).
(6.83) (19°24′N, 37°20′E).
Port of udaydah (11.185) Commercial port.
Sawkin (6.118) Commercial port. (14°50′N, 42°56′E).
(19°07′N, 37°20′E).
Port of Al Mukh (11.243) Commercial port.
(13°19′N, 43°14′E).
Eritrea Little Aden Oil Harbour Oil port, crude oil imports
1.210 (12.86) (12°46′N, 44°55′E). and refined exports.
Place and position Remarks
Aden Inner Harbour (12.93) Commercial and bunkering
Khr Dakliyat (7.186) Anchorage and oil terminal. (12°48′N, 44°59′E). port; repairs.
(15°38′N, 39°29′E).
Rudum Oil Terminal Oil terminal.
Massawa (Mits’iwa) (7.141) Commercial port. (12.153) (13°59′N,
(15°37′N, 39°28′E). 47°55′E).
Massawa South Anchorage Anchorage and oil terminal.
Port of Al Mukall (12.158) Anchorage port cargo
(7.192) (15°36′N, 39°27′E).
(14°31′N, 49°09′E). worked by lighters; oil
seb (7.202) Commercial port and oil terminal. Alongside berthing
(13°00′N, 42°45′E). terminal. available in Khalf Harbour
(12.195).
Port of Nishtn (13.30) Small commercial and
Israel (15°49′N, 52°12′E). fishing port.
1.211
Place and position Remarks
Eilat (8.81) Commercial port.
(29°33′N, 34°57′E).
Oman
1.215
Jordan Place and position Remarks
1.212
Port Salalah (Mn Rayst) Commercial port.
Place and position Remarks
(13.61) (16°56′N, 54°00′E).
El ‘Aqaba (8.120) Commercial port.
(29°31′N, 35°00′E). Marb (13.54) Fishing harbour and
(16°59′N, 54°41′E). sheltered anchorage except
in winds from between S
and W.
Saudi Arabia
1.213 Al Lakbi (13.118) Fishing harbour.
Place and position Remarks (18°11′N, 56°33′E).
Ash Sharmah (9.47) Open roadstead and small Ra’s al Madrakah (13.104) Anchorage, sheltered in SW
(27°56′N, 35°16′E). port. (19°00′N, 57°50′E). Monsoon.
17
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CHAPTER 1
18
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CHAPTER 1
NATURAL CONDITIONS
MARITIME TOPOGRAPHY 1.233
General remarks 1 Local magnetic anomalies have been observed in the
1.229 following localities:
1 The Red Sea (4.2) extends NW from the Straits of Bab Shaker Island (27°30′N, 34°00′E) (3.32)
el Mandeb (12°40′N, 43°20′E) (4.71) for 1200 miles Jazrat a ’ir (15°33′N, 41°50′E) (4.12).
separating the African continent from Arabia by a long, Central part of the Red Sea (4.12).
narrow seaway which is only 190 miles wide at its Gulf of ‘Aqaba (29°00′N, 34°45′E) (8.52).
maximum breadth in its S sector. Aden (12°47′N, 44°57′E) (12.71).
At Râs Banâs (23°54′N, 35°47′E) (4.14), which lies 1.234
about two thirds of the way between the S end of the Red 1 Volcanic activity. There are no active volcanoes within
Sea and the Gulfs of Suez (3.1) and ‘Aqaba (8.48), the sea the area covered by this volume.
is only about 90 miles wide. Within historic times volcanic eruptions have occurred
near Al Madnah (24°28′N, 39°36′E), in the N part of
Yemen, and in Ethiopia.
Bathymetry 1.235
1.230 1 Seismic activity. Present-day seismic activity is
1 S of Râs Banâs (23°54′N, 35°47′E) the shores are concentrated in the central trough of the Red Sea (4.2). In
bordered by broad, reef-studded shelves less than 50 m general, the area covered by this book is subject to
deep. occasional earthquake activity.
These shallow shelves drop off abruptly to deeper
shelves, about 500 m deep, which in turn flank a deep,
CURRENTS, TIDAL STREAMS AND FLOW
narrow central trough in which depths frequently exceed
1500 m or 2000 m. Currents
2 The greatest depth in the Red Sea (4.3) so far recorded,
which is over 2800 m, lies in this central trough sector of General information
the sea. 1.236
N of Râs Banâs the shelves are narrower and the central 1 Currents are strongest over the Arabian Sea and the Gulf
trough broadens to a shallower, irregular surface where of Aden (12.1) and are associated with the changes in
depths seldom exceed 2000 m. direction of the NE (winter) and SW (summer) Monsoon
1.231 flows. In the Red Sea (4.2) the currents are relatively weak
1 The Sinai Peninsula divides the N extremity of the and are broadly represented by the winter and summer
central trough into the Gulf of Suez (3.1) on the W and the patterns shown in diagrams 1.236.1 and 1.236.2.
Gulf of ‘Aqaba (8.48) on the E. The Gulf of Suez is Current diagrams
shallow, but the Gulf of ‘Aqaba, although only about 1.237
10 miles wide, has faulted sides sloping steeply down to 1 In the current diagram 1.236.1 and 1.236.2, arrows
depths of about 1800 m. indicating the Predominant Direction, Average Rate and
2 Sediments within the Red Sea (4.2) appear to be largely Constancy are shown, which are defined as follows:
biogenic clastic calcium carbonate derived from the Predominant Direction. The mean direction within a
surrounding reefs and from the shells of pelagic organisms. continuous 90 _ sector containing the highest
Land-derived material, which usually makes up only a proportion of observations from all sectors.
small fraction of the sediment, is brought in by the wind or 2 Average Rate as indicated by the figures in the
by intermittent run-off. diagrams. It is emphasised that rates above and
3 A development of considerable scientific importance has below those shown may be experienced.
been the discovery of hot, salty, and extremely dense brine Constancy, as indicated by the thickness of the
filling the lower few hundred metres of two deep isolated arrows, is a measure of its persistence; e.g. low
basins in the central Red Sea sector. The chemical constancy implies marked variability in rate and,
composition of this brine suggests that it has leached out of particularly, the direction of the current.
a sedimentary formation exposed by faulting in the wall of
the central trough. Red Sea
1.232 1.238
1 The Arabian Sea is divided into two major basins, in 1 Currents are predominantly weak in the Red Sea (4.2)
which the depths 3600 m; the Arabian Basin lies in the NE but somewhat less so in the S towards the Straits of Bab el
part of the sea and the Somali Basin in the SW part. Mandeb (4.71). The predominate set of the current is either
2 The Carlsberg Ridge, which is part of the continuous NW or SE but with great variability. The pattern of the
mid-Indian Ocean Ridge system, divides these basins and flow shown in diagram 1.236.1 is broadly representative of
has a mean depth between 1800 m and 3000 m. The Owen the flow between November and April and in 1.236.2 for
Fracture Zone, which runs roughly parallel to the NE coast the period June to September. During the transitional
of Africa and the SE coast of Arabia, crosses the NW end months of October and May there is no predominate set to
of the Carlsberg Ridge at an oblique angle. the current except S of 14°N, where the set of the current
3 The continental shelf is narrow all along the Arabian is predominantly NW through the Straits of Bab el
coast; the bottom is sand-covered being primarily of Mandeb.
terrigenous or eolian derivation. 2 The great variability of the currents within the Red Sea
4 Sediments of terrigenous origin cover the continental is probably due in part to the many local eddies being
slope of the Arabian Sea down to depths of about 2750 m. superimposed on the overall SE or NW flows. The size and
Below 4000 m red clay deposits cover a large part of both positions of the eddies may vary greatly from those shown
basins, the balance being covered by calcarous ooze. in the current diagrams. Due to these eddies, a set towards
19
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30° 30°
1/4
25° 25°
1/4
CHAPTER 1
20
1/4
20° 20°
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
15° 15°
KEY 1/4
1/2
Average rate in knots is indicated in figures.
Arrows indicate the predominant direction.
1/4 1/4
The constancy of a current is indicated by the 1/4
thickness of the arrow thus:
1/2
High constancy >70% 3/4
1/2
Moderate constancy 30%-70% 1/2
1/2
Low constancy <30%
10° 10°
30° 35° 40° Longitude 45° East from Greenwich 50° 55° 60°
30° 30°
1/4
25° 25°
1/4
CHAPTER 1
21
1/4
20° 20°
1/2
1/4
1/4
1
1/4
1 3/4
either coast may suddenly be encountered but these onshore 3 During October the currents usually become weaker and
sets are generally weak although they may be locally more variable, and by November the W-setting currents of
stronger as the water shallows near reefs and shoals. the NE Monsoon are re-established.
22
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CHAPTER 1
SEA AND SWELL and increases to around 31⋅5°C in the S half of the Red
Sea. The mean sea surface temperature then decreases
General remarks towards the E. The effect of up-welling of cooler water,
1.247 during the summer SW Monsoon, off the SE coast of
1 For definitions of sea and swell, and the terminology Arabia is shown in diagram 1.250.2. In May the mean sea
used in describing their characteristics, see The Mariner’s surface temperature over that part of the Arabian Sea
Handbook. covered by this volume is more uniform at about 29°C and
similarly in November with a mean of around 26°C to
Sea conditions 27°C.
1.248
1 In the Gulfs of Suez (3.1) and ‘Aqaba (8.48), sea waves Variability
generated locally by the wind are usually lower than those 1.251
generated over the more open waters in the S. Over the 1 The sea surface temperature rarely varies by more than
Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden (12.1), during the height 2°C from the monthly mean over most of the more open
of the NE Monsoon in winter, sea waves of over 2 m are waters. The variation can be significantly greater in shallow
reported on between 16 and 21 per cent of occasions. waters and in areas of up-welling off SE Arabia in summer.
During the height of the SW Monsoon, in summer, sea 2 The average difference between the sea surface
waves of 2 m and over are reported on around 25 per cent temperature and that of the overlying air temperature is
of occasions in the Gulf of Aden and with this percentage generally no more than 1°C or 2°C but on some occasions
figure steadily increasing to around 85 per cent in the it can be considerable. The greatest departure occurs with
extreme E of the area. During the transitional months of offshore winds in summer over areas of up-welling off the
April, May, September and October, sea waves of 2 m and SE coast of Arabia, and where the air temperature may
over are reported on around 5 to 10 per cent of occasions. initially be more than 7°C above that of the sea surface
temperature.
Swell conditions
1.249
1 Diagrams 1.249.1 and 1.249.2 give swell roses for CLIMATE AND WEATHER
January and July. The roses show the percentage of
observations recording swell from a number of different
directions and for various ranges of wave height. In the S General information
part of the Gulf of Suez (3.1) and the N part of the Red 1.252
Sea (4.2), low NNW swells are not uncommon in both 1 The following information on climate and weather
winter and summer, in the S part of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba should be read in conjunction with the information
(8.48) low NNE swells are possible mainly in summer. contained in The Mariner’s Handbook, which explains in
2 In central and S parts of the Red Sea, low swells from more detail many aspects of meteorology and climatology
the NNW are most frequent in summer. In central areas in of importance to the mariner.
winter there is a similar frequency of both low NNW and Weather reports and forecasts, that cover the area, are
SSE swells, but in the S the swell is predominantly from regularly broadcast in the various languages of the region
the SSE. and also in English; for details see Admiralty List of Radio
3 Over that part of the Arabian Sea, covered by this Signals, Volume 3.
volume, swells are predominantly low NE during the NE
Monsoon in winter, but become progressively more E in General conditions
the W part of the Gulf of Aden (12.1). In summer, during 1.253
the height of the SW Monsoon, swells are generally low 1 The region is hot and mainly dry in summer and very
SW in the W part of the Gulf of Aden. To the E, over the warm in winter. The average temperatures in the coastal
more open waters of the Arabian Sea, the swells are mainly areas, covered by this volume, are around the highest in the
moderate (2 m to 4 m) SSW but with heavy swells (over world.
4 m) being reported on about 30 per cent of occasions. 2 The weather is more variable over the very high ground
4 An abnormal increase in swell height off the SE coast of on both sides of the Red Sea (4.2) and with considerable
Arabia may indicate the approach of a tropical cyclone. cloud and some rain at times. Rainfall is generally low but
with the highest amounts occurring over the S part of the
Red Sea and the W areas of the Gulf of Aden (12.1), and
SEA WATER CHARACTERISTICS around Port Salalah (16°56′N, 54°00′E) (13.61) during the
height of the summer SW Monsoon.
Sea surface temperature 3 Winds are mainly NNW or SSE over the Red Sea and
1.250 with winds of force 5−6 and over occurring on around
1 Diagrams 1.250.1 and 1.250.2 show the mean sea 26 per cent of occasions. Over the Arabian Sea, in winter,
surface temperature for February and August. Sea surface winds are mainly from the NE and with force 5−6 winds
temperatures are usually at their lowest in February and and over occurring on between 16 and 21 per cent of
highest in August. occasions. In summer the winds are predominantly SW and
2 In February the mean sea surface temperature is around with force 5−6 winds and over occurring on some 65 to
18°C in the N part of the Gulf of Suez (3.1) and increases 85 per cent of occasions.
steadily S-wards across the Red Sea (4.2) to reach a Visibility is generally good. During the SW Monsoon it
maximum of around 26⋅5°C at about 17°30′N. The mean becomes moderate to poor at times over the Arabian Sea.
sea surface temperature then slowly decreases to around In the W of the area, blowing sand and dust reduces the
24°C in the extreme NE of the area. In August the mean visibility to less than 1000 m. Fog is rare over the whole of
sea surface temperature is around 27°C in the Gulf of Suez the area.
23
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CHAPTER 1
24
<1
20° 20°
<1
<1
<1
10° 10°
30° 35° 40° Longitude 45° East from Greenwich 50° 55° 60°
CHAPTER 1
25
<1
20° 20°
<1
15° 15°
<1
<1
<1
10° 10°
30° 35° 40° Longitude 45° East from Greenwich 50° 55° 60°
30° 30°
°
18
°
19 0°
2
°
21
°
22
25° 25°
°
23
°
24
CHAPTER 1
2 4°
26
°
25
20° 20°
°
26
°
26
10° 10°
30° 35° 40° Longitude 45° East from Greenwich 50° 55° 60°
30° 30°
°
27
°
28
°
29
25° 25°
30
CHAPTER 1
1°
27
20° 20°
<22
°
22
°
23
4°
2
15° 15°
25°
°
26 °
31 0°
27
°
3 <28 28
°
28 29°
29 °
>29 24 25°
°
>25
10° 10°
30° 35° 40° Longitude 45° East from Greenwich 50° 55° 60°
28
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10
10 17
18
CHAPTER 1
29
10
20° 20°
16
10
14
15° 3 15°
1012 4
10°
101 10°
30° 35° 40° Longitude 45° East from Greenwich 50° 55° 60°
14
any direction is given according to the scale:
10
30° 0% 10 20 30 40 50% 30°
1 01
10
10
10
CHAPTER 1
10
30
4
20° 20°
1 00 8
LOW
4
15° 15°
3
6
I.T.C.Z.
10° I.T.C.Z. 10°
30° 35° 40° Longitude 45° East from Greenwich 50° 55° 60°
Mean barometric pressure (hPa), wind distribution and mean position of Intertropical Convergence Zone APRIL (1.254.2)
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calms.
25° 25°
99
8
1004
CHAPTER 1
1006
31
3 00
1
20°
0 20°
00
1
2
<1
I.T.
C. Z .
.
C.Z
15° I.T. 15°
4
<1
10
08
10° 10°
30° 35° 40° Longitude 45° East from Greenwich 50° 55° 60°
Mean barometric pressure (hPa), wind distribution and mean position of Intertropical Convergence Zone JULY (1.254.3)
Home Contents Index
4
101
EXPLANATION. The frequency of wind from
any direction is given according to the scale:
30° 0% 10 20 30 40 50% 30°
101 2
CHAPTER 1
32
4
20° 20°
10 1
2
10
LOW 10
4
15° 15°
4
6
I.T.C.Z.
0
10 4 01
10
1
10° I.T.C.Z. 10°
30° 35° 40° Longitude 45° East from Greenwich 50° 55° 60°
Mean barometric pressure (hPa), wind distribution and mean position of Intertropical Convergence Zone OCTOBER (1.254.4)
Home Contents Index
CHAPTER 1
frequency of winds of force 5−6 and over is also slightly and may diverge by some 30° from those over the open
less than that for the Gulf of Suez. As for the Gulf of sea.
Suez, a similar sequence of events affects the Gulf of The percentage frequency of different wind directions
‘Aqaba when depressions move E across the area, except and mean speeds for a number of coastal stations within
that the winds usually become SSW ahead of the the area are given in the Climatic Tables (1.275).
depression instead of SSE.
Gales
Red Sea 1.266
1.262 1 Winds of force 7 and over are recorded on about 4 per
1 Winds in the Red Sea (4.2) are predominantly NNW cent of occasions in winter and summer in the NW of the
throughout the year N of 25°N, with winds of force 5−6 area between 25°N and 30°N although the percentage is
and over recorded on about 35 per cent of occasions. higher for the S part of the Gulfs of Suez and ‘Aqaba.
Winds occasionally reach gale force particularly in the N in Over the Red Sea (4.2) between 20°N and 25°N, winds of
winter after a depression has moved E into Jordan (1.134) force 7 or more are recorded on around 2 per cent of
or N Arabia. occasions in winter and less than 1 per cent in summer.
2 Between 18°N and 25°N, the winds are predominantly Between 15°N and 20°N, the figures are around 3 per cent
between WNW and N but with around a 10 per cent in winter and about 1 per cent in summer.
frequency of SSE winds in January and slightly less during 2 In January, winds of force 7 and over are recorded on
the transitional months of April and October. The frequency about 1 per cent of occasions in the Gulf of Aden (12.1)
of winds of force 5−6 and over are around 25 per cent in and off the SE coast of Arabia and around 2 per cent in the
January, 21 per cent in April, 18 per cent in July and 12 per SE of the area. In July the figures are around 3 per cent of
cent in October. occasions for the Gulf of Aden then steadily increasing to
3 To the S of 18°N, the winds are predominantly SSE around 37 per cent around Suqurá (12°30′N, 53°55′E)
between October and April but with between 6 and 14 per (15.37) and on 63 per cent of occasions in the far SE of
cent of winds from the NNW. Between June and August the area.
the winds are mainly from the NW. Winds of force 5−6 Land and sea breezes
and over are reported on 38 per cent of occasions in 1.267
January, around 20 to 25 per cent in the transitional months 1 Land and sea breezes are very pronounced in all parts of
of April and October and 12 per cent in July. the area throughout the year. The sea breeze usually
commences in the mid-forenoon and gradually freshens
Gulf of Aden until mid-afternoon when it starts to weaken and eventually
1.263 ceases shortly after sunset. The direction is often onshore
1 Between October and April the NE Monsoon winds of in the morning but will often slowly veer during the day to
the Arabian Sea turn more E over the Gulf of Aden (12.1). blow almost parallel to the coastline. The land breeze often
The frequency of force 5−6 winds and over in April and begins in the late evening and reaches maximum strength
October is between 9 and 14 per cent of occasions and in the early hours of the morning and fades around sunset.
around 20 per cent at the height of the NE Monsoon in It is normally lighter than the sea breeze but may, on
January. occasions, be reinforced by katabatic winds when cooler air
2 SW winds predominate between late May and August drains from high ground which lies inland from the coast.
with winds of force 5−6 and over occurring on about At other times the sea and land breezes may strengthen or
25 per cent of occasions. In early May and September the weaken the prevailing wind.
winds are lighter and more variable.
Local winds
Arabian Sea 1.268
1.264 1 Khamsin is a strong S wind, in Egypt (1.79), in advance
1 The NE Monsoon commences in late October although of an E-moving depression from NW Africa. They are
the wind direction is very variable earlier in the month. most common between February and May, and often result
Between November and January about 90 per cent of all in widespread sand and dust storms and very high
winds are from between N and E, but this decreases to temperatures. In the Mediterranean they are referred to as
around 60 per cent in February and March. At the height of sirocco winds. In Djibouti (11°36′N, 43°09′E) (1.180), the
the NE Monsoon, winds of force 5−6 and over occur on khamsin wind is a violent NW wind that occurs between
between 16 and 21 per cent of occasions. During the May and September and on occasions may blow
transitional months of April and October, winds of force continuously for 3 to 4 days. The wind often sets in by late
5−6 and over occur on around 5 to 8 per cent of occasions. afternoon and slackens around midnight.
2 The SW Monsoon develops in May and is well 2 Haboobs are violent short-lived squalls that suddenly
established between June and early September. During the develop along the Sudanese coast between July and
height of the SW Monsoon, winds of force 5−6 and over September. They most frequently approach the coast from
occur on around 85 per cent of occasions in the far SE of between SE and W and with gusts up to force 8 or more.
the area. In mid-September the SW Monsoon winds start to 3 Belat is a strong N to NW wind that blows off the
weaken. mountains of S Yemen and Oman (1.168) in winter. It is
usually felt most strongly in Khalj Al alniyt (Kuria
Coastal winds Muria Bay) (17°45′N, 55°50′E) (13.106) and may reach
1.265 force 7 during the most violent night squalls towards dawn.
1 The topography and the large diurnal range of It usually starts and ends quite suddenly.
temperature over the land has a very significant effect on 4 Kharif is another katabatic wind, which occurs along the
both the direction and speed of the winds in coastal waters African coast of the Gulf of Aden (12.1). It sets in
(see The Mariner’s Handbook for a full description of these suddenly during the night and often reaches a peak
effects). In general, winds tend to run parallel to the coast between dawn and mid-morning during the SW Monsoon,
33
Home Contents Index
CHAPTER 1
and with gusts to gale force. This wind may blow 5 There can be large variations in the monthly averages in
continuously for 3 to 4 days at a time between June and many areas and with several years of drought in some
August and raise temperatures to around 45°C. The squalls places. Large falls in some months may be entirely due to
often raise large quantities of sand and dust. The wind local thundery rain storms. Thunderstorms are mainly
fades to seaward but fresh winds may be experienced up to confined to the more mountainous areas and are rare in the
30 miles from the coast. N and E. Snow may cover the highest peaks at times in
5 Whirlwinds, dust devils and waterspouts are winter.
occasionally encountered in coastal areas.
Fog and visibility
1.271
Cloud 1 Visibility is often good or very good and fog is rare
1.269 with a frequency of less than 1 per cent. Visibility of less
1 In January the average cloud amount over the whole of than 5 miles occur in some parts of the area between May
the Red Sea (4.2) is around 2 oktas. Five oktas or more of and September and more particularly in the area of cold
cloud are reported on around 5 per cent of occasions in the water up-welling off the SE coast of Arabia (see mean sea
extreme N and S of the Red Sea, on 15 per cent of surface temperature diagram 1.250.2). Sand and dust storms
occasions on the E side of the Red Sea between 18°N and may reduce the visibility to fog limits, and with the worst
25°N, and on 25 per cent of occasions on the W side of affected regions being the NW of the area and off the coast
the Red Sea between 15°N and 19°N. The average cloud of Oman (1.168).
amount in July is less than 1 okta in the N part of the Red
Refraction and mirage
Sea but increase to around 3 to 4 oktas in the S. On 15 to
1.272
20 per cent of occasions clouds amounts between 13°N and
1 Refraction and mirage are common in the Red Sea (4.2)
17°N increase to 5 oktas or more.
(see The Mariner’s Handbook for a full description).
2 Over the Gulf of Aden (12.1) and that part of the
See also 1.30.
Arabian Sea covered by this volume, the average cloud
amount is January is 2 oktas in the W and NE and 3 to Air temperature
4 oktas in the SE. In July average amounts increase to 1.273
around 3 to 4 oktas in the W and NE and 4 oktas in the 1 Most of the area covered by this volume is hot or very
SE. However, around the Horn of Africa cloud amounts hot. In February the mean air temperature over the Gulf of
remain at around 2 to 3 oktas. Suez (3.1) is 19⋅5°C then increases to between 25°C and
3 Average monthly cloud amounts for a number of coastal 26°C near the Straits of Bab el Mandeb (12°40′N, 43°20′E)
stations within the area are given in the Climatic Tables (4.71). It then decreases to around 23°C towards Marah
(1.275). Island (20°30′N, 58°50′E) (13.180) and over the open sea
to the E of Suqurá (12°30′N, 53°55′E) (15.37), between
57°E and 62°E, the mean air temperature is around 25°C.
Precipitation In August, the hottest month of the year, the mean air
temperature is around 29°C over the Gulf of Suez and
General information between 32°C and 33°C over the Red Sea (4.2) S of 20°C.
1.270 Mean temperatures then decrease in the area of cold water
1 Annual rainfall amounts are usually less than 55 mm up-welling off the SE coast of Arabia to around 24°C to
over the NW part of the area to the N of around 22°N, and 26°C but to the E of Suqurá, between 57°E and 62°E, the
with less than 10 mm per year at El Tûr Harbour (28°14′N, mean air temperature is around 27°C.
33°37′E) (3.298), Hurghada (27°14′N, 33°50′E) (3.367) and 2 The mean annual temperatures over the S part of the
El Queir (26°06′N, 34°17′E) (5.116). What little rainfall Red Sea are amongst the highest in the world and is
there is, is usually recorded between October and March as mainly due to the limited night time cooling over the water
weakening cold fronts cross the area. compared with the marked drop in temperatures over land.
2 Annual rainfall amounts increase towards Massawa Sudden changes in temperature are sometimes encountered
(15°37′N, 39°28′E) (7.141) where the annual rainfall is near the convergence zone over the S part of the Red Sea.
around 180 mm then decrease again towards the Straits of 3 Khamsin winds blowing over Egypt and around Djibouti
Bab el Mandeb (12°40′N, 43°20′E) (4.71) (see Climatic (14.86) can result in temperatures increasing to around
Tables 1.275). Rain is this area is due mainly to the 40°C to 45°C. Temperature ranges for a number of coastal
position of the Red Sea convergence zone and the stations within the area are given in the Climatic Tables
mountainous interior. (1.275).
3 Along the SE coast of Arabia annual rainfall amounts The air over the water is normally around 1°C to 2°C
increase from around 45 mm at Aden (12°47′N, 44°57′E) warmer than the sea in summer and about 1°C cooler in
(12.26), to about 115 mm at Port Salalah (16°56′N, winter.
54°00′E) (13.61) then decrease again to around 45 mm at
Marah Island (20°30′N, 58°50′E) (13.180). Rainfall is Humidity
spread fairly evenly throughout the year except at Port 1.274
Salalah where most of the rain is recorded in July and 1 Humidity is inversely related to air temperature; thus
August. high humidity is usually associated with low temperatures
4 Along the African coast annual rainfall amounts rapidly and vice versa. Maximum humidity normally occurs around
decrease from an average of around 165 mm at Djibouti dawn and the minimum in the early afternoon. In January,
(11°36′N, 43°09′E) (14.86) to about 55 mm at Berbera the mean value of the humidity is around 60 per cent in the
(10°26′N, 45°00′E) (14.162) and near 15 mm at Boosaaso NW of the area and steadily increases to between 74 and
(11°17′N, 49°11′E) (14.206). Most of the rain over Suqurá 77 per cent over the Red Sea (4.2) S of 20°N. The mean
(12°30′N, 53°55′E) (15.37) is recorded between October value then decreases to around 66 per cent in the NE of the
and March and with moderate falls in June. area and to between 72 and 74 per cent in the SE.
34
Home Contents Index
CHAPTER 1
2 In August, the mean value of the humidity is around 2 It is emphasised that these data are average conditions
72 per cent in the NW of the area and between 73 and and refer to the specific location of the observing station
75 per cent over the Red Sea S of 20°N. It then increases and therefore may not be totally representative of the
to between 85 and 88 per cent in the NE and to about conditions over the open sea or in approaches to ports in
84 per cent in the SE. their vicinity.
3 Air descending from mountainous interiors is usually 3 The following comments briefly list some of the
very dry and with a mean humidity value of less than differences to be expected between conditions over the
20 per cent. Near Port Salalah (16°56′N, 54°00′E) (13.61), open sea and the nearest reporting station (see The
at the height of the SW Monsoon in July and August, the Mariner’s Handbook for further details):
humidity may persist at around 90 per cent or more. Wind speeds tend to be higher at sea than on land,
although funnelling in narrow inlets can result in
an increase in wind strength.
CLIMATIC TABLES Precipitation along hilly wind-facing coasts can be
1.275 considerably higher than at sea to windward.
1 The tables which follow give data for several coastal Similarly precipitation in the lee of high ground is
stations that regularly undertake weather observations. generally less.
Some of these stations (see location of Climatic Tables Air temperature over the sea is less variable than over
chartlet) have been re-sited and so the position given is the the land.
latest available. Topography has a marked effect on local conditions.
35
Home Contents Index
ISMAILIA
30° 1.276 30°
1.283 1.284
EILAT EL ÁQABA
1.277
EL TÛR
HURGHADA
1.278
EL QUSEIR
1.279
25° 25°
CHAPTER 1
JEDDAH AIRPORT
36
1.285 1.290
MASIRAH
20° 20°
PORT SUDAN
1.280
1.289
SALALAH
MASSAWA
15° 1.281 1.286 1.288 15°
HUDAYDAH AR RAYYAN
1.287 1.294
ASEB ADEN SUQUTRÁ (AIRFIELD)
1.282
1.291 1.293
DJIBOUTI BOOSAASO
1.292
10° BERBERA 10°
30° 35° 40° Longitude 45° East from Greenwich 50° 55° 60°
1.276
WMO No 62440 ISMAILIA (30° 36′ N, 32° 15′ E) Height above MSL − 13 m
Climatic Table compiled from 14 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
1 mm or more
in each month
in each month
0800 1400
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0800
1400
0800
1400
0800
1400
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1020 19 9 24 5 81 49 3 4 7 1 3 3 2 8 7 18 13 3 43 16 18 8 4 2 10 25 16 1 3 8 | 2 |
February 1019 20 9 28 6 77 44 2 4 6 1 1 3 2 14 6 19 14 4 37 16 16 3 4 3 11 25 21 1 3 9 | 2 |
March 1017 23 11 31 7 72 39 2 4 7 1 5 10 4 10 4 13 20 7 28 23 18 6 3 2 4 24 19 | 4 8 0 | |
CHAPTER 1
April 1014 28 14 39 10 63 31 2 3 2 0 9 18 9 14 4 6 16 12 13 28 22 6 7 3 3 13 18 0 5 8 | 1 |
37
May 1013 32 17 40 14 61 30 2 2 2 0 20 22 7 7 3 3 10 19 9 35 28 2 5 1 2 10 17 | 4 9 | | |
June 1011 35 20 41 17 64 30 2 1 0 0 14 11 4 5 1 4 23 29 9 43 19 1 1 1 0 8 28 1 4 9 0 | 0
July 1009 36 22 40 20 70 34 2 <1 0 0 13 5 1 2 1 4 37 31 7 35 9 | | 0 1 11 43 0 4 9 0 | 0
August 1009 36 23 38 21 73 36 2 <1 0 0 14 3 1 | | 5 32 34 11 45 9 1 0 | 1 8 36 0 4 8 | | 0
September 1012 33 21 38 18 74 39 1 <1 0 0 12 6 2 3 | 5 23 26 23 51 19 1 0 1 1 5 22 0 3 8 | 1 0
October 1015 30 18 36 14 77 42 1 2 2 0 9 6 2 5 2 5 19 14 38 42 22 1 2 2 2 10 17 2 2 7 | 3 |
November 1017 26 14 31 9 79 45 2 3 6 0 4 3 2 8 3 13 13 6 48 28 24 2 2 1 6 18 17 2 2 7 | 3 |
December 1019 21 10 26 6 81 50 3 4 5 1 2 2 1 8 6 17 8 3 52 19 17 4 3 2 11 23 20 2 3 7 | 3 |
Means 1015 29 16 42* 4§ 73 39 2 2 _ _ 9 8 3 7 3 9 19 16 26 32 18 3 3 1 4 15 23 1 3 8 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | 15 |
Extreme values _ _ _ 46† 1‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.277
WMO No 62459 EL TÛR (28° 14′ N, 33° 37′ E) Height above MSL − 14 m
Climatic Table compiled from 10 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
1 mm or more
in each month
in each month
0800 1400
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0800
1400
0800
1400
0800
1400
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1017 21 10 25 7 52 47 2 2 0 0 54 23 2 1 1 0 1 13 4 3 0 1 1 2 2 10 79 3 9 15 | 0 0
February 1016 22 11 26 7 50 48 1 1 0 0 48 21 1 1 0 0 0 21 8 3 0 0 2 3 2 7 82 1 9 19 | | 0
March 1013 23 13 29 9 50 45 1 1 0 0 38 7 1 3 1 0 1 36 14 1 0 1 1 6 2 8 80 0 10 18 0 | 0
CHAPTER 1
April 1011 28 17 36 11 54 43 1 1 0 0 14 1 0 5 6 0 0 61 12 0 1 0 2 10 4 7 74 3 13 18 | 0 0
38
May 1008 31 21 38 17 64 47 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 81 8 1 1 0 1 5 3 9 76 4 15 17 | 0 0
June 1005 33 24 39 22 67 51 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 96 2 2 0 0 0 2 1 2 94 1 17 20 | 0 0
July 1003 34 25 40 22 69 51 <1 <1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 2 93 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 92 | 16 19 | 0 0
August 1004 34 26 39 23 68 54 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 94 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 95 | 16 20 | 0 0
September 1007 32 24 38 21 65 57 0 <1 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 2 81 13 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 95 | 13 19 | 0 0
October 1011 30 20 35 14 58 56 <1 1 1 0 27 3 1 | 0 0 1 38 29 0 0 0 0 4 1 4 89 2 7 18 0 | |
November 1014 26 15 31 11 55 52 1 1 1 0 48 22 3 1 1 1 0 13 12 1 0 0 1 3 | 11 82 2 7 16 0 0 0
December 1017 23 11 28 7 55 49 1 1 5 0 56 23 3 1 1 0 0 12 5 3 1 0 | 3 2 12 76 3 9 15 | 0 0
Means 1011 28 18 41* 6§ 59 50 1 1 _ _ 24 8 1 1 1 | 1 54 10 1 | | 1 3 2 7 85 1 12 18 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | |
Extreme values _ _ _ 43† 3‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.278
WMO No 62463 HURGHADA (27° 09′ N, 33° 43′ E) Height above MSL − 14 m
Climatic Table compiled from 12 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
1 mm or more
in each month
in each month
0800 1400
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0800
1400
0800
1400
0800
1400
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1017 22 12 25 7 51 40 2 2 0 0 1 0 | 1 | 5 72 20 1 48 6 7 1 0 1 7 27 2 12 13 | 0 0
February 1017 22 12 26 9 47 37 1 1 0 0 | 0 0 1 1 5 55 35 3 58 10 6 3 0 0 6 19 0 12 14 0 | |
March 1014 24 14 30 11 45 36 1 1 0 0 3 | 0 1 1 3 35 51 4 67 10 11 3 0 | 1 7 1 13 15 | | 0
CHAPTER 1
April 1011 29 18 36 13 37 31 1 2 0 0 15 1 2 5 2 2 10 59 5 60 11 18 4 1 0 | 6 0 12 15 1 | 0
39
May 1009 33 22 38 16 35 28 1 2 0 0 34 | 2 3 0 1 5 53 3 69 11 13 2 0 0 | 5 0 14 15 1 1 0
June 1006 35 25 41 21 36 28 0 0 0 0 37 0 1 0 0 | 3 58 1 82 4 3 1 0 0 0 10 0 16 18 | | |
July 1004 36 27 40 24 39 29 0 0 0 0 38 0 | 0 0 0 6 56 0 76 11 6 2 | 0 0 4 0 14 16 | | 0
August 1005 37 27 40 25 40 31 0 0 0 0 26 | 0 0 0 0 4 70 | 83 8 4 | 0 0 0 5 | 15 17 1 | |
September 1008 35 25 38 22 42 35 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 | 4 82 1 86 6 2 0 | 0 0 5 0 14 17 1 0 0
October 1012 32 22 35 18 46 40 <1 <1 2 0 6 1 | | 1 1 19 71 2 78 6 7 1 0 | 0 8 | 12 14 | | |
November 1015 27 18 32 14 48 41 1 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 | 2 49 44 2 64 11 9 1 1 | 1 13 0 12 12 | | 0
December 1017 23 13 27 10 51 42 2 2 1 0 | 0 0 0 0 4 63 31 1 62 7 5 1 0 | 3 22 | 12 12 | | 0
Means 1011 30 20 41* 6§ 43 35 1 1 _ _ 15 | 1 1 | 2 26 53 2 70 9 8 2 | | 1 10 | 13 15 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 2 |
Extreme values _ _ _ 43† 5‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.279
WMO No 62465 EL QUSEIR (26° 08′ N, 34° 09′ E) Height above MSL − 11 m
Climatic Table compiled from 18 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
1 mm or more
in each month
in each month
0800 1400
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0800
1400
0800
1400
0800
1400
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1018 22 15 25 12 50 47 2 2 0 0 10 | 1 | | 2 35 52 0 59 22 6 2 | 0 2 8 | 8 10 | | |
February 1017 22 15 26 12 46 44 1 1 0 0 14 | 1 | 1 2 31 50 1 52 27 6 4 0 | 5 6 0 8 11 | | 0
March 1015 24 17 29 14 47 49 1 2 0 0 38 1 | | 3 1 13 41 3 56 26 8 5 1 | 3 1 0 9 10 | | 0
CHAPTER 1
April 1012 27 20 33 17 46 50 1 1 0 0 65 1 | 4 2 | 3 20 3 57 24 7 7 1 | 2 2 | 10 10 | | |
40
May 1010 30 24 35 21 47 52 1 2 0 0 75 3 1 1 1 | 2 15 1 66 19 6 5 0 | 0 4 | 10 9 | 0 |
June 1007 32 26 36 23 49 51 0 0 0 0 86 1 | 0 | 0 1 12 | 84 10 2 1 0 0 0 3 | 11 9 | 0 0
July 1006 33 27 36 25 49 54 0 0 0 0 86 1 1 0 | 0 | 11 1 73 20 2 1 | 0 | 2 | 9 8 | | 0
August 1006 33 28 36 25 51 55 0 0 0 0 84 2 0 0 0 0 0 14 | 76 19 1 | | 0 | 3 | 10 8 | | 0
September 1009 32 26 35 23 52 56 0 0 0 0 81 | 0 | 0 | 1 18 0 83 14 | | | | | 1 0 10 9 | | 0
October 1013 30 24 33 20 52 56 <1 <1 1 0 60 | 0 | 1 | 5 32 1 75 19 2 | | 1 | 2 | 9 9 | 0 |
November 1015 27 20 30 15 51 52 1 1 1 1 25 1 1 0 1 1 19 51 1 68 21 3 2 1 | 2 5 0 7 9 | | |
December 1018 24 17 27 11 50 49 2 2 1 0 12 1 | | | 2 35 50 | 69 16 4 2 | 0 3 7 0 7 10 | | 0
Means 1012 28 22 37* 10§ 49 51 _ _ 53 1 | 1 1 1 12 30 1 68 20 4 3 | | 1 4 | 9 8 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 | |
Extreme values _ _ _ 45† 9‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.280
WMO No 62641 PORT SUDAN (19° 35′ N, 37° 13′ E) Height above MSL − 2 m
Climatic Table compiled from 18 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
1 mm or more
in each month
in each month
0800 1400
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0800
1400
0800
1400
0800
1400
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1015 27 20 29 16 66 62 5 4 7 1 71 2 1 1 0 1 3 17 5 17 61 16 4 0 1 0 2 0 9 12 | | 0
February 1014 27 18 30 14 64 61 4 3 1 0 67 5 1 0 1 0 2 16 9 10 58 28 4 1 0 1 0 0 8 10 | | 0
March 1012 29 19 33 14 60 57 2 2 1 0 51 7 2 1 3 1 4 18 13 16 48 32 2 0 1 1 1 0 7 12 | | 0
CHAPTER 1
April 1010 32 22 36 18 56 53 2 1 2 0 51 8 2 1 1 1 5 16 14 15 50 27 6 1 0 0 1 1 6 12 | 0 1
41
May 1008 35 24 39 20 44 42 2 2 1 0 40 12 4 5 6 2 3 14 15 8 49 36 6 1 0 0 1 1 5 11 | 1 0
June 1005 39 26 43 23 38 37 2 2 <1 0 26 12 6 5 5 5 5 13 23 7 44 42 5 0 0 1 1 2 4 10 1 | |
July 1004 42 29 45 25 39 37 2 3 4 1 5 4 5 5 9 16 16 5 35 5 20 36 20 3 3 8 5 0 6 10 1 2 1
August 1005 41 29 44 25 38 40 2 2 1 0 4 2 3 7 8 12 13 8 44 2 16 52 15 5 3 3 4 1 4 10 1 1 0
September 1007 38 27 42 24 48 45 3 2 <1 0 19 4 5 3 5 5 5 15 39 7 36 48 7 1 0 1 | 0 3 9 1 0 0
October 1010 34 26 38 23 67 60 3 2 14 1 43 8 3 2 2 4 2 18 17 6 47 36 9 0 0 | 1 1 5 9 | | |
November 1012 31 24 34 19 70 64 4 4 35 3 62 5 1 2 1 | 4 18 6 20 41 30 8 0 0 0 1 0 8 10 1 | 1
December 1014 29 22 31 18 68 63 5 4 10 1 68 3 2 1 | 0 1 18 6 23 43 25 6 | 0 | 2 0 9 10 1 1 0
Means 1010 34 24 45* 13§ 55 52 3 3 _ _ 43 6 3 3 3 4 5 15 18 12 43 33 7 1 1 1 2 | 6 10 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 5 3
Extreme values _ _ _ 46† 11‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.281
WMO No 63023 MASSAWA (15° 37′ N, 39° 27′ E) Height above MSL − 10 m
Climatic Table compiled from 10 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 1990
in each month
in each month
0900 1500
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0600
1500
0600
1500
0600
1500
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1012 29 19 32 16 78 69 5 4 31 5 2 0 1 2 4 5 51 17 17 19 44 25 3 2 1 3 2 3 5 12 0 0 0
February 1010 28 19 31 17 78 67 6 4 29 7 2 1 5 1 7 4 34 29 17 19 40 21 8 0 2 2 2 5 6 12 0 | 0
March 1008 30 20 34 17 75 64 5 3 15 3 9 1 4 5 5 6 29 22 19 19 55 17 3 0 1 1 2 2 6 14 0 0 2
CHAPTER 1
April 1007 32 21 36 19 70 62 4 3 13 2 17 2 8 5 1 3 11 28 24 12 62 22 2 0 0 1 0 1 5 15 0 0 2
42
May 1006 34 21 38 20 63 54 3 3 5 1 10 9 7 5 2 7 11 23 27 9 63 21 2 0 0 3 3 0 4 14 0 0 0
June 1003 38 24 42 21 51 47 3 2 0 0 9 3 3 1 2 3 24 24 31 23 48 21 3 0 1 0 3 1 5 14 0 0 0
July 1002 39 26 42 22 54 50 4 2 6 | 5 9 6 6 5 3 27 18 20 15 45 30 2 1 2 3 1 1 4 15 1 0 1
August 1002 39 28 43 25 53 50 4 2 8 1 6 5 5 7 5 8 26 21 18 6 49 31 9 0 1 2 3 1 4 14 1 1 0
September 1004 37 24 41 23 65 55 3 2 3 | 5 6 7 5 4 3 31 14 25 9 59 30 | 0 1 0 0 1 4 14 | 0 1
October 1008 35 22 37 20 70 58 2 2 16 2 4 9 5 8 11 5 16 20 23 6 64 27 1 0 1 0 0 1 4 14 | 0 2
November 1010 32 21 34 18 72 59 2 2 19 2 3 3 1 6 7 3 19 21 36 4 58 33 3 1 0 0 1 1 5 13 0 0 0
December 1011 29 20 33 17 77 68 5 3 37 4 1 2 3 2 8 2 44 21 17 14 50 28 3 1 1 1 0 2 6 13 | 2 0
Means 1007 33 22 44* 15§ 67 59 4 3 _ _ 6 4 5 4 5 4 28 21 23 13 53 26 3 | 1 1 1 2 5 14 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 27 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 3 8
Extreme values _ _ _ 46† 12‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.282
WMO No 63043 ÁSEB (13° 00′ N, 42° 44′ E) Height above MSL − 14 m
Climatic Table compiled from 12 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 1994
in each month
in each month
0900 1500
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0600
1500
0600
1500
0600
1500
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1015 28 23 29 21 76 60 3 2 6 1 1 1 8 67 13 1 2 3 5 4 11 44 37 0 0 1 3 1 16 23 6 0 0
February 1013 29 24 31 23 79 59 3 2 4 | 1 0 13 55 9 0 3 12 6 6 19 37 26 1 1 0 9 1 15 23 6 0 0
March 1012 30 25 32 24 73 52 3 2 2 0 4 1 12 60 3 1 5 7 6 14 14 29 35 1 0 0 8 0 15 24 6 1 0
CHAPTER 1
April 1010 31 26 34 25 68 54 3 3 2 0 2 2 14 62 8 0 2 5 6 6 12 35 38 1 0 1 6 3 10 21 4 0 1
43
1.283
WMO No 40199 EILAT (29° 33′ N, 34° 57′ E) Height above MSL − 12 m
Climatic Table compiled from 18 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
in each month
in each month
0800 1400
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0800
1400
0800
1400
0800
1400
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1018 21 10 25 6 59 33 3 3 5 1 46 32 0 0 2 | 1 10 9 40 29 4 5 11 3 3 5 1 7 9 | | |
February 1017 22 10 28 6 54 29 2 3 5 1 44 31 1 | 2 3 3 7 8 29 29 5 6 16 5 3 6 1 7 9 | | |
March 1014 26 14 31 9 49 26 2 3 4 1 51 30 1 1 4 1 1 7 5 29 27 2 7 22 4 3 4 1 9 10 | | |
CHAPTER 1
April 1012 31 18 38 13 38 19 2 2 3 1 47 35 1 1 5 1 1 5 4 31 24 3 6 28 2 2 3 1 10 10 0 0 |
44
May 1010 36 22 42 16 33 17 2 2 1 0 52 38 1 2 3 | | 3 1 40 23 2 6 24 2 1 3 0 11 10 | | |
June 1007 39 24 44 20 33 15 0 0 0 0 53 41 1 0 | | | 3 1 49 33 2 1 11 | 1 3 0 11 13 | | 0
July 1005 40 26 44 23 35 17 0 0 0 0 44 51 1 0 1 | | 2 1 37 39 1 2 19 | | 1 0 9 11 0 | 0
August 1006 40 26 43 23 40 19 0 0 0 0 55 41 | | | 0 0 2 1 49 38 | 3 8 1 0 1 0 10 12 0 | 0
September 1009 37 25 42 22 47 23 0 0 0 0 58 37 | 0 1 0 0 5 0 54 37 1 1 3 | | 3 0 11 12 0 | |
October 1013 33 21 39 16 51 27 1 1 3 0 60 32 1 | | 0 1 4 2 48 33 2 2 10 1 1 3 1 10 11 | | 1
November 1015 28 16 33 11 52 29 2 2 4 1 58 33 1 0 | 1 0 3 4 44 29 3 4 12 2 2 2 2 8 10 | | |
December 1018 22 11 27 7 58 34 3 3 6 1 53 35 | | 1 | 1 4 4 43 32 3 3 11 1 2 3 2 7 10 | | |
Means 1012 31 19 45* 5§ 46 24 1 2 _ _ 52 36 1 | 2 1 1 4 3 41 31 2 4 15 2 1 3 1 9 11 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | 1
Extreme values _ _ _ 47† 2‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.284
WMO No 40340 EL ÁQABA (29° 38′ N, 35° 01′ E) Height above MSL − 51 m
Climatic Table compiled from 18 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
in each month
in each month
0800 1400
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0800
1400
0800
1400
0800
1400
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1017 20 9 24 4 75 39 3 3 3 1 36 15 1 2 1 | | 7 38 48 5 1 1 6 3 4 19 15 5 10 1 1 |
February 1016 21 10 27 5 71 36 3 3 3 1 38 9 3 2 2 1 1 10 34 42 5 1 2 9 5 4 18 14 6 11 | | 0
March 1013 25 13 31 8 68 34 3 3 1 | 51 5 1 1 3 1 1 13 26 39 6 2 2 14 6 5 15 11 9 12 1 1 |
CHAPTER 1
April 1011 30 17 38 12 56 28 2 2 4 | 59 5 | 2 2 2 | 14 14 44 3 1 1 14 6 5 17 9 11 12 | 1 |
45
May 1009 35 21 42 15 50 26 2 2 | 0 70 2 | 1 2 | 0 16 8 52 3 1 1 10 5 3 19 6 12 13 1 | |
June 1007 38 24 43 20 51 26 0 0 0 0 74 4 0 0 0 | 1 15 7 64 4 | 0 4 2 1 20 4 13 15 1 | |
July 1004 40 25 43 21 52 28 0 0 0 0 64 4 1 | | | | 23 8 53 8 | | 6 1 2 25 6 11 12 | 0 |
August 1005 39 26 42 22 59 30 0 0 0 0 69 5 0 0 | | | 20 5 64 4 1 | 2 1 1 23 4 12 14 1 1 |
September 1008 37 24 39 21 66 33 0 0 0 0 76 6 0 | | | 0 14 3 67 6 0 0 3 1 1 20 2 13 15 1 | |
October 1012 32 20 38 15 67 35 1 1 1 0 61 8 2 | | | | 17 12 59 5 1 | 5 2 1 21 6 10 13 1 | |
November 1015 27 15 32 12 68 37 2 2 1 | 50 11 1 1 0 0 1 10 27 52 3 1 1 6 3 2 19 14 6 11 1 1 |
December 1017 22 10 27 6 74 41 3 3 10 3 42 13 | 1 2 1 | 8 34 55 2 0 1 6 2 2 20 13 5 11 1 | |
Means 1011 31 18 45* 3§ 63 33 2 2 _ _ 57 7 1 1 1 1 | 14 18 53 4 1 1 7 3 2 20 9 9 12 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 5 |
Extreme values _ _ _ 48† 1‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.285
WMO No 41024 JEDDAH AIRPORT (21° 42′ N, 39° 11′ E) Height above MSL − 17 m
Climatic Table compiled from 18 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
in each month
in each month
0900 1500
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0600
1500
0900
1500
0900
1500
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1014 29 18 33 14 72 44 2 2 14 3 25 34 6 4 3 1 1 2 26 9 3 1 | 2 20 23 41 1 6 12 | | |
February 1013 29 17 34 14 75 42 2 2 6 1 39 26 4 4 2 1 1 3 21 6 2 | | 1 14 26 51 | 7 13 0 | |
March 1010 31 19 36 14 75 41 1 1 1 | 46 9 2 3 5 1 1 14 19 4 1 | | 4 13 28 49 | 7 14 | | |
CHAPTER 1
April 1008 35 22 40 16 71 40 1 1 5 1 38 5 4 5 8 3 1 17 17 2 | | | 3 22 36 37 | 7 13 | | 1
46
May 1007 37 24 43 20 72 40 1 1 2 | 39 2 2 2 6 2 2 32 12 2 | 0 0 1 14 34 49 | 7 13 | | |
June 1004 38 24 44 21 78 41 0 0 0 0 46 3 0 | 2 2 4 32 12 1 0 0 0 0 6 35 58 0 7 13 | | 0
July 1003 39 26 43 23 74 36 <1 <1 <1 | 45 5 | 2 4 3 7 24 11 2 0 0 0 | 7 41 51 0 6 13 | | 0
August 1003 39 27 42 24 77 42 <1 <1 0 0 38 3 | 3 4 3 10 28 11 1 0 0 0 1 8 39 51 0 7 13 | | |
September 1005 37 26 42 23 83 51 <1 <1 0 0 35 3 | 2 3 3 4 31 19 1 | 0 0 | 11 51 37 0 6 13 | 1 |
October 1009 37 24 42 21 82 49 <1 <1 2 | 42 9 3 3 3 1 1 11 28 | 1 | | 1 18 55 24 0 5 12 0 | |
November 1012 33 22 37 19 79 49 2 2 12 3 38 15 6 4 3 1 | 3 30 3 1 1 1 2 22 42 27 1 5 12 | 1 2
December 1013 31 20 34 15 74 47 2 2 12 3 33 31 8 5 2 0 | 1 20 8 3 | | 4 17 26 41 | 6 12 | | 1
Means 1008 35 22 46* 13§ 76 44 1 1 _ _ 38 12 3 3 4 2 3 17 18 3 1 | | 2 14 37 43 | 6 13 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | 3 4
Extreme values _ _ _ 49† 11‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.286
WMO No 41431 UDAYDAH (14° 45′ N, 42° 59′ E) Height above MSL − 115 m
Climatic Table compiled from 9 to 30 years observations, 1940 to 2000
in each month
in each month
0900 1500
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0900
1500
0900
1500
0900
1500
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1013 28 19 31 17 77 67 2 1 5 0 0 0 11 36 0 3 3 47 2 0 0 2 65 15 11 4 0 5 11
February 1012 28 21 32 20 72 66 3 1 5 4 0 4 4 39 4 2 2 41 0 0 0 0 43 25 27 4 2 6 11
March 1010 30 23 34 21 76 66 3 1 3 0 2 0 4 36 9 6 2 40 0 0 0 2 39 20 29 4 6 6 11
CHAPTER 1
April 1009 32 25 37 23 75 66 3 2 3 0 0 0 4 44 2 7 2 41 0 0 0 0 45 25 25 2 4 8 10
47
May 1006 35 27 39 26 78 67 2 1 2 2 2 0 0 27 11 7 7 43 0 0 0 0 17 29 42 6 6 6 11
June 1003 36 28 40 26 77 68 3 1 1 0 0 0 2 20 20 20 8 29 2 0 0 0 5 18 63 7 5 6 11
July 1003 37 30 41 28 71 65 3 3 13 7 0 0 1 10 10 18 17 38 1 0 0 0 1 12 64 16 6 6 12
August 1004 36 28 39 24 71 69 3 4 18 6 4 3 6 9 13 6 7 46 1 1 0 1 3 22 57 8 6 5 10
September 1005 36 27 40 24 73 71 2 4 3 3 1 1 0 18 7 10 7 52 0 1 1 0 10 26 54 3 4 4 10
October 1009 34 26 39 23 72 68 1 3 3 2 0 0 3 26 6 0 4 58 0 0 1 0 15 41 35 4 5 4 10
November 1011 31 22 34 20 69 63 1 1 10 0 0 1 9 56 3 0 0 31 2 0 0 0 61 36 2 0 0 7 11
December 1013 28 20 32 19 74 66 1 1 23 0 0 2 5 46 0 0 2 46 0 0 0 0 64 24 13 0 0 6 11
Means 1008 33 25 −* 17§ 74 67 2 2 _ _ 2 1 1 4 29 7 7 5 44 1 | | | 28 25 37 5 4 6 11 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Extreme values _ _ _ 41† 16‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.287
WMO No 41480 ADEN (12° 50′ N, 45° 02′ E) Height above MSL − 3 m
Climatic Table compiled from 11 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
in each month
in each month
0900 1500
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0900
1500
0900
1500
0900
1500
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1016 29 23 30 21 76 64 5 4 8 3 11 12 66 3 0 0 0 | 8 0 4 83 13 0 0 0 0 | 10 13 0 0 0
February 1015 29 23 30 20 78 64 4 3 4 1 10 11 60 1 0 0 0 2 15 0 1 75 23 1 0 0 0 0 9 12 0 0 0
March 1013 31 25 32 22 79 64 4 3 7 2 10 9 63 1 0 | | 3 14 0 0 71 27 1 | | 0 0 9 13 0 0 |
CHAPTER 1
April 1011 32 26 34 22 80 65 4 3 3 1 9 6 68 2 0 0 0 2 13 0 1 66 32 1 | 0 0 | 9 13 0 | |
48
May 1008 35 28 36 24 81 62 4 2 2 | 12 14 35 8 1 4 4 5 20 0 1 36 49 3 11 | 0 0 6 12 0 | |
June 1004 37 29 38 26 75 54 3 2 1 | 14 9 10 11 5 11 9 7 24 0 | 12 33 7 46 2 0 0 6 12 | 1 |
July 1003 37 29 38 27 76 57 4 2 3 1 5 8 11 11 6 27 9 3 19 0 | 4 11 6 75 2 | | 8 14 | 2 1
August 1004 36 27 38 25 77 57 4 2 3 1 4 7 11 12 4 33 10 3 16 0 | 5 11 5 74 4 1 | 8 14 | 2 2
September 1006 36 27 37 25 79 59 3 2 4 1 15 9 22 10 2 9 8 6 19 | | 21 38 2 34 4 0 0 6 12 | 1 1
October 1011 34 26 35 22 77 58 2 1 2 1 24 14 24 1 | | 3 4 30 0 | 46 48 3 3 | 0 0 6 12 0 1 |
November 1014 32 23 33 20 78 62 3 2 3 1 24 15 41 1 0 0 | 1 18 0 | 76 24 0 0 0 0 0 9 13 0 1 0
December 1017 30 23 31 19 76 63 4 3 5 2 23 13 54 1 0 0 0 2 8 0 2 80 18 0 0 0 0 0 10 13 0 0 0
Means 1009 33 26 39* 17§ 78 61 4 2 _ _ 13 10 38 5 2 8 4 3 17 | 1 47 27 3 21 1 | | 8 13 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 14 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 8 4
Extreme values _ _ _ 43† 15‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.288
WMO No 41443 AR RAYY N (14° 39′ N, 49° 20′ E) Height above MSL − 25 m
Climatic Table compiled from 10 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
in each month
in each month
0900 1500
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0900
1500
0900
1500
0900
1500
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1016 28 19 31 16 58 56 2 1 8 3 8 33 16 3 2 1 0 17 21 0 0 5 82 12 1 0 0 0 5 10 0 | 0
February 1015 29 20 30 17 65 60 2 2 2 1 11 24 32 8 2 0 0 7 17 0 0 3 74 22 0 0 1 0 4 9 0 1 0
March 1013 30 21 32 19 65 61 3 1 19 2 6 18 44 13 3 2 0 0 13 2 0 4 74 20 0 0 0 0 5 9 0 | |
CHAPTER 1
April 1011 32 23 34 20 64 62 2 1 3 1 3 5 26 44 8 2 0 2 11 0 0 2 75 19 2 0 0 0 7 9 0 | 1
49
May 1008 34 25 36 22 68 65 2 1 2 1 0 4 25 51 11 0 1 1 7 0 0 2 60 32 7 0 0 0 7 10 0 | 1
June 1004 35 26 38 24 69 63 2 1 2 | 5 4 27 40 14 2 0 0 8 0 0 1 25 29 45 0 0 0 6 12 2 | |
July 1002 34 25 35 23 67 62 2 1 3 1 2 7 35 42 5 4 0 1 5 0 0 2 20 17 62 0 0 0 6 14 0 1 1
August 1003 34 24 35 22 69 68 2 1 4 1 1 12 35 37 5 4 2 0 4 0 0 2 35 21 41 0 1 0 7 12 0 | 1
September 1007 33 25 34 21 71 65 4 2 <1 1 0 6 49 33 6 1 0 1 4 0 0 7 65 20 8 0 0 0 7 10 0 1 1
October 1012 32 23 34 19 65 58 2 1 1 1 1 5 36 31 9 3 0 1 13 1 0 10 61 22 6 1 0 0 6 9 1 | 1
November 1014 31 21 33 18 55 55 1 1 12 1 9 22 21 9 8 0 0 5 24 0 0 3 70 25 2 0 0 0 4 9 0 0 0
December 1016 30 20 31 16 55 54 2 1 8 1 15 27 22 1 0 1 1 14 19 0 0 7 79 13 0 1 0 1 5 10 0 | 0
Means 1010 32 23 37* 15§ 64 61 2 1 _ _ 5 14 31 26 6 2 | 4 12 | 0 4 61 21 14 | | | 6 10 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 14 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 2 6
Extreme values _ _ _ 44† 13‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.289
WMO No 41316 SALALAH (17° 02′ N, 54° 05′ E) Height above MSL − 25 m
Climatic Table compiled from 10 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
in each month
in each month
1000 1600
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0700
1600
0700
1600
0700
1600
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1017 28 19 31 14 58 48 2 2 2 1 27 11 14 14 8 6 1 6 14 17 | 2 32 42 2 0 5 0 6 10 | | |
February 1015 29 20 33 17 60 50 3 2 3 1 20 6 9 17 20 10 1 3 14 10 3 1 17 58 7 1 3 0 5 10 | | 0
March 1014 30 22 35 18 65 54 3 2 5 1 13 3 4 17 32 18 1 2 10 6 | 1 15 69 8 0 2 0 4 9 | | |
CHAPTER 1
April 1011 32 24 37 21 72 60 3 2 9 1 5 2 1 8 50 24 2 1 7 1 1 0 5 73 19 0 1 | 3 10 | | 1
50
May 1008 33 26 37 24 80 68 3 2 15 3 1 0 1 5 53 36 1 | 3 1 0 | 3 68 29 0 0 0 2 12 0 | |
June 1004 32 27 36 25 86 75 6 4 7 2 1 0 | 2 61 33 1 | 2 | 0 0 1 56 42 0 0 0 4 13 0 | |
July 1003 29 25 31 23 94 82 8 7 28 20 | 1 1 16 61 18 | | 2 0 0 0 11 61 28 0 0 1 4 10 | | |
August 1005 27 23 30 23 95 84 8 7 27 18 0 | 1 24 54 14 1 0 6 0 0 0 7 66 27 0 0 0 4 9 | 2 1
September 1008 29 24 31 22 87 75 7 4 4 2 | 1 2 11 51 29 1 1 4 0 0 0 3 71 26 0 0 | 3 11 | | |
October 1012 30 23 35 19 70 61 2 1 7 2 2 1 6 14 37 29 2 | 10 0 | | 15 68 16 0 | 0 3 9 | 0 |
November 1015 31 21 35 18 59 53 1 2 4 2 16 7 14 26 15 10 | 2 9 4 1 2 50 37 5 0 | | 4 8 0 | |
December 1017 29 20 32 17 59 48 2 2 2 1 32 13 14 14 6 3 1 4 14 19 3 1 38 32 3 0 3 | 6 9 | | |
Means 1011 30 23 40* 13§ 74 63 4 3 _ _ 10 4 5 14 37 19 1 2 8 5 1 1 16 58 18 | 1 | 4 10 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 54 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 2
Extreme values _ _ _ 45† 10‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.290
WMO No 41288 MARAH (20° 40′ N, 58° 54′ E) Height above MSL − 19 m
Climatic Table compiled from 17 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
in each month
in each month
1000 1600
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0700
1600
0700
1600
0700
1600
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1017 27 18 30 14 80 58 2 2 4 1 9 19 16 10 1 3 17 21 5 3 23 38 19 2 7 3 4 3 6 9 | | |
February 1016 28 19 31 15 82 59 2 2 7 1 4 7 15 15 3 8 24 16 8 1 10 36 32 2 12 3 2 2 6 9 | | |
March 1013 30 21 34 17 84 57 2 2 10 2 4 4 8 15 3 19 27 14 6 | 5 20 37 5 23 8 2 1 5 10 | | |
CHAPTER 1
April 1010 34 24 38 20 83 52 2 2 8 1 4 1 4 7 1 44 30 5 4 | 2 9 31 8 44 4 1 1 7 11 | | |
51
May 1007 36 26 41 24 83 52 2 1 1 | 2 1 2 2 1 70 17 3 1 0 1 4 18 13 62 2 0 0 11 12 | | 0
June 1001 35 26 40 24 88 59 4 1 2 | 2 2 3 5 3 71 9 2 3 | 1 5 17 13 62 2 | | 13 14 1 1 |
July 1000 32 24 38 22 89 64 5 2 3 | | 1 2 3 6 84 2 | 1 1 1 2 9 15 71 | | 0 16 16 2 1 |
August 1002 31 23 35 22 90 66 6 2 2 | | 1 1 8 10 77 2 | 1 0 0 2 15 21 60 | | | 13 14 | 1 0
September 1007 31 23 35 22 89 65 5 1 <1 | 0 1 4 11 6 61 15 | 2 | | 2 25 12 58 2 0 | 9 12 | | 0
October 1012 32 23 37 21 88 58 2 <1 1 | 11 12 6 7 1 19 28 12 6 0 8 20 43 4 22 2 | 2 5 9 0 1 |
November 1015 30 22 34 20 83 60 2 1 1 | 17 24 17 6 | 7 10 14 7 1 25 42 22 1 6 | | 2 5 9 | | 0
December 1017 28 20 30 17 82 62 3 2 6 1 13 29 16 9 2 4 10 11 8 2 35 36 16 1 3 3 1 4 6 9 | | |
Means 1010 31 22 42* 13§ 85 59 3 2 _ _ 5 9 8 8 3 39 16 8 4 1 9 18 24 8 36 2 1 1 8 11 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 4 |
Extreme values _ _ _ 46† 9‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.291
WMO No 63125 DJIBOUTI (11° 33′ N, 43° 09′ E) Height above MSL − 19 m
Climatic Table compiled from 16 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
in each month
in each month
0900 1500
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0600
1500
0600
1500
0600
1500
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1015 29 22 31 20 84 60 4 2 10 3 1 1 22 30 29 7 0 0 10 1 6 76 14 | 1 | 0 | 3 10 | 1 0
February 1013 30 23 31 19 82 61 5 2 19 4 1 6 34 38 11 2 0 1 6 1 13 75 10 1 0 0 1 1 4 9 1 2 0
March 1011 31 24 32 21 83 64 5 3 20 4 1 12 47 27 7 0 1 0 5 1 19 70 6 | 1 1 | 1 3 10 0 1 1
CHAPTER 1
April 1010 33 26 35 23 86 65 4 3 29 5 3 16 49 17 3 2 1 1 9 1 30 62 3 1 | 0 1 2 2 8 | 1 1
52
May 1007 35 27 39 24 83 60 3 2 17 3 7 18 35 11 6 5 2 4 14 1 25 64 7 1 1 0 | 1 1 9 0 1 1
June 1004 39 29 43 25 64 51 3 2 <1 | 14 20 20 7 5 2 10 17 7 4 14 61 12 0 0 | 7 2 2 9 | 1 0
July 1003 42 31 45 26 54 39 3 2 6 2 8 10 10 4 4 3 39 20 2 10 5 35 6 2 2 8 30 1 3 10 1 3 1
August 1003 42 31 44 27 53 40 3 2 6 2 10 9 9 2 3 4 39 17 5 9 10 30 7 1 2 13 28 | 5 10 1 3 |
September 1006 37 29 42 25 73 56 4 2 3 1 8 14 26 7 11 4 10 8 13 3 19 70 5 0 1 1 1 0 2 10 | 1 |
October 1011 34 26 36 23 77 56 3 2 20 4 1 4 43 35 9 2 | 0 5 0 11 81 7 | 0 0 0 | 3 9 | 1 1
November 1014 30 23 32 21 80 58 2 2 22 4 1 3 26 51 13 1 1 0 4 | 4 86 8 | | 0 | 0 3 9 | 2 0
December 1015 30 22 30 20 83 60 3 2 11 2 1 2 19 41 25 4 2 | 5 | 5 70 22 1 0 | 0 1 3 10 1 1 0
Means 1009 34 26 45* 18§ 75 56 4 2 _ _ 5 9 28 23 10 3 9 6 7 3 13 65 9 1 1 2 5 1 3 9 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 34 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 18 5
Extreme values _ _ _ 46† 16‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.292
WMO No 63160 BERBERA (10° 25′ N, 45° 01′ E) Height above MSL − 9 m
Climatic Table compiled from 5 to 30 years observations, 1941 to 2000
in each month
in each month
0900 1500
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0600
1500
0900
1500
0900
1500
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1015 29 20 31 17 87 69 3 2 8 1 0 3 6 22 12 3 7 0 47 19 78 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 13 1
February 1014 29 20 31 18 87 70 3 2 3 1 2 5 2 9 7 8 5 | 63 16 80 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 3 12 1
March 1011 30 22 32 21 86 71 3 3 5 1 1 2 1 4 8 7 11 2 64 22 73 5 | 0 0 0 | 0 3 12 |
CHAPTER 1
April 1009 32 25 34 22 89 73 2 3 13 1 4 2 0 1 1 14 11 6 61 15 73 5 1 1 2 1 1 1 7 13 |
53
May 1008 36 27 42 24 80 66 2 2 8 1 2 2 2 2 2 16 7 2 65 22 61 2 1 0 3 1 9 2 − 12 1
June 1005 42 30 44 27 51 46 1 1 | | 0 | 0 1 4 80 0 | 14 22 21 0 0 0 25 11 19 2 − 13 11
July 1004 42 32 44 28 45 43 1 2 | | 0 0 0 0 1 97 0 0 2 9 1 0 0 0 44 21 24 1 − 14 19
August 1005 41 31 43 27 44 46 2 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 | 98 | 0 2 24 5 0 0 0 19 20 30 1 − 13 13
September 1007 39 29 42 25 52 50 2 3 | | 1 2 4 4 1 53 2 0 33 29 29 0 4 0 4 7 26 1 − 13 3
October 1011 33 24 37 21 78 65 3 2 3 | 1 2 3 17 9 6 2 2 58 24 71 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 5 10 0
November 1014 31 22 33 19 81 66 3 3 5 | 1 1 4 26 9 3 1 2 53 20 76 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 4 12 |
December 1015 29 20 32 18 84 68 4 3 5 | 0 7 3 24 13 2 4 0 47 23 74 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 13 |
Means 1010 34 25 44* 17§ 72 61 _ _ 1 2 2 9 6 32 4 1 43 20 54 1 1 0 8 5 10 1 − 13 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49
Extreme values _ _ _ 47† 14‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.293
WMO No 63210 BOOSAASO (11° 17′ N, 49° 11′ E) Height above MSL − 2 m
Climatic Table compiled from 16 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 1998
in each month
in each month
0900
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0900
1500
0900
1500
0900
1500
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
CHAPTER 1
April 1012 34 24 63 72 1 1 <1 | 8 15 6 12 41 6 5 2 5 13 _
54
May 1012 37 26 60 71 1 1 1 | 8 9 9 6 58 2 3 6 0 13 _
June 1008 40 31 65 61 1 1 0 0 0 6 12 44 23 2 8 2 4 21 _
July 1009 40 32 69 46 <1 1 <1 | 0 0 0 63 25 8 4 0 0 25 _
August 1012 40 30 48 61 <1 2 0 0 0 0 0 38 57 0 5 0 0 19 13
September 1011 38 28 55 67 <1 3 1 | 5 8 3 24 47 3 5 5 0 14 6
October 1011 32 23 67 73 1 4 3 1 17 13 2 8 28 18 6 2 6 9 7
November 1011 26 20 73 74 2 4 4 2 9 7 5 11 23 11 4 14 16 5 8
December 1014 26 21 76 71 2 5 1 | 12 9 12 0 21 23 0 15 9 13 12
Means 1012 34 24 _* § 66 67 1 2 _ _ 8 8 5 17 34 8 6 6 7 13 _ _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Extreme values _ _ _ 45† 16‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.294
WMO No 41494 SUQU RÁ (AIRFIELD) (12° 38′ N, 53° 54′ E) Height above MSL − 47 m
Climatic Table compiled from 9 to 30 years observations, 1960 to 2000
in each month
in each month
0900
Mean highest
Mean lowest
daily min.
daily max.
Thunder
Average
Mean
Mean
Gale
0900
1500
0900
1500
0900
1500
Fog
fall
Calm
Calm
NW
SW
NW
SW
NE
SE
SE
NE
W
W
E
N
S
N
hPa °C °C °C °C % % Oktas mm Knots
January 1014 28 22 29 20 66 66 3 3 3 1 5 82 5 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 95 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 13
February 1014 28 21 31 19 67 63 2 2 3 1 8 72 9 0 0 0 0 2 9 4 86 7 0 0 0 4 0 0 10 14
March 1013 30 21 32 20 64 64 1 3 10 1 13 58 7 0 1 0 0 6 15 14 76 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 15
CHAPTER 1
April 1011 32 23 34 22 63 62 1 3 0 0 16 51 1 | 2 6 0 11 12 23 63 0 0 7 3 3 0 0 7 14
55
May 1009 34 25 38 23 57 54 2 3 3 | 9 23 2 2 14 38 5 4 3 5 21 7 2 17 43 2 0 2 13 16
June 1006 33 26 37 24 60 54 3 2 31 1 0 1 0 1 34 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 28 67 2 0 0 29 25
July 1004 32 25 33 23 61 55 3 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 34 61 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 72 0 0 0 36 30
August 1006 32 25 34 23 59 52 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 53 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 72 0 0 0 32 28
September 1007 32 25 34 24 60 54 2 2 3 | 1 0 0 1 33 60 5 0 1 0 4 2 0 20 67 2 4 0 23 20
October 1011 30 24 33 22 66 64 3 4 10 2 12 32 3 1 13 19 4 8 8 15 52 13 0 9 6 0 4 2 11 13
November 1012 29 22 31 21 67 70 3 4 51 6 12 60 21 1 0 0 0 2 5 5 77 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 14
December 1014 28 22 30 20 67 67 3 5 81 5 4 73 20 | 0 0 0 0 3 3 59 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 16
Means 1010 31 23 38* 19§ 65 60 2 3 _ _ 6 35 6 1 16 26 2 3 5 6 39 8 1 13 31 1 1 | 17 19 _ _ _
Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Extreme values _ _ _ 39† 18‡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
No. of years
observations 9 30 9/10 9 9 10 9 9 9 −
1.295
METEOROLOGICAL CONVERSION TABLE AND SCALES
Fahrenheit to Celsius
°Fahrenheit
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
°F Degrees Celsius
−100 −73⋅3 −73⋅9 −74⋅4 −75⋅0 −75⋅6 −76⋅1 −76⋅7 −77⋅2 −77⋅8 −78⋅3
−90 −67⋅8 −68⋅3 −68⋅9 −69⋅4 −70⋅0 −70⋅6 −71⋅1 −71⋅7 −72⋅2 −72⋅8
−80 −62⋅2 −62⋅8 −63⋅3 −63⋅9 −64⋅4 −65⋅0 −65⋅6 −66⋅1 −66⋅7 −67⋅2
−70 −56⋅7 −57⋅2 −57⋅8 −58⋅3 −58⋅9 −59⋅4 −60⋅0 −60⋅6 −61⋅1 −61⋅7
−60 −51⋅1 −51⋅7 −52⋅2 −52⋅8 −53⋅3 −53⋅9 −54⋅4 −55⋅0 −55⋅6 −56⋅1
−50 −45⋅6 −46⋅1 −46⋅7 −47⋅2 −47⋅8 −48⋅3 −48⋅9 −49⋅4 −50⋅0 −50⋅6
−40 −40⋅0 −40⋅6 −41⋅1 −41⋅7 −42⋅2 −42⋅8 −43⋅3 −43⋅9 −44⋅4 −45⋅0
−30 −34⋅4 −35⋅0 −35⋅6 −36⋅1 −36⋅7 −37⋅2 −37⋅8 −38⋅3 −38⋅9 −39⋅4
−20 −28⋅9 −29⋅4 −30⋅0 −30⋅6 −31⋅1 −31⋅7 −32⋅2 −32⋅8 −33⋅3 −33⋅9
−10 −23⋅3 −23⋅9 −24⋅4 −25⋅0 −25⋅6 −26⋅1 −26⋅7 −27⋅2 −27⋅8 −28⋅3
−0 −17⋅8 −18⋅3 −18⋅9 −19⋅4 −20⋅0 −20⋅6 −21⋅1 −21⋅7 −22⋅2 −22⋅8
+0 −17⋅8 −17⋅2 −16⋅7 −16⋅1 −15⋅6 −15⋅0 −14⋅4 −13⋅9 −13⋅3 −12⋅8
10 −12⋅2 −11⋅7 −11⋅1 −10⋅6 −10⋅0 −9⋅4 −8⋅9 −8⋅3 −7⋅8 −7⋅2
20 −6⋅7 −6⋅1 −5⋅6 −5⋅0 −4⋅4 −3⋅9 −3⋅3 −2⋅8 −2⋅2 −1⋅7
30 −1⋅1 −0⋅6 0 +0⋅6 +1⋅1 +1⋅7 +2⋅2 +2⋅8 +3⋅3 +3⋅9
40 +4⋅4 +5⋅0 +5⋅6 6⋅1 6⋅7 7⋅2 7⋅8 8⋅3 8⋅9 9⋅4
50 10⋅0 10⋅6 11⋅1 11⋅7 12⋅2 12⋅8 13⋅3 13⋅9 14⋅4 15⋅0
60 15⋅6 16⋅1 16⋅7 17⋅2 17⋅8 18⋅3 18⋅9 19⋅4 20⋅0 20⋅6
70 21⋅1 21⋅7 22⋅2 22⋅8 23⋅3 23⋅9 24⋅4 25⋅0 25⋅6 26⋅1
80 26⋅7 27⋅2 27⋅8 28⋅3 28⋅9 29⋅4 30⋅0 30⋅6 31⋅1 31⋅7
90 32⋅2 32⋅8 33⋅3 33⋅9 34⋅4 35⋅0 35⋅6 36⋅1 36⋅7 37⋅2
100 37⋅8 38⋅3 38⋅9 39⋅4 40⋅0 40⋅6 41⋅1 41⋅7 42⋅2 42⋅8
110 43⋅3 43⋅9 44⋅4 45⋅0 45⋅6 46⋅1 46⋅7 47⋅2 47⋅8 48⋅3
120 48⋅9 49⋅4 50⋅0 50⋅6 51⋅1 51⋅7 52⋅2 52⋅8 53⋅3 53⋅9
Celsius to Fahrenheit
°Celsius
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
°C Degrees Fahrenheit
−70 −94⋅0 −95⋅8 −97⋅6 −99⋅4 −101⋅2 −103⋅0 −104⋅8 −106⋅6 −108⋅4 −110⋅2
−60 −76⋅0 −77⋅8 −79⋅6 −81⋅4 −83⋅2 −85⋅0 −86⋅8 −88⋅6 −90⋅4 −92⋅2
−50 −58⋅0 −59⋅8 −61⋅6 −63⋅4 −65⋅2 −67⋅0 −68⋅8 −70⋅6 −72⋅4 −74⋅2
−40 −40⋅0 −41⋅8 −43⋅6 −45⋅4 −47⋅2 −49⋅0 −50⋅8 −52⋅6 −54⋅4 −56⋅2
−30 −22⋅0 −23⋅8 −25⋅6 −27⋅4 −29⋅2 −31⋅0 −32⋅8 −34⋅6 −36⋅4 −38⋅2
−20 −4⋅0 −5⋅8 −7⋅6 −9⋅4 −11⋅2 −13⋅0 −14⋅8 −16⋅6 18⋅4 −20⋅2
−10 +14⋅0 +12⋅2 +10⋅4 +8⋅6 +6⋅8 +5⋅0 +3⋅2 +1⋅4 −0⋅4 −2⋅2
−0 32⋅0 30⋅2 28⋅4 26⋅6 24⋅8 23⋅0 21⋅2 19⋅4 +17⋅6 +15⋅8
+0 32⋅0 33⋅8 35⋅6 37⋅4 39⋅2 41⋅0 42⋅8 44⋅6 46⋅4 48⋅2
10 50⋅0 51⋅8 53⋅6 55⋅4 57⋅2 59⋅0 60⋅8 62⋅6 64⋅4 66⋅2
20 68⋅0 69⋅8 71⋅6 73⋅4 75⋅2 77⋅0 78⋅8 80⋅6 82⋅4 84⋅2
30 86⋅0 87⋅8 89⋅6 91⋅4 93⋅2 95⋅0 96⋅8 98⋅6 100⋅4 102⋅2
40 104⋅0 105⋅8 107⋅6 109⋅4 111⋅2 113⋅0 114⋅8 116⋅6 118⋅4 120⋅2
50 122⋅0 123⋅8 125⋅6 127⋅4 129⋅2 131⋅0 132⋅8 134⋅6 136⋅4 138⋅2
HECTOPASCALS TO INCHES
HECTOPASCALS
950 960 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050
28 29 INCHES 30 31
20 30 40 60 70 80 90 110 120
0 5 10 50 100
inches
56
Home Contents Index
NOTES
57
Home Contents Index
5
20' 20'
2.14
233 233
Ismailia
Port
233
Said
240
240
2.1
66
30' 30'
241
ss
By-pa
10' 10'
aid
Por t S
Gr eat Bi tter
Lake
20' 2.1
73 20'
31° 31°
2.139
rî t
233
K ab
El Little
233 Bitter
Lake
10' 10'
El Qantara
50' 50'
2.190
El Ballâh
By-pass
233
30° 30°
2098
2.280
Suez
2.145
Suez Bay
233
58
Home Contents Index
CHAPTER 2
SUEZ CANAL, PORT OF SUEZ (BÛR EL SUWEIS) AND SUEZ BAY
(BAHR EL QULZUM)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Charts 233, 234, 3214 the Suez Canal, to Port of Suez (Bûr el Suweis) (29°57′N,
Scope of the chapter 32°33′E) and thence into Suez Bay (Bahr el Qulzum).
2.1 It is divided into the following sections:
1 The area described in this chapter extends from Port Said Suez Canal (2.2).
Harbour (Bûr Sa‘îd Harbour) (31°16′N, 32°19′E), Suez Bay (2.202).
(Mediterranean Pilot, Volume V), S along the full length of Port of Suez (2.280).
SUEZ CANAL
GENERAL INFORMATION Free port
2.5
Charts 233, 234
1 The canal area is a free port.
2.2
History Traffic
1 The Suez Canal, known to the Egyptians as Qanât el 2.6
Suweis, was first opened for traffic on the 17th November 1 Approximately 260 000 000 tonnes of cargo are shipped
1869. through the canal annually.
By the Convention of Constantinople, which came into
force on the 29th October 1888, the canal is open to all Cautions
vessels of all nations and is free from blockade except in the 2.7
time of war. 1 Dredgers may be encountered in any part of the canal
2 In July 1956 the canal was nationalised by the Egyptian and in its approaches.
Government which action precipitated the 1956 Suez Canal 2.8
Crisis resulting in the canal being closed to traffic until April 1 Aids to navigation, particularly buoyant light-beacons,
1957. may be temporarily removed, displaced or changed within
In June 1967 the Suez Canal was once again closed to any part of the canal.
traffic as a result of the Arab/Israeli war, this time not
re-opening again to international shipping until June 1975. Canal dimensions
3 Between 1979 and 1982 extensive dredging and widening 2.9
was carried out resulting in a number of improvements 1 In 2002 the minimum dimensions of the sections of the
which included the completion of the Port Said By-pass Suez Canal were:
(2.141); the construction of El Ballâh East Branch (2.148) Width of canal at
and El Ballâh West Branch (2.149); the Lake Timsah Section Depth
14/19 m depth
By-pass (2.164) and Lake Timsah West Branch (2.160); the
Deversoir By-pass East Branch (2.170) and Deversoir Port Said to Km 17 14⋅8 m 201 m
By-pass West Branch (2.171) which both form the N Port Said By-pass 23⋅5 m 146 m
approach to the Great Bitter Lake (2.174); the East Branch Km 17 to Km 51 23⋅5 m 146 m
(2.176) and West Branch (2.177) through the Great Bitter
Lake; and El Kabrît East Branch (2.188) and El Kabrît West El Ballâh West Branch Km 51⋅5 18⋅5 m 146 m
Branch (2.189). to Km 51⋅8
El Ballâh West Branch Km 51⋅8 18⋅5 m 146 m
Regulations to Km 59⋅9
2.3
1 Regulations governing the navigation of the Suez Canal El Ballâh West Branch Km 59⋅9 18⋅5 m 146 m
and its ports are issued by the Suez Canal Authority; these to Km 60⋅5
regulations are applicable to both warships and merchant El Ballâh East Branch 23⋅5 m 146 m
vessels.
Km 61 to Km 76 23⋅5 m 162 m to 182 m
Tur‘et el Abbâsa Lake Timsah West Branch 15⋅5 m 102 m to 259 m
2.4 Km 76⋅0 to Km 79⋅8
1 The Tur‘et el Abbâsa or Sweet Water Canal extends from
the River Nile at Al Qâhira (Cairo) to meet the Suez Canal Lake Timsah West Branch 19⋅0 m 102 m to 259 m
at Ismailia (2.155); depths within the canal are about 1⋅2 m. Km 79⋅8 to Km 81⋅9
A branch of Tur‘et el Abbâsa continues from a position Lake Timsah By-pass 23⋅5 m 182 m
about 3 miles SW of Ismailia to Port of Suez (2.280)
Km 81 to Km 95 23⋅5 m 147 m to 192 m
following the line of the railway and the Suez Canal.
A second branch of the canal extends from Ismailia to Deversoir West Branch 18⋅0 m 159 m to 177 m
Port Said (31°16′N, 32°19′E). Km 95⋅0 to Km 95⋅5
59
Home Contents Index
CHAPTER 2
Deversoir West Branch 15⋅5 m 159 m to 177 m 3 A light-buoy (black pillar, cone topmark) with the letter
designation L, is moored on the E side of the deep-draught
Width of canal at anchorage about 1 miles WSW of Râs Diheisa (29°45′⋅5N,
Section Depth
14/19 m depth 32°40′⋅0E) (3.36) and close SW of a detached shoal patch
Deversoir East Branch 23⋅5 m 142 m with a least depth over it of 5⋅8 m.
2.15
Bitter Lakes West Branch 15⋅5 m 232 m
1 Transhipment anchorages. Two transhipment areas,
Bitter Lakes East Branch 23⋅5 m 358 m designated A and B, have been established, as shown on the
El Kabrît West Branch Km 114⋅1 15⋅0 m 152 m charts, 6 miles SSE of Conry Rock (29°48′N, 32°34′E)
to Km 122⋅1 and 3 miles SE of South Shoal (29°39′N, 32°36′E) (3.37).
2.16
El Kabrît East Branch 23⋅5 m 152 m to 162 m 1 Main anchorage. All other N-bound vessels awaiting a
Km 122 to Km 148 23⋅5 m 132 m to 162 m pilot should anchor in the designated waiting area, as shown
Km 148 to Km 150 23⋅5 m 132 m on the chart, N of Conry Rock (29°48′N, 32°34′E) (3.36).
These anchorage berths, which are numbered 1 to 29, are
Km 150 to Port Tewfîk 25⋅0 m 157 m to 187 m bounded on their N and E sides by light-buoys (special)
2.10 designated A, B, C, D, N and M.
1 Cross section. The canal cross sections are trapezoidal in 2.17
shape having side slopes of 4/1 in its N part and 3/1 in its S 1 Further waiting anchorage berths numbered W1 to W14,
part. each with a swinging radius of 300 m, have been established
All bends in the canal have a radius of 5000 m or greater. as shown on the chart, on the W side of the outer end of
2.11 Newport Rock Channel (2.221).
1 Canal length. The total length of the canal, measured Caution. A wreck (29°50′⋅2N, 32°32′⋅3E), considered
from Port Said High Light (disused) (31°15′⋅9N, 32°18′⋅8E), dangerous to navigation, lies close SE of the designated
or from Km 3E on Port Said By-pass (2.141) to Km 162⋅15 anchor berth W12.
at Port of Suez, is 87⋅5 miles. 2.18
2.12 1 Supplies. Fuel and fresh water are both available by
1 Kilometre markings, in Arabic numerals, are displayed barge to vessels at anchor.
on the W bank of the canal; where there are two channels Anchorage regulations
the suffix E is used to denote that the position referred to is 2.19
in the E channel of either the branch or by-pass. 1 Vessels at anchor, in any of the following anchorage
See kilometre markings table on Chart 233 for glossary of areas, Port Said North and South Anchorages (2.13), Suez
Arabic numerals. Roads (2.14), the Bitter Lakes Anchorages (2.178) and Lake
Timsah (2.162) are not authorised to change anchorage berth,
or make fast alongside another vessel, or carry out any cargo
WAITING ANCHORAGES operations, without explicit authorisation from the Suez
Canal Authority.
Northern approach anchorages — Port Said
SUEZ CANAL PASSAGE REQUIREMENTS
Charts 234, 2578
2.13 Arrival information and documents
1 The waiting anchorages in the Mediterranean, at the N
Charts 233, 2373
end of the canal, are designated North Anchorage (Zone
One) (31°28′N, 32°19′E), North Anchorage (Zone Two) Advance notification of transit
(31°24′N, 32°18′E), South Anchorage (31°22′N, 32°19′E), 2.20
Transhipment Anchorage (vessels exceeding 18⋅3 m draught) 1 If intending to transit the Suez Canal on a certain day
(31°26′⋅5N, 32°27′⋅5E) and Transhipment Anchorage (vessels then priority to join a convoy can be obtained if the transit
less than 18⋅3 m draught) (31°24′⋅5N, 32°26′⋅5E). is arranged 4 days in advance, or as soon as possible if
2 These N waiting anchorages are all described in coming from a near-by port.
Mediterranean Pilot, Volume V. For further information and the initial details required by
the Suez Canal Authorities, see Admiralty List of Radio
Southern approach anchorages — Signals, Volume 6 (3).
Port of Suez Transit time
2.21
Charts 2133, 3214
1 In general it is not usually possible to complete a transit
Anchorages of the canal during the hours of daylight.
2.14
The average transit time is between 11 hours and 14 hours
1 Deep-draught vessels. All N-bound deep-draught vessels
including time spent moored or at anchor.
with a draught in excess of 11⋅6 m (38 ft) including VLCCs,
bulk carriers and third and fourth generation container ships, Notice of ETA required
LASH ships over 35 000, and LPG and LNG vessels (loaded 2.22
or not gas free) awaiting a canal pilot should anchor in the 1 Further details should be sent to the Suez Canal Authority
designated Deep-Draught Vessel Anchorage, as shown on the through the company’s agent or diplomatic representative, or
chart, SSE of Conry Rock (29°48′N, 32°34′E) (3.36). to the Suez Canal Authority directly at least 48 hours and
2 These deep-draught anchorage berths, which are allocated 24 hours before arrival.
by the Suez Canal Authority, are designated V1 in the N Additional information is required if the vessel is
part of the anchorage to V9 in its S part. transiting the canal for the first time.
60
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CHAPTER 2
For further information and the details to be included in Vessels in ballast with a beam of over 74⋅67 m (245 ft)
the required reports see Admiralty List of Radio Signals, need the prior approval of the Suez Canal Authority to
Volume 6 (3). transit the canal.
2.23
1 Vessels should report to the appropriate harbour office or,
if VHF communication is not possible, then with Ismailia Maximum permitted draughts
(SUQ) by other means: 2.28
2 a) If entering from the Mediterranean: When 15 miles 1 The maximum permitted draughts, which must not exceed
before arriving at Suez Canal Port Said By-pass the Summer Load Line or Tropical Load Line, if marked,
Fairway Light-buoy (31°21′⋅3N, 32°20′⋅7E) report are related to the beam and to the speed of the convoy as
to the Port Said Harbour Office. follows:
3 b) If entering from the Red Sea: When 5 miles before 2.29
arriving at Gulf of Suez Separation Zone No 1 1 Vessels in ballast
Light-float (29°39′⋅5N, 32°32′⋅5E) (3.36) report to Northbound and southbound
Port of Suez Harbour Office.
4 For further information and the details to be included in Beam Fwd Aft
the required report see Admiralty List of Radio Signals, 74⋅67 m 9⋅75 m (32 ft) 11⋅00 m (36 ft)
Volume 6 (3).
2 See 2.27.
2.30
1 Loaded vessels
Documents Northbound 11−16 km/hr − Southbound 14 km/hr
2.24
1 The following official documents must be produced by Beam Draught
vessels requesting transit through the canal. 49⋅98 m 164 ft 00 in 18⋅90 m 62 ft 00 in
a) Suez Canal special tonnage certificate. 50⋅59 m 166 ft 00 in 18⋅64 m 61 ft 03 in
b) Certificate of Registry.
c) Statistical Declaration. 51⋅23 m 168 ft 01 in 18⋅44 m 60 ft 06 in
d) An extract from the vessels official documents and 51⋅79 m 169 ft 11 in 18⋅24 m 59 ft 10 in
information concerning her type and cargo.
52⋅45 m 172 ft 01 in 18⋅01 m 59 ft 01 in
e) Declaration concerning the use of the vessels
double bottom tanks and the lower part of tanks 53⋅06 m 174 ft 01 in 17⋅81 m 58 ft 05 in
higher in the structure. 53⋅67 m 176 ft 01 in 17⋅60 m 57 ft 09 in
f) Declaration concerning vessels in ballast.
g) Declaration of state of navigability. 54⋅27 m 178 ft 01 in 17⋅40 m 57 ft 01 in
h) The last classification certificate issued. 54⋅86 m 180 ft 00 in 17⋅22 m 56 ft 06 in
i) Capacity plan. 55⋅49 m 182 ft 01 in 17⋅02 m 55 ft 10 in
j) General arrangement plan.
k) Piping plan of LPG and LNG vessels. 56⋅08 m 184 ft 00 in 16⋅84 m 55 ft 03 in
l) Canal searchlight certificate. 56⋅69 m 186 ft 00 in 16⋅66 m 54 ft 08 in
m) Four copies of the crew list.
57⋅30 m 188 ft 00 in 16⋅48 m 54 ft 01 in
n) Four copies of the passenger list.
2 Any other information that may be relevant to the vessels 57⋅93 m 190 ft 01 in 16⋅31 m 53 ft 06 in
transit of the canal. 58⋅57 m 192 ft 02 in 16⋅13 m 52 ft 11 in
2.25
1 The Certificate of Registry is taken ashore by the ships 59⋅13 m 194 ft 00 in 15⋅98 m 52 ft 05 in
agent and returned after completing the canal transit. 59⋅79 m 196 ft 02 in 15⋅80 m 51 ft 10 in
2.26
1 The Classification Certificate should be translated into 60⋅37 m 198 ft 01 in 15⋅65 m 51 ft 04 in
Arabic or English, if necessary, and duly certified by the 60⋅96 m 200 ft 00 in 15⋅49 m 50 ft 10 in
relevant embassy or consulate in Egypt. 61⋅56 m 202 ft 00 in 15⋅34 m 50 ft 04 in
62⋅17 m 204 ft 00 in 15⋅19 m 49 ft 10 in
62⋅81 m 206 ft 01 in 15⋅04 m 49 ft 04 in
Permissible dimensions
63⋅34 m 207 ft 10 in 14⋅91 m 48 ft 11 in
64⋅00 m 210 ft 00 in 14⋅76 m 48 ft 05 in
General information 64⋅56 m 211 ft 10 in 14⋅61 m 47 ft 11 in
2.27
65⋅25 m 214 ft 01 in 14⋅45 m 47 ft 05 in
1 Vessels with a beam of 49⋅98 m (164 ft) can transit the
canal with a draught of 18⋅9 m (62 ft). 65⋅83 m 216 ft 00 in 14⋅33 m 47 ft 00 in
Loaded vessels with a beam exceeding 49⋅98 m (164 ft) 66⋅42 m 217 ft 11 in 14⋅20 m 46 ft 07 in
may transit the canal with the draughts as shown in the table
at 2.30. 67⋅00 m 219 ft 10 in 14⋅10 m 46 ft 03 in
2 Vessels in ballast with a beam up to 74⋅67 m (245 ft) and 67⋅61 m 221 ft 10 in 13⋅97 m 45 ft 10 in
draughts of up to 9⋅75 m (32 ft) forward and up to 11 m
68⋅24 m 223 ft 11 in 13⋅84 m 45 ft 05 in
(36 ft) aft will be permitted to transit the canal in calm and
clear conditions with a wind speed of not more than 10 kn. 68⋅88 m 226 ft 00 in 13⋅72 m 45 ft 00 in
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a) Loaded tankers or bulk carriers carrying Petroleum The pilot must inform the Movement Control Office or
Grade A or similar having a flash point below the Port Office if his advice regarding the safety of
23°C. navigation is not accepted, or not respected, by the vessel.
b) LPG, LNG or similar loaded or non gas-free
vessels. Requesting a pilot
c) Vessels not fitted with double bottom tanks 2.50
carrying chemicals in bulk. 1 The flag signal requesting a pilot should be hoisted
d) Vessels carrying certain radioactive substances. 2 hours before the expected time of getting underway.
e) Vessels carrying dangerous wastes. Pilots for navigation through the Suez Canal are due on
f) Semi-submersible heavy lift vessels carrying units board 1 hours after the signal has been hoisted.
with tonnage exceeding the lifting capacity of their See 2.23 and pilotage signals at 2.87.
individual cranes.
g) Vessels carrying deck cargo protruding more than Embarkation
the allowed maximum. 2.51
h) Vessels with a beam of over 45 m (148 ft). 1 On receipt of information or seeing that a pilot is coming
i) Vessels with a draught exceeding 12⋅8 m (42 ft). out, the vessel must make ready to take him aboard and to
j) Vessels over 90 000 scgt. enter the canal without delay.
k) Warships. A vessel at anchor in a waiting area must shorten her
cable, and make a lee for the pilot launch to come alongside
in safety.
Suez Canal Vessel Traffic Management System 2 Accommodation ladders should be rigged for use by the
2.47 pilot when boarding; should the accommodation ladder be
1 The Suez Canal Vessel Traffic Management System situated near the ships propeller then a pilot ladder should be
provides for the continuous monitoring of a vessels position rigged amidships. Vessels with a high freeboard should
from up to 35 km offshore by radar tracking stations at Port provide a mechanical hoist for the pilot. A ships officer
Said (2.1), Port Tewfîk (2.196); and also in the Great Bitter should be in attendance when the pilot boards.
Lake (2.174). 3 Should a pilot’s services be dispensed with after his
2 A local Loran-C chain, using equipment called CORT arrival on board, or the time of departure be postponed, or
(Carry On Receiver Transmitter) which is brought on board should a pilot be compelled to sail with a vessel because of
by the pilot, receives signals (when in operation) from the heavy weather, or at the vessels request, additional charges
chain and transmits them to the movement system centre are made.
giving information on a vessels position, speed, deviation 4 A spare cabin or a special space should be set aside in
from its planned track and its separation from other vessels. which the pilot can rest during the vessels waiting periods.
3 A television system covering the canal, controlled from Vessels unable to provide this facility will be liable to delay
Ismailia (2.155), is in operation and monitors the movement and the payment of extra pilotage dues.
of traffic.
See 2.22 for reporting points for vessels approaching the Pilot boarding positions
Suez Canal. 2.52
See Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume 6 (3) for 1 Vessels entering from Mediterranean. The pilot boards
further information. the vessel types with the specified draughts in the positions
indicated. See 2.13.
2.53
Pilotage 1 North Anchorage Area (Zone One):
VLCCs, third and fourth generation container ships,
General information LASH vessels over 35 000 scgt, LPG and LNG
2.48 vessels (loaded or non gas-free) and any other
1 Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels, whatever their vessel with a draught of over 12⋅8 m (42 ft).
tonnage, when entering, leaving, moving berth or transiting North Anchorage Area (Zone Two):
canal waters, or in Port Said and Port of Suez Harbours. Vessels between 11⋅9 m (39 ft) and 12⋅8 m (42 ft).
The only exemptions are certain Egyptian vessels under Fairway Light-buoy:
300 scgt authorised to work in the canal and/or its All other vessels.
approaches; any other exemptions must be explicitly 2.54
authorised by the Suez Canal Authority. 1 For further information see Mediterranean Pilot,
2 Vessels which undertake any movement in waters under Volume V.
the Suez Canal Authority jurisdiction without employing a 2.55
pilot are liable to pay extra dues up to £15 000. 1 Vessels entering from Red Sea. The pilot boards the
The Suez Canal Authority reserves the right to assign a vessel types with the specified draughts in the positions
tug master to vessels under 1500 scgt, and a coxswain to indicated.
vessels under 800 scgt, instead of a pilot. 2.56
Naval vessels, and vessels carrying dangerous cargoes, 1 Waiting Deep-Draught Anchorage Area (2.14) SSE of
must embark a pilot regardless of their tonnage. Conry Rock (295484N, 325344E) (3.36):
VLCCs, large bulk carriers, third and fourth generation
Responsibilities container ships, LASH vessels over 35 000 scgt,
2.49 LPG and LNG vessels (loaded or non gas free) and
1 Masters are held solely responsible for all damage or any other vessel with a draught of over 11⋅6 m
accidents, of whatever kind, resulting from the navigation or (38 ft).
handling of their vessels, directly or indirectly, by day or by 2 Main Anchorage Area N of Conry Rock (2.16):
night. Vessels of 11⋅6 m draught or less.
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2.57 2.63
1 Pilot exchange in the canal takes place at Ismailia, see 1 Northbound:
2.159. Vessels joining a N-bound convoy from the
Deep-draught Anchorage (2.14) or the Main
Pilotage stages southbound Anchorage waiting area (2.16) to the entrance to the
2.58 canal where a canal pilot will join near Km 161.
1 Stages from Port Said: Vessels in a N-bound convoy from Km 3E in Port Said
a) From the Fairway Light-buoy (31°21′⋅3N, By-pass Channel (2.141).
32°20′⋅7E) to berths in Port Said Harbour through
Port Said Harbour Approach Channel; or from the Masters responsibilities during pilotage
North Anchorages (Zone One) (31°28′N, 32°19′E) 2.64
and (Zone Two) (31°24′N, 32°18′E) (2.13) through 1 Pilots only give advice on manoeuvring the vessel. They
Port Said By-pass Approach Channel to the N place at the disposal of masters their experience and practical
entrance to Port Said By-pass (2.141). Thence: knowledge of the canal, but, as they cannot be acquainted
b) From Port Said Harbour, or the N entrance to Port with the defects and difficulties in manoeuvring, stopping,
Said By-pass, to Ismailia (2.159), thence: starting, etc, peculiar to each vessel, the responsibility of
c) From Ismailia to the pair of light-buoys marking handling the vessel devolves solely upon the master. It is
the S entrance to the canal, thence: therefore for the master, taking into account the indications
d) From the pair of light-buoys marking the S given by the pilots, to give the necessary orders to the helm,
entrance to the canal to Km 80⋅5, the S entrance to to the engines, and to the tugs. If, in the interest of rapid
Newport Rock Channel (2.221). A master may, manoeuvring the master thinks it preferable to allow the pilot
however, request the pilotage to cease at Km 44⋅4 to give orders direct, manoeuvres carried out in these
at Newport Rock (2.208). circumstances shall be considered as having been carried out
on the orders of the master and engage his sole
Pilotage stages northbound responsibility.
2.59 2 Masters are held solely responsible for all damage or
1 Stages from Suez: accidents of whatever kind resulting from the navigating or
a) From the Deep-draught Anchorages S of Conry handling of their vessels by day or by night.
Rock (29°48′N, 32°34′E) (3.36), or from the Main 2.65
Anchorage waiting area (2.16), to the pair of 1 In the event of the pilot being suddenly unable to carry
light-buoys marking the S entrance to the canal, on with his duties, the master must:
thence: a) Warn the vessel astern of his intended manoeuvres
b) From the pair of light-buoys marking the S by the visual and sound signals as described at
entrance to the canal to Ismailia (2.159), thence: 2.85, as well as by VHF or other means via
c) From Ismailia to the N entrance to Port Said Ismailia Radio Station (SUQ).
By-pass, thence: b) Reduce speed and contact the Movement Office at
d) Through Port Said By-pass Approach Channel to Ismailia for advice on making fast if in the canal or
Km 80⋅0. entrance channels, or anchoring if in the lakes.
c) Keep the Movement Office in Ismailia informed at
Second pilot all times by UHF or VHF with confirmations by
2.60 Inmarsat or by other means through Ismailia Radio
1 An extra pilot must be engaged by the following types of Station (SUQ).
vessels:
a) Vessels exceeding 80 000 scgt.
b) Vessels with a poor view from the bridge. Tugs
c) Vessels which, on account of slow speed or other
causes, have to transit the canal in stages. Escort tugs
d) Vessels without suitable accommodation for the 2.66
pilot to rest when not under way. 1 VLCC’s, ULCC’s, large bulk carriers and other designated
e) Third and fourth generation container ships, LASH vessels will be accompanied by escort tugs as follows:
ships of 35 000 scgt and over. a) Loaded vessels of less than 130 000 dwt will be
f) By any vessel if it is deemed necessary by the escorted by one tug if for technical reasons the
Suez Canal Authority, or on the masters request. Suez Canal Authority finds it necessary, or when
the vessels draught is more than 14⋅3 m (47 ft).
Foul weather pilot boarding procedure b) Loaded vessels from 130 000 dwt to 170 000 dwt
2.61 will be escorted by one tug.
1 If foul weather prevents pilots boarding or disembarking c) Loaded vessels over 170 000 dwt will be escorted
in the usual places masters may be authorised by the Suez by two tugs.
Canal Harbour Office to proceed without a pilot as follows: d) Vessels in ballast over 250 000 dwt will be escorted
2.62 by one tug.
1 Southbound: e) LPG and LNG over 25 000 scgt will be escorted
Vessel joining a S-bound convoy, via Port Said by one tug. Gas-free vessels are treated as tankers
By-pass Approach Channel, from the Mediterranean in ballast.
waiting anchorages at the N end of the canal (2.13) f) Vessels in ballast with a beam over 66⋅5 m (218 ft)
to the entrance to the canal at Km 0 of Port Said up to 71⋅02 m (233 ft) will be escorted by one tug.
By-pass Channel (2.141). g) Vessels in ballast with a beam over 71⋅02 m
Vessels in a S-bound convoy from Km 162 to sea. (233 ft) will be escorted by two tugs.
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h) Towed scrap vessels in ballast of 150 000 dwt and The light-beacons marking the W side of the channel
over will be escorted by one tug. have a white, elongated oval topmark with a red
i) Loaded heavy-lift ships are to be escorted by one boundary and exhibit a red fixed light.
or more tugs. 3 The light-beacons marking the junctions of the channel
2.67 have a cardinal topmark over an elongated oval
1 In addition the Suez Canal Authority may impose topmark with yellow and black horizontal bands;
mandatory tug escorts in the following instances: light characteristics in accordance with cardinal
a) The Suez Canal Authority may require any vessel markings.
to take a tug or tugs through the canal when, in its The centre line light-beacons between the East (2.176)
judgement, such action is necessary to ensure safety and West (2.177) Branch channels through the Great
of the vessel or the canal. Bitter Lake (2.174) have a yellow St Andrews cross
b) Any vessel without mechanical power, or the topmark and exhibit a white isophase light.
machinery of which is, or becomes, disabled, or 2.71
steers badly, or is liable to become unmanageable 1 See panel of Beacons in the Suez Canal on Chart 233.
for any reason, shall be towed through the canal.
c) Vessels having engine or steering gear trouble for Occasional light
the second time during the same passage. 2.72
d) Vessels with restricted visibility due to deck cargo, 1 Red and white signal lights, visible 8 miles, are shown
containers, cranes or construction impeding the occasionally from the lookout station of the Suez Canal
view from the wheelhouse and wings. Authority’s office (31°15′⋅4N, 32°18′⋅5E) to aid navigation
e) Vessels unable to use one or both of their bow in the canal at night.
anchors; or vessels over 1000 scgt built with one Current buoys
anchor; or vessels over 1000 scgt built with more 2.73
than one anchor if only one of them is located on 1 Current buoys, moored on the E side of the canal, show
the bow.
the direction of the flow of the water in the canal.
f) Drilling vessels. The current buoys are painted with red and white
g) Vessels with two engines on one propeller one of horizontal bands and one reflector on their downstream side;
which is out of order for any reason and cannot
and with black and white vertical stripes and two reflectors
maintain a speed of at least 10 kn without current on their upstream side.
after a sea trial to assure the speed and valid sea Thus, a vessel proceeding against the flow of water will
worthiness certificate.
observe a buoy showing red and white horizontal bands with
h) Vessels with two engines on two propellers one of one reflector.
which is out of order. 2.74
i) On the Master’s request for one or more tugs.
1 Location of current buoys:
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Projector and lighting Pilot and traffic management VHF radio stations
2.85
1 The Suez Canal Authority maintains VHF radio signal
General information stations at Port Said and Port Tewfîk (2.196); if VHF
2.80 communication is not possible, the shore station at Ismailia
1 Vessels must satisfy the officials of the Suez Canal (SUQ) should be contacted.
Authority in Port Said or Port Tewfîk (2.196) that they are See Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume 6 (3) for
provided with a projector (searchlight) and overhead lighting. further information.
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Visual signals
2.86
1 The following visual signals have been laid down by the
Suez Canal Authority for use in Port Said Harbour and in
the Suez Canal; they have been extracted from the booklet
Suez Canal Authority Rules of Navigation, Part III.
2 The Suez Canal Authority Rules of Navigation, Part III
booklet should be consulted for additional signals and for
further information.
All flags and pendants referred to are those used in the
International Code of Signals.
Night signal lights should be hoisted at the foremast head
or where they can best be seen by other vessels.
2.87
1 Pilotage signals. Note:
1) In meaning (a) the signal should be displayed
30 minutes before sailing from port to sea or
before changing berth.
2) In meaning (b) the signal should be displayed
2 hours before the first vessel is expected to enter
the Canal.
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and secure to the bollards on the canal bank than to risk 2.109
damaging the propeller by using it near the lee bank, this 1 Suez Canal Waters mean the Suez Canal proper and its
being the only serious damage that vessels are liable to access channels, the waters within the Suez Canal Authority
sustain in transiting the canal. concession adjacent to the canal, Port Said Harbour and the
Similarly, with the wind abeam, care is required in getting Port of Suez.
under way after mooring to the canal bank. 2.110
1 Responsibilities. When on Canal Waters or at its ports or
Tidal streams roads, any vessels or floating structures of any description
2.104 are responsible for any damage and consequential loss they
1 The most difficult part of the canal passage, apart from may cause either directly or indirectly to themselves or (to)
the effect of a strong wind, is between the Little Bitter Lake Suez Canal Authority properties or personnel, or to a third
(2.182) and Port Tewfîk (2.196) on account of the prevailing party.
tidal streams; see 2.127. The vessels, or floating structures owners and/or
operators, are (to be held) responsible without (any) option
to release themselves from responsibility by limited liability.
2 Moreover, the vessel guarantees to indemnify the Suez
REGULATIONS FOR NAVIGATION Canal Authority in respect of any claim against the latter by
IN THE SUEZ CANAL reason of any damage whatsoever, (that) she may cause
either directly or indirectly to (a) third party.
Chart 233 3 When in canal waters, any vessel or floating structure of
General information any description is responsible for any damage and
2.105 consequential loss it may cause either directly or indirectly to
1 Regulations for Suez Canal are contained in Suez Canal the Suez Canal Authority without option for the owners,
Authority Rules of Navigation issued by the Suez Canal and/or operators, to release themselves from responsibility by
Authority, a copy of the regulations is held by the pilot for purely and simply abandoning the vessel, floating structure
the masters use. or wreck.
Masters are bound to make themselves well acquainted 4 The vessel waives the right to claim (from) the Suez
with these regulations as a condition of passage through the Canal Authority any damages caused by a third party that
canal. The following extracts may be of use to vessels she may sustain while on Suez Canal Waters.
approaching the canal before a copy of the rule book 2.111
becomes available. 1 Temporary delaying of vessels. The Suez Canal
Authorities may delay a vessel for the purpose of
General conditions investigating any claim or dispute that may arise, or any
formal or informal complaint, or allegation of (the) violation
2.106
of the laws of the canal or for security reasons.
1 The following extracts are part of the navigation
2 A vessel may be delayed until, in the opinion of the Suez
regulations taken from the Suez Canal Authority Rules of
Canal Authority, its tenderness (stability), trim, list, cargo,
Navigation.
hull, machinery have been put into such condition as will
For further information consult the Suez Canal Authority
make the vessel reasonably safe for her passage through the
Rules of Navigation handbook.
canal.
2.107
No claim for damages is accepted or considered because
1 Transit. Transit through the Suez Canal is open to vessels
of any such temporary delaying of vessels.
of all nations subject to their complying with the conditions
2.112
stated in the current edition of Suez Canal Authority Rules of
1 Vessels carrying petroleum or dangerous cargo must
Navigation.
comply with these regulations and also with the Appendix
However, the Suez Canal Authority reserves the right to
for Vessels Carrying Dangerous Cargo found in rear part of
refuse access to the canal to vessels, or to order the towage
the Suez Canal Authority Rules of Navigation, a copy of
or convoying of vessels, which it may consider dangerous or
which is given to masters on their arrival at the canal.
troublesome to navigation in the canal.
Vessels are not permitted to transit the canal when their
2 By the sole fact of using the canal waters, ie the Suez
draught exceeds the maximum allowed, see 2.28, and when
Canal itself, Port Said Harbour (Bûr Sa‘îd Harbour) the
they are not well found in every respect for navigation in the
access channels etc. within the control of the Suez Canal
canal.
Authority, masters and owners of vessels bind themselves to
accept all the conditions of the current edition of Suez Canal Departure from a berth
Authority Rules of Navigation; they acknowledge being well 2.113
acquainted with these conditions, to conform with those 1 Moorings must not be changed before the pilot is on
conditions in every respect, to comply with any requisition board.
made with a view to their being duly carried out, and to The vessel may get under way only if there is no signal
adhere to the Suez Canal Authorities private code of signals; from the Suez Canal Authority to the contrary.
see 2.85.
2.108 Movements under way
1 Agents. Every vessel intending to transit the Suez Canal 2.114
or to stay at Port Said, Port of Suez or at the Suez Canal 1 When several vessels are ready to get under way at the
basins or docks must have a shipping agent. same time, the order of their sailing either into the canal or
The Egyptian Authorities (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, out to sea will be fixed by the Suez Canal Authority.
Ministry of Defence and the Ports and Lights The Suez Canal Authority will prescribe the movements
Administration) are to be notified of intended transit of naval of vessels under way in order to ensure the maximum safety
ships through the Suez Canal. to navigation. Consequently, no vessel may demand
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immediate passage through the canal, and no claim for delay Canal Authority reserves the right to stop such
arising from the foregoing causes can be admitted. operations until the necessary repairs shall have
Masters must avoid anchoring in the canal except in a been effected.
case of absolute necessity. 3 (e) Picking up, without the direction of Suez Canal
Authority officials, any object that may have fallen
Speed into the canal waters.
2.115 Whenever any object or merchandise whatsoever falls
1 The normal speed of vessels through the water in the overboard, it must be immediately reported to the
canal is 7 kn (14 km per hour). Suez Canal Authority.
In the case of N-bound loaded tankers this speed is 7 kn 2.120
(13 km per hour). 1 Sound signals. In canal waters the sounding of the
Overtaking whistle is only allowed as listed in the booklet Suez Canal
2.116 Authority Rules of Navigation, Part III. See 2.89.
1 Vessels proceeding in the same direction are not permitted 2.121
to overtake one another while underway in the canal and 1 Boats, other than those of the Suez Canal Authority, are
ports unless authorised by the Suez Canal Traffic not allowed to come alongside vessels which are under way
Management Control Office. or manoeuvring, except for the following at their own risk:
(a) Quarantine and police boats.
Night transit (b) Mooring boats.
2.117 (c) The ship’s agent’s boat.
1 Navigation of sailing craft of every description by night is
entirely forbidden. Accidents
During night transit vessels must keep their projector 2.122
alight. They must show their regulation lights and keep a 1 Stopping. Whenever a vessel under way is accidentally
lookout forward. stopped she must, if other vessels are following, attract their
2 Vessels not provided with projectors and having no means attention by making the sound signals as described at
to use a hired projector from shore are only allowed to paragraph 2.89. In addition, at night, the white stern light
transit at night in exceptional circumstances, escorted by must be replaced by a red light.
tugs, the master being entirely responsible. Vessels transiting 2.123
the canal under these conditions are subject to all the other 1 Grounding. In a case of grounding the master must
rules for night transit. immediately hoist the signal described in paragraph 2.96, and
communicate by VHF radio or other means stating whether a
Towage and convoying tug is required or not; if a tug is required, then stating
2.118 whether or not a passage is clear for the tug, and whether
1 At Port Said Harbour (Bûr Sa‘îd) tugs may be placed at lightening of the vessel is necessary, etc.
the disposal of masters if the Suez Canal Authority deems it 2 When a vessel runs aground, Suez Canal Authority
necessary. officials are alone empowered to order and direct all
Vessels manoeuvring in the harbour are required to operations required to get the vessel afloat, and, in case of
provide their own hawsers; wire towage hawsers are not need, to get her unloaded and towed.
allowed. All attempts on the part of other vessels to float off a
The Suez Canal Authority may order that certain defective vessel aground are strictly prohibited.
vessels, or vessels carrying dangerous cargoes, shall be 2.124
towed or convoyed in the canal by one of the authorities 1 Risk of collision. Whenever a collision appears probable
tugs. vessels must not hesitate to run aground, should it be
2 With the exception of certain cases involving fire, necessary, to avoid the collision.
grounding, etc, the master of a vessel utilising a tug placed
at his disposal has the exclusive direction and control of the Suez Canal tonnage and dues
manoeuvres of both the vessel and the tug. 2.125
Shipowners are authorised to have their vessels towed or 1 The tonnage on which all dues and charges to be paid by
convoyed by their own tugs, or tugs belonging to third vessels, as specified in these regulations, are assessed is the
parties, upon their entire responsibility. Such tugs must be net tonnage resulting from the system of measurement laid
approved by the Suez Canal Authority. See also 2.66. down by the International Commission held at
Constantinople in 1873 and duly entered on the special
Prohibitions certificates issued by the competent authorities in each
2.119 country.
1 The following actions are prohibited: 2 For further information on tonnage and dues, Part IV of
(a) Allowing any shots to be fired. the Suez Canal Authority Rules of Navigation issued by the
(b) Taking boats or floating appliances of whatever Suez Canal Authority should be consulted.
description in tow of vessels.
(c) Throwing overboard earth, ashes, cinders, or
CURRENTS AND TIDAL STREAMS
articles of any kind into canal waters at any point IN THE SUEZ CANAL
during the transit.
2 (d) Emptying or allowing oil, petrol, heavy oil, oil Chart 233
fuel, or scourings or cleansing water, to flow from General information
tanks having contained such products. The loading, 2.126
unloading and generally the handling of liquid fuel 1 The interaction of the currents and the tidal streams
must be so carried out so as to avoid any fuel within the Suez Canal between the Mediterranean Sea, the
leaking into canal waters; failing which the Suez lakes and the Gulf of Suez, when combined with varied
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2.141 of the delta at the mouth of the River Nile and is fed by the
1 Port Said By-pass is entered about 2 miles SSE of Port waters of the Nile.
Said East Breakwater Head Light (31°16′⋅6N, 32°19′⋅8E); On the W bank of the canal lie the railway and Tur‘et el
the branch is straight from its entrance to its junction with Abbâsa (Sweet Water Canal) (2.4); the E bank is being
Port Said West Branch (2.140) at Km 17. constantly increased by dredging spoil from the canal.
2 From the junction of Port Said By-Pass and the service 2 Suez Canal signal towers are situated on the W bank of
channel, a branch, dredged to 16⋅5 m, leads to East Port Said this stretch of the canal at Km 19; at El Tîna Km 25; at El
Container Terminal and thence, to sea, through a channel Câp between Km 35 and Km 36; and at El Qantara between
marked by buoys and dredged to 18⋅5 m. Km 45 and Km 46.
A Suez Canal signal tower is situated at Km 3E, on the
W bank of the canal near the entrance to the by-pass. El Qantara to Lake Timsah
3 Depths. The branch is dredged to a least centreline depth
of 23⋅5 m. Chart 233 plans of Suez Canal Port Said to Km 22 and Km 50 to
2.142 Km 86
1 Lights. A light is exhibited from the Suez Canal Description
Authority signal tower situated at about Km 3E and also 2.145
from the head of a pier close E; a further light is exhibited 1 Between El Qantara (30°51′N, 32°19′E) and Lake Timsah
from the W bank of Port Said By-pass (position (17 miles S) (2.152) the canal passes through slightly
approximate) at about Km 13E and also from the signal higher ground.
tower at Km 19. Along this reach of the canal, which includes El Ballâh
A light is also exhibited from a beacon on the shore at West Branch (2.149), there are six curves situated in the
the bifurcation of the canal between Port Said West Branch vicinity Km 51, Km 53, Km 58, Km 61, Km 73 and Km 76.
and Port Said By-pass at about Km 15E; a light-beacon (S Ferry services cross the canal at Km 47 and Km 67.
cardinal) stands in the canal close S. A submarine water pipeline and a submarine power cable
2.143 cross the canal between Km 44 and Km 45.
1 Service Channel. A service channel connects Port Said 2.146
West Branch at Km 8, with Port Said By-pass at Km 6E. 1 A road bridge, with a vertical clearance of 68 m, spans
The channel, which is dredged to a depth of 9 m, is marked the canal between Km 48 and Km 49.
by lights (positions approximate). A pontoon bridge on the W side of the canal is situated
2.144 at about Km 47.
1 From Km 19 to El Qantara Km 45 (22 miles S), the canal A rail and road swing bridge spans the canal at Km 68,
continues straight passing through a dry, flat and sandy plain about 2 miles S of the Suez Canal Authority signal tower at
that was once part of Lake Manzala which now forms part El Firdân.
Suez Canal Authority Signal Tower from South − Approaches to Port Said Egypt (2.141)
(Original dated 2002)
(Photography − Lt Cdr T. Tulloch RCN)
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A swing bridge is situated on the W side of the canal at Km 61 and Km 63. Another light (position approximate) is
about Km 67. exhibited from the E bank at about Km 73; buoys
cylindrical (special) are moored close off the opposite bank
2.147 of the canal between Km 73 and Km 74.
1 Lights and buoys. A light is exhibited from the W bank 2.148
of the canal at Km 50; two buoys cylindrical and conical 1 El Ballâh East Branch is the name of the straight cut of
(special) are moored close to the sides of the canal in the the canal situated between Km 51 and Km 61.
vicinity of the light. Depths. Between the junction of Port Said West Branch
2 Another light is exhibited from a beacon on the shore at and Port Said By-pass (2.141), and the junction of Lake
the N bifurcation of the canal between El Ballâh East Branch Timsah West Branch (2.160) and Lake Timsah By-pass
(2.148) and the West Branch (2.149) at about Km 51; a (2.164), the canal is dredged along its centreline to 23⋅5 m.
light-beacon (N cardinal) stands in the canal close N. 2.149
A light is also exhibited from a beacon on the shore at 1 El Ballâh West Branch is the name of the cut of the
the S bifurcation of the canal between El Ballâh East Branch canal situated W of El Ballâh East Branch (2.148), between
and the West Branch at about Km 60; a light-beacon Km 51 and Km 61.
(S cardinal) stands in the canal close S. There are berths, with shore bollards, situated in El Ballâh
3 A light which is exhibited from the E bank of the canal West Branch. The chart is the best guide.
at Km 62 has different characteristics depending if viewed A Suez Canal signal tower is situated at Km 55 on the W
from the N or S; buoys (cylindrical and conical; special) are bank of the cut.
moored near the banks of the canal in this vicinity between
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2 Depths. The cut is mostly dredged to a least centreline Chevalier Island, which lies close off the N shore of the
depth of 15⋅5 m with dredged depths of 18⋅5 m at its N and lake SE of Ismailia, is connected to the shore by three
S ends. bridges; a radio tower (position approximate) stands close to
2.150 the S shore of the island.
1 Lights (position approximate) are exhibited from the W
bank of El Ballâh West Branch at about Km 52, Km 53, Port radio
Km 57 and Km 58. 2.156
2.151 1 The Suez Canal Authority mains a shore radio station at
1 Supplies. Fresh water may be obtained by S-bound Ismailia.
vessels moored in the cut. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume 6 (3) for
further information.
Facilities
Lake Timsah 2.157
1 A number of tugs are based in the lake; there is a
Chart 233 plan of Suez Canal Lake Timsah slipway; minor repairs can be undertaken; there is a hospital
Description in Ismailia.
2.152
1 Lake Timsah (Buheiret el Timsâh) (30°34′N, 32°18′E) is Nifîsha Lagoon
situated near the middle of the Suez Canal and forms a 2.158
curve in the general line of the direction of the canal. 1 Nifîsha Lagoon is entered from the NW part of Lake
2 A conspicuous war memorial, about 66 m high, Timsah through a small boat channel, spanned by a bridge;
representing a bayonet, stands close E of the E shore of the the channel is marked on its N and E sides by beacons.
lake in the vicinity of Km 77E. A beacon (triangular A number of piers are situated within the lagoon.
topmark, 26 m high) stands about 5 cables E of the E side of
Pilotage
the canal between Km 78E and Km 79E.
2.159
A ferry service crosses the canal at Km 76 in the N
1 The pilot station for the change of canal pilots is situated
entrance to the lake.
on the W bank of the N entrance to Lake Timsah.
A submarine water pipeline and a submarine power cable
are laid across the canal in the vicinity of Km 76. Lake Timsah West Branch
2.153 2.160
1 An unnamed inlet indents the SW shore of the lake; a 1 The channel through Lake Timsah West Branch is marked
small basin is entered from the S side of the entrance to the along its E edge by buoyant light-beacons.
unnamed inlet. Within the inlet lie two small islands; a In the middle part of the lake the channel has been
beacon (ball topmark) (position approximate) stands on the widened by an additional area dredged to a similar depth as
W end of the S-most island. A dredged channel, in which the main channel and marked by buoyant light-beacons and
there is least depth of 3 m, surrounds the S-most island; a spar light-buoys; further dredging to extend the area to the
shipyard and a floating dock are also lie within the inlet. W is being undertaken.
A beacon (triangular topmark) (position approximate) 2.161
stands on the S side of the inlet about 4 cables NW of Gebel 1 Depths. The branch is mostly dredged to a least depth of
Maryam War Memorial (2.166). 15⋅5 m which increases at its S end to 19⋅0 m. See 2.9.
2.154 2.162
1 Lights. A light is exhibited, at about Km 77, from a 1 Anchorages. Three anchorage berths, numbered 1 to 3,
beacon on the N point of the unnamed island lying in the N for use by larger vessels are situated in the main channel and
part of Lake Timsah at the N bifurcation of the canal the W part of the branch; three further anchorage berths,
between Lake Timsah West Branch (2.160) and the By-pass numbered 4 to 6, for use by smaller vessels lie close NW of
(2.164); a light-beacon (N cardinal) stands in the canal close these main anchorage berths but still within the main
N. dredged area. The positions of all of these berths are best
2 A further light is exhibited at about Km 79 from a seen on the chart.
beacon on the S point of the same unnamed island at the S 2 Only vessels with a draught not exceeding 5⋅5 m are
bifurcation of the canal between the By-pass and Lake permitted to anchor between the NW extremity of the main
Timsah West Branch; a light-beacon (S cardinal) stands in dredged area and the NW shore of the lake.
the canal about 4 cables SSE. 2.163
2.155 1 Climatic table. See 1.275 and 1.276.
1 Ismailia. The town of Ismailia (El Ismâ‘ilîya) lies on the
N shore of the lake from where a number of quays and piers Lake Timsah By-pass
extend; the main office of the Suez Canal Authority is 2.164
situated in Ismailia. 1 Lake Timsah By-pass, which lies between approximately
2 A dredged channel, with a least depth of 9 m, leads NW Km 76 and Km 82, is the E-most channel through Lake
from the main dredged area of the lake to the berths off the Timsah.
S side of Ismailia where alongside depths up to 7 m may be The by-pass is separated from the W branch by two
obtained; a further dredged channel, with a least depth of unnamed islands which are themselves separated by a
6 m, leads from a position at the N extremity of the main narrow, buoyed channel in which there is a least depth of
dredged area of the lake to the quays on the E side of the 4⋅6 m.
main berthing area. 2 A memorial representing a dove, together with a flagstaff,
3 A light (30°35′⋅1N, 32°16′⋅5E) is exhibited from a brick stand on the N part of the N-most unnamed island. A
building standing on the main quay which extends into the number of moorings are laid off the E side of the S-most
lake from the S side of Ismailia. unnamed island and off the bank on the E side of the
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Anchorage area Depth over it of less than 2 m; mooring posts are situated on this
bank.
W1 13⋅0 m A light-beacon (30°16′⋅8N, 32°26′⋅7E) (W cardinal) is
W2 13⋅5 m moored at the W end of the bank between the two branch
channels; a light-beacon (30°15′⋅5N, 32°30′⋅9E) (E cardinal)
W3 14⋅5 m
is moored at the E end of the same bank.
W4 9⋅0 m 2.187
W5 13⋅5 m 1 Both Kabrît Branch Channels are marked by buoyant
light-beacons.
2.180 2.188
1 Anchorage areas E1 and E5 all lie on the NE side of 1 Kabrît East Branch is dredged to 23⋅5 m between Great
East Branch and are for use by N-bound vessels. Bitter Lake South Light-buoy (2.175) and the point where
Anchorage area Depth the two channels rejoin in the N part of the Little Bitter
E1 18⋅0 m Lake (2.182).
2.189
E2 16⋅0 m 1 Kabrît West Branch is dredged to 15⋅0 m between Great
E3 14⋅0 m Bitter Lake South Light-buoy (2.175) and the point where
the two channels rejoin in the N part of the Little Bitter
E4 13⋅0 m
Lake (2.182). See 2.9.
2 Caution. A reduced depth of 12 m has been reported
(2002) within the anchorage area E4 in position 30°18′⋅6N, Little Bitter Lake to Suez Bay
32°25′⋅5E.
Charts 233 plan of Suez Canal Great Bitter Lake to Suez Bay,
2.181
3214
1 Supplies. Fresh water may be obtained by barge by
vessels anchored in Great Bitter Lake. Description
2.190
Little Bitter Lake 1 From the S end of the Little Bitter Lake (2.182) at about
2.182 Km 134, the canal runs straight as far as El Shallûfa Km 146
1 Description. The sides of the canal are composed of a where the canal turns about 8° to the E. After a straight
very sticky mud, and, in the case of a grounding, a vessel course for about another 5 miles, at about Km 155, the canal
may take sometime to release herself. curves gradually for the next 3 miles entering Suez Bay
Gezîret ‘Alâwi el-Fizîkh, Gezîret el Hirâba el Tawîla and between Port Tewfîk (2.196) and Qâd el Marâkib (2.199).
Gezîret el Shabâyra are three large named islands among a There are Suez Canal signal towers situated on the W
group of smaller islands all of which lie on the W side of bank of the canal at El Gineifa at Km 134, and El Shallûfa
the lake. at Km 146.
Finger Point (30°11′⋅5N, 32°34′⋅3E), High Point 2 This section of the canal passes through hard ground that
(1 miles NNW) and Danger Point (4 miles NNW) all lie is rocky in places. The rocky places, where vessels should
on the E side of Little Bitter Lake. not secure to the banks, are marked by buoys (can) and by
2.183 red posts on the banks.
1 Depths. From the point where the Kabrît Branch A pontoon bridge, stowed on the W side of the canal, is
Channels rejoin in the N part of the Little Bitter Lake the situated between Km 135 and Km 136; a similar bridge is
canal is dredged to 23⋅5 m and is marked by pairs of situated between Km 139 and Km 140.
buoyant light-beacons. 2.191
Depths in the Little Bitter Lake (30°14′N, 32°33′E), 1 An area of submarine power cables lies across the canal
outside the area through which the canal has been dredged, between Km 135 and Km 136; a submarine water pipeline is
are, in general, less than 5 m. laid across the canal between Km 136 and Km 137.
2.184 The Ahmed Hamdy Tunnel passes under the canal in the
1 Lights. A light is exhibited at about Km 124, from the vicinity of Km 143.
NE edge of the canal on the outside of the bend which leads 2 Lights are exhibited from the E bank of the canal at
from the Kabrît Branch Channels (2.186) into the main part approximately Km 154⋅5, Km 156⋅1, Km 157⋅8 and
of the Little Bitter Lake. Km 158⋅3.
A pair of lights (positions approximate) are exhibited Ferry services operate across this section of the canal at
from the E side of the canal, at about Km 131 close NNW about Km 148 and Km 149⋅3.
of Finger Point. A power transmission line supported by pylons, with a
2.185 safe overhead clearance of 135 m, spans the canal at about
1 Moorings. There are mooring bollards situated on both Km 153⋅2.
sides of the canal throughout most of its run through the 2.192
Little Bitter Lake. 1 Depths. This section of the canal is dredged to 23⋅5 m as
Vessels of less than 5 m draught should not moor in the far as Km 150, where it increases to a depth of 25⋅0 m to its
Little Bitter Lake as their draught, being about the same as S entrance at Km 162. Thence, the maintained depth again
the surrounding depths in the lake outside of the canal, risk becomes 23⋅5 m.
grounding whilst mooring. 2.193
1 Wharfs, with alongside depths of 2⋅4 m for use by
Chart 233 plan of Suez Canal El Kabrît lighters, are situated on the E bank of the canal at El-Shatt
Kabrît Branch Channels between Km 157 and Km 158.
2.186 2.194
1 Kabrît Branch Channels lie between Km 115 and Km 122 1 El Dars Basin is a basin situated on the W side of the
and are separated by a bank, up to a cable wide, with depths canal, about 2 miles within its S entrance.
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SUEZ BAY
GENERAL INFORMATION Gulf of Suez (3.1) to its S entrance which lies between Râs
Chart 3214 el ‘Adabîya (29°52′N, 32°31′E) and a position about 6 miles
Position ENE in the vicinity of a pier, with a flagstaff at its head,
2.202 which extends about 2 cables WSW from the shore.
1 Suez Bay (Bahr el Qulzum) (29°54′N, 32°32′E) is a large Two water towers stand near the root of the pier; the Suez
bay which extends about 5 miles S from the head of the Quarantine Station is located close SE.
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CHANNELS THROUGH SUEZ BAY Vessels anchor in Port of Suez Roads in the numbered
berths, as shown on the chart; the berths are allocated by the
Eastern Channel Suez Canal Authority.
2.223
Chart 3214 1 Loaded tankers of less than 18 000 tonnes anchor S of
Description Green Island (29°54′⋅7N, 32°31′⋅8E); those of more than
2.217 18 000 tonnes anchor SW of Green Island.
1 The Eastern Channel extends initially SSW then S for Other vessels anchor N of Green Island except those
about 2 miles, from the pair of light-buoys marking the S waiting to join a N-bound convoy which then anchor E of
entrance to the Suez Canal (2.195) to Newport Rock Eastern Channel (2.217), or on the S side of Western
(29°53′N, 32°33′E) (2.208). Channel (2.220).
The channel, which crosses the coastal bank, is 2.224
maintained at a depth of 23⋅5 m and is marked by 1 Caution. Vessels should not anchor S of the anchorage
light-buoys. berths 1D−6D due to the presence of seabed debris.
2 Vessels intending to anchor in the designated anchorage 2.225
berths 1C−5C may approach these anchorages through 1 Anchorage in Gûnet el ‘Adabîya (‘Adabîya Bay)
Eastern Channel as opposed to the other anchorages within (29°52′N, 32°29′E) is described at 2.272; for waiting
Suez Bay which are to be approached through Western anchorages see 2.14.
Channel (2.220).
2.218 Prohibited anchorage
1 Priority of passage in Eastern Channel. 2.226
(i) Vessels leaving the canal. 1 Anchorage is prohibited, as shown on the chart, within
(ii) Vessels leaving anchorages in Port of Suez Roads the wedge-shaped area which lies in the S approach to
and having to use Eastern Channel, see 2.217. Newport Rock Channel (2.221), N of No 2 Light-float
Vessels approaching Port of Suez from sea should wait (29°48′⋅6N, 32°32′⋅1E) (3.36) and S of the pair of buoys
outside the port until Eastern Channel is clear. marking the S end of Newport Rock Channel.
2.219 A dangerous wreck, over which the depth is unknown,
1 Prohibited anchorage. Anchorage is prohibited in the lies close E of the W edge of the prohibited area, about
channel. 1 miles N of No 2 Light-float.
Submarine cables
Western Channel 2.227
1 Mariners are cautioned not to anchor in the vicinity of the
Description numerous disused submarine cables, as shown on the charts,
2.220 which lie N, W and S of the designated anchor berths
1 The Western Channel lies NW, W and S of Green Island (2.228).
(29°54′⋅7N, 32°31′⋅8E) and leads from Eastern Channel
(2.217) to the Offshore Oil Berth (2.240), the designated Anchorage berths
anchorages 1A−10A, 1B−13B, 6C−16C and 1D−6D, and the
Group A anchorages
dredged channel approaches to El Mînâ’ el Gedîda (2.317)
2.228
and Bûr Ibrâhîm (2.304).
1 Group A anchorages lie in the middle of Suez Bay, W of
No 2A Light-buoy (port hand, pillar) (29°53′⋅6N,
Light-buoy HM 24⋅0 (29°54′⋅2N, 32°32′⋅5E) (port hand) and
32°30′⋅7E) is moored in the SW corner of the fairway.
N and NE of Western Channel (2.220).
2.229
Newport Rock Channel 1 The position of the centre of each anchorage berth is
given as a bearing towards and a distance in cables from
Description
Green Island Light (29°54′⋅6N, 32°31′⋅8E).
2.221
1 Newport Rock Channel extends about 2 miles S from the Anchorage Position Maximum- Radius of-
S end of Eastern Channel (2.217) from abreast Newport Berth No draught swinging area
Rock (29°53′N, 32°33′E) (2.208) to the outer limits of the 1A 306°x 6⋅1 11⋅3 m 274 m
Port of Suez (2.280).
The channel, which is similar to Eastern Channel, is 2A 330° x 7⋅2 11⋅3 m 274 m
maintained at a depth of 23⋅5 m and is marked by 3A 331°x 4⋅1 11⋅3 m 274 m
light-buoys. 4A 357° x 6⋅3 11⋅3 m 274 m
(Directions for the Gulf of Suez Traffic Separation
Scheme from the vicinity of No 2 Light-float 5A 018° x 3⋅8 11⋅3 m 274 m
(295484V6N, 325324V1E) through to the 6A 023° x 6⋅8 11⋅3 m 274 m
Strait of Gûbâl (3.311) are given at 3.36)
7A 050° x 5⋅8 11⋅3 m 274 m
8A 042° x 8⋅7 11⋅3 m 274 m
ANCHORAGES IN SUEZ BAY
9A 062°x 8⋅1 11⋅3 m 274 m
Charts 3214, 2133 10A 084° x 7⋅2 11⋅3 m 274 m
General information
2.222 Group B anchorages
1 Anchorage berths in the N part of Suez Bay are well 2.230
sheltered from all except S winds, which may be frequent in 1 Group B anchorages lie in the W part of Suez Bay and
winter, and are usually accompanied by a heavy sea. are approached through Western Channel (2.220).
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2.231 2.235
1 The position of the centre of each anchorage berth is 1 Caution. A dangerous wreck (29°55′⋅8N, 32°31′⋅2E) lies
given as a bearing towards and a distance in cables from close N of the anchorage areas; a light-buoy (isolated
Green Island Light (29°54′⋅6N, 32°31′⋅8E). danger) is moored close N of the wreck.
Anchorage Position Maximum- Radius of- A mooring buoy is laid about 1 cables W of the wreck.
Berth No draught swinging area Group D anchorages
1B 102°x14⋅3 11⋅3 m 290 m 2.236
1 Group D anchorages lie on the S side of Western Channel
2B 093°x12⋅0 11⋅3 m 290 m
(2.220).
3B 079°x12⋅5 11⋅3 m 290 m 2.237
4B 064°x13⋅8 11⋅3 m 350 m 1 The position of the centre of each anchorage berth is
given as a bearing towards and a distance in cables from
5B 090°x15⋅1 11⋅3 m 290 m Green Island Light (29°54′⋅6N, 32°31′⋅8E).
6B 098°x17⋅3 11⋅3 m 290 m Anchorage Position Radius of
7B 075°x16⋅8 11⋅3 m 350 m Berth No swinging area
see caution at 2.232. 1D 345°x12⋅7 360 m
8B 095°x20⋅2 10⋅7 m 290 m 2D 004°x12⋅4 360 m
9B 086°x20⋅3 11⋅3 m 290 m 3D 021°x13⋅1 360 m
10B 080°x15⋅0 11⋅3 m 213 m 4D 033°x14⋅7 260 m
11B 090°x17⋅8 11⋅3 m 198 m 5D 043°x16⋅0 260 m
12B 091°x22⋅0 11⋅3 m 198 m 6D 047°x18⋅3 230 m
13B 079°x19⋅2 11⋅3 m 213 m
Group H anchorages
2.232 2.238
1 Caution. A dangerous wreck (29°54′⋅0N, 32°29′⋅9E), 1 Group H anchorage berths lie on the E side of Eastern
with a mast visible, fouls anchorage berth 7B; a light-buoy Channel (2.217), SW of Sha‘b Misallât (29°54′⋅5N,
(isolated danger) is moored close E of the wreck. 32°33′⋅9E) (2.207).
Danger area. See 2.252. 2.239
1 The position of the centre of each anchorage berth is
Group C anchorages
given as a bearing towards and a distance in cables from
2.233
Green Island Light (29°54′⋅6N, 32°31′⋅8E).
1 Group C anchorages lie N of Green Island (29°54′⋅7N,
32°31′⋅8E). The W-most of this group of anchorage berths, Anchorage Position Maximum- Radius of-
those numbered 6C to 16C, are approached through Western Berth No draught swinging area
Channel (2.220); anchorage berths numbered 1C to 5C are 1H 296°x12⋅5 12⋅6 m 274 m
approached through Eastern Channel (2.217).
2.234 2H 306°x14⋅8 12⋅6 m 274 m
1 The position of the centre of each anchorage berth is
given as a bearing towards and a distance in cables from OIL BERTH — BAHR EL QULZUM
Green Island Light (29°54′⋅6N, 32°31′⋅8E).
Chart 3214
Anchorage Position Maximum- Radius of-
Berth No draught swinging area Position
2.240
1C 218°x11⋅8 7⋅6 m 213 m 1 An offshore Oil Berth (29°55′⋅0N, 32°30′⋅7E) is situated
2C 208°x11⋅6 7⋅6 m 213 m within Suez Bay, about 1 mile NW of Green Island (2.206)
at the N end of Western Channel (2.220), and SSE of Sha’b
3C 188°x11⋅4 7⋅6 m 213 m Itûla (2.205).
4C 234°x8⋅6 9⋅1 m 305 m
Description
5C 213°x8⋅1 7⋅6 m 244 m 2.241
6C 170°x9⋅6 7⋅6 m 183 m 1 The berth consists of four dolphins with six mooring
7C 161°x10⋅8 7⋅6 m 183 m buoys laid in a pattern around the berth; the berth is
connected to the shore by a submarine oil pipeline which is
8C 159°x9⋅0 9⋅1 m 213 m laid to a point on the shore about 2 miles N of the berth and
9C 143°x9⋅4 9⋅1 m 244 m close E of the small basin (2.242).
A light-buoy (special pillar) is moored about 1 cables
10C 143°x12⋅4 7⋅6 m 183 m
SSE of the berth at the N end of Western Channel (2.220).
11C 134°x12⋅0 7⋅6 m 183 m 2.242
12C 145°x6⋅58 10⋅7 m 244 m 1 Basin. A small basin, contained between two breakwaters
which extend in a V-shape about 1 cables S from the shore
13C 123°x6⋅5 10⋅7 m 183 m and are protected by an outer detached breakwater, is
14C 105°x 6⋅7 10⋅7 m 183 m situated close W of the landing position of the submarine oil
pipeline.
15C 100° x 4⋅7 7⋅6 m 183 m
Beacons stand on the outer end of the main breakwaters
16C 075° x 4⋅8 10⋅7 m 183 m and at each end of the detached breakwater.
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2.243 2.252
1 Light. A light is exhibited from the dolphin that lies 1 Danger area. A dangerous coral shoal area (29°54′⋅2N,
second from S of the four dolphins that comprise the berth 32°28′⋅6E), through which it is considered unsafe to
(2.241). navigate, lies about 5 cables E of the N end of the fish
harbour (2.253) and SW of the Group B Anchorage area
Maximum size of vessel handled (2.230).
2.244
1 The berth can accommodate vessels of up to 60 000 dwt Basins and berths
with a maximum length of 228 m and a maximum draught 2.253
of 10⋅3 m. 1 Fish Harbour. A fish harbour which lies in the N part of
the port is protected to the E by a detached boulder
breakwater. The small harbour so formed is approached
VEGETABLE OIL BERTH — through an entrance channel, marked at its outer end by a
BAHR EL QULZUM
pair of light-buoys (port and starboard hand); both the
Chart 3214 channel and harbour area are dredged to a least depth of
Position 4⋅0 m.
2.245 Light. A light (29°53′⋅9N, 32°28′⋅0E) (green post) is
1 An offshore vegetable oil discharge berth (29°55′⋅2N, exhibited from the S end of the detached breakwater.
32°29′⋅4E) is situated in the NW part of Suez Bay SSW of 2.254
Sha’b Itûla (2.205). 1 Lighter quay and shipyard. A lighter quay and shipyard
lie SW of the fish harbour; both are protected to the SE by a
Description further detached boulder breakwater.
2.246 Lights are exhibited from the NE (red post) and SW
1 The berth consists of four mooring buoys connected to (green post) ends of the detached boulder breakwater SE of
the shore by a submarine oil pipeline which lands on a point the lighter quay.
on the shore about 1 mile W of the berth. The pipeline then 2.255
continues to a palm oil factory which stands a short distance 1 Quarry quays. Loading quays for ‘Atâqa quarry,
inland. connected with the railway system by a tramway, are situated
2 A light-buoy (port hand) is moored close S of the berth. between the enclosed basin and the shipyard.
Another light-buoy (port hand) is moored about 6 cables A number of cranes between 5 tonnes and 10 tonnes
E of the berth, N of Group B anchorages (2.230) and close capacity stand on the quays.
S of a detached shoal, with a least depth over it of 0⋅4 m. Light. A light is exhibited from the head of the quarry
A further light-buoy (port hand) is moored about 8 cables quay.
SSW of the berth off the W side of the Group B anchorages.
2.247
1 Leading beacons: MARSA BADR
Front beacon (black with white diamond topmark; 6 m Chart 3214
high) (29°55′⋅8N, 32°28′⋅5E). Position
Rear beacon (similar construction; 6 m in height) 2.256
(1 cables from front). 1 Marsa Badr (29°53′N, 32°28′E) is situated in the SW part
The alignment (302°) of these beacon marks the approach of Suez Bay, between the ports of ‘Atâqa (2.249) and El
to the berth and leads clear and SW of both Qal‘a Kebîra ‘Adabîya (2.261).
(2.206) and Sha’b Itûla Shoals (2.205).
2.248 Description
1 Basin. A small narrow basin, situated between two 2.257
breakwaters, lies about 1 mile NW of the berth; there are 1 The berthing complex consists of quays, dolphins and
depths of less than 2 m at the head of the basin. mooring buoys all situated in the vicinity of a small
promontory on which stand a number of conspicuous silos.
‘ATÂQA Approach
Chart 3214 2.258
Position 1 Two buoys (29°53′⋅5N, 32°28′⋅8E) (red spar) are moored
2.249 in the NE approach to the quays.
1 ‘Atâqa (29°54′N, 32°28′E) is a small town and port
situated on the W shore of Suez Bay, N of Gûnet el GÛNET EL ‘ADABÎYA
‘Adabîya (2.259).
Chart 3214
Description Description
2.250 2.259
1 The port of ‘Atâqa comprises of two main parts: 1 Gûnet el ‘Adabîya (‘Adabîya Bay) (29°52′N, 32°29′E),
North part. A fish harbour, a lighter wharf, a shipyard which forms the SW corner of Suez Bay, is a small bay
and quays for ‘Atâqa quarry. entered NW of Râs el ‘Adabîya, a low sandy spit fronted by
South part. An enclosed basin protected by a curved a drying bank which extends about 8 cables NE of the spit;
breakwater which initially extends ENE, from a point on the a light-buoy (N cardinal) marks the NE extremity of the
shore close S of ‘Atâqa, then turns towards the N. drying bank.
2.251 2 The bay is encumbered with rocks and shoals; its S shore
1 Landmark. A black water tank, standing close to a water being fringed by a coral reef. A prominent stranded wreck
pumping station, is situated about 1 mile S of ‘Atâqa. lies about 4 cables E of Râs el ‘Adabîya.
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PORT OF SUEZ
General information Density of water
2.287
1 Density 1⋅030 gms/cm#.
Chart 3214
Position
2.280 Local weather
1 Port of Suez (Bûr el Suweis) (29°57′N, 32°33′E) borders 2.288
the N shore of Suez Bay (29°54′N, 32°32′E). 1 During March and April, the wind, known locally as
Khamsin (1.268) may close the port and the Suez Canal.
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2 Vessels wishing to proceed to sea without a pilot should (iv) Vessels leaving the anchorages in Port of Suez.
request the Suez Canal Authority’s permission to do so on (v) Vessels leaving Bûr Ibrâhîm Basin (2.304), El
their own responsibility by contacting Ismailia (SUQ) stating Mînâ’ el Gedîda (2.317), El ‘Adabîya (2.261) and
‘I wish to go to sea on my own responsibility. Please the Petroleum Basin (2.322).
confirm’ and await a reply. They may then proceed to sea if (vi) Vessels using the Oil Berth (2.240).
they receive a reply, stating ‘You may proceed to sea on
your own responsibility’. Harbour
2.293
1 In foul weather vessels may also be authorised by the
Suez Canal Authority to enter the Port of Suez anchorage Storm signals
area from the main waiting anchorage area (2.16), or to 2.302
depart the Port of Suez anchorage area for sea without 1 During periods of S gales, which are most liable to occur
embarking a pilot. between October and March, a black flag is displayed by
day, and three red lights vertically disposed at night, from
the storm signal station (2.307) situated near the S corner of
Tugs South Basin.
2.294
1 Tugs are available.
Port closed signals
2.303
Traffic regulations 1 When Port of Suez is closed due to bad weather two
2.295 black cylinders, vertically disposed, are displayed by day; at
1 The following extracts are part of the traffic regulations night a green light between two red lights are exhibited from
taken from the Suez Canal Authority Rules of Navigation the Suez Canal Authority signal station (2.307) situated on
published by the Suez Canal Authority. the NW side of the canal at Port Tewfîk (2.196).
For further information consult the Suez Canal Authority
Rules of Navigation handbook. Basins and berths
2.296
1 General rules. Traffic within Port of Suez is regulated by
the following: Bûr Ibrâhîm Basin
a) All vessels shall conform to the International 2.304
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. 1 Description. Bûr Ibrâhîm Basin (29°56′⋅4N, 32°33′⋅6E) is
b) Navigation shall be limited to the approved the port area of the town of Suez (El Suweis) which is
channels only. situated about 1 miles N.
c) Crossing or overtaking in the channels is strictly 2.305
forbidden. 1 Function. The port is mainly concerned in the import and
d) Vessels must proceed with caution, and at reduced export of general cargo. The principal imports are coffee,
speed. coal, flour, coal, machinery and grain.
e) Vessels must not anchor except in the anchorages. 2.306
2.297 1 In 1998 the estimated population of Suez was 437 000.
1 Movements within Port of Suez. Vessels entering the 2.307
port from sea, or leaving the port for sea, should use 1 Description. Bûr Ibrâhîm Basin consists of North Basin
Western Channel (2.220) except vessels anchoring in and South Basin which are separated by a central mole
anchorage berths 1C to 5C (2.233) which should use the extending WSW from the NE side of the harbour.
Eastern Channel (2.217). A storm signal station stands close to the edge of the
2.298 outer wall on the S corner of South Basin, about 2 cables S
1 Vessels entering the canal from the Port of Suez and the of the front leading light; a Suez Canal Authority signal
area NW of Green Island, from the anchorages in Groups A station stands about 2 cables farther ESE.
(2.228) and B (2.230) and anchorage berths 8C to 16C 2.308
(2.233), should use Western Channel (2.220), joining Eastern 1 North Basin. Depths within the basin vary between 3⋅7 m
Channel (2.217) SE of Green Island (29°54′⋅7N, 32°31′⋅8E). and 8⋅8 m. North Quay, situated on the NW side of the
Vessels in anchor berths 1C to 7C (2.233) which should basin, is constructed of stone and has depths alongside of
proceed directly to the canal entrance. 8⋅8 m.
2.299 The middle part of the NW side of the central mole is
1 Vessels leaving the canal direct to sea should proceed faced with a wooden wharf about 80 m in length with
through Eastern Channel (2.217). depths alongside from 6⋅4 to 8⋅5 m. Several short spurs
2.300 situated NE of this wooden wharf have depths from about
1 Vessels entering the port from the canal should use 3⋅7 to 6 m outside them; there are depths of 8⋅2 m off the
Eastern Channel (2.217) and then Western Channel (2.220) SW end of the central mole.
except for vessels anchoring in anchor berths 1C to 7C 2.309
(2.233) which may proceed directly to these berths. 1 South Basin. Depths within the basin vary between 4⋅4
2.301 and 8⋅5 m. South Quay, situated on the SE side of the basin,
1 Priority of movement in Port of Suez: is constructed of stone and has depths alongside from 4⋅4 to
(i) Vessels leaving the canal. 6⋅4 m; a small jetty is situated about 100 m inside its SW
(ii) Vessels entering the canal. end.
(iii) Vessels coming from sea must wait outside the The SE side of the central mole generally has alongside
port until Eastern Channel (2.217) is clear. depths of 8⋅2 m.
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87
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Suez
Bay
2132
3.76
Sokhna
Port
12
30' 30'
Râs Za'farâna
29° 29°
Râs Budran Oil Terminal
3.251
2132
2132 3.270
Wâdi Feirân Oil Terminal
2132
Râs Ghârib
3.130
2375
28° 333 Râs Garra 28°
Râs Zeit
EG YPT 2374
S
ai
tr
t 3.
of 41
2374 G
ub
al
30' 30'
Shaker Island
3043
5501 Mariners' Routeing Guide
Hurghada
3.367
27° 27°
30' Longitude 33° East from Greenwich 30' 34° 30'
0205
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GULF OF SUEZ
GENERAL INFORMATION
Charts 159, 2373, 2374 Radio reporting
Scope of the chapter 3.6
3.1 1 A radio report is required from vessels bound for the
1 The area covered by this chapter comprises the waters Suez Canal. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume 6
of the Gulf of Suez from Suez Bay (29°54′N, 32°32′E) to (3) for further information.
Shaker Island 165 miles SSE.
Routeing
The main route through the Gulf of Suez and the Strait
3.7
of Gubal (3.311) follows the IMO-adopted Gulf of Suez
1 Chart 5501, Mariners’ Routeing Guide, should be
TSS and is described at 3.18.
consulted when planning passage through the Gulf of Suez.
The chapter is divided into the following sections:
The Routeing Guide gives information on passage
Gulf of Suez and Strait of Gubal Traffic Separation
planning, routeing regulations, aids to navigation, radio
Scheme (3.18).
reporting and other navigational advice.
Gulf of Suez oil and gas fields (3.43).
Gulf of Suez west side (3.72). Flow
Gulf of Suez east side (3.233). 3.8
Strait of Gubal (3.311). 1 Tides. In the N part of the Gulf of Suez between Suez
(29°57′N, 32°33′E) and Râs Ghârib, 100 miles SSE, HW
occurs almost simultaneously.
Description In the S part HW occurs at the time of LW at Suez and
3.2 vice versa.
1 The Gulf of Suez, which is known to the Egyptians as 3.9
Khalîg el Suweis, includes both Suez Bay and the Strait of 1 Tidal streams. With a rising tide at Suez the tidal
Gubal (3.311) and has a total length of about 175 miles and stream throughout the gulf is N-going and on a falling tide
a width between 10 and 25 miles when S of Suez Bay. at Suez it is S-going.
In mid-channel both streams tend to follow the
Topography alignment of the Gulf with a maximum rate of 1kn at
3.3 springs and kn at neaps.
1 The Gulf of Suez is bordered by high land which, in 2 In the vicinity of Râs Abu el Darag (29°23′N, 32°34′E)
many places, approaches close to the coast and often and near Sherâtîb Shoals (28°36′N, 33°08′E) which have
affords conspicuous landmarks. strong tide races over them even in calm weather, and
Coral reefs front both sides of the gulf; on the E side in elsewhere within the gulf the direction of the stream is
particular they extend a considerable distance offshore. uncertain.
In the Strait of Gubal (27°45′N, 33°50′E) the streams
attain rates between 1 and 2 kn setting N for longer than
Depths they do when setting S.
3.4 3 In the vicinity of the reefs that lie within the Strait of
1 Mariners are warned that some areas of the Gulf of Suez Gubal the stream frequently sets towards the reefs; off the
are incompletely surveyed and uncharted shoals may exist. various islands within the strait, the set is uncertain.
These areas are represented on Admiralty charts by upright 3.10
soundings and broken depth contours. 1 Tidal levels. At Suez (29°57′N, 32°33′E) the mean
In the gulf and within the Strait of Gubal there are a spring range is about 1⋅5 m and the mean neap range is
number of outlying shoal patches. about 0⋅9 m.
2 Much of the charted hydrographic information outside See Admiralty Tide Tables, Volume 3 for further
the TSS is based on old and imperfect survey information. information.
Most of these areas have not been surveyed since 1872,
and then only by leadline, and they may contain uncharted Oil and gas exploration and exploitation
coral or rock pinnacles which could be dangerous, 3.11
especially to VLCCs. 1 The Gulf of Suez is Egypt’s most prolific area of crude
See also source data diagrams on individual charts. oil production which in recent years has accounted for 80%
of the country’s oil. There are over 200 platforms in the
area; these platforms are shown on large scale charts as are
Hazards all known wells.
3.5 Numerous oil installations also exist on both shores of
1 The Gulf of Suez is recognised as an area where special the Gulf of Suez.
problems for navigation exist owing to its limited width, 2 The oil rigs and platforms are mostly marked by lights
which is further restricted by dangerous reefs and shoals, and in some cases, near traffic lanes, by coded racons; see
offshore oil and gas installations, and the volume of traffic 3.44. Mariners are warned that a number of these are
navigating in the area. temporary and they should not rely on their charted
Attention should therefore be paid to these particular positions. Due caution is required when navigating in the
hazards when navigating within the Gulf of Suez. vicinity of oil rigs and production platforms.
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3 Production platforms within the separation zones may be Mariners are requested to keep a continuous listening watch
situated close to the limits of the zones; other platforms are on SUZ broadcasts and to report any aids to navigation
situated at least 500 m beyond the outer limits of the traffic which are malfunctioning or are out of position, but have
separation lanes. not already been mentioned in the broadcasts. See
4 Oilfields are still being developed and mobile drilling Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume 3 (1).
rigs may well be encountered. It may be difficult to Shore based radar surveillance is confined to the Suez
distinguish between mobile rigs and charted platforms. The Canal, Suez Bay, and the N approaches to the TSS.
positions of mobile rigs are not charted and at times they 3.14
will drill within the traffic lanes; pipe-laying barges will 1 Caution. Mariners are warned that navigational aids in
also occasionally work within the lanes. As a result vessels the Gulf of Suez are reported to be unreliable. They may
may be caused to enter the separation zones or leave the be missing, unlit or out of position. Vessels should navigate
TSS. with particular caution.
5 The operation and movement of mobile drilling rigs are
usually made known by local radio warnings, local Notices Anchorages
to Mariners, NAVAREA IX messages and by navigation 3.15
warnings broadcast by the rigs on VHF. These warnings 1 An anchorage for deep draught vessels waiting to enter
usually recommend that vessels reduce speed 5 miles before the Suez Canal is established between South Shoal
reaching the area of the mobile rig, avoid overtaking in the (29°39′N, 32°36′E) and Conry Rock (10 miles N) (3.36).
vicinity of the rig, and pass at least 7 cables from the rig or See 2.14 for further details of S approach anchorages to the
pipe-laying barge. canal.
Restricted areas surround most of the oilfields. 2 There are many anchorages in the Gulf of Suez suitable
See cautionary notes on the relevant charts. for use by small vessels in bad weather, but, as they are all
near reefs, caution is necessary when approaching them.
Visibility The sun should be astern and a lookout kept from a high
3.12 point on the vessel. See 1.10 and The Mariner’s Handbook
1 Visibility within the Gulf of Suez may be reduced by for information on navigation in coral waters.
strong S winds, which mostly occur between February and When anchoring it is advisable to keep a moderate
May, raising sand and dust storms. distance offshore as wind shifts are often sudden and
Intense gas flares and bright lights within the oilfields unexpected.
and at the oil terminals, particularly on the Tor Bank (3.40)
and near Râs Shukheir (3.40), may make it difficult to
identify the navigation lights of other vessels in the
Transhipment anchorages
vicinity. 3.16
Fixed navigational lights may sometimes be sighted well 1 Two transhipment areas, designated A and B, have been
beyond their listed range due to abnormal refraction. established, as shown on the charts, 6 miles SSE of
Conry Rock (29°48′N, 32°34′E) and 3 miles SE of South
Aids to navigation Shoal (29°39′N, 32°36′E).
3.13
1 Aids to navigation including lights, racons, light-beacons Submarine cables
and light-floats are established throughout the Gulf of Suez 3.17
to aid safe navigation of the TSS and the safe approach to 1 Submarine cables, as shown on the chart, are laid from a
the major oil terminals situated within the Gulf of Suez. position about 2 miles SSW of Râs el ‘Adabîya (29°52′N,
The disposition and range of the lights is such that, 32°31′E) (2.259) and extend S through the Gulf of Suez
under normal conditions of operation and visibility, vessels following the line of the TSS.
should be within sight of at least two fixing marks at all An area in which anchoring and fishing are prohibited
times whilst transiting the TSS. owing to submarine cables extends about 2 miles E and
2 Any information regarding faults or changes to the aids 12 miles S from Râs Muhaggara (29°49′N, 32°29′E), as
to navigation is broadcast by Serapeum Radio (SUZ). shown on the chart.
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Routeing Hazards
3.19 3.24
1 See 3.7. 1 An area declared dangerous due to mines, in which
navigation is prohibited, lies NW of Râs Ab Bakr
(28°33′N, 32°56′E), as shown on the chart. See Appendix I.
Route An extensive marine farm lies close N of the above
3.20 prohibited area.
1 The route through the Gulf of Suez TSS from Suez Bay
Pilotage
(29°54′N, 32°32′E) to the S entrance to the Strait of Gubal
3.25
(27°30′N, 34°06′E) leads about 168 miles SSE.
1 There are no regular pilots available for passage through
the Gulf of Suez.
Rules and recommendations Radio reporting
3.21 3.26
1 The fact that a vessel is on transit through the Gulf of 1 Vessels bound for the Suez Canal should, when
Suez TSS Scheme does not give that vessel any special approaching North AS Light-float (29°35′N, 32°33′E),
privilege or right of way. report to the Port of Suez Harbour Office on VHF. See
Vessels using the traffic lanes must proceed at a safe Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume 6 (3) for further
speed taking particular account of the volume of traffic and details.
conditions of restricted visibility.
2 Particular account should be taken of the possibility of
Submarine cables
meeting crossing traffic in the Precautionary Area off Râs 3.27
Shukheir (3.40) and in the junction off Ain Sukhna 1 See 3.17.
Terminal (3.101). Vessels should be in a heightened state of Regulations
readiness to manoeuvre in these areas. 3.28
3 The traffic lanes in the Gulf of Suez are narrow, and, in 1 IMO approved regulations. The following rules for
places, the separation zone between them is only 5 cables vessels navigating in the Gulf of Suez have been approved
wide; many fixed platforms lie within the separation zones. by the IMO.
Exceptional care is needed when overtaking so as not to 1.1 Ships should take into account that crossing
enter the separation zone or force an overtaken ship to do traffic may be encountered in the traffic junction E
so. of Ain Sukhna (3.101) and in the precautionary
Attention is drawn to Rule 10 of the International area off Râs Shukheir (3.40), and should be in a
Regulations for Preventing Collisions At Sea (1972). high state of readiness to manoeuvre in these
areas.
2 1.2 Exceptional care is needed, when overtaking
Depths another ship within a lane, not to enter the
3.22 separation zone or force the overtaken ship to do
1 Charted depths throughout the Gulf of Suez TSS are so.
generally well in excess of 20 m. However, within the 1.3 Ships navigating in the Gulf of Suez are
scheme, least charted depths of 23⋅5 m lie about 8 and requested to keep continuous listening watch on
9 miles SE of Râs Ruahmi (28°44′N, 32°50′E) and about the Suez Gulf Traffic Information Broadcasts and
6 miles SE of Râs Ghârib (28°21′N, 33°06′E). report any aids to navigation which are
2 A shoal depth of 12⋅5 m lies in the N corner of the malfunctioning or are out of position and which
precautionary area E of Râs Shukheir (3.40), about are not already included in the Suez Gulf Traffic
2 miles N of Râs Shukheir Light-float (28°10′N, Information Broadcasts.
33°20′E). A light-buoy (isolated danger; racon) is moored 3 2.1 All ocean-going ships should have their radar in
about 5 cables S of the shoal. effective use by day and night throughout the
3 A shoal, with a least depth over it of 20 m, lies about passage between Shaker Island and the Port of
2 miles SW of Shag Rock (27°47′N, 33°53′E) (3.42), close Suez as an aid to achieving maximum feasible lane
NE of the boundary of the N-bound lane of the TSS. A conformity and avoiding risk of collision.
light-buoy (isolated danger; racon) is moored close W of Particular care is required for strict adherence to
the shoal. the confines of relevant traffic lanes.
A shoal with a depth of 29⋅5 m over it and a dangerous 2.2 Ships proceeding S from Suez [Suweis] should be
wreck lie 1 mile SE. alert for tankers heading for the SUMED Oil
A shoal area with a least charted depth of 27 m over it Terminal off Ain Sukhna.
lies about 6 miles SE of Shag Rock. 4 2.3 N-bound tankers heading for the SUMED Oil
See caution at 3.4. Terminal should report their intention of using the
traffic junction off Ain Sukhna (3.101) on the
appropriate frequencies.
Caution 2.4 All ships N and S-bound when navigating through
3.23 the precautionary area off Râs Shukheir (3.40) or
1 The coast between Râs Misalla (29°49′N, 32°37′E) and in the vicinity of the July Oilfield (3.57) should
Râs Sudr (14 miles S) is fringed with coral reefs. If sailing avoid overtaking in the traffic lanes in these areas.
outside the N-bound traffic separation lane vessels are 5 2.5 All ships, including service and supply craft
advised to remain outside the 30 m depth contour to clear serving the oil workings in July (3.57), Ramadan
Conry Rock (3.36) and the other shoal patches which lie in (3.56) and Morgan Oilfields (3.60), proceeding in
this vicinity. and out of Râs Shukheir Oil Terminal (3.152)
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should only cross the S and N-bound traffic flow Lahata Light (white daymark on framework tower,
through the precautionary area off Râs Shukheir. 39 m in height; racon) (29°41′N, 32°41′E).
Within the precautionary area local rules apply 3.34
relating to crossing traffic. 1 Major lights — west side Gulf of Suez:
6 2.6 Tankers leaving the Râs Shukheir Oil Terminal Râs Muhaggara Light (white daymark on framework
(3.152) and intending to join the N-bound traffic tower, 39 m in height) (29°49′N, 32°28′E).
lane should only do so when no through S-bound Ain Sukhna Light (white daymark on framework
traffic is in the vicinity and should always report tower, 39 m in height; racon) (29°36′N, 32°21′E).
their movements to other ships beforehand on Râs Abu el Darag Light (white round tower on white
VHF. square building; racon) (29°23′N, 32°34′E).
7 2.7 Ships anchored in the designated waiting area for Râs Za’farâna Light (white round stone tower and
Râs Shukheir should ensure that they are never white square dwelling, 25 m in height; racon)
less than mile from the edge of the S-bound (29°07′N, 32°40′E).
traffic lane and should pay special regard to their Râs Ruahmi Light (black GRP tower, 10 m in height;
correct light signals for ships at anchor. They racon) (28°43′N, 32°49′E).
should also show their deck lights. False Râs Ghârib Light (white GRP tower, red stripe,
3.29 10 m in height) (28°31′N, 32°58′E).
1 Egyptian regulations. The Egyptian authorities have Râs Ghârib Light (white daymark on white metal
issued the following further instructions to all vessels framework tower, white dwelling, 39 m in height;
transiting the Gulf of Suez TSS: racon) (28°21′N, 33°07′E).
1. No overtaking whatsoever between the parallels of El Mallâha Light (red GRP tower, 10 m in height)
28°00′N and 28°20′N. (28°15′N, 33°10′E).
2. No overtaking near any area congested with rigs Râs Shukheir Light (white square on framework
or oil fields. tower, 17 m in height) (28°08′N, 33°17′E).
3. Reduce speed in the vicinity of, and avoid Râs Dîb Light (black GRP tower, 10 m in height)
approaching, rigs, seismic vessels and oil field (28°02′N, 33°25′E).
platforms. Râs Zeit Light (white GRP beacon, red stripe, 10 m
2 4. Vessels transiting the TSS between the parallels of in height) (27°57′N, 33°31′E).
29°25′N and 29°35′N, must co-ordinate their Mersa Zeitîya Light (black GRP tower, white stripe,
passage with any VLCC proceeding to Ain 10 m height) (27°50′N, 33°35′E).
Sukhna Oil Terminal (3.101). 3.35
5. Keep a continuous radar watch. 1 Major lights — Strait of Gubal:
6. Keep a continuous watch on VHF channel 13 for Ashrâfi Reef Light (black brick structure, white
navigational warnings broadcast by oil rigs. bands) (27°47′N, 33°42′E).
Navigational warnings are broadcast by Serapeum Shag Rock Light (yellow beacon, black band; racon)
Radio (SUZ). See Admiralty List of Radio Signals, (27°47′N, 33°53′E).
Volume 3 (1) for further details. Qâd Ibn Haddân Light (white rectangle on framework
tower, 39 m in height; racon) (27°48′N, 34°06′E).
Bluff Point Light (white GRP tower, 10 m in height;
VHF radio watch racon) (27°41′N, 33°49′E).
3.30 Siyûl Kebîra Light (white GRP tower, black stripe,
1 Vessels within the Gulf of Suez should maintain a 10 m in height) (27°34′N, 33°53′E).
continuous listening watch on VHF; see Admiralty List of Râs Muhammad Light (white round GRP tower, black
Radio Signals, Volume 6 (3). bands, 10 m in height; racon) (27°44′N, 34°15′E).
Shaker Island Light (white round stone tower, black
stripe; white dwelling, black stripes; racon)
Prohibited area (27°27′N, 34°02′E).
3.31
1 It is prohibited to approach Shaker Island (27°30′N,
34°00′E) closer than 3 km (1⋅62 miles) by day and 6 km
(3⋅24 miles) by night. Directions
This regulation does not apply to shipping using the
Gulf of Suez TSS.
Charts 2133, 2373
Suez Bay to Râs Ab Bakr
Local magnetic anomaly 3.36
3.32 1 From a position about 3 miles SSE of Râs ‘Adabîya
1 The normal magnetic variation has been observed to (29°52′N, 32°31′E) (2.259) in the vicinity of No 2
decrease by 1° when passing Shaker Island (27°30′N, Light-float (safe water) (29°48′⋅6N, 32°32′⋅1E) the track
34°00′E). initially leads S, passing (with positions given from Râs
Abu el Darag Light (29°23′N, 32°34′E)):
2 E of Râs Muhaggara Light (26 miles N) (3.34) which
Principal marks is exhibited about 1 mile SW of Râs Muhaggara,
3.33 thence:
1 Major lights — east side Gulf of Suez: W of Conry Rock (25 miles N), which is marked
Qâdd el Tawîla Light (white daymark on framework on its S side by Conry Rock Light-float (W
tower, 39 m in height; racon) (29°48′N, 32°38′E). cardinal). See caution at 3.23. Thence:
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3 W of Qâdd el Tawîla Light (25 miles N) (3.33). ENE of Zaafarana Oilfield (4 miles NNE) (3.48),
Qâdd el Tawîla, a drying coral reef, extends W thence:
from the coast in front of the light; deep water lies 2 ENE of Râs Za’farâna from which Râs Za’farâna
about 3 cables from its W extremity. Thence: Light (3.34) is exhibited. A radio mast and a radio
E of Râs Sâdât Terminal (24 miles NNW) (3.98), tower stand close W of the point. A wind
thence: generation complex stands on a ridge about 5 miles
4 W of Râs Diheisa (23 miles N). ‘L’ Light-buoy NW of the point. Thence:
(starboard hand) is moored about 1 miles WSW WSW of Râs Mal’ab (15 miles ENE) a low sandy
of Râs Diheisa on the E side of the deep draught point; a water tower stands close N of the point.
anchorage (2.14). Thence: The small harbour of Mersa Hammâm (3.286) lies
W of Lahata Light (18 miles NNE) (3.33), thence: close SE of the point. Thence:
5 W of No 1 Light-float (safe water; racon) (17 miles 3 WSW of East Tanka Oilfield (18 miles ESE) (3.49)
N) which is moored in the traffic separation zone which lies about 9 miles WSW of Râs Abu
about 1 miles N of the designated crossing place Zenîma (3.289), thence:
for traffic bound for Ain Sukhna Terminal (3.101). WSW of North Amer Oilfield (24 miles SE) (3.51)
See 3.29 with regard to co-ordination of passage which lies within the traffic separation zone about
through the precautionary area with any VLCC 6 miles NE of Râs Ruahmi, and WSW of October
proceeding to the terminal. Oilfield (26 miles SE) (3.50) which lies on the E
3.37 side of the gulf about 8 miles SW of Râs Budran
1 Thence, the track continues S and SSE, passing: (3.234). Thence:
W of South Shoal (16 miles N), a detached shoal 4 ENE of Râs Ruahmi (24 miles SSE). Râs Ruahmi
with three heads. The shoal is marked on its W Light (3.34) is exhibited from a position just in
side by South Shoal Light-buoy (W cardinal). A from the coast, about 1 mile SSW of the point.
further detached shoal area, with a least depth over Submarine pipelines are laid to the North Amer
it of 19⋅6 m, lies about 1 miles N. Thence: Oilfield (3.51) from a position close N of the
2 E of Ain Sukhna Light (18 miles NW) (3.34) and point. See also 3.22. Thence:
through the W-bound crossing area which lies off 5 ENE of a shoal patch (28°36′N, 32°58′E) with a
off Ain Sukhna. The green sector (260°−273°) of depth of 19⋅8 m over it which lies just outside the
Ain Sukhna Light covers this designated crossing S-bound lane of the Gulf of Suez TSS. Two
place for vessels proceeding towards the terminal, further shoal patches, with least depths of 20 m
thence: over them, lie about 2 miles and 1 miles W and
3 WSW of North AS Light-float (safe water) NW respectively. A prohibited area lies W of these
(12 miles N) which is moored in the traffic shoal patches. See also 3.24. Thence:
separation zone. Thence: WSW of Râs Sherâtîb (28°40′N, 33°12′E), a low and
WSW of a detached shoal patch (12 miles NNE), sandy point fringed with coral reefs, thence:
with a least depth over it of 18⋅3 m, which lies 6 ENE of Râs Ab Bakr (28°33′N, 32°56′E) which is
about 3 miles WSW of Râs Sudr (3.239), thence: fronted by a reef on the edge of which stands an
4 WSW of South AS Light-float (safe water) (6 miles above-water rock. Submarine pipelines extend
NNE) which is moored in the traffic separation NNE from the point to the October Oilfield (3.50)
zone close N of the designated crossing place for and from various positions SE of the point to the
traffic departing from Ain Sukhna Terminal (3.101) Amer Oilfield (3.54). Numerous conspicuous oil
and intending to join the N-bound traffic lane, rigs, tanks and flares together with other buildings
thence: and settlements are situated on the flat coastal
5 WSW of Râs Matârma (9 miles ENE) a low and plain which lies between Râs Ab Bakr and Râs
sandy point; an extensive lagoon indents the coast Ghârib (15 miles SE) (3.39). A jetty, situated about
E of the point. Two towers stand on the hilly 3 miles SE of Râs Ab Bakr, is reported to be
slopes about 6 miles E of the point; the SE tower radar conspicuous; two further jetties lie farther
is black and conspicuous. Thence: SSE.
6 ENE of Râs Abu el Darag from which Râs Abu el
Darag Light (3.34) is exhibited; a ruined Charts 2374, 333
lighthouse stands close inland. Abu el Darag Râs Ab Bakr to Râs Zeit
Shoal, a rocky shallow spit, extends about 8 cables 3.39
E from the shore from a position about 3 miles SE 1 From a position in the S-bound lane of the Gulf of Suez
of the Râs Abu el Darag Light; a stranded wreck TSS, about 5 miles ENE of Râs Ab Bakr (28°33′N,
lies on the shoal. A conspicuous radio tower (red 32°56′E), the track continues for a farther 48 miles,
obstruction lights) stands on the coast about generally SE, passing (with positions given from Râs
3 miles SSE of the light. Thence: Shukheir (28°08′N, 33°17′E)):
7 WSW of Râs Abu Suweira (14 miles ESE). 2 WSW of Sherâtîb Shoals (28°36′N, 33°08′E) a group
of rocky patches which lie about 6 miles SW of
Râs Sherâtîb (3.38) and extend up to 4 miles W of
Chart 2373 Sha‘b el Hasa. The Belayim Oilfield (3.52) stands
3.38 in the vicinity of these shoals over which there is
1 Thence, passing (with positions given from Râs a least depth of 6 m. A shallow rocky bank
Za’farâna Light (29°07′N, 32°40′E)): extends from the coast S of Râs Sherâtîb, W
WSW of Râs Lagia (14 miles NE). Qâd Mal’ab, a towards Sherâtîb Shoals; Sha‘b el Hasa is a drying
coral bank extends up to 1 miles offshore coral reef which lies at the W edge of this bank.
between Râs Lagia and Râs Mal’ab, thence: See also 3.9. Thence:
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3 ENE of the Amer Oilfield (28°32′N, 32°58′E) (3.54), SW of the Nessim Oilfield (13 miles E) (3.62),
thence: thence:
ENE of False Râs Ghârib (28°29′N, 33°00′E). False 6 NE of Râs Dîb (9 miles SE) from which Râs Dîb
Râs Ghârib Light (3.34) is exhibited from a Light (3.34) is exhibited. Conspicuous wrecks lie
position about 2 miles NW of the point. Thence: both 8 cables WNW and about 3 and 4 miles SE
WSW of Râs Gihân (22 miles N), thence: of the point; all are reported to be radar
ENE of Sha‘b Ghârib Oilfield (18 miles NW) conspicuous. The S-most of the three wrecks is by
(3.55), thence: far the largest. Thence:
4 ENE of Râs Ghârib (15 miles NW). Râs Ghârib 7 SW of the shoal patch (16 miles ESE), with a least
Light (3.34) is exhibited from a position close NW depth over it of 14 m, that lies about 2 miles SW
of the point; the old light tower stands 50 m SSW of Felix Jones Patches. Amal Oilfield (3.64) and
of the new light. Numerous leading lights and Waly Oilfield (3.65) lie on Felix Jones Patches; a
beacons are situated in the vicinity of, and up to charted depth of 8 m (position doubtful) lies on the
1 miles S of, Râs Ghârib. These aids are E side of the shoal, thence:
intended for use by vessels anchoring at the three 8 NE of Râs Zeit (17 miles SE) a slight projection
Sea Berths of Râs Ghârib Oil Terminal (3.131). An from the coast. Râs Zeit Light (3.34) is exhibited
oil production platform situated about 3 miles SE from a position about 5 cables NW of the point. A
of Râs Ghârib is connected by submarine pipeline flare, whose position is approximate, stands on the
to the July Oilfield (3.57). Thence: coast about 4 miles SSE of the point.
5 ENE of El Mallâha Light (9 miles NW) (3.34),
thence:
6 WSW of the July Oilfield (6 miles N) (3.57) which is Chart 2375
situated within the separation zone of the Gulf of Râs Zeit to Shaker Island
Suez TSS and is the centre of a complex web of 3.41
submarine pipelines whose layout can best be seen 1 From a position in the S-bound lane of the Gulf of Suez
on Chart 333. Racons transmit from platforms TSS, about 2 miles NE of Râs Zeit (27°57′N, 33°31′E), the
J–29 and J–62 which form part of the oilfield track continues SE for about 40 miles to a position at the
complex. A dangerous wreck lies close within the S-end of the TSS, NE of Shaker Island Light (3.35)
separation zone NW of the oilfield. passing (with positions given from Shag Rock Light
3.40 (27°47′N, 33°53′E)):
1 Thence from Tor Bank to Râs Zeit, passing: 2 SW of SIDKI B oil production platform (16 miles
2 WSW of Tor Bank (8 miles NE) which lies in the NW) (3.66) which is connected by submarine
centre of the Gulf of Suez and extends about pipeline to Platform GS–365 which lies about
12 miles SE from a position E of Râs Ghârib. The 3 miles NNW. An area in which anchoring and
bank, for the most part, has depths over it between trawling is prohibited lies close S of platform
20 m and 30 m, sand and shell, but much lesser GS−365. Thence:
depths lie over several coral patches on the bank. 3 NE of East Zeit Terminal (16 miles WNW) (3.183)
Moresby Shoal (28°11′N, 33°27′E), one of the and Zeit Bay Terminal (3.194) which lies 1 mile S.
coral patches, has a least depth over it of 5⋅5 m. Umm el Kimân (27°50′N, 33°35′E), a low sandy
Ramadan Oilfield (3.56), Morgan Oilfield (3.60) islet, is situated on the S part of a coral reef about
and Badri Oilfield (3.58) are all situated on Tor 9 cables SW of East Zeit Terminal. A coastguard
Bank. ASMA−B (28°13′⋅2N, 33°20′⋅5E) is the station stands on the islet and a large brown flat
SW-most platform which stands on Tor Bank, roofed building stands on its SW point. Mersa
close NE of the boundary of the N-bound lane of Zeitîya Light (3.34) is exhibited from the coast
the TSS. Thence: about 2 miles SSW from Umm el Kimân. Thence:
3 ENE of Râs Shukheir which rises in gravel cliffs to 4 SW of East Zeit Oilfield (12 miles NW) (3.67)
an elevation of about 77 m. A group of brown which lies between the traffic lanes in the middle
tanks stands on top of these cliffs together with a of the traffic separation zone; Poynder Shoal lies
number of radio masts; further installations lie at about 4 miles NE. Thence:
their foot. Râs Shukheir Light (3.34) is exhibited SW of the Hilal Oilfield (9 miles WNW) (3.69)
from a position close S of the point; flares burn which lies within the traffic separation zone,
intermittently 5 cables and 1 mile SSE of the light. thence:
Râs Shukheir Oil Terminal (3.152) lies close E of 5 NE of oil production platform WHP2 (light, racon
the point, thence: (10 miles WNW)) (see Chart 2374 plan Zeit
4 SW of Râs Shukheir Light-float (safe water; racon) Terminals) part of the Ashrâfi Oilfield (3.70)
which is moored in the centre of the precautionary which lies off the NE side of the shoal areas N of
area which lies in the approaches to Râs Shukheir the Ashrâfi Islands (3.313). A further oil
Oil Terminal. A shoal patch, with a least depth production platform lies about 1 miles SE, about
over it of 12⋅5 m and marked by a light-buoy, lies 5 cables SW of the boundary of the S-bound lane
in the NE corner of the precautionary area, see of the TSS. Thence:
3.22. Thence: 6 NE of Ashrâfi Reef Light (9 miles W) (3.35) which
5 NE of the shoal patch (6 miles ESE) with a depth is exhibited from the E side of a small islet that
of 12⋅5 m over it, which lies just outside the limit lies on the E side of Ashrâfi Channel (3.339),
of the SE-bound traffic lane. A light-buoy (isolated thence:
danger; racon) is moored ENE of the patch. 7 SW of Sha‘b Ali (4 miles NNW), a below-water coral
Thence: reef with numerous heads, which lies between
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3 and 8 miles off the NE shore of the gulf. The N exhibited from the E side of the islet. Sha‘b Umm
end of the reef lies about 3 miles WSW of Râs ‘Usk, a below-water reef whose edges are clearly
Kenîsa (3.235), the S end is marked by Shag Rock visible in daylight, lies 3 miles WNW of Sha‘b
Light (3.35). In thick weather the W side of Sha‘b Abu Nuhâs. Blind Reef, which is small and
Ali should be given a prudent berth; a shoal, with steep-to, lies 1 miles ESE of Siyûl Kebîra; this
a least depth over it of 17⋅4 m, lies off the NW reef is not clearly visible. Thence:
side of the reef. 6 SW of Beacon Rock (13 miles ESE), known locally
3.42 as Wusool Abu Mahmûd, lies at the SE end of
1 Thence, from Shag Rock to N end of the Red Sea, Sha‘b Mahmûd, a below-water coral reef. Beacon
passing: Rock Light (S cardinal beacon) is exhibited from
2 SW of Shag Rock from which Shag Rock Light the rock, thence:
(3.35) is exhibited; a racon transmits from the 7 NE of Shaker Island (15 miles SSE), which forms the
light. In 1984 a line of breakers was observed SW entrance to the Strait of Gubal (3.311). The
extending SE from Shag Rock indicating a island is rugged and attains an elevation of over
possible underwater reef in this vicinity. A shoal, 300 m at its SE end; the hills rising on the island
with a least depth over it of 20 m, marked by a are divided by ravines, the sides of which are
light-buoy (isolated danger; racon), lies about steep. Shaker Island Light (3.35) is exhibited from
2 miles SW of Shag Rock close NE of the of the the SE extremity of the island. For prohibited area
boundary of the N-bound lane of the TSS; a see 3.31. Thence:
dangerous wreck lies about 1 mile SE. See also 8 SW of Râs Muhammad (19 miles E), the S
3.22. Thence: extremity of the Sinai Peninsula, from which Râs
3 NE of Bluff Point (7 miles SW) the NE extremity of Muhammad Light (3.35) is exhibited. The point is
Gûbâl Saghîra the S-most of several islets standing an abrupt broken cliff with a flat top, about 27 m
on Sha‘b Gûbâl (3.357); Bluff Point Light (3.35) is in height which descends on its N side to a low
exhibited from the point. Sha‘b Gûbâl which plain of gravel and destroyed coral that together
extends about 3 miles NNW of Gûbâl Island form a peninsula connected to the mainland by a
(27°39′N, 33°48′E) has some black coral narrow isthmus. Râs Muhammad should be
above-water rocks at its edges, its E side is approached with caution at night as the cliff and
steep-to; Gûbâl Island rises to a rounded summit land are not easily visible; to the S and E the
123 m high; the E side of the island is steep-to. A point is steep-to and free of dangers. Black Hill,
beacon (iron tripod, cone topmark, 9 m in height) about 2 miles NNW of the light, is black,
marks the NW edge of the reef. Thence: rounded and rises to a height of 58 m; a flat
4 SW of Qâd Ibn Haddân (11 miles E), Qâd Ibn sand-coloured hill, of nearly the same elevation,
Haddân Light (3.35) is exhibited from a position lies SE of Black Hill. From the SW, in the middle
about 1 miles NNE of the point. Sha‘b Surûr lies of the Strait of Gubal, these hills appear as islands
4 miles W of the point, thence: with Trn Island (27°57′N, 34°33′E) (8.31)
5 NE of Sha‘b Abu Nuhâs (12 miles S). Sha‘b Abu showing over them. Sha‘b el ‘Utâf is an extensive
Nuhâs Light (red square on beacon; racon) stands reef which extends about 6 miles W from the W
on the reef. Navigation in the vicinity of Sha‘b side of Râs Muhammad. For area to be avoided,
Abu Nuhâs should be undertaken with care as the see 3.322. Thence:
reef only uncovers at extreme low water and there 9 To a position about 5 miles E of Shaker Island Light
are strong undercurrents on its N side. Siyûl (27°27′N, 34°02′E) (3.35).
Kebîra, which stands on a drying reef that is (Directions continue at 4.14, 5.15 and 8.8)
clearly defined and mostly steep-to, lies about
3 miles WSW; Siyûl Kebîra Light (3.35) is
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(3.62), Amal Oilfield (3.64), Waly Oilfield (3.65), East Zeit North Amer Oilfield
Oilfield (3.67), Hilal Oilfield (3.69), Ashrâfi Oilfield (3.70),
Description
Sha‘b Ali Oilfield (3.68) and the Geisum Oilfield (3.71).
These areas are shown on the charts. 3.51
1 North Amer Oilfield (28°48′N, 32°56′E) lies in the
separation zone of the Gulf of Suez TSS, about 7 miles NE
Uncharted drilling rigs and service vessels of Râs Ruahmi (3.38).
3.46 Oil pipelines have been laid leading SW from the field
1 Uncharted drilling rigs may be temporarily located, both to land on the W side of the gulf close N of Râs Ruahmi.
inside and outside the Gulf of Suez TSS, in the central and Racons transmit from Platforms FF−83−2 and GG−83−2,
southern portions of the gulf. Details are promulgated by the two platforms which comprise the oilfield.
local Navigation Warnings.
Other uncharted structures, both lit and unlit, and Belayim Oilfield
submerged installations, some marked by buoys, may exist.
For further information, see The Mariner’s Handbook. Charts 2373, 2374
Service vessels may be encountered crossing the main Description
shipping routes. 3.52
1 Belayim Oilfield (28°36′N, 33°08′E) which lies about
Pipelines 5 miles off the E side of the Gulf of Suez, in the vicinity
3.47 of Sherâtîb Shoals (3.39), consists of numerous oil
1 The direction and location of the various submarine production platforms.
pipelines connecting the numerous offshore oil production Oil, gas and water submarine pipelines have been laid
platforms in the Gulf of Suez are best seen on the chart. from the field to land on the E side of the gulf about
2 miles SSE of Râs Sherâtîb (3.38). See caution at 1.21.
2 A light exhibited about 5 miles WSW of Râs Sherâtîb
Zaafarana Oilfield marks an above-water drill pipe.
A light (framework beacon, 7 m in height; racon) is
Chart 2373 exhibited from Platform D 10 on the W side of the oilfield.
Description 3.53
3.48 1 Restricted area. A restricted area, as shown on the
1 Zaafarana Oilfield (29°11′N, 32°42′E) lies W of the chart, surrounds the whole of the oilfield; only vessels
S-bound traffic lane of the Gulf of Suez TSS, about engaged in servicing the oilfield are permitted to enter this
area.
4 miles NNE of Râs Za’farâna (29°07′N, 32°40′E) (3.38).
2 The oilfield consists of a Production Platform HB 77–5, Anchoring and fishing are prohibited within the
which is connected by submarine pipeline to Za’farâna restricted area.
Terminal (3.125); a tanker storage facility is moored close See also 3.45.
SW. Amer Oilfield
A racon transmits from the platform. Chart 2374
See also 3.45. Description
3.54
1 Amer Oilfield (28°32′N, 32°58′E) lies close off the W
East Tanka Oilfield side of the Gulf of Suez between Râs Ab Bakr (3.38) and
False Râs Ghârib (3.39).
Description Submarine pipelines connect each platform individually
3.49 to the shore.
1 East Tanka Oilfield (28°57′N, 32°58′E) lies E of the A number of the production platforms have been
N-bound traffic lane of the Gulf of Suez TSS, about removed from the oilfield; the redundant pipelines are
12 miles WNW of Râs Budran (3.234). shown on the chart.
The field is connected to the October Oilfield (9 miles
SE) (3.50) by oil and gas pipelines. See caution at 1.21. Sha‘b Ghârib Oilfield
A racon transmits from the N-most platform of the
Description
oilfield.
3.55
1 Sha‘b Ghârib Oilfield (28°24′N, 33°05′E) lies close
October Oilfield offshore about 3 miles NW of Râs Ghârib (3.39);
submarine pipelines are laid from the platforms to the
Description shore.
3.50 Several jetties project from the shore in the vicinity of
1 October Oilfield (28°51′N, 33°04′E) lies E of the the oilfield.
N-bound traffic lane of the Gulf of Suez TSS, about
Ramadan Oilfield
8 miles SW of Râs Budran (3.234).
The field is connected to the East Tanka Oilfield Charts 333, 2374
(9 miles NW) by oil and gas pipelines, and to Râs Ab Description
Bakr (20 miles SSW) (3.38) which lies on the W side of 3.56
the gulf. A further oil pipeline is laid E from the field to 1 Ramadan Oilfield (28°18′N, 33°18′E) lies at the NW end
land on the E side of the gulf about 7 miles S of Râs of the Tor Bank (3.40), E of the N-bound traffic lane of
Budran. the Gulf of Suez TSS, about 7 miles SW of Râs Sheikh el
See caution at 1.21. Bitân (28°23′N, 33°24′E).
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2 Various submarine pipelines, which are best seen on the gas and water submarine pipelines to the Badri Oilfield
chart, are laid between the oilfield and the July Oilfield (3.58) which lies close N. See also 1.21.
(3.57), the Badri Oilfield (3.58) and to the shore. Further 2 Submarine oil and gas pipelines have been laid between
submarine pipelines are laid between the oilfield and the Morgan Oilfield and the Nessim Oilfield (3.62), and an
Platform GS–277 which lies about 7 miles N, and Platform oil pipeline has been laid between the oilfield and the
SB−305 which lies about 7 miles E, close E of a shoal area South Belayim Oilfield (3.63). Further oil, gas and water
with a least depth over it of 8⋅6 m. pipelines, as shown on the chart, have been laid between
A racon transmits from a platform near the centre of the the oilfield and the W shore of the Gulf of Suez and
oilfield. Platform GS–327 which lies off the E side of the gulf,
See also 3.45. about 3 miles SW of El Tûr (3.298) outside the restricted
area.
July Oilfield 3 A racon transmits from Platform M–72 in the SW part
of the oilfield; a number of gas flares burn from the
Description oilfield.
3.57 3.61
1 July Oilfield (28°15′N, 33°15′E) lies within the 1 Restricted area. A restricted area, as shown on the
separation zone of the Gulf of Suez TSS, about 6 miles N chart, in which only vessels engaged in servicing the
of Râs Shukheir (3.40). oilfields are permitted to enter, encloses both the Badri and
Oil, gas and water submarine pipelines are laid S from Morgan Oilfields.
the oilfield to land on the W side of the gulf between Râs See also 3.45.
Shukheir and a position about 4 miles NW. Further gas
pipelines are laid between the oilfield and the Ramadan
Nessim Oilfield
Oilfield (3.56). See caution at 1.21.
2 Platform SG300, from which a racon transmits, is Description
situated about 3 miles SE of Râs Ghârib (28°21′N,
3.62
33°07′E) and is connected to the July Oilfield by a
1 Nessim Oilfield (28°09′N, 33°32′E) lies close SE of the
submarine oil pipeline; platform NJ−1 (28°19′⋅2N,
Morgan Oilfield (3.60) to which it is connected by
33°13′⋅7E) is situated in the middle of the separation zone
submarine oil and gas pipelines.
of the Gulf of Suez TSS, about 2 miles NNW of the N end
Further pipelines are laid between the oilfield and
of the oilfield.
Platform GS–345 which lies about 3 miles S of the
3 Racons transmit from Platform J–29, the W-most
oilfield outside the restricted area; a gas pipeline is laid
platform; and Platform J–62, the E-most platform, of the
between the field and the South Belayim Oilfield (3.63).
oilfield.
See also 3.45 and 1.21.
A conspicuous flare (28°15′N, 33°15′E), which is
connected by walkway to the central complex of the field,
is a useful mark to identify the oilfield. South Belayim Oilfield
See also 3.45.
Description
Badri Oilfield 3.63
1 South Belayim Oilfield (28°08′N, 33°39′E) (Younis
Description Oilfield) lies about 2 miles S of Sheikh Riyâh Harbour
3.58 (3.308) and is connected by a submarine oil pipeline to the
1 Badri Oilfield (28°14′N, 33°27′E) lies on the E side of Morgan Oilfield (3.60) and by a submarine gas pipeline to
the Tor Bank (3.40) and is connected by a web of oil, gas the Nessim Oilfield (3.62).
and water submarine pipelines to the Morgan Oilfield
(3.60) which lies close S. See caution at 1.21.
2 A submarine oil pipeline has been laid between the Amal Oilfield
oilfield and the Ramadan Oilfield (3.56); an oil pipeline
Description
leads SW to land on the W side of the gulf in the vicinity
3.64
of Râs Shukheir (3.40); and a gas pipeline has been laid
1 Amal Oilfield (28°04′N, 33°35′E) lies in the NE part of
SSW from the S part of the oilfield to land in the vicinity
Felix Jones Patches (3.40).
of the Râs Shukheir LPG Terminal (3.176).
A submarine oil pipeline, which is laid between the
A flare platform is situated on the SW side of the Badri
oilfield and the W shore of the Gulf of Suez, lands about
complex, about 11 miles ENE of Râs Shukheir.
1 mile SSE of Râs Dîb (3.40).
3.59
A racon transmits from Platform AMAL–9 the only
1 Restricted area. A restricted area, as shown on the
platform situated over the oilfield.
chart, in which only vessels engaged in servicing the
See also 3.45.
oilfields are permitted to enter, encloses both the Badri and
Morgan Oilfields (3.60).
See restricted and prohibited areas 3.45. Waly Oilfield
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range of mountains that stand between about 3 and The harbour is entered from the vicinity of the
20 miles inland. The coast, though indented, is without light-buoy (E cardinal) (29°38′⋅9N, 32°24′⋅4E) moored at
prominent points; it is again fringed with a coral reef. the outer end of the dredged and buoyed entry channel.
3.74 The entrance channel leads W passing between a pair of
1 Râs Ghârib to Umm el Kimân. Between Râs Ghârib outer breakwaters which extend from the shore on the N
(3.39) and Râs Dîb (28°02′N, 33°25′E) (3.40) the coast is and S sides of the entrance.
low and fringed by a reef; vessels should not approach this
coast within 1 miles or within the 20 m depth contour Port Authority
line. 3.79
2 Between Râs Shukheir (28°08′N, 33°17′E) (3.40) and 1 The harbour is administered by Sokhna Port
Umm el Kimân (27°50′N, 33°35′E) (3.41) the coast is Development Co., 29 Farid Street, Heliopolis, Cairo 11341,
again fringed by a reef. Egypt.
3 Gebel Ghârib (28°07′N, 32°54′E) is a solitary
precipitous peak which rises about 18 miles SW of Râs Limiting conditions
Ghârib to a height of 1757 m. It makes a good landmark Controlling depth
and the peak can often be seen at night from within the 3.80
Gulf of Suez. 1 The inner end of the entrance channel, the turning basin
4 Gebel el Zeit, a range of coastal mountains, backs the and the initial basin are dredged to a depth of 17 m.
coast between Râs Dîb and Umm el Kimân (3.41). The
summit of the range, which rises to 450 m in height, lies Deepest and longest berth
about 7 miles SE of Râs Dîb from where the land slopes 3.81
seaward to Râs Zeit (3.40) a slight projection from the 1 The initial berthing basin has two quays of 750 m length
coast. The S end of this range projects SSE to form a with alongside depths of 17 m.
peninsula which forms the E side of Ghubbet el Zeit
(3.213).
Maximum size of vessel handled
5 An undulating desert plain stretches W from Gebel el 3.82
Zeit rising gradually to the base of a range of mountains 1 The port can handle vessels up to 170 000 dwt.
which stands between about 12 and 15 miles inland. From
a distance the Gebel el Zeit range appears as islets. Arrival information
Notice of ETA
Local weather 3.83
3.75 1 On leaving previous port and 72, 48 and 24 hours in
1 Winds from the N are prevalent for most of the year advance. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume 6 (3)
with a few dust storms. for further details.
Visibility is usually excellent, fogs are infrequent and
rain storms rare. Outer anchorages
Summers are hot and dry while winters are relatively 3.84
cool. 1 Eight designated anchorages for vessels waiting to enter
During periods of strong NW winds in the Gulf of Suez port lie within a waiting area 4 miles NE of the harbour
the weather is normally calm in the bay formed between entrance, as shown on the chart.
Râs el ‘Adabîya (29°52′N, 32°31′E) (2.259) and Râs Abu
el Darag (29 miles S).
Pilotage
3.85
1 The pilot boards 1 mile E of the light-buoy (E cardinal)
SOKHNA PORT (29°38′⋅9N, 32°24′⋅4E) moored at the E end of the entrance
channel, as shown on the plan.
General information Tugs
Chart 2132 plan of Ain Sukhna − North Port (Sokhna Port) and 3.86
Oil Terminal 1 Tugs are available.
Position Caution
3.76 3.87
1 Sokhna Port (29°39′N, 32°21′E) is situated on the W 1 The depths on both sides of the entrance channel have
side of the Gulf of Suez about 20 miles SSW of the Suez not been systematically surveyed. See note on the chart. A
Canal. depth of 6⋅3 m was reported in 2004 in 29°40′⋅7N,
32°24′⋅4E.
Function
3.77 Harbour
1 Sokhna Port is a completely new port whose first basin
opened at the end of 2000. General layout
The port will eventually consist of four basins with a 3.88
total quay length of 7⋅5 km. 1 Sokhna Port is entered through an entrance channel,
about 2 miles long and marked by light-buoys, which leads
Approach and entry to a turning basin, again marked by light-buoys, which is
3.78 situated SSE of the ports completed basin.
1 Sokhna Port is approached from a position at the W end A port control tower is situated on the N side of the
of the W-bound lane which leads across the Gulf of Suez harbour entrance close W of the root of the N entrance
TSS to the vicinity of Ain Sukhna Terminal (3.101). breakwater.
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2 The W-bound approach traffic lane and the crossing Tidal stream
place through the separation zone from the N-bound lane 3.116
are covered by the green sector (260°−273°) of Ain Sukhna 1 Tidal stream at Ain Sukhna is reported to set parallel to
Light. the coast, setting N with the in-going stream and S on the
The SE-bound departure traffic lane and the crossing out-going, at a maximum surface rate of kn.
place to the N-bound lane are covered by the red sector Tidal range is 1⋅5 m.
(298°–306°) of Ain Sukhna Light.
Berths
Traffic 3.117
3.106 1 Nos 1 and 2 SBMs, the NE and SW buoys of the
1 Approximately 350 vessels call at the port annually. complex, can handle vessels up to 350 000 dwt with a
maximum draught of 22⋅8 m.
Port Authority No 3 SBM, the NW buoy of the complex, can handle a
3.107 vessel up to 150 000 dwt with a maximum draught of
1 Arab Petroleum Pipeline Company (SUMED), El 16⋅7 m.
Iskandarîya (Alexandria). No 4 SBM, the SE buoy of the complex, can handle a
Deepest berth vessel up to 500 000 dwt with a maximum draught of
3.108 31⋅5 m.
1 No 4 SBM has a minimum depth of water in its vicinity 2 Subject to the prevailing weather conditions and the
of 40⋅9 m. approval of the terminal operator No 2 SBM can accept
vessels up to 400 000 dwt and No 3 SBM can accept
Maximum size of vessel handled vessels up to 200 000 dwt.
3.109
1 No 4 SBM can accommodate a vessel up to a maximum Berthing operations
of 500 000 dwt. 3.118
1 Mooring and discharging operations continue 24 hours a
Port radio day throughout the year, weather permitting.
3.110 Tankers secure to the SBMs with two buoy lines and
1 There is a port radio station for Ain Sukhna Terminal embark the oil hoses on their port side using a ship’s
For further information see Admiralty List of Radio Signals, derrick or crane, with a safe working load of at least
Volume 6 (3). 10 tonnes.
2 Vessels are requested to arrive at the terminal trimmed
Notice of ETA on an even keel.
3.111
1 On leaving previous port, and 72, 48 and 24 hours in Maximum permitted weather conditions
advance. See Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume 6 (3) 3.119
for further details. 1 The SBMs at the terminal are designed to accommodate
vessels up to the following maximum prevailing conditions:
Anchorage Wind speed 35 kn.
3.112 Tidal range 2 m.
1 An anchorage area for tankers lies between about 2 and Wave height 3⋅4 m.
5 miles SE of No 4 SBM, as shown on the chart. Current: surface 2⋅0 kn; seabed 1⋅0 kn.
Anchorage may be obtained in depths of over 50 m on a 2 These parameters are relevant to the safety of the buoy,
sandy bottom. not the ship, and as such the mooring master has the
Caution. There are disused submarine cables in the authority to decide whether the vessel should remain
central part of this area. moored or vacate the berth due to adverse weather
conditions.
Pilotage
3.113 Facilities
1 Pilotage is compulsory. 3.120
Pilot and berthing master board, as shown on the chart, 1 There is no provision for oily waste disposal; medical
about 2 miles SE of No 4 SBM (29°34′⋅0N, 32°24′⋅5E), or facilities are only available at Suez.
in the anchorage, and remain on board while the vessel is
discharging. Supplies
For further information see Admiralty List of Radio 3.121
Signals, Volume 6 (3). 1 Fresh provisions may be obtained given advance notice;
fresh water is not available.
Tugs
3.114 Local regulations
1 Tugs are available. Mooring launches to assist in 3.122
berthing are also available. 1 Main engines are required to be kept at immediate
notice and vessels must be prepared to vacate the SBMs
Quarantine immediately on instructions from the berthing master.
3.115 Shore leave is not permitted.
1 Confirmation of a healthy crew all holding valid
vaccination certificates should be sent with ETA signal. Boat harbour
A port health officer boards on arrival. 3.123
Quarantine regulations for Ain Sukhna are similar to 1 A small harbour, protected by breakwaters, is situated at
those in force at Suez. the head of Ghubbet el Bûs.
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Berth Pilotage
3.181 3.191
1 Râs Shukheir LPG Terminal Offshore Loading Berth 1 Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots embark in the waiting
No 4 can accommodate vessels up to 1600 dwt, 100 m in anchorage area. Berthing is only undertaken during
length and a maximum draught of 5⋅2 m. daylight; unberthing is undertaken at any time.
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
Signals, Volume 6 (3).
East Zeit Terminal
Berth
Chart 2374 and plan of Zeit Terminals 3.192
Position 1 The berth can handle vessels between 35 000 and
3.182 130 000 dwt up to a maximum draught of 18⋅0 m. and a
1 The terminal SBM buoy is moored about 1 mile NE of maximum distance from bow to manifold of 137 m.
Umm el Kimân (3.41) in position 27°51′N, 33°36′E. Oil is loaded at a maximum rate of 3000 tonnes per
hour.
Description
3.183 Zeit Bay Terminal
1 East Zeit Terminal consists of a SPM of the Catenary
Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) type, see The Mariner’s Position
Handbook for further information. 3.193
The buoy is connected by a submarine oil pipeline to 1 The terminal SBM (27°50′N, 33°36′E) is located about
the shore 8 cables W. 9 cables ESE of Umm el Kimân (3.41).
A light is exhibited from the buoy.
Description
Offshore danger 3.194
3.184 1 Zeit Bay Terminal consists of a SBM berth; see The
1 A submarine oil pipeline from the East Zeit Oilfield Mariner’s Handbook for further information.
(3.67) leads close N of East Zeit Terminal and lands on the The buoy is connected by a submarine pipeline to a
coast in the vicinity of the pipeline serving the berth. point on the shore about 2 miles SW.
A light is exhibited from the buoy.
Port Authority Cargo vessels can be loaded or discharged alongside the
3.185 jetty at Zeit Bay (27°50′⋅1N, 33°35′⋅0E). The jetty is 50 m
1 The terminal is operated by Esso Suez Incorporated, Al in length and the depth of water is 8 m.
Qâhira (Cairo).
Offshore danger
3.195
Maximum size of vessel handled
1 A submarine oil pipeline from the Ashrâfi Oilfield (3.70)
3.186
is laid close SE of Zeit Terminal and lands on the coast in
1 The terminal can handle vessels up to 130 000 dwt.
the vicinity of the pipeline serving the berth.
Maximum overall length depends on the distance from
bow to manifold which should not be greater than 137 m. Traffic
3.196
Anchorage 1 In 2001 the terminal was used by 2 vessels.
3.187
1 A waiting anchorage, as shown on the chart, for vessels Port Authority
waiting to berth at the terminal or at Zeit Bay Terminal 3.197
(3.194) lies at the head of Zeit Channel (3.345). 1 The terminal is operated by the Suez Oil Company,
This is the only anchorage that vessels should use if (SUCO), 21 Ahmed Orabi Street, PO Box 2622, El
waiting to berth at the terminal and they should anchor Mohandessien, Cairo.
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Chart 2374 plan of Zeit Terminals A well sheltered boat harbour is situated within the coral
Mersa Zeitîya reef near Mersa Zeitîya; a jetty extends from the shore.
3.232 Mersa Zeitîya Light (3.34) is exhibited from the coast
1 Description. Mersa Zeitîya (27°50′N, 33°35′E) lies close close S of Mersa Zeitîya.
SW of Umm el Kimân (3.41); the ruins of several
buildings lie close to the shore.
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platform, stands in position 28°00′⋅0N, 33°43′⋅8E about Dust storms are more likely to occur in spring and
4 cables SSE of the Yuval Production Platform. autumn than at other times.
The coast between Râs Garra (28°01′N, 33°46′E) and
Râs Kenîsa (8 miles SE), is low and sandy, and very foul Anchorage
with reefs extending over 1 mile from the shore. 3.246
1 Anchorage may be obtained in the bay SE of Râs Sudr,
Anchorage about 1 mile offshore, in depths of about 13 m.
3.236 3.247
1 Anchorage is obtainable between Râs Misalla (3.234) 1 A mooring buoy (red) is laid about 1 miles SW of Râs
and Qâdd el Tawîla (3.36) with Râs Misalla, bearing 346°, Sudr.
6 cables distant, in depths of about 7⋅0 m; or farther W in
greater depths. Pilotage
3.248
1 Pilotage is compulsory.
TERMINAL FACILITIES ON THE EAST
SIDE OF THE GULF OF SUEZ Supplies
3.249
General information 1 Fresh water is available at the berth by pipeline; fuel oil
is available by barge.
Charts 2373, 2374, 2375
Regulations Jetty
3.237 3.250
1 See 3.92. 1 A small jetty, for the use of small service vessels,
extends WSW from the coast from a position ENE of the
Râs Sudr Oil Terminal terminal.
Chart 2133
Râs Budran Oil Terminal
Position
3.238 Chart 2132 plan of Râs Budran Terminal
1 The terminal is situated ESE of the designated crossing Position
place in the Gulf of Suez TSS for W-bound traffic which is 3.251
destined for Ain Sukhna Terminal (3.101). 1 The terminal SBM (28°56′N, 33°08′E) is moored about
2 miles W of Râs Budran, in a depth of about 34 m.
Description
3.239 Description
1 Râs Sudr Oil Terminal (29°35′N, 32°42′E) consists of a 3.252
stage secured to mooring buoys which is connected to the 1 Râs Budran Oil Terminal consists of a SBM from which
shore by submarine oil and water pipelines. a submarine oil pipeline is laid to the shore close NW of
The terminal is situated about 2 miles SE of Râs Sudr a Râs Budran (3.234). See The Mariners Handbook for
low and sandy point. Two masts (red obstruction lights) further information.
stand about 8 cables ESE of the point on the E side of the 2 Three oil production platforms, interconnected by oil and
airfield located close E of the point. gas submarine pipelines, lie about 2 miles N of the berth.
Two towers stand about 5 miles ESE of Râs Sudr. The centre platform is connected by a submarine pipeline
to a position on the shore about 1 miles N of Râs
Port Authority Budran. See caution at 1.21.
3.240 Râs Abu Rudeis, which lies 3 miles S of Râs Budran,
1 The terminal is administered by the Port Authority of has some oil tanks and an airfield situated close to the
Râs Sudr, c/o The Red Sea Ports Authority. point.
Depths Port limits
3.241 3.253
1 The terminal berth has a least depth of 7⋅9 m. 1 The limits of the port enclose the SBM, the production
platforms and the anchorage, as shown on the plan.
Tidal levels
3.242 Approach
1 Tidal range is about 0⋅6 m. 3.254
1 The approach to the terminal should be made from S.
Density of water
3.243 Traffic
1 Density 1⋅025g/cm#. 3.255
1 In 1995 the terminal was used by 1 vessel.
Maximum size of vessel handled
3.244 Port Authority
1 The berth can handle vessels up a maximum draught of 3.256
9⋅1 m and a maximum length of 167⋅6 m. 1 The terminal is administered by the Suez Oil Company,
Al Qâhira (Cairo), Suez Oil Co (SUCO), 21 Ahmed Orabi
Local weather Street, PO Box 2622, Cairo, Egypt.
3.245
1 Winds from the N prevail throughout the year. S winds Tidal levels
are most likely to occur during winter or spring, 3.257
accompanied by heavy squalls. 1 Tidal range is between 0⋅9 m and 1⋅2 m.
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The approach to the berths should then be made with No 1 Berth, the NW berth of the complex, can handle
the tanks bearing not more than 090° to avoid the shoal vessels up to 105 000 dwt, up to 275 m in length with a
depths of 10 m or less which lie NW of the terminal. maximum draught of 16⋅1 m.
No 2 Berth, the S-most berth of the complex, can handle
vessels up to 50 000 dwt, up to 245 m in length with a
Traffic maximum draught of 12⋅2 m.
3.273 2 No 3 Berth, the E-most berth of the complex, can handle
1 In 2001 the terminal was used by 18 vessels. vessels up to 219⋅7 m in length with a maximum draught
of 8⋅0 m; this berth is used for LPG.
Caution. Care is required when berthing with winds
Port Authority from the S. During periods of strong winds mooring may
3.274 be delayed.
1 The terminal is operated by Egyptian Petroleum
Company, Osman abdel Hafiez Street, Cairo, Egypt.
Jetties
3.283
Density of water 1 A small landing jetty extends from the shore close to the
3.275 oil tanks.
1 1⋅032g/cm#. A further jetty extends about 200 m W from a position
on the shore about 1 miles N of the oil tanks.
Maximum size of vessel handled
3.276
1 The terminal can handle vessels up to 105 000 dwt with Facilities
a maximum draught of 16⋅1 m. 3.284
1 Dirty ballast reception facilities.
Anchorage
3.277 Supplies
1 Vessels waiting for a berth may obtain anchorage about 3.285
2 miles W or WSW of the conspicuous oil tanks on the 1 Fuel oil available by barge; fresh water not available.
shore.
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When the light-beacon is about 2 cables distant steer breakwater extending about 1 cable NE across the reef on
for the anchorage, passing about 1 cables E of the the E side of the peninsula which forms the W side of the
light-beacon. bay.
2 If Grafton Light-beacon and Bey Beacon have not been 3.307
identified in the approaches to the S end of the channel 1 Communications. A military airfield is situated about
then favour the E side of the channel where the coastal 1 miles S of El Tûr village.
reef shows more clearly than ‘Erg Riyâh.
3.303 Charts 333, 2374
1 Anchorage may be obtained with Grafton Light-beacon Sheikh Riyâh Harbour
bearing about 230°, distant about 2 cables, in a depth of 3.308
11 m, mud and sand. 1 Description. Sheikh Riyâh Harbour (28°10′N, 33°40′E)
Anchorage may also be obtained about 2 cables S of lies E of a low sandy point which extends about 4 cables S
the light-beacon in a depth of about 18 m. The holding from the coast and is fringed on its W and S sides by the
ground is good but the anchorage is exposed to NW winds. coastal reef.
3.304 Sha‘b Riyâh, a shoal patch, lies of the mouth off the
1 Jetties. Two jetties extend from the NE side of the harbour.
harbour which were reported to be falling into disrepair 2 The channel, between Sha‘b Riyâh and the coast reef to
(2000). the E has a least depth of 14⋅2 m; it is about 3 cables wide
3.305 and free of dangers.
1 Boat harbour. A boat harbour is formed by an opening The South Belayim Oilfield (3.63) lies about 2 miles SW
in the coastal reef entered about 6 cables E of Grafton Reef of the harbour.
Light-beacon; a jetty extends from the W side of the 3.309
harbour. 1 Anchorage may be obtained within Sheikh Riyâh
The boat harbour is well sheltered from all winds except Harbour in depths from 9 to 13 m, sand.
those from the S. Fresh water is available. 3.310
3.306 1 Off-lying danger. Between Sheikh Riyâh Harbour and
1 Fishing harbour. A fishing harbour, situated in the NW Râs el Sebîl (6 miles SSE) (3.235) the coast is bordered
corner of the bay, is formed by a jetty extending along the by Sha‘b Haddeh, a coral reef extending up to 1 mile
S side of the reef at the head of the bay and by a offshore.
STRAIT OF GUBAL
GENERAL INFORMATION 3.313
Chart 2375 1 South-west side of the strait. On the SW side of the
strait, the N part is bordered by the Ashrâfi Islands
Area covered
(27°47′N, 33°41′E) which extend SE from a position about
3.311
6 miles SE of Umm el Kimân (3.41). The islands, which
1 The Strait of Gubal, known to the Egyptians as Madîq
consist of dead coral and sand rising to heights between 2
Gûbâl, lies between Umm el Kimân (27°50′N, 33°35′E)
and 5 m, stand on Sha‘b Ashrâfi and Sha‘b Mukowarat
and the SE end of Shaker Island (34 miles SE) on its SW
(3.339), two reefs which extend about 7 miles in a NW/SE
side; and the SW coast of the Sinai Peninsula from Râs
direction.
Kenîsa (27°56′N, 33°53′E) to Râs Muhammad (24 miles
2 Close SE of these islands lies the N entrance to Tawîla
SE) on its NE side.
Channel (3.356) which leads SSW between South Qeisûm
Topography Island (3.357) and Sha‘b Gûbâl (3.357) to an inner coastal
3.312 passage which continues SE to the N end of the Gifâtîn
1 South-west shore of the strait. The coast between Islands (3.390).
Umm el Kimân (27°50′N, 33°35′E) and Hurghada 3 Shadwân Channel (3.331) lies farther SE and leads SW
(27°14′N, 33°51′E) is generally low, rising to a coastal between Gûbâl Island (3.42) and Sha‘b Umm ‘Usk (3.42).
mountain range with elevations between 200 and 400 m. Sha‘b Abu Nuhâs (3.42) lies between Sha‘b Umm ‘Usk
A second mountain range, which is separated from the and Shaker Island (3.42) which borders the SW part of the
coastal range by an undulating desert plain intersected by strait.
water courses, rises about 25 miles inland. 3.314
2 From Râs el Bahar (27°46′N, 33°33′E), the SW entrance 1 North-east shore of the strait. Between Râs Kenîsa
point to Ghubbet el Zeit (3.213), and Râs Gemsa (7 miles (27°56′N, 33°53′E) (3.235) and Râs Muhammad (24 miles
SSE) the coast is fringed by a reef. SE) (3.42) the NE shore of the Strait of Gubal is a sandy
The peninsula, of which Râs Gemsa forms its S end, plain extending to the base of a high mountain range.
rises in yellowish-white hills to an elevation of about 80 m. Gebel Sahara, (1528 m in height) is the highest point of
A number of stone buildings, some warehouses and water this range.
tanks stand on the S end of this peninsula. 2 The NE side of the strait is bordered by extensive coral
3 Between the S entrance point of Ghubbet el Gemsa reefs of which little warning is given by soundings. During
(27°34′N, 33°34′E) (3.360) and Hurghada (25 miles SE) the daylight the change of colour of the water from deep blue
coast is fronted by extensive off-lying reefs extending up to to bright green is very noticeable.
3 miles offshore. Sha‘b Ali (27°51′N, 33°51′E) (3.41) is a reef which
From about 5 miles S of the entrance to Ghubbet el forms the NE side of the N entrance to the strait; Shag
Gemsa the coast becomes low-lying. Rock (3.42) lies close S of the reef.
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3 Sha‘b Surûr, a circular reef, lies close off the NE side of Protected reefs
the strait, about 4 miles W of Qâd Ibn Haddân (27°47′N, 3.321
34°06′E). Sha‘b Mahmûd, a reef extending SE from close 1 Vessels should only use the fixed moorings on, or
SE of Sha‘b Surûr, lies about 8 miles W of Râs adjacent to, the coral reefs at Sa‘al Hashîsh (27°02′N,
Muhammad (27°44′N, 34°15′E) and forms the NE part of 33°55′E) (5.32) and Qâd Ibn Haddân (27°47′N, 34°06′E).
the S end of the strait. Vessels should also only use the fixed moorings on, or
adjacent to, the coral reefs that lie between the latitudes of
26°37′N and 27°02′N and between 27°08′N and 27°26′⋅3N.
Hazard See Appendix III for further information.
3.315
1 Anchoring, except in an emergency, is not recommended
in the Strait of Gubal due to the existence of a former
mined area, now declared safe, which had been laid on the Area to be avoided
NE side of the fairway. 3.322
1 In order to avoid the risk of severe damage to critical
ecosystems and the environment and natural resources
Cautions contained within the declared boundaries of the Râs
3.316 Muhammad National Park, all vessels carrying dangerous
1 If approaching the Strait of Gubal from the S in poor or toxic cargoes, or any other vessel exceeding 500 grt
visibility, it is important that the Gifâtîn Islands (27°13′N, should avoid the area indicated on the chart.
33°57′E) (3.390) are not mistaken for Shaker Island 2 Moorings have been laid as described in Appendix III
(27°30′N, 34°00′E) (3.42), as a W-going set may have been and its accompanying chartlets.
experienced. Anchoring on the reefs within the declared boundaries of
the park is prohibited except in cases of emergency or
force majeure.
Traffic separation scheme The Râs Muhammad National Park area to be avoided
3.317 has been adopted by IMO.
1 See 3.18.
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Directions 2 Directions. The best entrance channel into the bay lies
between the coral reef that extends about 1 mile ESE from
Râs Zeit to Shaker Island Râs Kenîsa and the N end of Sha‘b Rayis; a stranded
3.325 wreck lies on the NW part of the reef. The channel
1 See directions given at 3.41. between the S end of Sha‘b Rayis and the N end of Sha‘b
ed Deqayeq is wider but intricate and is encumbered with
Inner channel shoals. It can be used if necessary with a good lookout
aloft.
Description 3 Mersa Zaraba. Sheltered anchorage is available in
3.326 Mersa Zaraba (27°50′N, 34°00′E) in depths from 9 to
1 Inner Channel (27°52′N, 33°53′E) lies in the NE part of 15 m, sand and coral.
the Strait of Gubal between Sha‘b Ali (3.41) and the Directions. The anchorage of Mersa Zaraba is entered
coastal reefs. between the E end of Sha‘b el Meqeeda and an unnamed
The channel is moderately deep and may be used safely coral patch (awash) about 5 cables ESE. The entrance to
during daylight. this anchorage has a least depth in the fairway of 11 m and
2 In approaching Inner Channel from the NW take care to can be navigated safely with a good lookout aloft.
avoid Poynder Shoal (27°55′N, 33°44′E) (3.41). Also keep 4 Sha‘b el Meqeeda. Small vessels may obtain anchorage
a good lookout for Azov Patch (27°54′N, 33°51′E), a N of Sha‘b el Meqeeda (3.329) in depths from 4 to 7 m.
dangerous rock lying in the NE corner of the reef, and for This area is encumbered with coral reefs.
any other detached rocks which may lie in this vicinity. Local knowledge is required for the use of all of these
A stranded wreck lies on the W side of Sha‘b Ali about anchorages.
6 miles NNW of Shag Rock (27°47′N, 33°53′E) (3.42). See also 3.321.
Regulations Shadwân Channel
3.327 Description
1 Anchoring is prohibited within Inner Channel. 3.331
1 Shadwân Channel (27°34′N, 33°49′E) is entered from
Directions the SW side of the Strait of Gubal and initially extends
3.328 about 4 miles SSW passing between Gûbâl Island (3.42)
1 From a position on the E side of the Gulf of Suez TSS, and Sha‘b Umm ‘Usk (3.42).
ESE of SIDKI B platform (27°57′N, 33°39′E) (3.66), the The channel continues a farther 12 miles SE to enter the
track through Inner Channel leads E then S, about 19 miles, head of the Red Sea between the SE end of Shaker Island
passing (with positions given from Shag Rock Light (27°27′N, 34°02′E) and Umm Qamar Islet (9 miles SW).
(27°47′N, 33°53′E) (3.35)): 2 The channel in the fairway is deep and free from
Clear of Poynder Shoal (12 miles NW) (3.41), thence: danger. Navigation should give no difficulties using the
2 N of the N end of Sha‘b Ali (8 miles NNW) (3.41); a chart and a good lookout aloft as the difference of colour
conspicuous stranded wreck of a barge lies on the between the deep water and the shoal water over the reefs
N end of the reef and provides an excellent mark is very apparent, except in a calm or when the sun is
for vessels entering the channel from the N. In ahead.
thick weather the W side of Sha‘b Ali should be As NW winds prevail in this locality low-powered
given a prudent berth. Thence: vessels may use Shadwân Channel with advantage when
SW of the reefs (10 miles N) which extend W from proceeding N.
Râs Kenîsa (3.235), thence: 3 This channel should only be attempted during daylight.
3 WSW of Sha‘b Rayis (8 miles N) a reef with two Many convenient anchorages are available.
awash coral patches that fronts the SW part of
Merset el Qâd Yahya. Thence: Directions
3.329 3.332
1 E of Sha‘b Ali Oilfield (5 miles N) (3.68), thence: 1 From a position on the SW side of the Strait of Gubal,
SW of the SW corner of Sha‘b ed Deqayeq about 3 miles SE of Bluff Point (27°41′N, 33°49′E)
(4 miles NNE), a reef extending about 3 miles (3.42), the track leads initially SSW, for a distance of about
SW from Râs el Millân, thence: 18 miles, passing (with positions given from Tawîla Island
NE of the SE end of Sha‘b Ali (2 miles NNE) (3.41). Light (27°34′⋅8N, 33°48′⋅0E)):
Thence: 2 ESE of Gûbâl Island (3 miles N) (3.42), thence:
2 SW of Sha‘b el Meqeeda (6 miles NE) a narrow, WNW of Sha‘b Umm ‘Usk (4 miles ENE) (3.42) a
awash, finger of coral extending about 2 miles below-water reef, the edges of which are clearly
ESE from the SE corner of Sha‘b ed Deqayeq. visible in daylight; a dangerous rock lies off the
Thence: NW corner of the reef. Thence:
NE of Shag Rock (3.42), thence: 3 ESE of the dangerous rock (1 mile NNE) which lies
SW of Sha‘b Surûr (7 miles E) (3.314) a circular on the edge of the 10 m contour line close N of a
coral reef situated about 4 miles W of Qâd Ibn shoal patch, with a least depth over it of 5 m,
Haddân. thence:
4 WNW of Siyul el Soghira Light (red cylindrical GRP
Anchorages tower; 5 m in height) (2 miles ESE) which is
3.330 exhibited from the N part of an unnamed reef; a
1 Merset el Qâd Yahya. Anchorage, sheltered by the stranded wreck lies off the W side of the reef.
reefs, is available in Merset el Qâd Yahya (27°56′N, Thence:
33°54′E), about 1 miles E of Râs Kenîsa (3.235), and 5 ESE of Tawîla Island Light (green cylindrical GRP
5 cables offshore, in depths from 13 to 18 m, mud. tower 5 m in height) exhibited from the E
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CHAPTER 3
Siyul el Soghira Light (27°34′⋅2N 33°50′⋅1E) (3.332) Tawîla Island Light (27°34′⋅8N 33°48′⋅0E) (3.332)
(Original dated 1998) (Original dated 1998)
(Photography − Ports & Light Houses Administration Egypt) (Photography − Ports & Light Houses Administration Egypt)
extremity of Tawîla Island. The island is low and exhibited from the N end of Sha‘b el Erg, a drying
flat and composed of coral, the E and highest part reef covered at HW. The reef is steep-to on its N
rise to heights between 9 and 15 m; a small cairn and E sides but within its concave side it is
situated about 7 cables W of the light, marks the shallow and encumbered with rocks. Thence:
summit of the island. Thence: 4 NE of Sha‘b el Erg Light (black GRP beacon, yellow
3.333 band, E cardinal; 5 m in height) (11 miles SSE)
1 Passing E of the sandy cay (0⋅6 m in height) (2 miles exhibited from the SE side of Sha‘b el Erg. A
S) which lies close S of Endeavour Harbour stranded wreck (position approximate) lies in the
(3.334); a dangerous rock lies close SE of the cay. vicinity of the beacon. Thence:
Thence: 5 NE of Umm Qamar Light (14 miles SSE) (3.324)
SW of the S side of the unnamed reef (3 miles ESE) exhibited from the N end of Umm Qamar Islet
on which stands Siyul el Soghira Light, thence: which stands near the S end of a steep-to coral
SW of the reefs extending NW off the N end of reef which extends about 7 cables N from the
Shaker Island (6 miles ESE) (3.42), thence: light; a beacon stands on the reef about 4 cables N
2 NE of Sha‘b Abu Shiban Light (black cylindrical of the light. The E side of the islet, which is its
GRP tower, yellow base, N cardinal; 5 m in highest part, has coral cliffs about 15 m high. And:
height) (6 miles S) exhibited from the NE corner 6 SW of Shaker Island Light (14 miles SE) (3.35) and
of Sha‘b Abu Shiban, a drying reef covered at into the N part of the Red Sea.
high water. Two dangerous rocks lie on the 10 m (Directions for the central passage through the
contour about 1 mile SE of the light. South Rakau Red Sea are given at 4.14)
Beacon (iron tripod, ball topmark) marks the SE
end of the reef; West Rakau Beacon (3.337) marks Anchorages
the SW side. Thence: 3.334
3 NE of Melana Light (black GRP beacon, yellow 1 Endeavour Harbour (27°34′N, 33°48′E), also known as
band, E cardinal; 5 m in height) (10 miles SSE) Sharm Tawîla, is situated in the SE part of Tawîla Island
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CHAPTER 3
Navigational information
3.336
1 If heading N through the inner coastal passage Shaker
Island (3.42), the round summit of Gûbâl Island, (3.42) and
the double peak of Gebel ‘Esh (3.323) will be found to be
the best points for fixing position rather than Tawîla Island
(3.332) which is low and flat.
Directions
3.337
1 From a position at the S end of Tawîla Channel (3.356),
about 5 miles SW of Tawîla Island (3.332), the track leads
SE, passing (with positions given from West Rakau Beacon
(27°27′N, 33°47′E)):
SW of Sha‘b Tawîla (5 miles NW) a drying reef
covered at HW; a beacon (tripod, cone topmark;
8 m in height) marks the SW extremity of the reef,
thence:
2 NE of Sha‘b E‘sh (6 miles W), a coral reef extending
about 2 miles E from the coast; an area of foul
ground surrounds the reef. Thence:
NE of the isolated coral patch (3 miles WSW) and
surrounding shoal water which lies in the outer
approaches to El Gouna (3.362) and marked on its
Sha’b Abu Shiban Light (27°28′⋅6N 33°49′⋅4E) (3.333) NW side by No 1 Light-buoy (can); and NE of
(Original dated 1998) Sha‘b Abu Sha‘r, which lies about 2 miles SW on
(Photography − Ports & Light Houses Administration Egypt) the S and E sides of the approaches to El Gouna.
Thence:
(3.332) and affords sheltered anchorage to small vessels in
3 SW of West Rakau Beacon (tripod, triangle topmark;
all winds.
5 m in height) which marks the SW side of Sha‘b
The entrance to the harbour is narrow so a more
Abu Shiban which is covered at HW. Sha‘b Abu
convenient anchorage may be found outside the harbour.
Shiban Light (3.333) is exhibited from the E side
Two ruined jetties extend from the N shore of the
of the reef, thence:
harbour.
SW of South Rakau Beacon (2 miles E) (3.333)
2 Good anchorage may also be obtained in depths of
which marks the SW corner of Sha‘b Abu Shiban,
about 13 m with the 0⋅6 m high sandy cay bearing 010°,
thence:
distant 1 miles. The cay lies about 9 cables S of the
Clear of the charted dangerous patch (3 miles SSE)
entrance to Endeavour Harbour.
which lies in the fairway W of Sha‘b el Erg. This
3 Anchorage, as shown on the chart, may be obtained off
dangerous patch should be given a clear berth.
the SW side of Shaker Island (3.42) about 5 miles WNW
Thence:
of Shaker Island Light (3.35) in depths of about 11 m, sand
3.338
and coral. Vessels should approach this anchorage with the
1 SW of Sha‘b el Erg (5 miles ESE) (3.333) from
low W extremity of Shaker Island in line with the rounded
which both Melana Light and Sha‘b el Erg Light
summit of Gûbâl Island (3.42), bearing 322°, and anchor
(3.333) are exhibited, thence:
when the desired sounding is achieved; depths increase
Clear of Sha‘b Abu Nigara (6 miles SSE) which
rapidly S of the anchorage. This anchorage lies within the
stands on a bank extending about 8 cables E and
prohibited area which surrounds Shaker Island. See
on which there are numerous rocks and shoal
prohibited areas 3.31.
patches. The passage NE of the reef is the more
4 A drying coral rock and a rock awash lie about 3 cables
favourable as it is marked by Umm Qamar Light
NE of the anchorage position off Shaker Island; a good
(3.324). For directions for the N approach to
landing is available about 6 cables N of the coral rock, NE
Hurghada, see 3.370. Thence:
of the charted anchorage position. A passage through the
2 SW of Umm Qamar Islet (8 miles SE) (3.333) from
reef is marked by leading beacons, front beacon (triangle,
which Umm Qamar Light is exhibited, thence:
apex down), rear beacon (triangle, apex up), situated about
SW of Sha‘b Saghîr tal Umm Qamar (9 miles SE) a
8 cables NNE of the coral rock; two mooring buoys are
small, below-water, steep-to reef lying about 1 mile
laid about 5 cables S of the front beacon.
SSE of Umm Qamar Islet; a drying rock stands on
Inner coastal passage from the south end of the N side of the reef, thence:
Tawîla Channel to the Gifâtîn Islands SW of Carless Reef (11 miles SE) another small
below-water reef lying a farther 2 miles SE which
Description is not clearly visible. A dangerous rock stands on
3.335 the reef. Thence:
1 From a position at the S end of Tawîla Channel (3.356) 3 NE of the N end of the Gifâtîn Islands (27°14′N,
the inner coastal passage leads SE for about 18 miles, 33°55′E) (3.390) and into the N part of the Red
passing WNW of Sha‘b Tawîla (27°31′N, 33°44′E) (3.337), Sea.
to a position in the N approaches to Hurghada (3.367), N (Directions for the central passage through
of the Gifâtîn Islands (27°14′N, 33°55′E) (3.390). the Red Sea are given at 4.14)
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CHAPTER 3
Minor channels and passages on the south west Charts 2374 plan of Zeit Terminals, 2375
side of the Strait of Gubal Zeit Channel
3.345
1 Description. From the N, Zeit Channel is entered
between Umm el Kimân (27°50′N, 33°35′E) (3.41) and the
Charts 2374 plan of Zeit Terminals, 2375
N end of Sha‘b Ashrâfi reef (3 miles ESE), and extends
Ashrâfi Channel about 11 miles S to the N end of Qeisûm Pass (3.348).
3.339 The channel is deep and generally free from dangers.
1 Description. From a position NW of the Ashrâfi Oilfield An isolated coral patch, with a least depth of 12⋅1 m
(3.70), Ashrâfi Channel (27°47′N, 33°42′E) leads S over it, lies in the N approaches to the channel, close N of
between the E side of Sha‘b Mukowarat, on which stand the N end of Sha‘b Ashrâfi (3.313).
the majority of the Ashrâfi Islands (3.313), and an 2 Two conspicuous stranded wrecks, as shown on the
unnamed reef consisting of two coral patches which border chart, are situated near the N end of Sha‘b Ashrâfi.
the SW side of the Strait of Gubal. Production Platform WP−C and Platform WP−D, which
The channel is deep and free from dangers in the are connected by submarine oil pipeline to the Geisum
fairway but depths in both the N and S approaches Oilfield (3.71), are situated on the W side of the S end of
decrease rapidly. the channel in the N approach to Qeisûm Pass. A further
2 A disused lighthouse (red iron framework tower, Platform G−16 stands on the E side of the S end of the
masonry base, 43 m in height) (27°47′⋅6N, 33°42′⋅4E), channel.
stands near the centre of the NE islet of the group which 3.346
itself stands on the NE coral patch of the reef. An iron 1 Anchorage. See 3.187.
jetty extends from the base of the disused lighthouse which 3.347
can be used by boats at all states of the tide. 1 Submarine pipelines. A submarine oil pipeline from the
A dangerous wreck lies 3 cables WNW of the disused Geisum Oilfield is laid through the channel passing, as
lighthouse; a shoal patch, with a least depth over it of shown on the chart, through the SW part of the two
1⋅5 m, lies about 1 mile NNW of the lighthouse. designated anchorage areas. The line of the pipeline
3 Ashrâfi Reef Light (3.35) is exhibited from the SW islet through this area is marked by light-buoys (yellow conical).
which stands on the NE coral patch. Further pipelines, as shown on the chart, are laid across
An oil production platform stands on the E side of the the N entrance to the channel.
channel.
A mooring buoy is laid in the S approach to the
channel.
3.340 Chart 2375
1 Tidal streams. The tidal streams within 2 miles of the Qeisûm Pass
Ashrâfi Islands (3.313), which includes Ashrâfi Channel, 3.348
are very uncertain in direction. 1 Description. Qeisûm Pass (27°40′N, 33°41′E) leads
3.341 between the reefs extending SW from South Qeisûm Island
1 Sea level. The level of the sea in this area is much (3.357) and the reef on which stands Umm el Heimât
affected by the wind. Saghîra, an island which rises to a height of about 9 m.
3.342 From a position at the S end of Zeit Channel, in the
1 Anchorage may be obtained by vessels, with a draught not vicinity of production platform WP−C, the passage leads
exceeding 3⋅7 m, in a natural basin in Sha‘b Mukowarat SE to the NW side of Tawîla Channel (3.356).
situated about 1 mile N of Sandy Islet (27°43′N, 33°43′E). The passage is tortuous and encumbered with reefs and
The basin, which should be approached from the E, has rocks, and is only suitable for use by small vessels.
depths from 3⋅7 to 12⋅8 m, sand. 3.349
1 Local knowledge is required for the use of Qeisûm
Pass.
Chart 2374 plan of Zeit Terminals
Kowarat Channel
3.343 Umm el Heimât Passage
1 Description. From the N Kowarat Channel (27°47′N, 3.350
33°40′E) the track leads SSE between Sha‘b Ashrâfi 1 Description. From the W side of the S end of Zeit
(3.313) and Sha‘b Mukowarat (3.339). Channel (3.345), in the vicinity of production platform
The channel is deep and free of dangers. WP−C, Umm el Heimât Passage (27°39′N, 33°39′E) leads
Caution. A number of rocks which lie about 6 cables initially SW, passing S of an unnamed reef.
SSW of the S end of Sha‘b Ashrâfi, between Kowarat The passage then turns SE passing between the S end of
Channel and Zeit Channel (3.345), cannot be easily Umm el Heimât and Sha‘b Umm el Heimât, and the SW
identified even from aloft under favourable conditions. side of the reef on which stands Umm el Heimât Saghîra
3.344 (3.348); to a position on the N side of Tawîla Channel, N
1 Depths. A shoal patch, with a least depth over it of of N Tawîla Beacon.
12⋅8 m, lies in the S approaches to the channel about 2 The passage is tortuous and encumbered with reefs and
1 mile E of Sandy Islet (27°43′N, 33°43′E), close N of the rocks. A dangerous underwater rock lies in the fairway
N end of South Qeisûm Island. close S of the unnamed reef; an isolated coral reef lies in
Caution. The area between the S end of the channel and mid-channel close S of the rock.
South Qeisûm Island (3.357) has not been completely A lighted mooring buoy is laid in the N approach to the
surveyed and mariners are warned that dangerous shoals passage.
may exist. The passage is only suitable for use by small craft.
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CHAPTER 3
3.351 3.357
1 Local knowledge, is required for the use of Umm el 1 Directions. From a position on the SW side of the Strait
Heimât Passage. of Gubal, about 3 miles NW of Bluff Point (27°41′N,
33°49′E) (3.42), the track leads SSW for about 14 miles,
Kabrît Pass passing (with positions given from North Tawîla Beacon
3.352 (27°36′N, 33°43′E)):
1 Description. Kabrît Pass (27°37′N, 33°36′E) is entered E of the buoy (orange can) (7 miles NNE) moored
passing between Kabrît Beacon (black and white tripod, about 1 mile NNE of the N end of South Qeisûm
triangle topmark) which stands near the SE end of Sha‘b Island, thence:
Barôk a reef on the SW side of Râs Gemsa on which also 2 W of the beacon (tripod, cone topmark; 9 m in
stand three small islands and some above-water rocks; and height) (6 miles NNE) standing on the NE corner
the NW end of Sha‘b Abu Sul. of Sha‘b Gûbâl, a reef which extends about
The pass which leads to the anchorage of Marsa Kabrît 3 miles NNW of Gûbâl Island. The reef has some
has a least depth in the fairway of 6⋅7 m. black coral above-water rocks at its edges; its E
2 A beacon stands on the S side of the S-most of the side is steep-to. In 2000 it was reported that this
small islands on Sha‘b Barôk. beacon no longer existed. Thence:
A jetty extends a short distance SSW from the shore on 3 E of the buoy (orange can) (5 miles NE) moored off
the S side of Râs Gemsa; a mooring buoy is laid W of the the E side of South Qeisûm Island, close E of the
head of the jetty. beacon (tripod, triangle topmark; 8 m in height)
standing on the edge of a coral reef which extends
Bahriya Pass about 3 cables off the E side of the island; in 2000
3.353 it was reported that this beacon no longer existed.
1 Description. Bahriya Pass (27°36′N, 33°41′E) lies off South Qeisûm Island, which is joined by a coral
the SW side of the reefs which lie close SE of Sha‘b Umm reef to North Qeisûm Island (3.71), is low with a
el Heimât. dark brown conical hillock, about 30 m high, at its
The passage leads between these reefs and a dangerous NE end, and a white sandy hillock 11 m high
area with a least depth over it of 2⋅7 m. about 1 miles farther S. Sandy cliffs rise from
The bottom of the passage is irregular and does not the N part of the island. Thence:
appear suitable for larger vessels. 4 WNW of the dangerous wreck (4 miles NE) which
Deep Pass lies about 7 cables off the W side of Gûbâl Island
3.354 (3.42), thence:
1 Description. Deep Pass lies close SW of Bahriya Pass Clear of the buoy (orange can) moored in the middle
(3.353) and leads between the dangerous area, with a least of the fairway between the SE side of South
depth over it of 2⋅7 m, and a below-water reef on which Qeisûm Island and the reef off the N-end of
there are a number of rocks. Tawîla Island (3.332), thence:
The Oil Production Platform Gemsa 4/5 stands NNW of 3.358
the passage and is connected to Râs Gemsa by a submarine 1 NW of the shoal patch (2 miles NE), with a least
oil pipeline. depth over it off 4⋅5 m, which lies off the NW
The reefs on both sides of the channel show up well corner of Tawîla Island, thence:
when the sun is shining on them. SE of Geisum Oilfield (2 miles N) (3.71), thence:
SE of the light-buoy (red and white spherical,
South West Pass spherical topmark) (8 cables NE), thence:
3.355 2 NNW of South Tawîla Beacon (cylindrical topmark,
1 Description. From the S, South West Pass (27°35′N, 8 m in height) (1 mile SSE) which stands on the N
33°39′E) is entered passing E of the isolated shoal patch, side of a detached reef off the W corner of Tawîla
with depths of less than 10 m over it and marked at its N Island; in 2000 it was reported that this beacon no
end by Elbow Buoy (3.360), and at its S end by Turning longer existed; a white patch of sand, which dries,
Buoy (3.360). The track then leads W of the buoy (pillar, is situated on the S end of the reef. Thence:
cylindrical topmark) which marks the S end of the shoal 3 SSE of North Tawîla Beacon (iron tripod, triangle
water which lies between Deep Pass (3.354) and South topmark; 7 m in height) which stands on the SW
West Pass. side of Bahriya Tawîla, a sandy islet; in 2000 it
The SE extremity of Umm el Heimât Saghîra bearing was reported that this beacon no longer existed.
about 021°, leads through the passage which has a least Thence:
charted depth in the fairway of 6⋅1 m. NNW of the light-buoy (red and white spherical,
spherical topmark) (1 mile S), thence:
Tawîla Channel ESE of the S end of Bahriya Pass (1 miles SW)
3.356 (3.353) and ESE of the S end of Deep Pass
1 Description. Tawîla Channel (27°39′N, 33°45′E) extends (3.354) which lies close S. Thence:
about 14 miles SSW from the SW side of the Strait of 4 ESE of the buoy (3 miles SW) (spar, cylindrical
Gubal to a position WNW of Sha‘b Tawîla (3.337), at the topmark) moored on the W side of the channel
head of the inner coastal passage which then leads SE to a marking the S end of the shoal water which lies
position off the Gifâtîn Islands (3.390) (27°14′N, 33°55′E). on the N side of South West Pass (3.355), thence:
2 Tawîla Channel is used in daylight by vessels visiting ESE of the shoal (2 mile SSW), with a least depth
the Geisum Oilfield (3.71). over it of 9⋅8 m, which lies about 1 mile ESE of
A least depth in the fairway of the channel of 11⋅4 m the spar buoy and into the N end of the inner
lies about 7 cables S of North Tawîla Beacon (27°36′N, coastal passage, thence:
33°43′E) in the narrow buoyed section of the channel. NW of Oil Production Platform WP−E (3 miles SSE).
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CHAPTER 3
Anchorage HURGHADA
3.359
1 Anchorage may be obtained in depths of about 20 m off General information
the SE corner of South Qeisûm Island. Charts 3043 plan of Hurghada, 2375
Position
Ghubbet el Gemsa 3.367
Description 1 Hurghada (27°14′N, 33°50′E) is situated on the SW side
3.360 of the approaches to the Strait of Gubal.
1 Ghubbet el Gemsa (27°39′N, 33°32′E) is a bay entered Function
between the SE end of Sha‘b Barôk (27°38′N, 33°36′E), 3.368
marked at its S extremity by Kabrît Beacon (3.352), and a 1 Hurghada is the seat of the Governor of the Red Sea
point on the shore which lies about 4 miles SSW. Province and is its administrative centre.
About 3 miles from the head of the bay the fairway is In 1992 the population was approximately 8000.
reduced by reefs and the coastal bank. Depths in this area
are much reduced with a least depth in the fairway of Topography
7⋅0 m and a detached shoal, with a least depth over it of 3.369
4⋅6 m, lying on the SW side of the entrance. 1 Between Franken Point (27°14′N, 33°51′E) and Merlin
2 Elbow Buoy (barrel, black) marks the N end of this Point (2 miles S) the coast forms a well sheltered bay.
isolated shoal area and Turning Buoy (barrel, black and Merlin Point is a bare, steep, coral rock rising in
white stripes; spherical topmark) marks its S end. precipitous ledges to about 75 m in height. The point forms
the E extremity of Dishet Abu Minqâr, a prominent hill
Abu Sha‘r Bay which rises to a height of 84 m.
Several towers between the town and the coast show up
Description well from N of Franken Point; several large tanks which
3.361 are situated about 3 cables WSW of the point are also
1 Abu Sha‘r Bay (27°18′N, 33°46′E) lies within the prominent.
coastal coral reefs, about 6 miles NW of Hurghada (3.367). 2 Abu Minqâr Island stands on a coral reef about
Dishet Abu Hurghada, a remarkable flat topped hill, 1 miles SE of Franken Point and rises to a height of
55 m high, stands 4 miles SE of the bay. about 2 m. It is composed of sand and coral, covered in
A radio mast and a tower stand near the foreshore N of places with low bushes. A narrow creek entered from its W
Dishet Abu Hurghada; a group of four radio masts stand side is bordered with mangroves as is a smaller creek on
about 1 mile S. its N side.
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CHAPTER 3
Local weather
3.374
1 The weather in the N part of the Red Sea is controlled
in the summer months by the thermal low over Saudi
Arabia and the high pressure that ridges over the E
Mediterranean.
When the thermal low deepens and the high pressure
ridge strengthens, winds funnel through the Gulf of Suez
producing gale force winds and high seas, this funnelling is
exacerbated in the Hurghada region.
2 Visibility can be expected to be about 4 to 6 miles but
will be less in the suspended sand and heavy haze that
forms after the wind dies down.
3.375
1 Climatic table. See 1.275 and 1.278.
Arrival information
Notice of ETA
3.376
1 Vessels wishing to enter Hurghada should send their
ETA at the waiting area at least 24 hours in advance.
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
Signals, Volume 6 (3).
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CHAPTER 3
3.381
1 Approach from southeast. Pass clear of the Gifâtîn
Islands (3.390) and about 1 mile N of the reef extending N
from Giftûn el Kebîr, continue on a W course until Dishet
Abu Minqâr bears 199°, in transit with the high hill, then
proceed as described in the directions for the N entrance.
3.382
1 Departure. If leaving Hurghada by the N entrance, and Giftûn el Kebîr Light (27°16′⋅1N 33°3′⋅0E) (3.379)
(Original dated 1998)
clear of Minqâr Channel (3.370), then bring the leading
lights (3.379) in transit astern, bearing 194°. (Photography − Ports & Light Houses Administration Egypt)
Continue NNE on this course until Umm Qamar Islet
(3.333) bears 110°, when course may be shaped to pass on
either side of Sha‘b el Erg (3.333) to enter the SW side of than 310°, until the W extremity of Umm Agâwish el
Shadwân Channel (3.331); or NW to enter Tawîla Channel Kebîr bears 010°, when course may be altered N.
(3.356). Passing SW of the dangerous rock (4 miles SE) and
the shoal patch, with a least depth over it of 3⋅5 m,
Southern entrance which lies close SE, thence:
3.383 4 NE of the isolated shoal patch (4 miles SSE) with a
1 From a position about 1 mile E of Sa‘al Hashîsh least depth over it of 7 m, thence:
(27°02′N, 33°55′E) the track leads about 13 miles NNW to E of the low rocky islet (3 miles SSE) which is
the central part of the harbour, passing (with positions marked on its W side by a beacon (triangular
given from Dishet Abu Minqâr (27°12′⋅1N, 33°50′⋅4E)): topmark, apex up), thence:
ENE of the dangerous rock (6 miles SSE) which 5 W of the beacon (triangular topmark, apex down)
lies about 6 cables offshore, thence: (3 miles SSE) which marks the S end of Umm
2 WSW of Sha‘b Abu Rimâthi (7 miles ESE) a Agâwish el Kebîr, an islet about 5 m high and
below-water coral reef which is reported not to be composed of dead coral. A ledge of below-water
easily visible. Note the shoal (reported 2000), with rocks extends about 1 miles E from the E side of
a least depth over it of 22⋅9 m, which lies about the islet. Thence:
2 miles SE of the reef. Thence: 3.384
3 When Dishet Abu Minqâr is seen between Umm 1 Passing E of Sha‘b el Lug (2 miles S) a long and
Agâwish el Kebîr (27°10′N, 33°52′E) and the low rocky narrow drying coral reef which extends about
islet marked by a beacon, which lies about 6 cables SW of 3 miles in a N/S direction parallel to the coast,
its S end, the rocky islet should then be kept bearing more thence:
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CHAPTER 3
Berths
North Pier
3.385
1 North Pier is situated about 1 cables SSW of Franken
Point (3.369).
In 1986 the pier was reported to be in ruins.
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CHAPTER 3
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NOTES
125
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35° 40°
Râs Muhammad
El-Akhawein
(The Brothers)
4.1
4
25° 25°
EGY PT Abu el Kîzân
Berenice
Gezîret S AU D I
Zabargad ARABIA
159
-
Rabigh
Ras Hadarba
4 .1
5
Jeddah
SUDAN
-
Al Lith
20° 157 20°
Port Sudan
Masamirit I.
158
4.1
Farasan
6
Islands
ETHI O PI A 143
Mits’iwa
(Massawa)
15° 15°
4.
19
4.1
Jabal
7
Zuqar i.
ER
IT
4.8
R
2
EA
Ba
bel
M
an
de
b
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CHAPTER 4
RED SEA — CENTRAL PASSAGE — STRAIT OF GUBAL TO
STRAITS OF BAB EL MANDEB
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chart 4704 Weather
Scope of the chapter 4.4
4.1 1 In the Red Sea, N of 20°N, the wind is mainly from NW
1 The area covered by this chapter comprises the central to N throughout the year.
waters of the Red Sea from the S end of the Strait of Gubal Over the remainder of the Red Sea NW and N winds
(27°30′N, 34°06′E) to the Straits of Bab el Mandeb predominate from May to September, but from October to
(12°40′N, 43°20′E) which lead to the Gulf of Aden (12.1). April the winds are mainly from S to SE.
There is no record of any cyclone occurring in the Red
Description Sea. Thunderstorms are infrequent, as is rainfall.
4.2 2 It is extremely hot from June to September and the heat,
1 The Red Sea extends about 1050 miles SE from the Strait combined with the high humidity in the S part of the Red
of Gubal to the Straits of Bab el Mandeb. Sea during these months, makes the climate oppressive.
In the N part it is generally free of dangers, but, in the S,
many islands and shoals lie on the coastal banks which Flow
extend from both shores of the sea. 4.5
A chain of islands extends about 54 miles NNE from Ras 1 Currents setting in any direction may be experienced
Terma Zerf Ch’af (13°14′N, 42°33′E), encumbering the S throughout the year in the central passage route of the Red
end of the waterway. Sea.
The rates of the majority of the currents experienced in
Depths the Red Sea do not exceed 1 kn. Only rarely do they exceed
4.3 2 kn, but mariners should bear in mind that, on occasion,
1 The N half of the central passage through the Red Sea is considerable currents set across the Red Sea.
mostly deep; an isolated shoal depth of 55 m lies about
19 miles SE of El-Akhawein (26°19′N, 34°51′E). Protected areas
In the central S part of the waterway the coastal banks 4.6
extend progressively from both shores such that at Jazrat a 1 The coral reefs surrounding El-Akhawein (The Brothers)
’ir (15°33′N, 41°50′E) the 200 m depth contour lies about (26°19′N, 34°51′E), Abu el Kizân (Daedalus Reef) (24°55′N,
11 miles E, and 10 miles W, of the island. 35°52′E) and Gezîret Zabargad (23°37′N, 36°12′E) have
2 A shoal with a least depth over it of 28⋅5 m lies outside been declared protected areas.
the coastal bank about 34 miles E of Harmil (16°31′N, The use of anchors on, or adjacent to, protected coral
40°10′E). reefs is prohibited except in cases of emergency or force
Another shoal, with a least depth over it of 28⋅8 m, lies majeure.
about 29 miles NW of Jazrat a ’ir. Other shoals, with See Appendix III for further information.
least depths over them from 33 to 55 m, lie 20 miles NW
and 17 miles N, respectively, of the island. Caution
3 Farther S, in the narrowing part of the sea, the 200 m 4.7
depth contour of both coastal banks merges SW of Jabal 1 Mariners are advised to exercise caution if navigating
Zuqar Island (14°00′N, 42°45′E). close to the Muhabbaka Islands (13°23′N, 42°36′E). There
Caution. In general, navigation within the outer edges of have been reports that the charted positions of these islands
the coastal banks is dangerous. may be incorrect by varying amounts.
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from the vicinity of 13°13′N, 43°03′E to the SE entrance of night, it is advisable to give the islands a wide berth
Bab el Mandeb. as a cross-current often sets W in their vicinity,
All three schemes are IMO-adopted and Rule 10 of The thence:
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 3 WSW of Mashbih (25°38′N, 36°30′E) (9.118),
(1972) applies. See 1.2. thence:
WSW of Abu el Kizân (Daedalus Reef) (24°55′N,
International boundaries 35°52′E) (4.24) a coral reef which, during periods
4.10 of low sea-level in the Red Sea, sometimes dries but
1 The political boundary between Egypt and Sudan lies is always covered during periods of higher
close S of Ras Hadarba (22°04′N, 36°54′E); the sea-levels. The reef is steep-to and may be passed
administrative boundary reaches the coast close WSW of on either side. Abu el Kizân Light (4.13) is
Minear Island (23°10′⋅5N, 35°44′⋅2E). exhibited from the reef. Thence:
The boundary between Sudan and Eritrea lies close to 4 ENE of Râs Banâs (23°54′N, 35°47′E), the SE
Ras Qassr (18°01′N, 38°35′E). The boundary between extremity of a promontory extending about 16 miles
Eritrea and Djibouti lies close SW of Dumeira Island ESE from the main line of the coast. The hills of
(12°43′N, 43°09′E). the promontory are sharply divided into two groups
by difference of colour. Pale-coloured hills form a
Currents sinuous plateau through the length of the
4.11 promontory attaining a height of 198 m WNW of
1 Mariners should bear in mind that, on occasion, Râs Banâs, thence:
considerable currents set across the Red Sea. See 4.5. WSW of Shi’b Shu’aybah (24°26′N, 37°11′E) (9.110),
thence:
Magnetic anomalies
5 ENE of Gezîret Zabargad (23°37′N, 36°12′E) a barren
4.12
waterless island. A hill near its centre has a sharp
1 Magnetic anomalies have been reported in the Red Sea
conical peak which is of volcanic origin. The island
between the parallels of 22°N and 24°30′N.
is bordered by steep-to coral reefs, up to 4 cables
A local magnetic anomaly of up to 1° E has been
wide, which render it inaccessible except by a small
reported in the vicinity of Jazrat a ’ir (15°33′N,
boat passage which leads through the reef on the
41°50′E).
NE side of the island; the summit of the island
Mariners are reminded of the need to check magnetic
bearing 225° leads through this passage.
compass errors frequently when on passage through the Red
6 In 1950, it was reported that the island was inhabited
Sea.
and that a stone jetty was situated at the inner end
Principal marks of the boat passage. Two beacons (black metal
4.13 masts, rectangular red, white and black banded
1 Major lights: topmark, 16 m in height) stand on the NE and SE
Giftûn el Saghîr Light (black galvanised metal tower) sides of the island. Rocky Island, a small, steep and
(27°12′N, 33°59′E) exhibited from the E part of rocky island lies 3 miles SE of Gezîret Zabargad. In
Giftûn el Saghîr (3.390). 1984, a dangerous reef was reported to lie 5 miles E
El-Akhawein Light (The Brothers Light) (white round of Rocky Island. The coral reefs surrounding
tower on square dwellings, 31 m in height; racon) Gezîret Zabargad have been declared protected
(26°19′N, 34°51′E) exhibited from near the centre areas. See 4.6.
of North Island.
2 Abu el Kizân Light (Daedalus Reef Light) (white Chart 158
round stone tower, black bands on concrete base, Gezîret Zabargad to Masamirit
two storey dwelling; racon) (24°55′N, 35°52′E) 4.15
exhibited from a position 1 cables within the SW 1 From a position ENE of Gezîret Zabargad the track
end of the reef. continues SSE through the central part of the Red Sea,
3 Jazrat a ’ir Light (white round metal tower and passing:
lantern, 20 m in height) (15°33′N, 41°50′E) ENE of Ras Hadarba (22°04′N, 36°54′E) which is
exhibited from the W side of the summit of Jazrat formed of quicksands. A shoal (reported 1977), with
a ’ir (4.26). a least depth over it of 18⋅3 m, lies about 37 miles
SE of the point, thence:
Directions 2 WSW of Shi‘b al Kabr (21°41′N, 38°50′E) (9.266)
(continued from 3.42) which is marked by a directional light-beacon,
thence:
Strait of Gubal to Gezîret Zabargad ENE of Abington Reef (20°54′N, 37°27′E) (6.16) an
4.14 above-water coral reef from which Abington Reef
1 From a position at the SE end of the Strait of Gubal TSS, Light (6.14) is exhibited. Thence:
about 5 miles E of Shaker Island Light (27°27′N, 34°02′E) 3 WSW of Shi’b Mismar Mismar Reef) (21°20′N,
(3.35) the track leads SSE through the central part of the 39°02′E) (9.281) a drying reef marked by a
Red Sea, passing: light-beacon, thence:
2 WSW of El-Akhawein (The Brothers) (26°19′N, WSW of Qadd Humais (20°15′N, 39°29′E) which
34°51′E) (4.22) which consists of two islands, consists of a series of low sandy islets standing on
North Island and South Island, separated by a two steep-to reefs, thence:
channel about 1 mile wide. El-Akhawein Light 4 ENE of Masamirit (18°50′N, 38°45′E) which lies,
(4.13) is exhibited from near the centre of North together with Karam Masamirit (2 miles SSE), on
Island. When passing El-Akhawein, especially at the E side of the Sawkin Group (6.347). Both
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islets are low, composed of sand and coral, with thoroughly surveyed and there may be other similar
bushes on them. No attempt should be made to pass shoals in this vicinity, hence, the passage E of
between the two islets. A shoal area, with depths of Jaz’ir az Zubayr is not recommended. Thence:
5⋅5 m over it, extends 1 mile N from Karam WSW of Avocet Rock (14°22′N, 42°42′E), a steep-to
Masamirit. Masamirit Light (red metal framework coral patch, thence:
tower) is exhibited from the E side of Masamirit. 3 WSW of the isolated shoal (14°14′N, 42°27′E),
reported in 1987 with a least depth over it of 10 m,
thence:
Charts 157, 143, 453 WSW of Jabal Zuqar Island (14°00′N, 42°45′E) (4.48)
Masamirit to Jaz ’ir az Zubayr and the ansh group of islands (4.46).
4.16 Thence, the track leads through the SSE-bound lane of
1 From a position ENE of Masamirit the track continues SE the ansh al Kubrá TSS, passing:
through the central part of the Red Sea, passing: 4 WSW of South West Rocks (13°38′N, 42°36′E) which
SW of Mubarak (19°00′N, 40°08′E) a dangerous reef, consist of a rock 7 m high, with an above-water and
over which the sea breaks, which lies close to the a below-water rock close off its E side. The rocks
W edge of the N end of Farasn Bank (10.14), are steep-to and stand on the NW side of the deep
thence: trough off the SW part of ansh al Kubrá (4.61);
2 SW of Wasalyat Islets (17°41′N, 41°02′E) which they give a good radar response.
consist of two low sandy islets standing on a coral 4.18
bank. Shi‘b al Jum (10.66) a dangerous rock, lies 1 Thence, the track alters SE within the TSS, passing:
about 11 miles SW of these islets; a further WSW and SW of South West Haycock (13°32′N,
dangerous rock lies a similar distance W, thence: 42°37′E), the SW of the three islands that form the
3 SW of Al Baghlah (16°57′N, 41°24′E) (10.200). Al Haycocks (4.69), thence:
Baghlah Light-beacon (10.67) stands on the NW 2 NNE of High Island (13°27′N, 42°35′E) which is
side of the island. Jzn North Light-buoy, which white in appearance. Flat Island (4.70), which lies
marks the entrance to Jzn North Approach Route, about 3 miles SSW, is also white in appearance. A
is moored about 6 miles W of the island. Thence: shoal with a depth of 1⋅7 m over it, lies about
4 NE of a shoal patch (16°27′N, 40°45′E), with a least 1 cables E of the island. Thence:
depth of 28⋅5 m over it, which lies close off the NE SSW of a shoal (13°28′N, 42°43′E) with a least depth
side of Dahlak Bank (7.87), thence: over it of 24⋅5 m.
5 NE of a shoal patch (15°49′N, 41°25′E), with a least 3 Thence, from the termination of the TSS, the
depth of 28⋅8 m over it, and clear of a shoal patch, recommended track continues SE, passing:
with a least depth over it of 33 m, which lies about NNE of Harbi Island (13°21′N, 42°39′E) which rises
11 miles E. Note the shoal patch, with a least depth vertically from the sea. A depth of 0⋅6 m lies close
over it of 33 m (existence doubtful), which lies E. Sayal Island (4.70) lies about 5 miles WSW.
close NW, and the shoal patch (reported 1984), with Thence:
a least depth of 55 m over it, which lies 10 miles E, NNE of a wreck (13°11′N, 42°53′E), with a least
thence: depth over it of 7⋅3 m. Fieramosca Shoal, which lies
6 SW of Jazrat a ’ir (15°33′N, 41°50′E) (4.26). about 4 miles SSW of the wreck, is composed of
Thence: coral and has a least depth over it of 5⋅5 m.
SW of Quoin Island (15°12′N, 42°03′E) (4.31), thence: 4 Thence, the track leads through the precautionary area
7 SW of Saddle Island (15°07′N, 42°06′E) (4.33) which (13°15′N, 43°02′E) about 14 miles WSW of Al Mukh, and
lies on the NW side of Jaz’ir az Zubayr. If, when into the SSE-bound lane of the Straits of Bab el Mandeb
passing SW of Jaz’ir az Zubayr, a strong S wind is TSS.
blowing then give the islands a wide berth as there (Directions continue at 4.82)
is a strong onshore set. Strong winds are frequent
during the six months from November to April,
thence: Jaz ’ir az Zubayr to Al Mukh Precautionary Area
8 SW of Centre Peak Island (15°01′N, 42°10′E) (4.40) passing east of Jabal Zuqar Island
the S-most island of Jaz’ir az Zubayr. Centre Peak
(continued from 4.16)
Island Light (concrete tower, 14 m in height) is
exhibited from the middle of the SE side of the 4.19
1 From a position SW of Centre Peak Island, the track
island.
(Directions continue for passing SW of leads SE, passing:
anØsh al Kubrá at 4.17, and for passing SW of Penguin Shoal (14°57′N, 42°21′E) (4.17),
thence:
E of Jabal Zuqar Island at 4.19)
SW of Avocet Rock (14°22′N, 42°42′E) (4.17), thence:
2 NE of the reported shoal (14°14′N, 42°27′E) with a
Charts 143, 453, 452, 1925 depth of 10 m over it.
Jaz ’ir az Zubayr to Al Mukh Precautionary Area Caution. During the period of the NE monsoon there is
passing south-west of an sh al Kubrá often a heavy sea between about 15 miles N of Ab ‘Al
Islands (14°05′N, 42°49′E) and 15 miles NW.
(continued from 4.16) 4.20
4.17 1 The track then leads through the SE-bound lane of the
1 From a position SW of Centre Peak Island, the track Jabal Zuqar Island TSS, passing, (with positions given from
continues SSE, passing: Quoin Island Light (14°05′N, 42°49′E)):
2 WSW of Penguin Shoal (14°57′N, 42°21′E), a small 2 NE of High Island (3 miles W) which is steep-to and
steep-to rocky patch. This area has not been lies close off North Point, the N extremity of Jabal
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Zuqar Island (4.48), and into the Ab ‘Al Channel 7 WSW of South Shoals (13°17′N, 43°11′E) (11.250)
(4.45), thence: which lie on the coastal bank WSW of Al Mukh
NE of North Point (3 miles W), a low and sandy point (11.243).
near which grow a few green bushes, thence: Thence, the track leads through the precautionary area
3 SW of Quoin Island from which Quoin Island Light (13°15′N, 43°02′E) to a position about 14 miles WSW of Al
(white square building with name on side, 9 m in Mukh, and into the SSE-bound lane of the Straits of Bab el
height) is exhibited from near the islands summit. Mandeb TSS.
Water tanks for the use of the lighthouse keepers are (Directions continue at 4.82)
situated nearby. An islet, 1⋅8 m in height, lies about
2 cables SW of Quoin Island; a rock awash and a THE CENTRAL NORTHERN PART
dangerous rock lie close off the S side of the islet. OF THE RED SEA
The channel between Quoin Island and the islet
El-Akhawein
should not be used for navigation. A shoal, with a
least depth over it of 24 m, lies about 3 miles NE Chart 159
of Quoin Island Light. Thence: 4.22
4 NE of East Point (3 miles SSW) which is low and 1 Description. El-Akhawein, also known as The Brothers,
rocky with white sand behind it. A shoal lies close (26°19′N, 34°51′E) are situated about 81 miles SSE of
E of the point, with a least depth over it of 4⋅5 m; a Shaker Island (3.42) and consist of two islands, North Island
dangerous wreck lies on this shoal. The coast of and South Island, separated by a channel 1 mile wide.
Jabal Zuqar Island between North Point and East Both islands are composed of coral, and apart from a
Point is fringed by a reef extending up to 1 cable coral reef which fringes them, are steep-to. The reef extends
offshore; a conspicuous stranded wreck lies 5 cables about 140 m NW of the NW end of North Island; and a spit,
NW of East Point. with a least depth over it of 5⋅5 m, extends about 140 m NW
5 Thence, the track leads SSE within the TSS, passing: of the NW end of South Island.
ENE of a shoal (3 miles S), with a least depth over it 2 El-Akhawein Light (The Brothers Light) (4.13) is
of 17⋅8 m, lying about 1 mile ESE of East Point. exhibited from near the centre of North Island. During
Note the 18⋅3 m shoal (reported 1963) which lies periods of abnormal refraction this light has been seen from
close NNW. a distance of over 100 miles.
4.21 A bollard to which vessels may secure during N winds is
1 From the S end of the Jabal Zuqar Island TSS the situated on the SE extremity of North Island. An iron jetty
recommended track continues SSE, passing: 55 m long extends from the middle of the SW side of North
ENE of a shoal (7 miles S), with a least depth over it Island to the edge of the reef.
of 15 m (reported 1999), lying about 1 miles off 4.23
the E side of Jabal Zuqar Island, thence: 1 Protected area. The coral reefs surrounding El-Akhawein
2 ENE of Low Island (12 miles S) (4.54). An 8 m high have been declared protected areas.
islet lies off the N end of the island, and an 11 m See 4.6 and Appendix III.
high rock lies off its SE side. A chain of rocks and Abu el Kizân
a narrow islet extend from the S end of the island. 4.24
Fawn Rock, a dangerous rock nearly awash, lies 1 Description. Abu el Kizân, also known as Daedalus Reef,
about 3 cables E of the S end of the island. (24°55′N, 35°52′E) lies about 100 miles SSE of
Thence: El-Akhawein (4.22) and is composed of coral.
3 ENE of a rocky shoal (13 miles S), with a least The reef sometimes dries during the low-level period of
depth over it of 12⋅5 m. Shoaler depths may well the Red Sea but it is always covered during the high level
exist in this area and the E side of Low Island period; for further information on sea levels, see 1.246.
should be given a wide berth. Thence: Abu el Kizân Light (4.13) is exhibited from a position
4 ENE of Mushjirah (13°47′N, 42°50′E), a small islet E 1 cables within the SW end of the reef. An iron jetty
of the N end of ansh al Kubrá. The islet may be extends S from the light-tower to the edge of the reef.
approached on its W and S sides to a distance of 4.25
2 cables, but a reef extends about 90 m N and about 1 Protected area. The coral reefs surrounding Abu el Kizân
3 cables E. The islet only rises to a height of 7 m have been declared protected areas. See 4.6 and Appendix
and is not easily seen at night. A shoal, with a least III.
depth over it of 11 m, lies about 5 cables NNW of
the islet. Thence:
5 ENE of Quoin Island (13°43′N, 42°48′E) which lies
about 5 cables E of North Round Island off the E OFFSHORE ISLANDS IN THE CENTRAL
side of ansh al Kubrá. The channels between the SOUTHERN PART OF THE RED SEA
islands, and between North Round Island and
ansh al Kubrá, are free from dangers. Thence: Jaz rat a ’ir
ENE of Round Island (13°40′N, 42°48′E) which lies Chart 143
2 miles SSE of North Round Island; the island is Description
dark in appearance, thence: 4.26
6 ENE of Parkin Rock (13°37′N, 42°49′E) which is 1 Jazrat a ’ir (15°33′N, 41°50′E), situated about
small and only 3⋅4 m in height. Caution is necessary 600 miles SSE of Daedalus Reef (4.24), rises to a height of
if, when near the rock, it has not been sighted. 244 m.
Depths in the vicinity are almost uniform until close The island is of recent volcanic origin and is composed
to Parkin Rock, such that soundings will give no chiefly of lava. Sulphurous jets exist at the summit, but, for
warning of its presence. Thence: many years, no smoke has been seen issuing.
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Shoe Rock, 5 m high, stands on the SE edge of the reef Ab ‘Al Islands
about 3 cables NE of Connected Island. Charts 453, 1925
Description
4.43
Jabal Zubayr Island 1 Ab ‘Al Islands (14°05′N, 42°49′E) lie about 2 miles
4.37 NE of Jabal Zuqar Island in the separation zone of the Jabal
1 Jabal Zubayr Island (15°03′N, 42°11′E) lies close SE of Zuqar Island TSS. They are a group of barren islands and
Saba Island. The island has a central N/S range of hills islets, whitish-brown in colour and therefore not easily seen
which rise to a cone-shaped summit, 224 m high, about at night. Each island is bordered by reefs and rocks
3 cables from its S extremity. extending up to about 90 m offshore.
The channel between Jabal Zubayr Island and Saba Island 2 Quoin Island (4.20) and Pile Island are the two main
has a least width, between the 10 m depth contours close islands of the group.
SW of the anchorage, of 1 cables. Pile island, which lies about 2 cables NE of Quoin Island,
North Peak rises about 6 cables from the N end of the is composed of two parts joined by a reef. The island is
island and is square in shape, and 162 m in height. fringed by rocks and reefs on its N and W sides and is
A stranded wreck lies close off the S end of the island. almost steep-to on its E side. The island is inaccessible.
4.38 3 Landing on the E side of Quoin Island, from the vicinity
1 Anchorage. Between September to April, the period of of the anchorage (4.44), is especially good at HW. At times,
prevailing SE winds, anchorage may be obtained in when the anchorage is unsafe, landing has been made N of
mid-channel between Saba Island and Jabal Zubayr Island, in the lighthouse; in strong SE winds there is a good landing in
depths of about 16 m, as shown on the chart. smooth water on a ledge on this side of the island.
This anchorage is not recommended during SW winds, 4 An islet, 1⋅8 m in height, lies about 2 cables SW of Quoin
which can be frequent in winter, as it is open to both wind Island. A rock awash and a dangerous rock lie close off its S
and sea. side, with shoal water extending about 1 cables E of the S
4.39 end of the islet. The channel between Quoin Island and the
1 Off-lying dangers. Williamson Shoal lies about 8 cables islet should not be used for navigation.
NE of the NE corner of Jabal Zubayr Island. Quoin Island Light (4.20) is exhibited from near the
Evans Rock, lies about 1 mile SE of the SE side of Jabal summit of Quoin Island.
Zubayr Island near the centre of a bank, with depths over it 4.44
from 20 to 50 m. 1 Anchorage. Between the middle of May and the middle
A small, unnamed and steep-to coral shoal, with a least of December, the period of prevailing NNW winds, a good
depth over it of 5⋅5 m, lies about 8 cables SW of Evans safe anchorage may be obtained in depths of 16 m, sand and
Rock. coral, with Quoin Island Light (4.20) bearing 270°, distant
3 cables. This anchorage is not safe at other times of the
year.
In August squalls of wind and rain from the SE
Centre Peak Island sometimes occur. During such conditions the anchorage
4.40 should be vacated.
1 Centre Peak Island (15°01′N, 42°10′E), the S-most island
of Jaz’ir az Zubayr, is steep-to and rises from a rocky coast
to three hills. The highest hill, which rises to a height of
Ab ‘Al Channel
4.45
173 m, about 4 cables N of the S end of the island, is
1 Ab ‘Al Channel (14°04′N, 42°48′E) lies between the
surmounted by a disused light-house.
Some water tanks stand on the beach of a small bay on Ab ‘Al Islands on its E side, and High Island (4.20) and
Jabal Zuqar Island (4.48) on its W side.
the SW side of the island.
The fairway, which forms the SE-bound lane of the Jabal
Centre Peak Island Light (4.16) is exhibited from the
middle of the SE end of the island. Zuqar Island TSS, is about 1 miles wide and is deep and
free from dangers. It is advisable to keep in the middle of
4.41
the channel as the tidal streams in the channel are very
1 Anchorage may be obtained, as shown on the chart, in a
depth of about 22 m, mud, with the disused light-house irregular and occasionally set across it.
2 At night, or in hazy weather, the high land of Jabal Zuqar
bearing 240°, distant 5 cables. The anchorage is suitable for
Island often has a peculiar distant appearance and East Point,
use from the beginning of May to the end of August during
the period of prevailing NW winds. the SW entrance point to the channel, being low with white
sand behind it, may resemble water and not be identified
As this anchorage berth is situated close inshore, during
until dangerously close to it.
August, vessels should not lie here overnight as squalls of
wind and rain from the SE sometimes occur, especially at
sunset. Jabal Zuqar and the an sh group of islands
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The islands mostly rise to dark brown volcanic hills, with Anchorage is also obtainable between 2 and 4 cables off
rocky peaks of various shapes. Craters are evident on some the reef which borders the NW side of Jabal Zuqar Island, in
of the largest islands. depths from 13 to 18 m; and in depths from 31 to 47 m
4.47 5 cables off. The bottom is rocky in both anchorage berths.
1 Currents. From observations made many years ago, a 4.51
frequent E-going set of upwards of 1 kn was recorded 1 Shark Island (13°57′N, 42°42′E) lies about 3 miles SSE
between Jabal Zuqar Island (14°00′N, 42°45′E), the ansh of West Point.
group of islands (2 to 23 miles S) and the Arabian Coast A rock awash lies off the NW tip of the island and a
(25 miles E) during the strong S and SSE winds which are dangerous rock lies off its E side. A reef fringes the SW part
prevalent in winter. of the island.
2 A N-going current with rates of to 1 kn is generally Near Island (13°57′N, 42°43′E) forms the W side of
experienced between ansh al Kubrá (13°43′N, 42°44′E) South Bay and is mostly steep-to.
and Ras Terma Zerf Ch’af (13°14′N, 42°33′E) with strong A dangerous rock lies off the NW side of the island; a
SE winds. There is reason to believe that this current is dangerous rock and a small islet lies off its SE side.
stronger between ansh al Kubrá and the Haycocks (7 miles
SW) than between the Haycocks and Ras Terma Zerf Ch’af. Tongue Island
The sea is much heavier between ansh al Kubrá and 4.52
the Haycocks than farther S. 1 Tongue Island (13°53′N, 42°43′E) lies about 2 miles
SW of the SW corner of the S end of Jabal Zuqar Island
(4.48) from which it is separated by a deep channel free of
Jabal Zuqar Island dangers.
4.48 The island is semi-circular in shape and is connected from
1 Jabal Zuqar Island (14°00′N, 42°45′E) rises to high, its SW point to a low rock islet by a ridge of below-water
barren-looking hills, which, on some bearings, appear as dangerous rocks.
sharp peaks. The highest peak rises to a height of 571 m The enclosed basin formed by the island, islet and rocks
from near the middle of the island. has a least depth within of 11 m. Boats may enter the basin
There are no permanent inhabitants of the island but it is through a passage on its E side which has a least depth of
visited by fishermen, generally between February and June. 3⋅2 m.
High Island (4.20) lies close N of North Point the N
extremity of the island. The NE side of the island between an sh a
ughrá
North Point and East Point forms the SE side of Ab ‘Al 4.53
Channel (4.45). 1 The island of ansh a ughrá (13°52′N, 42°47′E) lies
2 The NW side of Jabal Zuqar Island is bordered by a reef about 1 miles S of Jabal Zuqar Island from which it is
extending up to 5 cables offshore; West Point forms the W separated by a deep channel, free of dangers.
extremity of the Island. The island is hilly and rugged with grass in places, but
South Bay which is situated on the SW side of the island the 191 m high summit is not easily distinguished.
is entered SE of Near Island (13°57′N, 42°43′E), the bay Tumble-down Peak, on the E side of the island, shows up
affords good anchorage. Two stone huts and a hut for water well from both N and S; the peak is so named because from
tanks stand on the NE shore of the bay. the SW it resembles a small peak in the act of falling.
4.49 A group of rocky islets stand on a shallow flat which
1 Tidal streams. The tidal streams around Jabal Zuqar extends just over 1 mile NE of the island.
Island are very irregular, but they appear to set along the
coasts. Low Island
In the anchorage off the NW coast the in-going stream 4.54
has been observed to set SW at a rate of 2 kn, and NE 1 Low Island (13°52′N, 42°49′E) lies about 5 cables E of
with the out-going stream. the N end of ansh a ughrá; an islet, 8 m in height, lies
Current. A strong S-going set has been experienced on off the N end of the island, and an 11 m high rock lies off
the W coasts of Jabal Zuqar Island whilst a strong its SE side. A chain of rocks and a narrow islet extend from
NW-going current was running in the offing. the S end of the island.
4.50 Fawn Rock, a dangerous rock nearly awash, lies about
1 Anchorages. An anchorage for larger vessels, with good 2 cables E of the S end of the island.
shelter from S winds, may be obtained, as shown on the 4.55
chart, about 1 miles W of North Point in depths of about 1 Tidal stream. In the channel between ansh a ughrá
20 m, sand and coral. and Low Island the tidal stream sets S from about HW in
2 Small vessels may obtain anchorage, as shown on the Ab ‘Al Channel until about 4 hours before the next HW
chart, about 4 cables NNW of East Point, although a swell there.
sets into the bay. Many years ago a current of about 1 kn set continuously
Two anchorage berths, as indicated on the chart, are N during a short period of anchorage in the channel between
obtainable in South Bay off the SW side of the island. The ansh a ughrá and Low Island, whereas the tidal stream
best berth is in the NW part of the bay between the N part would have been expected to set S for the last 4 hours of the
of Near Island and the coast of Jabal Zuqar Island, in depths stay.
of about 15 m. The anchorage in the E part of the bay is in 4.56
a depth of about 22 m, coral. 1 Anchorages. Anchorage, well sheltered from S winds and
3 Anchorage may also be obtained in the unnamed bay at sea, may be obtained N of ansh a ughrá in depths from
the S end of Jabal Zuqar Island, as shown on the chart, 13 to 20 m, about 2 cables offshore with Tumble-down Peak
about 1 cable E of the W entrance point to the bay, in bearing due S, as shown on the chart. This anchorage is
depths of about 10 m sand and coral. The reefs fringing the reported to be preferable to the anchorages between ansh
shores of the bay are generally visible. a ughrá and Low Island.
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2 Jabal Hajar is a range of hills which run nearly parallel to 2 The stream sets NW with the in-going tide and SE with
the S coast of Arabia from about 17 miles NE of Ra’s Bb the out-going tide. From observations taken in January many
al Mandeb. The range is dark in appearance, irregular in years ago, the tidal streams set each way for about 12 hours,
outline, and, although rising to heights between 200 and but this is what would be expected as the tides in this area
288 m, it appears low, as a sandy plain rises gradually from are diurnal.
the coast to an elevation of about 120 to 150 m at the base At the SE extremity of Mayyn the NW stream divides,
of the hills. one part setting through Small Strait and the other, which is
4.76 stronger, setting along the SW coast of Mayyn.
1 In addition to the Straits of Bab el Mandeb TSS, new and 3 The stream setting through Small Strait appears to divide
revised routeing measures W and S of Hanish al Kubra and at the N extremity of Mayyn, one part setting NNW and
E of Jabal Zuqar Island have been adopted by IMO and the other rounding Balfe Point (4.83). This latter stream
were implemented on 1st July 2003. For further information turns SE along the SW coast of Mayyn; between 2 and
see charts. Rule 10 of The International Regulations for 3 hours before HW, the stream meets the branch of the NW
Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972) applies. stream near the SW end of the island. This causes overfalls,
which generally work E to the entrance to False Bay
(12°38′⋅2N, 43°25′⋅5E). These streams are much influenced
by the wind; during the period November to April, when the
Flow current is setting into the Red Sea, the SE stream does not
appear to run.
4.77
1 Current. During the SW monsoon period from June to
September the flow is out of the Red Sea, and, during the Caution
period of the NE monsoon from November to April, the 4.79
flow enters the Red Sea. The surface set in the Straits of 1 Caution is necessary if approaching the coast between Ras
Bab el Mandeb is the resultant of the current caused by the Raheita (12°44′N, 43°07′E) and Ras Siyyân (20 miles SE)
wind and that of the tide, and is very variable. From within the 50 m depth contour, as there are unsurveyed areas
November to April, the period of strong SE winds, there along this stretch of coast.
may be a continuous NW set with rates between to
3 kn.
2 The current in the straits sets approximately in the Local weather
direction of the wind and attains a rate of 1 to 1 kn. 4.80
During the period from November to April the current 1 In June, July and August, thick hazy weather is often
caused by the strong SE wind often overcomes the SE set of experienced on the Arabian Coast between the Straits of Bab
the tide and there may be a NW set between and 3 kn. el Mandeb and Aden (90 miles E).
In November and December, many years ago, during a Sand storms have been experienced off Mayyn.
period of strong SE winds this NW set was observed
extending from Large Strait to the parallel of 13°N at a rate Charts 143, 452
between 1 and 3 kn. The NW set close SW of Mayyn Principal marks
(12°39′N, 43°25′E), turns sharply round Balfe Point, the W 4.81
extremity of the island. 1 Major light:
3 In June and July, many years ago, during a period of Mayyn High Light (grey stone tower with wall, white
light NW winds the currents generally set SSE off Mayyn lantern, 25 m in height) (12°39′N, 43°26′E)
at rates of less than to 1 kn. exhibited from the E part of Mayyn. A flagstaff
4 From observations made during January many years ago, stands nearby.
at a position 7 miles SW of Mayyn, it would appear that 2 Landmarks:
the surface current set into the Red Sea at an average rate of Jebel Musali (12°28′N, 42°24′E), which rises to a
1 kn and was greatly influenced by the tide during this height of 2028 m, has two clefts and makes a good
period. From about 8 hours before to 4 hours after HW landmark. Some of the mountains in this vicinity
springs at Mayyn, the NW set was from 1 to 2 kn; are covered with a coarse, granular black and
while from 4 hours after to 8 hours before HW springs the light-brown earth.
rate was from 0 to 1 kn. 3 Jabal al Manhal (12°41′N, 43°29′E), which rises to a
5 Again, during a period of observations in January many height of 270 m, is volcanic in origin and is the
years ago, observations were made to ascertain the difference highest land near the NE side of the Straits of Bab
between the set of upper and lower strata of the water in the el Mandeb. When approaching from the E the peak
entrance to the Straits of Bab el Mandeb. These observations is visible for a distance of about 34 miles; the other
showed a surface current setting into the Red Sea at a rate of peaks near Ra’s Bb al Mandeb are visible at lesser
about 1 kn and, at the same time at a depth of 192 m, a distances.
current setting outwards at about the same rate, both currents 4 Mayyn (12°39′N, 43°25′E) with its High Light, is
were influenced by the tidal streams. The dividing plane visible from a distance of 15 to 20 miles; its outline
between the two currents appeared to be at a depth of about is even and unbroken. It should not therefore be
137 m. mistaken for the high land of Ra’s Bb al Mandeb,
4.78 which has many irregularities.
1 Tidal stream. The tidal streams are very irregular in both 5 Jabal as Sunnyah (12°42′N, 43°31′E), which rises to a
rate and duration; sometimes in the middle of the strait there height of over 100 m, is a small range of hills of
is a weak SE current, while at other times it attains a rate of irregular outline lying about 2 miles NE of Jabal al
4 kn causing a ruffling of the water. After strong NW or SE Manhal. The intervening land is low, sandy, and
winds the tidal stream setting in the same direction as the barren but a few bushes and patches of grass may
wind may continue for up to 16 hours. occasionally be seen.
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3 NE of Siyyân Himâr (11 miles SW) which consists six steep rocky islets of volcanic origin which are fringed by
of two small rocks, each of which is about 2 m reefs over which the sea breaks.
high, standing on a reef; the reef dries near its SE 2 From the W side of the group the islands are named as
end. A wreck, with a least depth over it of 14⋅9 m, Hamra, Rhounda Dâbali, Tolka, Kadda Dâbali (4.83), Horod
lies just over 1 mile ESE of the reef, thence: le Rhale and Rhounda Komaytou. All the islands, with the
4 SW of Pirie Point (1 miles SW) the W entrance point exception of Kadda Dâbali which is bright yellow in colour,
of Mayyn Harbour (4.102). A number of radio are brownish.
masts stand on the point; a conspicuous building is A mooring buoy is laid close inshore off the S side
situated about 1 cables NW of the point. A coral Kadda Dâbali, about 2 cables W of the SE end of the
head lies at the extremity of foul ground about island.
100 m S from the point. A shoal, with a least depth 3 A dangerous pinnacle rock, with a least depth over it of
over it of 11⋅9 m, lies about 6 cables SW of the 0⋅5 m, lies about 2 cables NW of the N end of Rhounda
point. Dâbali. The water over the rock is not discoloured, and, as
5 SW of Lee Point (1 miles SSW) the W extremity of the rock is dark in colour, it is not visible. Local fishermen
a promontory which forms the E entrance point of state that depths in this vicinity are irregular and it is quite
Mayyn Harbour. Two cairns stand on the possible that other dangerous rocks may well exist. Eddies
promontory, the front cairn at an elevation of 18 m have been seen about 2 cables W of the rock, but, as similar
and the rear at an elevation of 37 m. And: eddies have frequently been seen in the area in places that
6 NE of Ras Siyyân (12 miles SSW) the E extremity were later found to be clear of obstructions, they may or
of a promontory extending NNE from the coastline. may not indicate the presence of shoal water.
The N side of the promontory rises to a reddish 4.85
volcanic peak, 138 m high, and is rocky and 1 Caution. The channels between the islets of the Sawbi
precipitous. The promontory is connected with the group have never been closely examined and should be
mainland by a low neck of land, on the W side of avoided.
which is a bay bordered by mangroves. Within the The currents and eddies in the vicinity of the islets are
bay lies Siyyân, a white above-water rock. Thence: variable. If it is necessary to pass between the islets, then
7 SW of Ra’s a awl (1 miles S) (4.98) the S steer directly for the passage from some distance off, as the
extremity of Mayyn, thence: eddies make steering difficult when turning near the islets.
NE of Kadda Dâbali (11 miles S), part of the Sawbi
(4.84) group of islands, which is bright yellow in LARGE STRAIT
colour and rises to a summit of 114 m which is
Chart 452
surmounted by a masonry block; a beacon stands
near the SE end of the island. Thence: Description
8 Into the Gulf of Aden. 4.86
(Directions continue for the north side of the Gulf of 1 Large Strait (12°35′N, 43°20′E), which forms part of the
Aden at 12.17 and for Djibouti and the south side of Straits of Bab el Mandeb, lies between the African coast and
the Gulf of Aden at 14.15) the SW coast of Mayyn (4.96).
Large Strait is deep and free of dangers with the
exception of a shoal, with a least depth over it of 11⋅9 m,
Offshore islands which lies about 6 cables SW of Pirie Point (12°38′N,
43°25′E). This shoal lies clear of the TSS.
Chart 452
Saw bi Topography
4.84 4.87
1 Sawbi (Jaz’ir Seba), which lies between 2 and 1 From the coast on the SW side of Large Strait, S of Ras
7 miles E of Ras Siyyân (12°29′N, 43°20′E), is a group of Raheita (12°44′N, 43°07′E), a low sandy plain extends W to
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close within the entrance to the bay where the coastal bank dry out for about 1 cable; their outer parts are shallow and
is fairly steep-to; a rock awash lies in the middle of the bay, filled with many scattered coral heads.
just within its entrance. The bay is encumbered with patches A steep-to shoal, with a least depth over it of 4 m, lies
of coral and sand up to about 2 cables from its shores. about 1 cables WNW of Chevalier Point which forms the
Ra’s a awl (12°37′⋅9N, 43°25′⋅9E) forms the SE corner extremity of a promontory that separates Shand Bay from
of the island. James Bay.
Princess Shoal lies about 1 cables SE of Murray Point.
3 Lang Point is the extremity of a promontory which
Prohibited area separates James Bay from William Bay; a conspicuous
4.99 building stands at an elevation of about 26 m, 1 cables
1 The island of Mayyn lies within a prohibited area, as ESE of the point. A stranded wreck lies close SW of the
shown on the charts. point.
On the N side of the harbour are situated several radio
masts and a radar scanner.
Natural conditions
4.100
1 Local weather. Throughout the summer NW winds Tidal stream
prevail bringing a fine dust which forms a cloud bank that 4.103
obscures the sun for about an hour before sunset. 1 The tidal streams in the harbour are weak and greatly
In September, the weather is particularly unpleasant and affected by the wind.
damp, especially at night, when clouds usually form 2 The in-going stream sets N into the harbour with the
overhead and render the atmosphere oppressive. main part of it turning into the NW branch of the port. A
4.101 small part sets into James Bay; it then turns W setting close
1 Sea temperature. Considerable and often sudden, round Murray Point and then into Murray Bay whence it
changes of the surface sea temperature occur in the vicinity turns SE along the S shore of the NW branch of the
of Mayyn. During these conditions the temperature of the harbour. Within 5 cables NW of Pirie Point the stream is
water inside the harbour may be as much as 11°C lower only perceptible in depths of less than 5 m.
than that of the sea N of the island. 3 The out-going stream appears to set fairly regularly out of
the harbour though close S of Murray Point its direction is
uncertain.
Mayy n Harbour
Approach and entry
Chart 452 plan of Mayyøn Harbour 4.104
Description 1 Leading beacons:
4.102 Front beacon (white stone cone, 10 m in height)
1 Mayyn Harbour (12°39′N, 43°25′E) is entered between standing on Murray Point (12°39′⋅0N, 43°24′⋅7E).
Pirie Point (4.83) and Lee Point (5 cables SE). Rear beacon (white stone cone, at an elevation of
Murray Point (12°39′⋅0N, 43°24′⋅7E), situated at the head 16 m) (about 90 m from front beacon).
of the inlet, divides the harbour into two arms. Murray Bay, 2 From a position about 5 cables S of Lee Point
which lies W of Murray Point, forms the port area whereas (12°38′⋅2N, 43°25′⋅1E) the approach leads NNW on the
the area to the E is encumbered with shoals. alignment of 343° of the leading beacons on Murray Point.
2 William Bay, James Bay and Shand Bay are all situated This alignment leads in depths of over 10 m to the
on the E side of the harbour. The heads of these bays partly anchorage, passing WSW of Lee Point and close ENE of the
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wreck, with a least depth over it of 4⋅3 m, which lies about Berths
1 cables ESE of Pirie Point. 4.108
4.105 1 The Water Pier, situated about 5 cables NW of Pirie
1 Alternative approach. An alternative approach and entry Point, has a least depth at its outer end of 1⋅8 m. The pier
may be made into the harbour and that is to steer with the adjoins the fresh water distillation plant and is in regular and
conspicuous building on Lang Point (4.102) bearing 023°, frequent use by coastal vessels and dhows.
until the NE cairn on Lee Point bears about 134°, when 2 There are many other jetties capable of accommodating
course may be altered NW for the anchorage. boats but they are situated in shallow water and approached
4.106 through coral heads and boulders. These further jetties are
1 Caution is necessary when entering Mayyn Harbour as mostly in a poor state of repair except for those in the
the current sets across the entrance according to the direction vicinity of Water Pier and the port administration office.
of the wind.
When entering the harbour during strong S and SW Facilities
winds there is often a considerable swirl off Chevalier Point 4.109
which has a strong tendency to turn a ships head to 1 A slipway, which is situated close W of Water Pier, is
starboard. Mariners with low powered and less manoeuvrable limited in its use by the range of the tide to shallow draught
vessels should take extra care. vessels only.
Anchorage
4.107 Supplies
1 Anchorage may be obtained in a depth of about 10 m, as 4.110
shown on the chart, about 2 cables SSW of Murray Point. 1 Fresh water from Water Pier.
Anchorage may also be obtained NW of the charted
anchorage position in lesser depths. Communications
The holding ground in these anchorages is reported to be 4.111
poor. 1 An airstrip is situated on the N side of the harbour.
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Chapter 5 - Red Sea - west side. Gifâtin Islands to Ras Abu Fatma
27° 12 27°
S AU D I
5.15
Râs Abu Sôma
3043
ARABIA
Safâga
5.70 3043
2375
El-Akhawein
(The Brothers)
El Qu=eir
3043
26° 5.116 26°
- -
Ra’s Kar Kurkuma
5.1
6
5.1
7
25° 25°
Abu el Kîzân
EG YPT
158
5 .1
8
Gezîret
Zabargad
5 .1
9
S U DA N
22° 22°
34° Longitude 35° East from Greenwich 36° 37°
0205
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CHAPTER 5
RED SEA — WEST SIDE — GIFÂTÎN ISLANDS TO RAS ABU FATMA
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chart 4704 See Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume 6 (3) for
Scope of the chapter further information.
5.1
1 The area described in this chapter covers the W side of
the Red Sea from the Gifâtîn Islands (27°14′N, 33°55′E) to Notice of ETA
Ras Abu Fatma (22°26′N, 36°25′E), 320 miles SSE. The 5.7
chapter also includes descriptions of the ports of Safâga 1 Vessels should send ETA, at least 24 hours in advance of
(26°44′N, 33°56′E) (5.70), El Queir (26°06′N, 34°17′E) arrival, quoting last port of call, position, course and speed.
(5.116) and Port Berenice (23°56′N, 35°29′E) (5.140); and See Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume 6 (3) for further
the small phosphate loading berth of Mîna amrâwein information.
(26°15′N, 34°12′E) (5.20).
Flow
Description 5.8
5.2 1 Cross currents, setting E or W, are not infrequent and are
1 The coast is bordered by reefs with many others lying observed in all parts of the Red Sea.
some distance offshore. See 4.5.
There are also a number of off-lying islands.
Caution
International boundary 5.9
5.3 1 Excessive refraction and mirages are frequent in this part
1 The majority of the coast described in this chapter, as far of the Red Sea causing land, lights and other features to be
S as the parallel of 23°09′N, is Egyptian territory; the visible from much greater distances than would normally be
remaining 60 miles S being part of the Sudan. expected.
Topography Depths
5.4 5.10
1 A range of mountains extends S, at various distances 1 Much of the charted depth information in the area
inland, along this stretch of the coast from Gezirêt Safâga covered by this chapter is from old surveys or passage
(26°45′N, 33°59′E) to Ras Hardarba (22°04′N, 36°54′E) soundings.
where the range approaches the coast. See individual chart source data diagrams for further
The terrain between the mountains and the sea is low and information.
sandy.
Protected areas
Weather 5.11
5.5 1 Vessels should only use the fixed moorings on, or
1 Along this part of the W shore of the Red Sea, N winds adjacent to, the coral reefs that lie between the latitudes of
are prevalent all the year round, but they are affected by land 26°37′N and 27°02′N.
and sea breezes. The prevailing winds are light and variable The coral reefs surrounding the coast between Râs Banâs
with frequent calms during August and September. (23°54′N, 35°47′E) and Marsa Halaib (110 miles SSE) have
Between August and October the weather is generally been declared protected areas. Except in an emergency,
fine; the rainy season extends from November to April. anchoring on protected reefs is prohibited.
See Appendix III for further information.
Radio reporting
5.6 Aids to navigation
1 Vessels in the Red Sea bound for Egyptian ports should 5.12
request permission to enter Egyptian waters, from the Port 1 DGPS corrections are transmitted from El Queir, see
Authorities, 48 hours prior to crossing the parallel of 23°N. 1.35.
Vessels should contact the Port Authorities when within See Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume 2 for further
24 miles of the Egyptian coast for entry instructions. details.
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COASTAL ROUTE
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are visible from several miles away; four low tanks stand 2 Dangerous underwater rocks lie off the reef fringing the
near the silos. NW side of the inlet.
A jetty extends SE from the N shore. The head of the cove is shallow and the shore is low and
2 Facilities. Fresh water may be obtainable from the sandy.
military base nearby. The main coastal road runs past the head of the inlet.
Anchorage. The cove affords completely sheltered About 1 mile inland, a chain of hills with an elevation of
anchorage to small vessels with local knowledge. 150 m, runs parallel to the coast in the vicinity of the cove.
5.46 A table-topped hill in this chain has a large white patch
1 Offshore dangers. An offshore bank (25°04′N, 34°56′E), about half-way down from its summit.
on which stands a coral reef, lies about 11 miles SSE of 5.54
Marsa arâfi. Depths over the bank generally range between 1 Anchorage. Good anchorage may be obtained within the
18 m to 46 m. However, there are some dangerous rocks. cove by small vessels in depths from about 10 to 12 m,
Anchorage, sheltered from NW winds, may be obtained mud.
on the S side of the bank in depths from 18 to 33 m. Local knowledge is required for use of the anchorage.
Local knowledge is required for use of the anchorage. A further anchorage for small vessels may be obtained
5.47 close inshore on the S side of Râs Honkorâb (24°34′N,
1 Landmark: 35°10′E), in depths of 18 m. This anchorage provides shelter
Gebel Abu Diyâb (25°12′N, 34°14′E), 1123 m in from NW winds but is of indifferent quality.
height, which stands about 31 miles W of Marsa 5.55
arâfi, is a prominent peak with many shoulders. 1 Landmark:
Gebel Sikeit (24°40′N, 34°46′E) is a rugged ridge
Marsa Tundaba about 19 miles W of Sharm Lûli.
5.48
1 Marsa Tundaba (24°58′N, 34°56′E), which lies about
2 miles S of Râs Samadâi (5.17), is entered S of a low point
of land with a reef extending about 5 cables SE from it. Râs Qul‘ân Cove
The inlet affords anchorage, close offshore, to small 5.56
vessels in depths of about 18 m. 1 Râs Qul‘ân Cove (24°17′N, 35°22′E) is entered from the
Local knowledge is required for use of the anchorage. SE through a passage, about 1 cables wide, which lies
5.49 between the reefs lying S of Mahâbîs Islands (5.68) and the
1 An offshore bank (24°59′N, 35°00′E), with depths over it coastal reef S of Râs Qul‘ân.
from 12⋅8 to 37 m lies about 4 miles ENE of Marsa The cove is suitable for use by small vessels.
Tundaba; a dangerous coral reef stands on the N end of the Local knowledge is required.
bank. 5.57
Between Râs Samadâi (25°00′N, 34°57′E) and Râs 1 Entry. Outer Beacon stands on the outside reef, on the E
Baghdâdi (22 miles SSE) numerous dangers lie within side of the entrance, about 2 miles S of Mahâbîs Islands.
8 miles of the coast. In 1993 this was reported only to consist of a base.
5.50 Within the entrance to the cove two detached reefs lie on
1 Anchorage may be obtained off the S side of the the N side of the channel reducing the width of the fairway
offshore bank. to about 140 m. These reefs are marked by Middle Beacon
Local knowledge is required for use of the anchorage. and Inner Beacon; the edge of the coastal reef is marked by
two further beacons (stakes, black triangle topmark). In 1993
Marsa Nakari these beacons were reported either missing or consisting only
5.51 of bases.
1 Marsa Nakari is a small boat harbour situated about 2 The buildings of a military camp on the W side of the
4 miles S of Râs Samadâi (25°00′N, 34°57′E) (5.17) at the cove are conspicuous.
mouth of Wâdi Nakari. 5.58
Some ruins are situated on low hillocks close to the coast 1 Leading beacons:
a short distance S of the wâdi. Southern pair beacons (pillars on masonry bases, black
Between Marsa Nakari and Râs Dirra (3 miles SSE), a and white bands, 8 m in height) (2 miles S of
low point, a narrow reef lies a short distance off the coast. Mahâbîs Islands); the alignment (245°) of these
5.52 leading beacons leads S of the reefs on the E side
1 Landmarks: of the entrance. In 1993, these beacons were
Gebel Nugrus (24°48′N, 34°36′E), 1520 m in height, reported to be cairns made of rocks.
which stands about 20 miles WSW of Marsa Nakari 2 Northern pair beacons (pillars on masonry bases; front
is a red granite mountain. beacon, red, rear beacon, red and white bands,
Gebel Zabâra (24°46′N, 34°41′E) 1120 m in height circular topmarks; 11 m in height) (1 miles NNW
stands about 5 miles ESE of Gebel Nugrus. of the southern pair of beacons); the alignment
(305°) of these leading beacons leads through the
Sharm Lûli entrance channel and S of the detached reefs. In
5.53 1992, these beacons were reported as missing.
1 Sharm Lûli (24°37′N, 35°07′E) is a cove entered 3 miles Caution is necessary when turning from one leading line
S of Râs Baghdâdi. to the next as the turning room is very limited.
The coast on both sides of its entrance is fringed by reefs 5.59
between which there is a passage which reduces to about 1 Anchorage. Good anchorage may be obtained in Râs
50 m wide at its narrowest point. A conspicuous boulder Qul‘ân Cove by small vessels, in depths from 9 to 10 m,
stands on the reef fringing the S side of the entrance, sand, abreast a jetty on the W side of the cove which
between the seaward edge of the reef and the shore. extends NE from the shore across the coastal reef.
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administrative boundary reaches the coast about 7 miles banks that lie S of Râs Banâs (23°54′N, 35°47′E), is shaped
WSW of Mirear Island (23°11′N, 35°45′E). like a boat and shows up well.
A smaller detached drying reef lies about 3 miles WNW
of El akhra el Beida’.
Topography
5.159
Bodkin Reef
1 Gebel Batûga (23°50′N, 35°21′E) which stands 24 miles
5.164
W of Râs Banâs (4.14) is remarkable on account of its light
1 Bodkin Reef (23°29′N, 35°32′E), a drying reef over
colour. The mountain has two principal peaks, the higher,
which the sea breaks, lies about 2 miles offshore from a
which lies to the NW, rises to a height of 650 m.
position N of the centre of Foul Bay (5.157).
Gebel Um Etli (23°40′N, 35°22′E), which stands 28 miles
Dangerous rocks lie in the vicinity of the reef.
WSW of Râs Banâs (4.14), has three principal peaks the
highest rising to a height of 844 m.
5.160 Mirear Island
1 The Mountains of Berenice are a granite range of 5.165
mountains, with numerous peaks, that stand in three main 1 Mirear Island (23°11′N, 35°45′E) is a low and sandy
masses between 6 and 10 miles inland from the central part island standing on the E part of a reef which extends about
of Foul Bay. A sandy plain extends E from their base to the 11 miles E from the coast.
coast.
2 Gebel el Farâyid (23°33′N, 35°22′E) is the collective
name for the N mass which appears like an open hand, the Sha’b Abu Fendera
E peaks resembling the fingers and the W peak the thumb. 5.166
Gebel el Farâyid, which rises to a height of 1341 m, is also 1 Sha’ab Abu Fendera (22°54′N, 36°16′E), a drying reef
the name given to this highest peak of the mass. A with an above-water rock, about 6 m high, standing on its E
steep-sided, flat-topped, mountain, which attains an elevation end, lies in the SE approach to Foul Bay (5.157).
of 1259 m, stands about 3 miles farther SW of the peak.
3 El Meibar (23°29′N, 35°21′E) is a sharp pinnacle which
Siyâl Islands
rises to an elevation of 1230 m. The mountain, which is the
5.167
highest of a group of peaks, is so narrow that it bears some
1 Siyâl Islands (22°47′N, 36°12′E) lie about 7 miles SSW
resemblance to a column.
of Sha’ab Abu Fendera and consist of three sandy islets
Several peaks extend 7 miles SW of El Meibar attaining
covered with bushes.
elevations between 500 and 900 m.
The area in the vicinity of these islands, and between
5.161
them and the mainland, is encumbered with reefs. The whole
1 Gebel Ma‘rafâi (23°23′N, 35°22′E) forms the central mass
area should not be approached without local knowledge.
of the Mountains of Berenice and rises to an elevation of
915 m.
Gebel Fareiyid (23°17′N, 35°23′E) is a small peaked Sharm el Madfa
range with its two principal peaks standing close together,
the highest rising to 673 m. The range forms the S mass of
the Mountains of Berenice. Description
2 Gimeida (22°46′N, 35°38′E) is a conical, dark, prominent 5.168
hill which rises to a height of 122 m. Care should be taken 1 Sharm el Madfa (22°58′N, 35°40′E) is a lagoon with
not to confuse Gimeida with another dark, but flat-topped depths from 2 to 4 m but is only accessible through a boat
hill, which rises to 120 m about 5 miles NW. channel.
Boats must first pass through a narrow gap in the coastal
reef situated about 1 miles NNW of a sandspit which forms
the N entrance point of the lagoon, before proceeding SSE
Off-lying islands and reefs between the coastal reef and the coast.
2 Landing may be effected on the point of the sandspit
which is steep-to with a depth of 1⋅0 m close off the beach.
Saint John’s Reef The entrance channel to the lagoon leads close S of the
5.162 sandspit. The channel is tortuous with least depths of only
1 Saint John’s Reef (23°25′N, 35°55′E) a detached reef, 0⋅3 m.
which lies about 38 miles SE of Port Berenice (5.140), close
to the centre of the entrance to Foul Bay (5.157). Many
drying and dangerous below-water rocks stand on this reef Approach
which extends about 12 miles E/W and 9 miles N/S. 5.169
Further detached reefs and dangerous rocks lie between 1 Many years ago an approach to the lagoon was made by
the reef and the shore. a surveying ship with Gimeida (22°46′N, 35°38′E) (5.161)
2 Two further detached banks, on which stand reefs and bearing 224°.
many drying and dangerous below-water rocks, lie about 14 This led about 9 cables S of a rock, situated about
and 24 miles S of Râs Banâs (23°54′N, 35°47′E) and NNW 17 miles NE of Gimeida, over which the sea occasionally
of Saint John’s Reef. broke.
The reefs charted SE of the track were not sighted
El
akhra el Beida’ although the light and weather conditions were good.
5.163 2 When Gimeida was 13 miles distant, course was altered
1 El akhra el Beida’ (White Rock) (23°42′N, 35°42′E), to 282° towards a large mangrove that was then situated
which stands on the W side of the N-most of the detached about 1 mile SSE of the N entrance point of the lagoon.
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This track passed about 7 cables S of the 14⋅3 m patch, the lagoon, bearing 190° distant about 1 miles, in a depth
and then between a spit, with a least depth over it of 11 m, of 40 m, coral and sand.
and a detached shoal, with a least depth over it of 14⋅6 m.
All of these shoals are visible under good conditions. Marsa Sha’ab
Anchorage Description
5.170 5.171
1 Immediately after passing between the spit and the 1 Marsa Sha’ab (22°50′N, 35°46′E) is an extensive inlet,
detached shoal, and with Gimeida bearing 204°, the survey which lies about 9 miles SSE of Sharm el Madfa (5.168),
ship steered 313° to an anchorage position NE of the the entrance of which is almost closed by the coastal reef.
lagoon. Many years ago a survey ship approached the inlet with
The ship then anchored with the large mangrove, that was Gimeida (22°46′N, 35°38′E) bearing 224°.
then situated about 1 mile SSE of the N entrance point of See 5.169.
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NOTES
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¯
Chapter 6 - Red Sea - west side. Ras Abu Fatma to Ras Qassar
Ras Hadarba
22° 22°
6.15
ah
dd
Je
Ras Abø Shagrºb
21° 21°
6.271
6
6
SUDAN
6.1
20° 20°
8
82
63
6.184
6.
3492
Mar
sa G 6.81
wiy Sanganeb Anchorage 82
ai
6.21
3492 Port Sudan
6.26
6.64
3492
Bashayer Oil Terminal Hindi
6.83 Gider 81
6.19
8
Sawºkin 81
6.118
19° 19°
6.2
07
Trinkitat 675
Harbour
6.315
675
¯
Khor
Narawat
18° -
Ras Qassar 18°
6.20
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CHAPTER 6
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chart 158 2 The outer edge of Towartit Reefs extends about 15 miles
Scope of the chapter SE to Al Farana (19°21′N, 37°30′E), a shoal over which the
6.1 sea seldom breaks, thence 3 miles farther S to Williamson
1 The area described in this chapter covers the Red Sea Shoals (6.143).
coast of Sudan from Ras Abu Fatma (22°26′N, 36°25′E) to Several breaks in the coastal reef in this vicinity afford
Ras Qassr (18°01′N, 38°35′E), 290 miles SSE. The chapter shelter to small vessels.
also includes descriptions of Port Sudan (19°37′N, 37°14′E) 6.5
(6.26) and Sawkin (19°07′N, 37°20′E) (6.118), and of 1 The Sawkin Group (6.347) of islets, reefs and shoals
Bashayer Oil Terminal (19°24′N, 37°20′E) (6.83). fronts the coast from Sawkin (19°07′N, 37°20′E) to close
NNE of Ras Qassr (18°01′N, 38°35′E).
Some of the reefs lie up to 45 miles offshore, but the
inner edge of the group, where there are many below-water
Description
rocks and deep channels, generally lies about 10 miles
6.2
offshore.
1 From Abu Dara (22°40′N, 36°11′E) to Ras Hadarba
6.6
(22°04′N, 36°54′E) the coast is mostly bordered by reefs,
1 The coast between Trinkitat Harbour (18°41′N, 37°45′E)
rocks and islets some lying up to 15 miles offshore. The
and Ras Asis (27 miles SE) is low and barren with salt water
Ruwabîl Islets (22°35′N, 36°21′E) stand on the coastal reef,
swamps, which, in places, are covered by bushes. There are
about 10 miles ESE of Abu Dara.
a few low sandhills on the coast about 12 miles SE of South
2 Between Ras Hadarba and Ras Ab Shagrb (21°03′N,
Point (18°41′N, 37°45′E) (6.315).
37°19′E) the coast is fronted with reefs, some of which
Between Gazirat Abid (18°09′N, 38°30′E) and Ras Qassr
extend over several miles. The outermost of these reefs,
(10 miles SE) the coast is low and fringed by a rocky bank,
which lie up to 12 miles offshore, have been reported to lie
which, at Ras Qass extends about 1 miles offshore.
farther S than charted. Breaks in the coastal reef give access
to the many inlets which are situated along this section of Anchorages
the coast. 6.7
3 The coast between Ras Ab Shagrb and Juzur Tlt 1 In most of the anchorages described in this chapter it is
(Taila Islets) (20°38′N, 37°14′E), is indented by Dungunb advisable to moor. In many places during strong winds, it
Bay (6.266), and is fronted by numerous islets and other may be prudent to lay out a stream anchor on, or near, the
dangers lying up to 16 miles offshore. A number of weather beach.
dangerous reefs and isolated rocks lie up to 7 miles SE of
Juzur Tlt (6.168). Weather
6.3 6.8
1 From Marsa Salak (20°26′N, 37°10′E) (6.281) to Marsa 1 Along the E coast of Sudan the prevailing winds are from
Figg (Fijb) (25 miles S) (6.291) the coastal reef extends up the N, but they are affected by land and sea breezes; these
to 1 mile offshore; a chain of offshore reefs extends about prevailing winds are mostly light and variable with frequent
19 miles S from a position 3 miles E of Marsa Salak. Several calms during August and September.
detached reefs are situated within 2 miles of each side of this Between August and October the weather is generally
chain. Sha‘ab Su‘di (20°10′N, 37°15′E) (6.183) forms the S fine; the rainy season extends from November to April.
part of this offshore chain.
2 An area encumbered with reefs and shoals extends for Flow
about 11 miles SSE from a position E of Marsa Figg 6.9
(Fijb); this area has not been surveyed but it appears to be 1 Cross currents, setting E or W, are not infrequent and are
full of dangers over which the sea breaks. Sha‘ab Rumi observed in all parts of the Red Sea. See 4.5.
(19°56′N, 37°24′E) (6.186) lies off the E side of this area. Caution
3 From a position E of Marsa Darr (19°50′N, 37°16′E) 6.10
(6.298) a chain of small broken reefs extends from the S end 1 Excessive refraction and mirages are frequent in this part
of the unsurveyed area of reefs. Al Tarafaniya al Kabira of the Red Sea causing land, lights and other features to be
(19°46′N, 37°22′E) (6.190) is the S part of this chain of visible from much greater distances than would normally be
broken reefs. Silayet (19°40′N, 37°19′E), a further chain of expected.
broken reefs, extends S of Al Tarafaniya al Kabira to a
position about 3 miles E of Port Sudan (6.26). Protected areas
6.4 6.11
1 Towartit Reefs (19°32′N, 37°20′E) (6.65) with their N 1 The coral reefs surrounding the coast between Marsa
end about 6 miles SE of the entrance to Port Sudan lie Halaib (22°14′N, 36°39′E) and Râs Banâs (110 miles NNW)
between 2 and 10 miles offshore, as far S as Sawkin have been declared protected areas. Except in an emergency,
(19°07′N, 37°20′E). The sea breaks over these reefs in a anchoring on protected reefs is prohibited.
moderate breeze. See Appendix III for further information.
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2 ENE of Sanganeb Reef (19°44′N, 37°27′E) (6.21) a reef lies about 1 mile E of the islet. Miyum is a
steep-to atoll with an opening on its W side; the further islet, fringed by a reef, which lies about
reef is about 3 miles in length and the sea generally 2 miles WSW of Qab Miyum, thence:
breaks over it. Sanganeb Reef Light (6.14) is ENE of Safna Shoal (18°25′N, 38°48′E), a dangerous
exhibited from the S extremity of the atoll; beacons shoal; a further shoal lies about 1 miles WSW,
mark its N and NW edges. Thence: thence:
3 ENE of Hindi Gidir (19°23′N, 37°55′E) (Hind Kadam) 3 ENE of Dahrat ‘Abid (18°22′N, 38°46′E), the S-most
the N-most islet of the Sawkin Group (6.347). The island of the Sawkin Group (6.347), the island is
islet is covered with bushes and bordered by a low, composed of sand and coral, and uninhabited.
steep-to reef which extends up to 1 cable offshore. A number of years ago it was reported that a reef
Hindi Gidir Light (red metal framework tower) is extended about 5 cables E from the E extremity of
exhibited from the middle of the islet; caution the island. A drying rock lies about 5 cables NNE,
should be exercised if approaching the islet in poor and an above-water wreck lies about 1 mile N of
visibility in the event the light should be exhibited the island, thence:
at low power. A beacon (white masonry pyramid) 4 ENE of Ras Qassr (18°01′N, 38°35′E), a low point,
stands on the reef. Peshwa (6.65), a coral reef, lies covered with sparse vegetation, which is not easily
about 5 miles E of Hindi Gidir, thence: identified from a distance; from a position some
4 ENE of Owen Reef (19°22′N, 38°03′E) which is only distance N of the point the coast is covered with
visible under good conditions. King Shoal, over bushes. The international boundary between Sudan
which the sea seldom breaks, lies about 5 miles and Eritrea reaches the coast in the vicinity of the
WSW of Owen Reef; this shoal is also only visible point.
under good conditions. A dangerous rock (position (Directions continue at 7.11)
doubtful) lies about 2 miles WSW of King Shoal.
Brisbane Reef, over which the sea breaks in a Anchorages
moderate swell, lies about 1 miles farther SSE of Chart 82 and plan of Sanganeb Anchorage
King Shoal and is usually visible. Thence: Sanganeb Reef
6.19 6.21
1 From Barr Ms Kebir to Ed Domesh Shesh, passing: 1 General information. Sanganeb Reef (19°44′N, 37°27′E)
ENE of Barr Ms Kebir (19°13′N, 38°11′E) which which is situated about 5 miles E of Al Tarafaniya al Kabira
lies on the NE edge of the Sawkin Group. The (6.190), is a steep-to atoll with an opening in its W side; the
islet is steep-to, composed of sand and coral, and on reef is about 3 miles long and the sea generally breaks over
which grow a few bushes. A dangerous rock lies it.
about 3 miles NW of the islet. Thence: 2 A beacon (framework tower, disc topmark, 7 m in height)
2 ENE of Barr Ms Saqir (19°03′N, 38°12′E) a stands on the N end of the reef; a further beacon (concrete
steep-to coral and sand islet. Tamarshira (6.351) lies base, red T-shaped topmark, 4 m in height) stands on the
about 9 miles SSE. Thence: NW corner of the reef. Sanganeb Reef Light (6.14) is
ENE of Dibsel (Hindi Seil) (18°54′N, 38°36′E) a low exhibited from the S extremity of the reef.
coral islet fringed by a reef; two dangerous rocks lie 3 An opening in the W side of the reef, which is about
about 2 miles and 6 miles, respectively, NW of the 360 m wide, is situated about 8 cables N of Sanganeb Reef
islet. A wreck lies on the NW side of the islet. Light and leads through to a lagoon. A beacon (concrete,
Thence: triangular topmark, apex up) stands close to the N end of the
3 ENE of Masamirit (18°50′N, 38°45′E) (4.15) from the reef situated on the S side of the entrance.
E side of which Masamirit Light is exhibited, 6.22
thence: 1 Directions. From a position about 2 miles WNW of
ENE of Karam Masamirit (18°48′N, 38°46′E) (4.15). Sanganeb Reef Light, course should be shaped E towards the
No attempt should be made to pass between entrance.
Masamirit and Karam Masamirit. Thence: 2 Leading beacons:
4 ENE of Ed Domesh Shesh (Dmesh Sheikh) (18°37′N, Front beacon (concrete, black disc topmark)
38°50′E) the E-most island of the Sawkin Group. (19°44′⋅1N, 37°26′⋅9E) standing on the E side of
The island is low, thinly covered with bush, and the reef.
fringed by a reef which extends about 5 cables W Rear beacon (similar construction) (220 m from front
from it. A number of years ago a shoal (position beacon).
doubtful) with a dangerous rock near its W edge, 3 The alignment (107°) of these beacons leads to the central
was reported to lie about 7 miles W of the islet, part of the entrance, with a least reported depth of 14 m,
thence: passing:
6.20 NNE of a beacon, which shows up clearly, marking
1 From Dahrat Ed Dak Hillat to Ras Qass passing: the N end of the reef lying on the S side of the
ENE of Dahrat Ed Dak Hillat (Dahrat Ed Dakhla) entrance; and:
(18°33′N, 38°48′E) which is bordered by a reef. A SSW of a coral patch (position approximate), with a
detached, and apparently steep-to, coral reef, on least depth of 3 m over it, situated about 2 cables N
which there is a dangerous rock, lies about 1 miles of the S entrance beacon.
ENE. The sea occasionally breaks over this
detached reef. A further detached reef, on which Anchorage
stands a dangerous rock, lies about 2 miles NNE. 6.23
Thence: 1 Anchorage may be obtained, as shown on the chart, in
2 ENE of Qab Miyum (Ghab Miyn) (18°30′N, the middle of the lagoon in depths from 27 to 46 m, white
38°50′E), an islet fringed by a reef; a dangerous clay and mud.
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Anchorage may also be obtained by small vessels in the The land in the vicinity of Port Sudan, and N towards
middle of the inner lagoon which is separated from the outer Marsa Darr (14 miles N) (6.298) is a plain, with a few
lagoon by a reef. This inner lagoon is entered from the outer elevations, and is mainly barren. Shrubs and other vegetation
lagoon through a channel, in which there is a least depth of are scanty; a few clumps of mimosa bushes grow on the
6⋅4 m and which is marked by small beacons. Local plain. The land rises gradually to the foothills of the
knowledge is required for the use of this inner anchorage. mountains which lie farther inland.
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2 Between July and September, haboobs, blowing from the Beacon (red triangular topmark, apex down); in its middle
SE through W, occur without warning, those from the W part by No 5 Beacon (red square topmark), and about 1 cable
carrying sand. Visibility can decrease to less than 45 m NNE of its S end by No 6 Beacon (red triangular topmark,
because of the dust and blowing sand and the temperature apex up). A chain of shoal heads and small reefs extends
may rise as high as 52°C. These squalls are usually of about about 4 cables N from close W of the N end of this reef.
30 minutes duration. 2 Towartit Reefs Anchorage North Light-beacon (6.109)
6.41 stands on a detached reef about 1 miles SSW of Towartit
1 Caution. At the season when haboobs can occur it is not North Beacon. Detached reefs and a small area of foul
advisable for vessels to be lying to their anchors within the ground lie about 3 cables N of this light-beacon.
harbour; they should be alongside or moored to buoys. Any No 2 Beacon (black ball topmark) stands on a small
vessel which has to be moored stern-on should have a good detached reef about 1 miles SSE of Towartit North Beacon;
scope of cable ahead on both anchors and be well secured a rock awash lies about 1 cables W of the beacon.
aft. 3 Towartit Reefs Anchorage East Light-beacon (metal
2 Climatic table. See 1.275 and 1.280. framework tower standing on a red concrete base with white
bands, 8 m in height) (19°29′⋅9N, 37°20′⋅2E) stands on a
small detached reef, situated on the E side of the anchorage,
Arrival information just under 2 miles SSE of Towartit North Beacon.
Port operations 6.48
1 No 7 Beacon (black triangular topmark, apex up) marks
6.42
an area of foul ground which lies about 2 miles SE of
1 All movements within the harbour are strictly controlled,
Towartit North Beacon; a number of years ago this beacon
and masters of vessels should obtain permission from Port
was reported as missing. No 3 Beacon (black ball topmark)
Control on VHF before commencing any movement. For
stands about 5 cables farther SSE on a narrow reef.
further information, see Admiralty List of Radio Signals,
2 Towartit Reefs Anchorage South Light-beacon (black
Volume 6 (3).
metal framework tower on a black concrete base with white
Cargo is not worked from ships at anchor in the harbour
stripes, 8 m in height) (19°28′⋅9N, 37°19′⋅7E) stands on a
during July and August; see 6.40.
detached coral reef about 2 miles S of Towartit North
Port radio Beacon. No 8 Beacon (black triangular topmark, apex down)
marks the S end of this reef; a rock awash lies 6 cables NE
6.43
of the beacon. The area E of this reef is encumbered with
1 Vessels approaching Port Sudan, before they are within
shoal patches and has not been examined.
2 miles of the port, should maintain a listening watch on
3 A conspicuous hut on pillars stands on the reef between
VHF to enable them to receive any instructions from Port
the light-beacon and the beacon. A wreck, with a mast
Control and to request the services of a pilot.
visible, lies on the SW side of the anchorage, about 7 cables
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
N of the light-beacon.
Signals, Volume 6 (3).
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2 NNE of Protector Reef (19°15′N, 38°02′E), which NE of red obstruction lights exhibited from a tall
together with a dangerous rock situated about chimney standing at an oil refinery about 2 miles
7 cables NW of its N end, are the NE-most dangers SSW of the Port Sudan Light. A flare at this
of a group of reefs. In 1983 a conspicuous stranded installation was reported visible at a distance of
wreck was reported to be lying on the W edge of 30 miles. Thence:
Protector Reef. Sha‘ab Qub, a coral reef, lies 4 NE of Port Sudan Light (stone tower, white band,
3 miles WNW of Protector Reef. 22 m in height) (19°35′⋅3N, 37°14′⋅9E) exhibited
3 Penzance Reef, another coral reef lies 3 miles S of from a position close to the edge of the coastal reef
Sha‘ab Qub. Burkt Islet, which lies 4 miles SSW and about 1 miles SE of the harbour entrance,
of Protector Reef, is low, composed of sand and thence:
coral, with a fringing coral reef extending about NE of Damma Damma Light (19°35′⋅8N, 37°14′⋅6E)
4 cables from its shores. Preserver Reef lies about (red and white chequered metal framework tower,
2 miles SW of Protector Reef. Sha‘ab Burkt, a concrete base), exhibited from a position close to
dangerous rock, lies between them. Thence: the edge of the coastal reef, about 5 cables SE of
6.65 the harbour entrance, thence:
1 From Owen Reef to the pilot boarding position, passing: SW of the light (metal column, 9 m in height)
ENE of Owen Reef (19°22′N, 38°03′E) (6.18), thence: (19°36′⋅3N, 37°14′⋅3E) exhibited from the E end of
NNE of Peshwa (19°22′N, 38°00′E), a coral reef over the breakwater on the N side of the entrance
which the sea generally breaks. A dangerous rock channel, thence:
(position doubtful) is reported to lie between 6.67
Peshwa and Hindi Gidir. Thence: 1 NE of the pilot lookout and traffic signal station (white
NNE of Hindi Gidir (19°23′N, 37°55′E) (6.18), thence: wooden framework tower; about 14 m in height)
2 N of Sha‘ab Jibna (19°27′N, 37°44′E), a steep-to coral (19°36′⋅2N, 37°14′⋅0E) which stands at the NE end
reef over which the sea breaks, which forms the of a causeway extending about 200 m from the SW
N-most danger of the Sawkin Group (6.347). The shore of the entrance to the port. A light (brown
reef is awash and in calm weather a few coral heads and white striped tower) is exhibited from the outer
show above water. Sha‘ab Jibna Light is exhibited end of the causeway. Thence:
from the SW side of the reef, thence: 2 SW of the light (green concrete column, white bands,
3 N of the N end of Towartit Reefs (19°32′N, 37°20′E). 7 m in height) (19°36′⋅3N, 37°14′⋅1E) which is
The N part of Towartit Reefs is marked by Towartit exhibited from the S end of Main Quay, thence:
North Beacon (white pyramidal masonry base, red NE of the light (metal framework tower) (19°36′⋅3N,
staff, red can topmark, 9 m in height). No 4 Beacon 37°13′⋅8E) which is exhibited from the E end of
marks the E side of North Towartit Reefs. A Berth 15; a further light is exhibited from a concrete
conspicuous stranded wreck lies on the reef, about structure at the E end of Berth 17, thence:
1 miles ESE of No 4 Beacon. The wreck has the Into Port Sudan Harbour.
appearance of a ship at anchor with its bows 6.68
pointing NW towards Port Sudan; it gives a good 1 Caution. Care should be taken not to confuse the
radar return. Two other wrecks, which also give entrance leading lights with the leading lights (6.69) used for
good radar returns, stand on the reef about 3 and anchoring within the harbour.
9 cables ESE of Towartit North Beacon, thence: 2 Useful marks:
4 N of the wreck lying on the coastal reef about Tank farm stands within South Town close SW of the
3 miles SSE of Port Sudan Light. It was reported harbour entrance.
that the wreck has the appearance of a vessel at Two water towers stand close together in East Town,
anchor and provides a good radar return. Thence: about 1 cables E of No 6 Berth; a light is
S of Silayet South End Light (19°37′⋅0N, 37°17′⋅2E) occasionally exhibited.
(6.63), thence:
To the pilot boarding position off Port Sudan.
(Directions for Bashayer Terminal continue at 6.109)
Berths
Anchorage
Entry 6.69
6.66 1 Anchorage may be obtained inside the harbour, as shown
1 From the vicinity of the pilot boarding position, as shown on the chart, about 5 cables within the entrance in a depth of
on the chart, the track leads initially W. 25 m, soft coral and mud.
Port Sudan Leading Lights: Leading lights:
Front light (red metal framework tower, neon U-shaped Front light (occasional) (19°36′⋅7N, 37°13′⋅6E).
mark, 34 m in height) (19°36′⋅7N, 37°13′⋅4E). Rear light (occasional) (198 m from front).
2 Rear light (red metal framework tower, white band, The alignment (314°) of these lights leads to the
neon U-shaped mark, 48 m in height) (927 m from anchorage berth.
front light). Three radio masts stand in the centre of Lights exhibited from the Port Offices near Main Quay in
West Town about 3 cables E of the rear leading East Town are also used to assist in anchoring.
light. Mooring buoys are laid in the N end of the harbour.
3 The alignment (305°) of these leading lights leads to the 6.70
central part of the entrance, passing: 1 Caution. From June to September, vessels not securely
NE of a wreck lying on the edge of the coastal reef berthed alongside should always keep their main engines at
about 1 miles SSE of Port Sudan Light, thence: short notice of readiness. See 6.40.
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167
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CHAPTER 6
apex down) marks the S end of this reef. The area SAW KIN
E of this reef is encumbered with shoal patches and
has not been examined. A conspicuous hut on General information
pillars stands on the reef between the light-beacon
and the beacon. A wreck with a mast visible lies on Charts 81, 82
the SW side of the anchorage about 7 cables N of Position
the light-beacon on the reef. Thence: 6.118
2 W of Towartit Reefs No 4 Light-beacon (red 1 Sawkin (19°07′N, 37°20′E) is situated on the W side of
framework tower on red concrete base) (3 miles S) the central part of the of the Red Sea, about 30 miles S of
(position approximate) which marks the N end of a Port Sudan and 17 miles S of Bashayer Oil Terminal.
detached reef on the W side of Towartit Reefs,
passing a shoal with a depth of 50 m over it, Description
situated on the E side of the fairway about 5 cables 6.119
WNW of the Light-beacon, thence: 1 Sawkin, known locally as Old Sawkin, is situated on an
3 E of Sawkin Channel No 1 Light-beacon (red island, and, except for the customs building and the guest
framework tower on white concrete base, black house which both stand at the NE end of the island, it is in
band) (5 miles SSW) which marks a small islet ruins. The ruins are protected as a historic monument.
standing in an area of mangroves on the coastal A causeway at the SW end of the island connects
reef, thence: Sawkin to El Kaff, the main town of the region.
4 W of Sha’b Towartit No 5 Light-beacon (red 2 A number of years ago the old harbour was still usable
framework tower on red concrete base, white bands) by vessels of more than 100 m length, and over 6 m in
(19°24′⋅6N, 37°20′⋅4E) which marks the W side of draught. Due to coral growth it has had to be abandoned.
Towartit Reefs. Thence: The new Osman Digna Port is situated on the S side of
To the terminal buoy. the outer part of the port, E of Condenser Island (19°07′⋅0N,
37°20′⋅3E).
Useful marks Function
6.111 6.120
1 Sha‘b Towartit No 5 Light-beacon (Towartit Reefs 1 The main cargo handled in Osman Digna Port consists of
No 5 Light-beacon) (red framework tower on red container traffic and Ro-Ro vessels.
concrete base, white bands) (19°24′⋅6N, 37′20′⋅4E)
exhibited from the W side of Towartit Reefs (6.65). Topography
Bashayer Oil Terminal Harbour Entrance Light 6.121
(19°24′⋅5N, 37°18′⋅4E). 1 The shores of the harbour are fringed by reefs, which dry
between May and August but are covered during December.
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Deepest and longest berths which lies on the E side of the entrance to this W-most of
6.127 the two anchorages. In 1982 the least depth obtained by
1 The main berths, which are numbered from 1 to 4, have a sounding over this bank was 14⋅8 m.
least depth alongside of 8⋅6 m. They have a combined total 6.133
length of just over 400 m. 1 The anchorage situated 2 miles NE of Sha‘ab Ata
(19°17′N, 37°23′E) is the more extensive of the two. This
Local weather anchorage is entered from the S between the detached reef,
6.128 which lies on the E side of the entrance to the W-most
1 The prevailing winds in the area are either land and sea anchorage, about 1 miles E of Sha‘ab Ata and the shoal
breezes, inclining to blow off the land at night and from water extending SW from Williamson Shoals (19°18′N,
seaward in the forenoon, or winds which blow 37°28′E) (6.143).
approximately parallel to the coast. 2 The channel leading to this anchorage is about 1 miles
During the day in winter, the wind almost always blows wide between the 20 m depth contours, with its centreline
between N and NE, with some strength. The wind decreases situated about 8 cables E of the detached reef.
considerably at night but never falls to a calm. Depths within this anchorage are from about 68 to 84 m,
2 From November to January, sharp squalls from the on a relatively flat, bottom mud.
mountains occasionally occur, accompanied by rain. 6.134
In spring and summer the sea breeze generally sets in at 1 Caution. Reefs in the channels leading to these
about 0900 and continues throughout the day to suddenly anchorages are not marked.
subside at about 1700. Outside the harbour the breeze The sea over Sha‘ab Ata, and the detached reef which lies
continues to blow until sometime later. between the entrances to these anchorages, only breaks
6.129 occasionally.
1 In summer sand storms are experienced. Strong squalls, For precautions to be taken when navigating within coral
blowing off the land, fill the air with sand for some 50 miles waters, see The Mariner’s Handbook.
offshore reducing the visibility at times to about 5 cables.
In June, July, August and September the temperature is Pilotage
very high. During sandstorms the temperature may rise as 6.135
high 46°C on board ship, and to several degrees higher in 1 Pilotage is available 24 hours.
the town. Care should be taken to avoid heatstroke. The pilot boards, as shown on the chart, about 2 miles E
2 Between the beginning of November and March the of the entrance channel.
climate is equable and pleasant, never very hot during the For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
day and always cool at night. Signals, Volume 6 (3).
During the winter months, when the high mountain
ranges are generally hidden by clouds, the N wind blows Tugs
along the plain between the mountains and the coast; it 6.136
carries a cloud of reddish dust which dims, when it does not 1 Two tugs of 2000 hp available.
entirely obscure, the lower and nearer summits.
Tidal levels
6.137
Arrival information 1 The mean winter tidal level is 0⋅3 m higher than the mean
summer level.
Port radio
6.130
1 There is a port services and operations radio station at Harbour
Sawkin.
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio General layout
Signals, Volume 6 (3). 6.138
1 Sawkin Harbour is a narrow inlet in the low coastal
Outer anchorages plain which extends SW to Condenser Island (19°07′N,
6.131 37°20′E) from where it divides into two arms which then
1 The recommended outer anchorage is in a designated extend NW and SW.
area, as shown on the chart, which lies about 11 miles E of The NW arm of the harbour, N of Condenser Island, is
the entrance to Sawkin. much obstructed in its inner part by shoals.
Two further deep-water anchorages, as shown on the 2 The island of Old Sawkin lies in the central part of the
chart, are situated about 1 mile NNE, and 2 miles NE, of SW arm.
Sha‘ab Ata (6.132). The old port was abandoned many years ago due to the
6.132 growth of coral, but a new port, the Osman Digna Port was
1 The anchorage situated 1 mile NNE of Sha‘ab Ata constructed on the S side of the inlet, E of Condenser Island.
(19°17′N, 37°23′E) is entered from the S between a detached
reef head, which lies close E of Sha‘ab Ata, and another Submarine pipeline
detached reef which lies 1 mile farther E; passing through a 6.139
channel which, between the 20 m depth contours, is about 1 A submarine water pipeline is laid across the harbour
6 cables wide. about 5 cables WSW of Graham Point (19°07′⋅5N,
2 Depths within this anchorage are about 75 m on a flat 37°21′⋅3E).
bottom. The positions where the pipeline comes ashore on the N
A bank, over which the depths are irregular and has not and S shores of the entrance channel are marked by beacons
been closely sounded, extends N from the detached reef, (triangular topmarks, apex up).
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CHAPTER 6
INNER CHANNEL
GENERAL INFORMATION Description
6.157
Charts 158, 3722 1 The Inner Channel, a generally smooth route for use by
Route small vessels, lies between the coastal reef and the outlying
6.156 reefs.
1 The Inner Channel, from its N entrance 6 miles SSW of For the most part, the channel is between 1 to 3 miles
Ras Ab Shagrb (21°03′N, 37°19′E), extends about wide except near Ras Ab Shagrb (6.16), Juzur Têlt
160 miles S to its termination about 9 miles E of Trinkitat (6.168), and Marsa Salak (6.281) where it narrows to about
Harbour (18°41′N, 37°45′E). 5 cables.
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The two principal alternative entrances to the Inner No 4 Beacon (20°57′⋅4N, 37°17′⋅6E) and No 5 Beacon
Channel are off Port Sudan (6.26) and Sawkin (6.118). (8 cables NNW) as far as Mesharifa (20°54′⋅3N, 37°13′⋅6E).
2 Between Mesharifa and Gad Mesharifa (6 cables SSE)
numerous coral heads lie in the channel; a coral head, with a
Depths
least depth over it of 4⋅0 m, lies within this section about
6.158
4 cables SE of Mesharifa.
1 Depths within the Inner Channel are mainly deep.
South of Mesharifa the channel has been swept to a depth
Between Ras Ab Shagrb (21°03′N, 37°19′E) and Marsa
of 4⋅6 m.
Salak (37 miles S), the most intricate part of the channel, and
also between Marsa Figg (Fijb) (20°02′N, 37°12′E) and Current
Marsa Darr (12 miles SSE), depths are moderate, for the 6.164
most part. 1 Strong W-going currents have been experienced in the
vicinity of Mesharifa.
Local knowledge
6.159
Principal marks
1 Local knowledge is required for the use, and passage 6.165
through the Inner Channel. 1 Landmarks:
2 Jebel Erba (20°45′N, 36°50′E) 2212 m in height,
stands about 12 miles from the N extremity of a
mountain range which extends about 34 miles S
Approach and entry from north from its N end which rises about 25 miles WSW of
Ras Ab Shagrb (21°03′N, 37°19′E). On the N
Outer approaches part of this range are two small rugged peaks. The
6.160 N one is visible over a greater part of this section
1 Description. Sha‘b al Hara, a group of detached reefs of the coast. There is a small peak with a flat
marked by No 8 Beacon (cylindrical concrete base, metal summit close N of Jebel Erba.
post, red drum topmark, 5 m in height) (21°02′N, 37°20′E), 3 Jabal Tuhdat (20°39′N, 37°06′E) 276 m in height, is
lies 2 miles SSE of Ras Ab Shagrb (21°03′N, 37°19′E) a hill which forms a good landmark N of
(6.16). Muammad Qol (6.271). The hill lies at the S end
The edge of the coastal reef, 2 miles S of Ras Ab of a range of hills which extend, parallel to the
Shagrb, is marked by No 7 Beacon (metal shaft on a coast, to a short distance N of Muammad Qol.
concrete base, black diamond topmark, 5 m in height). Between this range of hills and the coast lies a
2 A detached reef, about 4 miles S of Ras Ab Shagrb, is sandy plain, with some scrub in places, rising
marked by the ruins of a beacon (21°00′⋅0N, 37°19′⋅7E), gradually to an elevation of about 30 m at the foot
formerly numbered 6. of these hills.
A number of years ago, SE of a line joining the ruins of
the former No 6 Beacon and No 4 Beacon (6.166), no reefs
Directions
6.166
were visible and the area appeared to be clear.
1 From a position about 5 miles SE of Ras Ab Shagrb
(21°03′N, 37°19′E) (6.16), on the recommended track as
Entry shown on the chart, with the fort at Muhammad Qol (6.271)
6.161 bearing 243°, the track leads initially WSW, passing:
1 From the N, the entry to the Inner Channel lies between SE of the detached reef (21°00′⋅0N, 37°19′⋅7E) on
Keedan (20°58′N, 37°17′E), a small detached reef situated which stands the ruins of No 6 Beacon, thence:
2 miles SE of Ras al Keedan, and the N end of Sha‘b SE of No 5 Beacon (metal shaft on a concrete base,
Mobayeed (8 cables SSE). black diamond topmark, 5 m in height) (20°58′⋅2N,
Ras al Keedan is a low sandy point which forms the S 37°17′⋅3E) which stands on Keedan Reef, and:
extremity of the peninsula of which Ras Ab Shagrb (6.16) 2 NW of No 4 Beacon (metal shaft on a concrete base,
forms the E-most point. topmark red drum, 5 m in height) (20°57′⋅4N,
37°17′⋅6E) which stands on the N extremity of
Sha‘ab Mobayeed, about 8 cables S of Keedan Reef.
Aids to navigation
If following the recommended track then, when the
6.162
beacons are abeam, alter course as required to the
1 The N entrance to the Inner Channel is marked by
SW. Thence:
beacons numbered from 5 to 1.
3 WNW of No 3 Beacon (metal shaft on a concrete base,
No 1 Beacon (20°53′⋅9N, 37°16′⋅2E) stands about 5 cables
red T-shaped topmark, 5 m in height) (20°56′⋅8N,
S of No 2 Beacon and marks the NE extremity of the reef
37°17′⋅3E) which stands on the W edge of Sha‘b
extending N from Jazrat Magarsam (6.167). A detached
Mobayeed. Teetai Aweeb, a rock 2⋅4 m in height,
coral head lies about 3 cables ENE of No 1 Beacon and is
stands on the coastal reef about 1 mile W of the
marked at its N end by an iron rail.
beacon; a detached coral head lies midway between
No 3 and No 4 Beacons. When No 3 Beacon is past
Depths the beam, bearing about 081°, distant 6 cables,
6.163 alter course as required to the S, noting the shoal,
1 A shoal, with a least depth over it of 8⋅5 m, lies in the with a least depth over it of 8⋅5 m, which lies about
entry channel about 4 cables NW of No 3 Beacon 4 cables NW of the beacon.
(20°56′⋅8N, 37°17′⋅3E). 6.167
Apart from this shoal, this part of Inner Channel has been 1 From E of Karai Berer to W of Jazrat Magarsam,
swept to a depth of 9⋅1 m from its N entrance between passing:
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E of Karai Berer (20°55′N, 37°16′E) part of the coastal (20°39′⋅0N, 37°13′⋅6E) which stands on the E side
reef extending S from Ras al Keedan (6.161), of the channel.
thence: (Description continues of the Inner Channel at 6.175)
2 Between the S extremity of Karai Berer marked at its
S extremity by No 2 Beacon (metal shaft on a Alternative northern approach and entry
concrete base, black diamond topmark, 5 m in 6.169
height) (20°54′⋅4N, 37°16′⋅2E), and N of the reef 1 An alternative approach to the N end of the Inner
extending N from Jazrat Magarsam (Mukawwar) Channel may be made from the SE, passing E of the Mytb
(20°48′N, 37°16′E) marked on the W side of its N Islets (20°48′N, 37°20′E), two islets situated on the E side of
extremity by No 1 Beacon (metal shaft on a concrete an extensive reef; and W of two coral heads, marked by
base, red T-shaped topmark, 5 m in height) which rails, situated 2 miles ENE and 2 miles N respectively, of
stands on the opposite side of the fairway about the NE extremity of Jazrat Magarsam (Mukawwar)
5 cables S of No 2 Beacon. Thence: (20°48′N, 37°16′E) (6.167).
3 Midway between Mesharifa (20°54′⋅3N, 37°13′⋅6E), a 2 The S islet of the Mytb Islets is the larger and rises to a
small islet about 2 m in height, which lies at the height of 37 m. The islet is covered by small trees and
SW extremity of the coastal reef which extends S shrubs except on its SE side which is barren and precipitous.
from Ras al Keedan, and Gad Mesharifa (20°53′⋅7N, The NW islet is smaller and only rises to a height of 2 m.
37°13′⋅9E) another small islet, about 1 m in height The track then continues W, passing midway between
and situated about 6 cables SSE of Mesharifa, No 1 Beacon (20°53′⋅9N, 37°16′⋅2E) and No 2 Beacon
standing on the NW extremity of the reef extending (5 cables N).
N from Jazrat Magarsam. A beacon (metal post on 6.170
a concrete base, black cone topmark, 4 m in height) 1 Offshore dangers. Jazrat Byer (20°52′N, 37°23′E) is a
stands 1 cable SE of Mesharifa. A beacon (metal sandy islet situated near the SE end of a reef, extending
post on a concrete base, red drum topmark, 4 m in about 3 miles NW. The islet lies on the NE side of the
height) stands 1 cable W of Gad Mesharifa. alternative northern approach to the Inner Channel. A further
Between Mesharifa and Gad Mesharifa there are reef lies parallel to, and close NE of, the reef on which
numerous coral heads in the channel, with a least stands Jazrat Byer and from which it is separated by a
depth over them of 4⋅0 m situated in the fairway narrow channel about 1 cables wide.
about 4 cables SE of Mesharifa. Thence: The SE entrance to the narrow channel between these two
Clear of a shoal patch (20°53′⋅1N, 37°12′⋅6E) with a reefs is marked by a pair of beacons:
least depth over it of 5⋅5 m, and W of the shoal 2 NE beacon (concrete base, post, black cone topmark,
patch (1 mile SE), with a least depth over it of 4 m in height).
9⋅6 m. Thence: SW beacon (concrete base, post, red cylinder topmark,
E of the shoal patch (20°51′⋅1N, 37°11′⋅4E) with a 4 m in height).
least depth over it of 5⋅9 m, thence: Iron rails stand on both sides of the entrance channel,
4 W of Jazrat Magarsam (Mukawwar) (20°48′N, close NW of these beacons, marking the inner end of the
37°16′E) a tableland of rocky sandstone which rises entrance.
to a conspicuous summit with steep cliffs apparently A detached coral head, situated about 8 cables S of Jazrat
worn away by heavy rain. The island has a sterile Byer, is marked by an iron rail.
appearance, and, apart from some mangroves at the 3 Anchorage, may be obtained, in depths from 5⋅8 to
S end, there are only rocks and barren sands; a very 9⋅1 m, in the narrow channel which lies between the two
low spit forms its S extremity. The island is reefs, about 1 miles NW of Jazrat Byer (20°52′N,
bordered by a coral reef, the N part of which is 37°23′E).
apparently extensive but unexamined. 6.171
6.168 1 Caution. This alternative approach route should only be
1 From Brandon Rock to the Juzur Tlt islets, passing: used under favourable conditions of light.
E of Brandon Rock (20°45′⋅4N, 37°12′⋅3E) a shoal
area which consists of two detached shoal patches, Channel south of Jaz rat Magarsam
with least depths over them of 3⋅7 m and 5⋅5 m, 6.172
over which the sea sometimes breaks. Thence: 1 The S and principal approach to Rawya Anchorage
2 W of a beacon (concrete base, red can topmark, 4 m in (6.270) and Muammad Qol (6.271) lies S of Jazrat
height) (20°43′⋅9N, 37°14′⋅9E) which stands at the Magarsam (20°48′N, 37°16′E) (6.167).
S end of a rocky spit which extends about 1 mile Flow. Strong W-going currents have been experienced in
SSW of the S end of Jazrat Magarsam (6.167). A the vicinity of Abington Reef (20°54′N, 37°27′E) (6.16).
sandy patch, which sometimes dries, lies 1 cables Caution. This route should be taken by vessels of
N of the beacon. Thence: moderate draught only as the depths are irregular.
3 W of Powell Rock (20°42′⋅3N, 37°14′⋅2E), noting the The line of bearing (245°) of Jabal Tuhdat (6.165) leads
isolated rock, with a least depth over it of 2⋅7 m, between the dangers which lie on each side of the channel.
which lies about 2 miles SW of Powell Rock. 6.173
Thence: 1 Directions. From a position about 3 miles SSE of
4 Into the narrow channel which lies between Juzur Angarosh (20°51′⋅8N, 37°26′⋅2E) (6.16), a sandy islet, the
Tlt, a group of three islets surrounded by reefs track leads WSW, passing (with positions given from Jazrat
over which the sea sometimes breaks, and the Mytb (20°47′⋅2N, 37°20′⋅3E)):
mainland; bushes grow on the islets and on the SSE of the detached reef (5 miles NE) which lies
mainland coast to the W. The narrow channel is about 2 miles ESE of Jazrat Byer (20°52′N,
marked on the E side of its N entrance by a beacon 37°23′E) (6.170), thence:
(concrete, red can topmark, 5 m in height) SSE of Jazrat Mytb, thence:
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CHAPTER 6
2 SSE of a beacon (concrete base, black cone topmark, area, and, as such, navigation throughout this general area
4 m in height) (2 miles SW) which stands on a requires good conditions of light.
drying rocky patch. Thence: In this area the Inner Channel narrows to about 2 cables,
NNW of Merlin Rock (4 miles SSW), a dangerous with depths from 26 to 44 m.
below-water rock, thence: 6.177
NNW of the dangerous rock (4 miles SSW) which 1 South of Marsa Salak (6.281) the Inner Channel lies
lies about 2 cables N of Falcon Reefs. Numerous between the coastal reef and outlying dangers; about 3 miles
shoals lie in this vicinity. Foul ground lies between S of the inlet the channel widens.
Falcon Reefs and Juzur Tlt (20°38′N, 37°14′E) This part of the Inner Channel is generally deep and is
(6.168). Thence: useful to small coasting craft as it affords smooth water. The
3 SSE of a beacon (concrete base, red can topmark, 4 m eye is the only guide to safe navigation.
in height) (6 miles WSW) which stands at the S end 2 In cloudy weather it becomes difficult to discern
of a rocky spit that extends about 1 mile SSW of below-water rocks and shoal patches. It is then advisable to
the S end of Jazrat Magarsam (6.167). A sandy anchor in Marsa Salak, or in some other anchorage near the
patch situated about 1 mile SW of the S extremity reefs until the weather clears.
of Jazrat Magarsam usually shows up well with the Three dangerous shoals lie close together, about 5 miles
sun behind the observer. Thence: SSE of Marsa Salak and about 1 miles offshore. These
N of Powell Rock (7 miles SW) (6.168) and into the shoals show up well under good conditions of light, one or
N part of the Inner Channel. two coral heads are usually visible. They can be passed on
either hand.
6.178
Anchorages 1 Rhama Sha‘b is a shoal situated on the W side of the
6.174 Inner Channel, about 6 miles SSE of Marsa Salak (6.281); a
1 Anchorage may also be obtained by small vessels in a beacon (concrete, black cone topmark, apex up, 5 m in
depth of 22 m, mud, with the S extremity of Jazrat height) marks the shoal.
Magarsam (20°48′N, 37°16′E) (6.167) bearing about 302 ° 2 Another shoal, situated on the E side of the fairway,
distant 1 mile, as shown on the chart. about 5 miles SSE from Rhama Sha‘b is marked by a
Anchorage is obtainable off the W side of Jazrat beacon (concrete, red cone topmark, 5 m in height).
Magarsam in suitable depths. (Description continues of the Inner Channel at 6.184)
Inner Channel
Principal marks
6.179
Juzur T l t to Marsa Figg 1 Landmarks:
Jebel Melangweib (20°28′N, 36°50′E) stands about
20 miles W of Marsa Salak (6.281) and has some
Charts 82, 158 resemblance to a chimney.
Description 2 Jebel Oda (20°21′N, 36°40′E) is a round, elongated
6.175 peak. Seen from Marsa Salak on a bearing of 286°
1 The Inner Channel, between Juzur Tlt (Taila Islets) its summit is just visible above the N edge of a dip
(20°38′N, 37°14′E) (6.168) and the mainland to the W, has in Jebel Saghûm (20°24′N, 37°05′E). From the ESE
depths from 9⋅1 to 12⋅8 m and is marked by three beacons. Jebel Oda has the appearance of a sugarloaf with a
The channel in this section affords a sheltered passage for sharp peak, whilst from the SSE, off Port Sudan, it
small vessels. appears to have a rugged peak.
Local knowledge is required for passage through this 3 Jebel Gumaderiba (20°04′N, 36°43′E) is a sharp rocky
narrow section of the Inner Channel. The waters in this peak, the appearance of which does not alter much
vicinity are unsurveyed. from seaward; there is a shoulder on its S side.
2 A beacon (concrete, red can topmark, 5m in height) 6.180
stands on the E side of the channel, about 1 miles NW of 1 Jebel Bawati (19°55′N, 36°48′E) is a peak on a range
the E-most islet of Juzur Tlt; another beacon (concrete, red of mountains, with six summits, extending some
can topmark, 5m in height) stands about 1 miles W of the 16 miles SSE from Jebel Gumaderiba. This range
islet. decreases in elevation from S of Jebel Bawati until
A further beacon (concrete, black diamond topmark, 5m W of Port Sudan.
in height) stands on the W side of this part of the Inner 2 Jibl Astrib (19°35′N, 36°55′E) stands W of Port
Channel, about 1 miles WSW of the E-most islet of Juzur Sudan, at the S end of the mountain range with six
Tlt. summits which extends SSE from Jebel
6.176 Gumaderiba. This mountain does not have a very
1 The W side of the Inner Channel, 4 miles S of the Juzur well defined summit but it is a good mark when not
Tlt, is marked by a beacon (red cone topmark, 5 m in obscured by clouds.
height). 3 Jebel Tagwiai (19°55′N, 37°03′E) (not charted by
Vessels using this section of the Inner Channel should name) which stands in the lower range nearer the
pass E of the the boiler of a wrecked tug, which, in 1985, coast, has two summits and rises to 369 m. Jibl
marked the SE extremity of the coastal reef 3 miles NE of Da‘nab al Abyad (19°54′N, 36°59′E) stands about
the entrance to Marsa Salak (6.281). 4 miles WSW of Jebel Tagwiai, and Jibl Hrnb
2 Dangerous rocks lie off the extremity of the coastal reef (19°50′N, 36°56′E) a farther 5 miles SSW. Both are
in this vicinity. There are further scattered coral heads in this good marks.
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6.192 6.199
1 The coastal reef between Marsa Halt (19°47′N, 37°16′E) 1 Bashayer Oil Terminal (19°24′N, 37°20′E) (6.83) is
(6.301) and Marsa Gwiyai (8 miles S) (6.81) extends up to situated within this reach of the Inner Channel.
5 cables offshore. (A description of the Inner Channel continues at 6.204)
From about 2 miles N of the entrance to Marsa Gwiyai
dangerous rocks and shoals lie up to 3 cables E of the Principal marks
edge of the coastal reef. 6.200
(Description continues of the Inner Channel at 6.198) 1 During winter the mountains are frequently obscured for
(Directions for this channel are given at 6.109) long periods by haze or rain clouds, but several summits
amongst the hills nearer the coast are generally clear and
Flow make good landmarks.
6.193 Landmarks:
1 Strong W-going currents have been experienced in the 2 Jibl Adr Aweb (19°21′N, 37°09′E) is a range of
vicinity of Silayet. irregular mountains standing about 10 miles inland,
midway between Port Sudan and Sawkin. The
Cautionary area central peak of the range, which rises to a height of
6.194 500 m, is pointed and forms a good landmark.
1 Vessels are advised not to enter the cautionary area of 3 Jibl Waratb (19°09′N, 37°08′E) is the highest and
Wingate Reefs as shown on the charts. most prominent conical mountain in this vicinity. Its
summit forms two small knobs about 640 m in
Caution height; from a distance it resembles a truncated
6.195 cone, except from NE and ENE when it appears to
1 It should be noted that W of Silayet South End Light be almost sharp.
(19°37′⋅0N, 37°17′⋅2E), within the 100 m depth contour, the
bottom is irregular. Directions
6.201
Local entrance to Inner Channel 1 See 6.109.
6.196 (Directions continue for the Inner Channel at 6.207)
1 See 6.63.
Local entrances to Inner Channel
Inner Channel 6.202
1 See 6.64 and 6.122.
Port Sudan to Saw kin
Inner Channel
Charts 82, 81
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birds nest on this islet and it forms a good 2 Many years ago, a British warship used the channel
landmark, thence: without experiencing any serious difficulties. Nothing is
4 NE of Qd Hogit (8 miles SE) an extensive, partially gained in distance by using Shubuk Channel as compared
submerged reef marked near its centre by a with the adjacent section of Inner Channel (6.204).
conspicuous beacon (conical stone base, diamond Local knowledge is required for use of Shubuk Channel.
topmark, 5 m in height) standing on a small coral Principal mark
patch around which a sandbank sometimes forms;
6.213
the E part of this reef is usually visible but its W
1 Landmark:
part is seldom seen unless there is a swell causing
Jibl Waratb (19°09′N, 37°08′E) (6.200).
the sea to break over it, thence:
5 SW of Endeavour Shoals (10 miles ESE) which lie on Directions
the NE side of the fairway, from about 3 to 6 miles Trinkitat to Marsa esh Sheikh Ibrahim
S of Harorayeet. A least depth over the shoals of
6.214
10⋅1 m lies about 3 miles ESE of Qd Hogit.
1 From a position about 5 miles ENE of Trinkitat Harbour
Thence:
(18°41′N, 37°45′E) the track leads initially WNW for
6 NE of Melita Patch (11 miles SE) and Cygnet Patch,
9 miles, through Marsa Maqdam (6.322), to the E entrance
which lies a farther 5 cables SE, over which there
of Shubuk Channel (6.212), from where the track continues
are least depths of 9⋅4 and 9⋅8 m respectively. There
for a farther 25 miles to a position E of Marsa Esh Sheikh
are unnamed detached shoal patches on the NE side
Ibrahim (6.307), passing (with positions given from the
of the fairway, over which there are least depths of
beacon standing on the NW part of Sha‘ab Simbel
9⋅1 and 7⋅9 m respectively, lying about 2 miles E
(18°46′⋅5N, 37°35′⋅4E)):
and ENE of Melita Patch.
NNE of Fairway Patch (11 miles ESE), a coral shoal,
7 Caution. Due to the various detached shoal patches in
thence:
this vicinity it is necessary to navigate with care,
2 NNE of Rambler Shoal (9 miles ESE), a coral shoal.
thence:
Maqdam Patches, which lie SSW of Rambler Shoal
SW of Bream Patches (16 miles ESE), an area of
and E of Ras Maqdam, consist of several shoal
reduced depths which lies on the NE side of the
patches; the sea breaks over the shoal patch with a
fairway, thence:
least depth over it of 2⋅1 m, which lies about 1 mile
8 SW of Bonito Patches (22 miles ESE) another area of
ENE of Ras Maqdam. Thence:
reduced depths situated on the SW side of Talla
3 SSW of a beacon (red concrete base, red post, cylinder
Talla Saqir. Talla Talla Saqir is an island of raised
shape over sphere topmark, 5 m in height)
coral with cliffs on its SW side, but sandy and
(9 miles E) which marks the SE extremity of
sloping on its NE side; a prominent cairn stands
Sha‘ab el Shubuk. Sha‘ab el Shubuk, the NW end
6 cables N of the summit of the island, which is
of which lies about 3 miles E of Marsa esh Sheikh
bare and rises to a height of 13 m. The island is
Ibrahim (18°53′N, 37°25′E) is a little known area of
fringed by a coral reef; a shallow bank extends up
reefs which extend 17 miles ESE. The area, in
to 6 cables from its W side.
which there are numerous low sandy islets, many
with bushes on them, is intersected by narrow
Anchorage
channels. The N edge of the reef is submerged and
6.211
much broken. It should be given a wide berth; the
1 Anchorage, which is sheltered from all except SE winds,
NE edge is usually visible, thence:
may be obtained as shown on the chart, S of Qd Hogit
SSW of Passage Islet (9 miles E) which lies at the
(18°49′N, 37°43′E) in a depth of 18 m, mud, with the
SE end of of a chain of cays which includes Low
beacon bearing 018°, distant 4 cables.
Islet and Reef Islet. Round Islet lies N of these
Anchorage may also be obtained off the SE end of Talla
islets, close to the NE edge of the reef. The islet has
Talla Saqir (18°47′N, 38°01′E) in depths from 31 to 36 m,
a small summit near its centre and is the most
mud, or, in good holding ground, 2 to 3 cables off the reef
conspicuous, and:
bordering the S side of the island, as shown on the chart, in
4 NNE of a shoal (9 miles ESE), with a least depth over
a depth of about 18 m. During E winds a fairly good
it of 5⋅5 m, which lies on the NNW side of
anchorage may be obtained off the W end of the island but
Maqdam Patches, close NE of a chain of three small
keep in depths of at least 27 m.
islets.
6.215
1 Thence from Reef Islet to Shubuk Channel, passing:
SHUBUK CHANNEL SSW of Reef Islet (8 miles E), thence:
SSW of the three small islets (7 miles E) situated on
General information the SW side of Sha‘ab el Shubuk (6.214), thence:
SSW of the unnamed islet (6 miles E), 1⋅2 m in
Chart 675 height, which lies on the E side of a small passage
Description in Sha‘ab El Shubuk. Thence:
6.212 2 NNE of the beacon (red cylinder topmark, 4 m in
1 Shubuk Channel (18°47′N, 37°35′E) leads from its SE height) (5 miles ESE) which stands near the edge
entrance in Marsa Maqdam (6.322), about 25 miles, generally of the reef situated close NE of Melita Point; noting
NW, to Marsa Esh Sheikh Ibrahim (18°53′N, 37°25′E) the shoal patch, with a least depth of 9⋅4 m over it,
(6.307). which lies in mid-fairway. Sandhills Point (18°44′N,
The route through Shubuk Channel is reported to be 37°38′E) lies 2 miles WSW of Melita Point and is
excellent for small vessels during periods of heavy weather; so named for the several sandhills standing on it,
the channel is often used by tugs towing barges. Melita Point attains heights from 3 to 5 m and is
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covered with scrub. Three small islets lie NE of between the coast and coastal reefs, and Sha‘ab el Shubuk
Melita Point, close within the SW edge of this reef, (6.214); its layout is best seen from the chart.
thence: Dangerous under-water rocks lie on both sides of this
3 SSW of Sumar Islet (5 miles E) which is the W-most section of the fairway.
of several islets situated on this part of Sha‘ab El 6.219
Shubuk. A beacon (masonry) stands on the edge of 1 Southern entrance. From the W end of Shubuk Channel
the reef close W of the islet. Thence: (6.212) the southern entrance to the inshore channel is
Into the E end of Shubuk Channel. through a narrow gap in the offshore coastal reef. A shoal,
6.216 with a least depth over it of 3⋅7 m, lies close E of the
1 Shubuk Channel. From a position about 4 cables SSW E-most beacon (black and white, triangle topmark) of the
of Sumar Islet, the track continues, passing (positions given two beacons, standing on the small detached coral reef on
from the beacon standing on the NW part of Sha‘ab Simbel the N side of the entrance. A further shoal, with a least
(18°46′⋅5N, 37°35′⋅4E)): depth over it of 7⋅3 m, lies between the two beacons (red
SSW of Long Island (4 miles E) which lies on the NW square topmark and red circular topmark, respectively) which
side of Sumar Inlet (6.221), thence: stand on the detached reef on S side of the entrance.
2 NNE of the detached coral reef (3 miles ESE) on 2 A shoal, with a least depth over it of 4⋅6 m, extends W
which stands an unnamed islet, 1⋅5 m in height. from the W side of the coral reef on the N side of the
Sheikh Mahmud Islet lies about 1 mile WSW of the entrance. A beacon stands on the shore at the W end of this
reef and is conspicuous, thence: first reach of the offshore channel.
NNW of Sha‘ab Daydalib (2 miles ESE) a reef 6.220
which dries in patches. Sitarab stands on the S part 1 Northern entrance. From a position at the N end of the
of this reef; two further islets lie about 6 cables inshore channel, about 1 miles E of the entrance to Marsa
WNW of Sitarab. Thence: esh Sheikh Ibrahim (18°53′N, 37°25′E) (6.307), the
3 NNW of the two unnamed islets (2 miles E), which approach is made on a leading line.
stand on coral reefs on the S side of the fairway; a Leading beacons:
beacon stands on the W-most islet, thence: Front beacon (red, topmark triangle, apex down)
SSW of the coral reef (awash) (2 miles ENE) which (18°49′⋅5N, 37°27′⋅3E) (position approximate).
lies on the W side of the area of reported foul Rear beacon (red, topmark triangle, apex up) (about
ground off the S side of Sha‘ab el Shubuk (6.214), 2 cables from front beacon).
thence: 2 From a position about 1 miles E of the entrance to
6.217 Marsa esh Sheikh Ibrahim at the N end of the inshore
1 From Abu Terrda Islets to the inshore section of the track, channel, the entrance is approached on the alignment (186°)
passing: of these leading beacons. The track leads W of a shoal with
S of Abu Terrda Islets (2 miles NE) which stand on a least depth over it of 3⋅7 m; and close E of a shoal with a
the S side of Sha‘ab El Shubuk, thence: least depth over it of 8⋅3 m.
N of Sha‘ab Teeta (1 mile E) which forms the E part 3 A dangerous rock lies about 2 cables NNW of the front
of a coral reef on the S side of Shubuk Channel; leading entrance beacon; two shoals, with least depths over
two small islets stand on the E side of this reef. them of 5⋅5 m and 6⋅4 m, lie in the narrow section of the N
Thence: entrance to the inshore channel, close E of Ras Shabarango
2 N of the beacon (red, can topmark) which stands on (18°50′N, 37°27′E).
the NW part of Sha‘ab Simbel, the W part of a
coral reef which lies on the S side of the fairway
through Shubuk Channel; two small islets stand on Sumar Inlet
this part of the reef, thence:
S of Kad Larbut Islet (2 miles NW), an islet standing Description
on the S side of Sha‘ab el Shubuk; a further small 6.221
islet stands on the reef about 6 cables N, thence: 1 Sumar Inlet (18°47′N, 37°41′E) is a break in Sha‘ab el
3 N of Sha‘ab Ali (2 miles WSW) (position Shubuk (6.214) which connects the Inner Channel (6.156)
approximate) which is nearly surrounded by an area with Shubuk Channel (6.212).
containing numerous dangers through which it is Gap Islet lies on the W side of the N entrance to the
unsafe to navigate; a small islet lies about 4 cables inlet.
E, on the W side of a detached reef. Thence: 2 Outer Gap Beacon (white masonry) stands on a small islet
S of the beacon (black and white square topmark) about 4 cables N of Gap Islet; Inner Gap Beacon (white
(3 miles W) which stands at the SW corner of masonry) stands on the E side of the N entrance to the
Sha‘ab Kurne, the named S edge of Sha‘ab el channel, about 2 cables ESE of the islet.
Shubuk at the W end of the Shubuk Channel. Long Island extends along the NW side of the channel
6.218 through the inlet, about 6 cables SW of Gap Islet.
1 Inshore channel. This close inshore section of the route 3 Other openings exist in Sha‘ab el Shubuk, between Sumar
is complicated, and, as such, is marked by numerous beacons Inlet and the SE extremity of the reef, but they should only
arranged with red on the port hand and black and white on be attempted under favourable conditions and with local
the starboard, when proceeding N towards Port Sudan (6.26) knowledge.
or Sawkin (6.118). Anchorage may be obtained, in depths from 11 to 16 m,
The track, marked by these beacons, leads generally NW within the inlet.
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36°40′⋅6E). This entrance is intricate and encumbered with about 3 miles S of Marsa Mar‘ob (6.238). The coastal reef
reefs and rocks. extends about 4 cables offshore in this vicinity.
A jetty extends SW from just inside the N side of the
Anchorage entrance.
6.234 Coral reefs fringe the majority of the inlet especially on
1 A temporary anchorage may be obtained outside the its S and W sides; a spit extends S from the N shore in its
harbour entrance, SE of Sandy Islet (22°14′⋅7N, 36°39′⋅6E), inner part; coral heads may be present off the N shore.
in depths of about 18 m. 6.241
North Anchorage is situated W of Sea Point (22°15′⋅0N, 1 Anchorage may be obtained in the middle part of the
36°39′⋅6E) where anchorage is obtainable in various depths inlet, in a depth of 18 m; and also nearer the head of the
over mud, sand and shell. inlet in depths from 12 to 14 m, mud and sand, noting the
South Anchorage lies E of the village of Halaib where dangerous rock which lies about 90 m N of this anchorage
anchorage is obtainable in depths up to 35 m, mud. position.
Anchoring on the reefs is prohibited; see 6.226. 6.242
1 Caution. It appears that some confusion has occurred
Jetty
between Marsa Gwilaib (6.240) and Khr Abu ‘Asal (Marsa
6.235
Oseif) (6.243) with regard to accurate positioning of their
1 A pier extends from a position close ENE of the fort.
entrances. The best practical advice is that the entrance to
Marsa Gwilaib lies on a NW/SE axis whereas the entrance to
Marsa Umbeila Khr Abu ‘Asal lies E/W.
Description
6.236 Marsa Oseif
1 Marsa Umbeila (21°58′N, 36°52′E) is a small cove, Description
entered WSW of the offshore reef, which lies SE of Ras 6.243
Hadarba (22°04′N, 36°54′E) (4.15). A beacon stands near 1 Marsa Oseif (Khr Abu ‘Asal) (21°45′N, 36°52′E) is
the SW corner of this reef. entered through a gap in the coastal reef, which, in this
To enter the bay, favour the coral reef on the N side of vicinity, extends about 3 cables offshore.
the approach; then proceed through the narrow entrance A black boulder stands near the edge of the coastal reef
which is marked on each side by black boulders. on the S side of the outer end of the entrance channel.
A conspicuous tomb stands N of the N side of the A quay is situated on the N side of the entrance; from its
entrance to the bay. entrance the inlet extends about 1 mile W to an inner basin
with three arms.
Anchorage 2 Depths vary from 24 to 58 m in the entrance decreasing
6.237 to 6 to 7 m near the head of the S arm of the inlet.
1 A small anchorage, suitable for use by about three small A spit extends from the N shore of the entrance to the
vessels, is available close to the head of the bay in a depth inner basin towards to a coral reef fringing the S shore.
of about 8 m, stiff mud. 6.244
1 Anchorage may be obtained by vessels up to 30 m in
Marsa Mar‘ob length in the S arm of the inlet in depths from 6 to 7 m.
Description Marsa Hamsiat
6.238
1 Marsa Mar‘ob (21°50′N, 36°52′E) is entered through a Description
gap in the coastal reef about 13 miles S of Ras Hadarba 6.245
(22°04′N, 36°54′E) (4.15). The gap is reported to be easy to 1 Marsa Hamsiat (21°42′N, 36°54′E) is entered initially to
find but unmarked. The position of the inlet has been the SW through a gap in the coastal reef, following a spit
reported to lie S of its charted position. formed by the coastal reef which extends NE from the S
The inlet has two arms, the larger arm extending W and side of the entrance.
N, and a narrower arm which extends about 5 cables S from The S side of the entrance is fronted by low cliffs; a sand
a position 6 cables within the entrance to the inlet. spit extends a short way N from the S side of the entrance.
2 Reefs fringe the entrance channel; a reef extends from the The approach to the inlet is reported to be clear and it is
N side of the entrance channel, about 5 cables within its the reported to be easily accessible.
entrance. A good lookout should be kept on both sides when 6.246
entering the inlet. 1 Anchorage may be obtained at the head of the inlet in
The N side of the entrance channel should be favoured depths of 15 m, mud.
until abeam of a sandy bay on the N side of the channel. A
mid-channel course should then be favoured to avoid the Marsa W si‘
reef extending S from the N side of the entrance channel. Description
6.239 6.247
1 Anchorage. The inlet is reported to provide good 1 Marsa Wsi‘ (21°37′N, 36°55′E) is entered through a
anchorage for vessels up to 30 m in length, in depths from 7 relatively wide and clear gap in the coastal reef which leads
to 12 m, on coral, or sand and mud. to the entrance to the inlet, which then extends about
7 cables W.
Marsa Gwilaib Coral boulders stand on the coastal reef on the N side of
Description the entrance to the inlet; a small cairn stands on the low
6.240 sand cliffs which form the S entrance to the inlet.
1 Marsa Gwilaib (21°47′N, 36°53′E) is entered through a 2 The head of the inlet forms two arms; the S arm is
narrow gap in the coastal reef, which lies on a NW/SE axis, virtually fringed with coral reefs. The N arm is entered
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From Rawya Anchorage the alignment (245°) of these It is advisable to have the entrance well open before
beacons leads to a position about 2 cables N of the E-most making the final approach, and to maintain a mid-channel
drying reef, at the head of the second reach of the entrance course.
channel. Caution. The reefs fringing the inlet extend NW of the S
6.274 entry beacon. Care should be taken not to alter course, into
1 Intermediate leading beacons: the main part of the inlet, before clearing the reefs on the S
Front beacon (post on concrete base, topmark black side of the inlet.
globe, 4 m in height) (20°53′⋅7N, 37°10′⋅0E) which
stands near the edge of the coastal reef. Anchorage
Rear beacon (post on concrete base, topmark black 6.279
globe, 4 m in height) (240 m from front beacon) 1 A good anchorage may be obtained in the central part of
which stands on the foreshore. the inlet in depths of about 10 m, mud.
2 From a position about 2 cables N of the E-most drying Local knowledge is advised.
reef, the alignment (199°) of these beacons leads through the Caution. Dramatic reversals of wind direction are not
second reach of the entrance channel, to a position about uncommon within the anchorage. It would seem that
2 cables S of the W-most drying reef taking care not to drift Dungunb Bay funnels N winds to make the conditions
E of the leading line as a reef on which stand dangerous noticeably fresher in this area.
below-water rocks, lies close E of the leading line, on the W
side of the E-most drying reef. Marsa Tank f l
6.275 Chart 3722
1 Inner leading beacons: Description
Front beacon (post on concrete base, topmark black 6.280
globe, 4 m in height) (20°54′⋅1N, 37°09′⋅6E) which 1 Marsa Tankfl (20°45′N, 37°11′E), which is entered
stands offshore of the drying reef fringing the coast through a gap in the coastal reef about 2 miles S of the
in front of the village. entrance to Marsa Inkeifal (6.277), has not been examined.
Rear beacon (post on concrete base, topmark black The approach is clear except for Brandon Rock (6.168)
globe, 4 m in height) (90 m from front beacon) which lies about 1 miles E of the entrance.
which stands on the foreshore of the village, close S The inlet is mostly filled by a reef.
of the fort.
2 From a position about 2 cables S of the W-most drying Marsa Salak
reef the alignment (301°) of these beacons leads through the
Chart 158
third reach of the entrance channel to the anchorage off the
Description
village noting the dangerous below-water rock, and the rock
6.281
awash, which lie NE of the leading line, about 1 cable SW
1 Marsa Salak (20°26′N, 37°10′E) is a small, narrow and
of the W-most drying reef; also the rock awash and the
almost landlocked inlet lying within a sandspit that has a
dangerous below-water rock which lie about 140 m E. A
sandy islet lying close S.
reef, on which stand further dangerous below-water rocks,
About 1 mile within the entrance there is a narrows, with
lies SW of the inner leading line about 4 cables SE of the
a least depth of 2⋅0 m, where the width of the channel is
fort.
reduced to about 10 m.
Anchorage Topography
6.276 6.282
1 Anchorage may be obtained, as shown on the chart, about 1 A group of sandy, barren hillocks stand about 7 miles
2 cables SE of the fort, in a depth of about 12 m, sand and inland from the inlet rising to an elevation of about 90 m
mud. Swinging room is limited. above the level of the plain.
Approach and entry
Marsa Inkeifal 6.283
1 The approach to the inlet is difficult.
Chart 3722 plan of Marsa Inkeifal A dangerous, isolated, coral head, marked by a beacon
Description (red T-shaped topmark), lies close to the middle of the
6.277 approach channel, about 1 miles ESE of the S end of the
1 Marsa Inkeifal (20°47′N, 37°10′E) is a small inlet entered sandspit. This coral head marks the W extremity of Sha’b
through a break in the coastal reef about 7 miles S of Salak, a detached series of reefs. The alignment (350°) of
Muammad Qol (6.271). two beacons on the shore leads W of these reefs. Pass W of
The approach to the inlet is clear; the N and S sides of this beacon where the channel is about 3 cables wide with a
the entrance are both marked by beacons; N beacon least known depth of 11 m.
(concrete base, black cone topmark), S beacon (concrete 2 Note the two beacons, which mark the entrance to an
base, red drum topmark). inlet situated within the coral reef now closed off by coral
The shores of the inlet are fringed by reefs; the head of growth, standing about 1 mile N of the entrance to Marsa
the inlet dries. Salak.
The entrance to the inlet is intricate but is easily seen in
good daylight; the eye is the only guide.
Entry
6.278 Dangers
1 The entry to the inlet is easy. If approaching from the N 6.284
beware of the shoal that extends S and E from the N entry 1 There are scattered coral heads in the area NE of the
beacon. entrance to Marsa Salak and off the extremity of the coastal
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reef marked by the boiler of a wrecked tug. Navigation and stern, with an anchor close to the N reef and a short
within this area requires good daylight. scope of cable. The cove affords scarcely any shelter.
See 6.175. Local knowledge is required.
6.290
Anchorage 1 Dra Lagoon, not named on chart, lies about 2 miles S of
6.285 Marsa Aweitir where some disused saltworks are situated.
1 Anchorage may be obtained in the outer part of the inlet
in depths of about 10 m, mud. There is probably not much
shelter against S winds. Marsa Figg
Local knowledge is required for use of the anchorages. Description
6.291
1 Marsa Figg (Fijb) (20°02′N, 37°12′E) is entered
Marsa Arakiyai through a break in the coastal reef, passing S of a narrow
Description peninsula which extends SSW from the head of the inlet and
6.286 which is bordered by reefs that extend up to 6 cables off its
1 Marsa Arakiyai (20°13′N, 37°10′E) is a nearly landlocked E and S sides.
cove fringed with reefs. The inlet is entered through a channel in the coastal reef,
A coral islet stands on the coral reef on the S side of the passing S of a sandy islet which stands on the edge of the
inner end of the entrance channel. reef extending S from the narrow peninsula; another smaller
A conspicuous watch tower, part of an army post, stands sandy islet lies close N.
on the N side of the entrance. 2 The inlet narrows N of the entrance reducing to a muddy
creek at its head.
Approach and entry The inlet is encumbered with reefs and shoals on which
6.287 stand many islets.
1 The N end of a steep-to detached reef, which lies 6 cables
E of the entrance to the inlet, is marked by a beacon Landmark
(concrete base, red drum topmark, 4 m in height) (reported a 6.292
stump in 1995). 1 Weihemehi Tower (19°59′N, 37°09′E) (chart 82) stands
Coral heads lie between the N and S ends of this steep-to on a small hill, about 4 miles SSW of Marsa Figg (Fijb).
detached reef and the coastal reef, across the approaches to This ancient, square topped tower, about 5 m in height, is
the cove. visible from seaward.
A beacon marks the N side of the entrance through the
coastal reef to the cove (black cone topmark). A similar Approach
beacon marks the S side (red T-shaped topmark). 6.293
2 A sandspit extends S from the N side of the entrance, S 1 The line of bearing 310° of a prominent hill near the
of the watch tower, where the fairway is reduced in width to coast leads towards the entrance. This hill is often visible
about 27 m between the spit and the coral islet. when the mountains inland are obscured by clouds.
Depths in the entrance channel are from about 18 to
27 m; depths within the cove are from about 8 to 14 m. Entry
There are many coral heads near the surface within the cove. 6.294
1 The N side of the dog-legged entrance channel is marked
Anchorage by two beacons.
6.288 The outer beacon (concrete base, black cone topmark, 4 m
1 Anchorage may be obtained in depths from 8 to 14 m, in height) stands on the N side of the channel on the outer
sand and coral, in the N part of the cove with the buildings edge of the coastal reef, about 6 cables ESE of the islet
just N of the watch tower roughly abeam. which stands on the edge of the reef extending S from the
Anchorage may also be obtained in depths from 18 to narrow peninsula.
24 m, mud, off the E side of the coral islet. This is close to 2 The second beacon (concrete base, black diamond over
the entrance and there is little swinging room such that there black bar topmark, 4 m in height) stands about 3 cables E of
is only room for one vessel with a short scope of cable. the islet, on the N side of the channel near the edge of the
During N winds it is necessary to keep the weather reef coastal reef.
aboard, but the holding is good and the cove remains A further beacon (concrete base, black diamond topmark,
smooth in all winds. 4 m in height) stands on the N side of the inner end of the
entrance channel, close S of the islet.
Marsa Aweitir 6.295
Description 1 Directions. The line of bearing 313° of the beacon
6.289 situated on the N side of the entrance, 3 cables E of the islet,
1 Marsa Aweitir (20°10′N, 37°11′E) is a gap in the coastal leads between the outer beacon standing on the extremity of
reef about 3 cables wide and about the same in length, with the coastal reef; and a coral patch, with a least depth over it
depths of 47 m over mud, reducing to about 14 m close off of 4 m, which lies about 1 cables WSW.
the reefs.
Between Marsa Arakiyai (6.286) and Marsa Aweitir the Anchorage
coastal reef extends up to 5 cables offshore, there are some 6.296
below-water rocks lying close to its edge, which is steep-to. 1 Anchorage may be obtained by small vessels, in depths of
A small stream flows into the head of the cove. about 23 m in the entrance to the inlet about 4 cables E of
2 Anchorage. The cove provides a favourable anchorage the islet.
for local craft which anchor close inshore. There is just room Anchorage may also be obtained within the inlet, W of
for a small vessel to lie in a depth of 37 m, moored head the islet, but here the anchorage space is limited.
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and a ruined pier. A flagstaff stands on the SW shore about Caution. It has been reported that these shoal spits,
3 cables W of the ruined pier. extending from both of the harbour entry points, extend
4 The shores of the harbour are sandy with low bushes; a further than charted.
sandy plain, which floods at times, extends for some distance The fairway through the entrance should be approached
inland. with care. The channel should possibly be first examined by
An opening in the SE side of the harbour leads to a large boat prior to entry, and then buoyed.
shallow lagoon in which there are depths of up to 1 m
depending upon the season.
Principal mark
6.320
Caution 1 Landmark:
6.316 Jebel Shaba (18°10′N, 37°24′E), 950 m in height is an
1 Trinkitat Harbour could formerly accommodate a number isolated mountain which stands about 37 miles SW
of vessels of draughts up to 6⋅4 m with good holding of Trinkitat Harbour.
ground. Anchorage
In 1972 the depths in the harbour had decreased 6.321
considerably, silting was taking place at the head of the 1 Anchorage may be obtained within the harbour which
harbour which appeared to consist of a solid encroachment provides good shelter from all winds, except those from the
of the land. NE, in 6 m to 7 m, mud. See caution 6.316.
2 Charted depths within the harbour may well be from 1⋅0 Anchorage may also be obtained outside the harbour, W
to 1⋅5 m in error. of Qita’ Kansha (6.318) in depths of about 11 m.
Local knowledge. It is not considered advisable, even for
shallow draught vessels, to use the harbour without local Marsa Maqdam
knowledge.
Chart 675
Local weather Description
6.317 6.322
1 Between November and April the prevailing winds are 1 Marsa Maqdam (18°44′N, 37°43′E) lies between the SE
mainly from the N, but occasionally from the NE, especially part of Sha‘ab el Shubuk (6.214) and the coast between
during the day. There is no dust haze with winds from the N Melita Point (18°44′N, 37°40′E) and Ras Maqdam (3 miles
and E, and only occasional dust haze with winds from the E SE) a low point, backed by conspicuous sandhills, which
and SE. rise to from 6 to 13 m in height.
It was reported, many years ago, that in the winter Eagle Islet stands on a reef which extends 1 mile ESE
months the N and NE winds were accompanied by from Melita Point.
sandstorms which blow strongest in February and March. 2 Maqdam Patches (6.214) lie about 2 miles E of Ras
2 Strong N winds are occasionally preceded by a swell Maqdam. Three islets lie on the W part of Maqdam Patches.
from that direction but, as the islets and reefs of the Sawkin Rambler Shoal (6.214) lies in the E entrance to Marsa
Group (6.347) act as a breakwater, a marked swell is not Maqdam. Fairway Patch (6.214) lies about 1 mile SE.
always an accompaniment to a N wind. 6.323
Winds from the SE can usually be forecast by an increase 1 Anchorage may be obtained in Marsa Maqdam, in depths
in the humidity of the atmosphere. It is said a swell sets in from 11 to 14 m, sand and mud, in the N and NW parts of
from the SE about 12 hours to 24 hours before the shift in the inlet under the lee of Sha‘ab el Shubuk. The SE part
the wind occurs. should be avoided owing to the shoals off Ras Maqdam.
3 Between June and September the winds are mainly from Eagle Anchorage is situated in the SW part of Marsa
the S, bringing much sand with them. In June and July, Maqdam, about 1 miles ESE of Melita Point, as shown on
when the winds are at their strongest, the whole area the chart. The anchorage affords good anchorage in depths
between Trinkitat and Tokar (15 miles S) is rendered almost of 9 m, sand. During E and SE winds this anchorage is
uninhabitable by frequent and severe sandstorms. During and somewhat exposed to the swell.
after these sandstorms, which often blow for a considerable
distance out to sea, visibility on the coast and at sea is likely Khalig ’Agig
to be much reduced by sand or dust haze. Chart 81
Position
Approach 6.324
6.318 1 Khalig ’Agig is entered about 30 miles SE of Trinkitat
1 If approaching from the N, steer to pass E of Rambler Harbour (6.315) between Ras Asis (18°25′N, 38°07′E) and
Shoal (18°44′N, 37°45′E) (6.214) and Maqdam Patches Ras Shekub (11 miles SE).
(1 miles SW) (6.214), and W of Fairway Patch (1 miles
SE) (6.214) and Qita’ Kansha (18°41′⋅6N, 37°45′⋅7E), Description
which lies about 6 cables E of the harbour entrance. 6.325
Qita’ Kansha is awash, always visible, steep-to, and 1 Ras Asis, the NW entry point to the bay, is a low and
makes a good mark for vessels making for the harbour. A sandy point; a beacon (black metal framework tower,
beacon (metal post, can topmark, 3 m in height) stands near diamond topmark, 9 m in height) stands on the extremity of
the N end of Qita’ Kansha. the point.
2 A rocky spit, over which there are dangerous shoal depths
Entry and rocks, extends about 1 miles ENE of Ras Asis; depths
6.319 are uneven in its vicinity, shoal depths lie up to 4 miles N
1 The fairway, which was about 1 cable wide, lies between and NNE of the point.
the shoal spits which extend into the entrance from Ras Ras Shekub, the SE entry point to the bay, is a low sandy
Mukden (18°41′⋅5N, 37°45′⋅0E) and South Point (5 cables S). point formed by an island and two islets.
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6.326 Description
1 A coral reef extends about 3 cables N of the N side of 6.332
Ras Shekub, and about 4 cables E of its E side. A beacon 1 The bay is completely sheltered by a chain of low sand
(white masonry structure, 5 m in height) (reported missing and coral islets, standing on coral reefs, which front its
1993) marks the N extremity of the reef. Many years ago it entrance; bushes grow on some of the islets.
was reported difficult to distinguish the beacon against the The S and W sides of the bay are bordered by reefs and
sandy background. detached coral boulders; the shore is low, sandy and fringed
2 A shoal area, with a least depth over it of 16⋅5 m, lies with mangroves, and, in places, it is covered with scrub.
about 5 miles N of Ras Shekub beacon. Fish abound near all the reefs; wildfowl and wildlife are
Hillat ’Agig is a village situated about 12 miles SSE of plentiful within the neighbourhood of the inlet.
Ras Asis which consists of a few buildings; there is a small 6.333
landing jetty. 1 Fawn Cove (18°16′N, 38°16′E) lies in the NW corner of
3 A reef, on which stands some islets, extends from the Khr Nawarat and is encumbered with reefs; Bluff Point
entrance to Marsa Hayyis, a small inlet, whose entrance is forms its S entrance point. A conspicuous sandhill, 12 m in
situated about 6 miles S of Ras Asis. height, stands about 1 miles WSW of the point.
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Shekub, bearing 312° (astern), leads through the section of Bushy Islet
the entrance channel which lies between Ras Istahi 6.343
(18°15′⋅8N, 38°18′⋅9E) and Hai Dugah Islets (6.341). 1 Bushy Islet (18°14′⋅1N, 38°20′⋅1E) is a conspicuous islet,
If proceeding into the inlet then keep clear of the dangers fringed by a reef, which lies between the S side of Gazeirat
ESE of Ras Istahi, noting the shoal area, with a least depth Kalafiyya and Crazirat Irj.
over it of 5⋅5 m, that lies about 4 cables ESE of the point.
3 Thence, steer SW, passing W of the dangerous shoal Crazirat Irj
which lies about 1 cables W of Shatira Islet (18°15′⋅2N, 6.344
38°19′⋅6E); continue on a SW course, rounding the W end 1 Crazirat Irj (Bahdr or Ibn Abbas Island) (18°13′⋅1N,
of Crazirat Irj (18°13′⋅1N, 38°19′⋅5E) at a prudent distance, 38°19′⋅5E), which lies in the middle of the SE part of Khr
and proceed to the anchorage SW of the village situated on Nawarat, is composed of coral rock.
the W end of the island. A conspicuous small fishing village lies at its W end.
6.337 The N side of the island rises in cliffs, about 4 m to 5 m
1 East Passage leads between the SE side of the reefs on in height, to a coral plateau about 5 m to 6 m in height; the
which stand the Hai Dugah Islets (6.341) and the N end of cliffs at the E end of the island are lower, rising to heights
Gazeirat Kalafiyya (18°15′N, 38°21′E). of only 2 to 3 m.
The passage is a convenient route for small vessels during 2 The W part of the island is sandy, the E part is wooded,
periods of N winds; depths in the S entrance to the passage and, there are mangroves in the S, which is usually
are from about 5⋅8 to 7⋅3 m. In 1985 considerably less water inundated by the waters of Khr Nawarat.
was reported within the passage. The island is mostly fringed with a reef; foul ground lies
between the E end of the island and Gazeirat Kalafiyya; two
Landing rocks awash lie in the channel between the SE end of the
6.338 island and Ras Farrjn (18°12′⋅1N, 38°21′⋅5E).
1 The best landing place is 4 miles SSE of Bluff Point
(18°14′⋅8N, 38°16′⋅6E) where the reefs afford shelter and
boats can approach the beach. Bay south east of Kh r Nawarat
Anchorage Chart 81
6.339 Description
1 Anchorage within the inlet may be obtained about 6.345
9 cables SW of Shatira Islet (18°15′⋅2N, 38°19′⋅6E), in a 1 An unnamed bay, which indents the coast SE of Gazeirat
depth of about 9 m. Kalafiyya (Farrj) (6.342) is split into two parts by Gazirat
Alternatively, continue SW, rounding the W end of ’Iri (18°10′N, 38°27′E) an island whose highest part consists
Crazirat Irj (18°13′⋅1N, 38°19′⋅5E), and anchor in depths of a mound of ruins. The NW part of Gazirat ’Iri has some
from 7 to 8 m SW of the village; the holding ground of trees and other vegetation along with the coral rock ruins of
sand and mud is good everywhere. the ancient Ptolemais Theron; the E part of the island is low
and sandy.
Guban Islet 2 That part of the bay, on the W side of Gazirat ’Iri, has a
6.340 least depth of 3⋅7 m in the entrance over a bar formed by the
1 Guban Islet (18°17′⋅2N, 38°18′⋅3E) lies on the NW side continuation of the coastal reef; depths from 5⋅5 to 7⋅3 m,
of the main approach to Khr Nawarat. over mud, lie farther within this section of the bay. A
Guban Patches lie in the middle part of the channel which tortuous channel, which is only suitable for use by small
separates the islet from the mainland; these shoals restrict the vessels with local knowledge, leads from the entrance to the
use of the channel to small vessels. head of this half of the bay.
3 That part of the bay on the E side of Gazirat ’Iri has
Hai Dugah Islets depths from 1⋅8 to 5⋅5 m within it.
6.341 6.346
1 Hai Dugah Islets (Hagar Islets) (18°16′⋅0N, 38°20′⋅0E) are 1 Gazirat Abid (18°09′N, 38°30′E) is a sandy island, with
three low sandy islets, named North West Islet, Middle Islet its summit rising from its E side, standing on the coastal reef
and South East Islet, which are sparsely covered with grass E of Gazirat ’Iri; a beacon (metal framework) stands on an
and scrub. The islets stand on a reef, the NW end of which unnamed island 1 miles SE.
lies about 7 cables NNE of Ras Istahi. A shoal, with a least depth over it of 9 m, lies 1 miles
Black Rocks, which lies close to the NW end of the reef, NE of Gazirat Abid; In 1917 a bank, with a least depth over
are composed of dark coral and are conspicuous. it of 27⋅0 m, was reported 5 miles ESE of the island.
2 A shoal (position doubtful) is charted at the S end of a
Gazeirat Kalafiyya bank, about 7 miles E of Ras Abu Yabis (18°07′N, 38°30′E),
6.342 this shoal has been searched for and not found.
1 Gazeirat Kalafiyya (Farrjn) (18°14′⋅4N, 38°21′⋅5E) Ras Abu Yabis (18°07′N, 38°30′E), which lies about
together with Shatira Islet (7 cables NW) and several 2 miles S of Gazirat Abid, is a low point with small white
unnamed islets stand on a reef which extends 5 miles SE sandhills on which some bushes grow; there are some
from the entrance to Khr Nawarat to where it joins the remarkable summits S of the point near the coast.
mainland shore. Seil Bahr is a rocky islet, which lies between Ras Abu
A spit, with a least depth over its extremity of 3⋅4 m, Yabis and Gazirat Abid, that forms a good landmark.
extends about 3 cables N of the E end of Shatira Islet. 3 Caution. On account of the shoal water and dangers,
2 A boat channel leads through the reef between the SE Gazirat ’Iri should not be approached from the E. If making
end of Gazeirat Kalafiyya and the mainland; local knowledge the coast in this vicinity it is recommended to make for
is required for the use of this channel. Dahrat ‘Abid (18°22′N, 38°46′E) (6.20).
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2 Darraka (18°28′N, 38°44′E) is an islet bordered by a reef and Abu Marina. This bank is probably an extension of the
which appears to extend some distance towards a detached reef on which these islets stand; the edge of the bank, which
reef, over which the sea breaks, which lies about 1 mile NW. lies about 5 miles S of Abu Marina is steep-to.
3 Dar Ah Teras (Dahrat Asis) (18°37′N, 38°14′E) is a low
and sandy islet situated in the SW part of the group, about
13 miles NNE of Ras Asis (18°25′N, 38°07′E). A reef Anchorages
extends about 1 mile NNW of the N end of the islet; a 6.354
dangerous rock and shoal area, lie about 1 mile E of the 1 As a rule, the water inside the islets of the Sawkin
islet. The area in the vicinity of the shoal patch, with a least Group is smooth and anchorage may be obtained, generally
depth over it of 11 m, situated about 6 miles ESE of Dar in depths from 18 to 46 m, between the islets and the coast
Ah Teras, has not be examined and should be avoided. for 40 miles SE of Trinkitat (6.315).
4 A group of sand and coral islets (18°27′N, 38°28′E), 2 Anchorage, of a reasonable quality, may be obtained in
which lie about 43 miles ESE of Trinkitat (6.315), consist of depths of about 16 m, sand and coral, with the W extremity
Aqrab Islets, Karb Islets and Abu Marina; the sea breaks of the W islet of the Talla Talla Kebir (18°50′N, 38°10′E)
over these islets when there is any swell. The islets stand on group of islets, bearing 040°, distant 5 cables.
a coral reef on which there are some pinnacle coral rocks 3 Emergency anchorage is available off the S side of
with deeper water lying between. Tamarshira (18°55′N, 38°17′E) in depths from 11 to 33 m,
5 A shoal reported in 1929, with a least depth over it of but the anchorage is too small to afford protection from the
11 m, lies about 4 miles N of the N-most Aqrab Islet. swell. A further emergency anchorage may be obtained in
A bank, with depths over it from 4⋅5 to 18 m, extends S the channel between Qita Teronbo (18°38′N, 37°48′E)
from the coral reef on which stand Aqrab Islets, Karb Islets (6.315) and the coast.
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NOTES
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¯ to Ras Raheita
Chapter 7 - Red Sea - west side. Ras Qassar
19° 19°
S AU D I
ARABIA
164
18° -
Ras Qassar 18°
81
7.11
17° 17°
JØzºn
-
Farasan
Islands
Difnein Island
7.30
(North East
Channel)
460
12
16° 16°
7. 1
ERITREA 143
Dehalak’
7.141 168 171
Mits’iwa KebØr YEMEN
460
(Massawa) Port Smyth 168
168 Dissei Anch. - I.
Kamaran
7.4
168 Melita Bay 2
15° ol
15°
D
ph
in 168
Co
ve Anfile Bay
16
8 6
Ras Shakhs
7.
19
9
1925
14° Jabal Zuqar I.
14°
168
Bera’isolÏ Bahir Selat’Ï
The Haycocks
Al
ETHI O P I A 452 Mukha-
453
7.202
13° -
Aseb 13°
1926
Ba
1926
b
el
Ma
nd
157
eb
DJIBOUTI
12° 12°
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CHAPTER 7
GENERAL INFORMATION
Charts 158, 157, 143 2 Between Ras Qassr and Massawa (15°37′N, 39°28′E)
Scope of the chapter (7.141) the plain, on which there are scattered isolated hills
7.1 which range from about 40 m to 240 m in height, varies in
1 The area described in this chapter covers the Red Sea width from about 10 to 20 miles.
coast of Eritrea from Ras Qassr (18°01′N, 38°35′E) to Ras SE of Massawa the plain is between 1 and 10 miles wide.
Raheita (12°44′N, 43°07′E) (4.82), 415 miles SE. The 3 The coast between Ras Shakhs (14°37′N, 41°12′E) and
chapter also includes descriptions of the ports of Massawa Ras Terma Zerf Ch’af (117 miles SSE) is backed by ranges
(15°37′N, 39°28′E) (7.141) and seb (13°00′N, 42°45′E) of high volcanic mountains sloping to the sea.
(7.202). SE of Ras Terma Zerf Ch’af the general aspect of the
land is high, rugged and mountainous towards the interior,
Topography and barren towards the coast with the mountains descending
7.2 in successive lower ranges towards the coast.
1 The coast of Eritrea is a generally low and arid plain, 4 Massawa Channel (15°50′N, 39°30′E) (7.18) lies W and
gradually rising, over a distance of 40 miles, to the first of a SW of the many islands and dangers on Dahlak Bank (7.87),
series of plateaux. which fronts the greater part of the Eritrean coast.
Mountains, some of which attain elevations of over Massawa (15°37′N, 39°28′E) and seb (13°00′N,
3000 m, form an escarpment to the plateaux; the mountains 42°45′E) are the only ports on this stretch of coast; the
have a generally abrupt and precipitous appearance. off-lying banks and islands afford numerous anchorages.
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2 A village is situated on the shores of the bay which are A ruined mole extends about 130 m E from the shore and
bordered with trees; the coast in this vicinity is low, sandy, may be mistaken for a reef; a beacon (truncated cone pillar,
and backed by high land. staff topmark) stands near the extremity of the mole. A
Anchorage. Dhows and smaller vessels may obtain further mole, in rather better condition, extends 100 m NNE
anchorage outside the reef in depths from 5⋅5 to 7⋅3 m. from the shore, leaving an entrance about 15 m wide with a
least depth, between the heads of the moles, of 2⋅5 m. A
Chart 164 large part of each mole stands on dry land.
2 The depth in the centre of the harbour is 2⋅7 m which
Hasmet
decreases towards the shore.
7.15
The NW part of the S mole forms a quay, with a depth
1 Description. Hasmet (17°45′N, 38°44′E) is a small bay,
alongside of 2⋅3 m, where boats may unload at a small
entered between two points in the coastal reef, situated about
flights of stone steps. Two masonry buildings and a few huts
19 miles SE of Ras Qassr.
stand close S of the harbour.
The coast in this vicinity is low, swampy and backed by
7.17
high land; a salt plain lies a little way inland from the beach.
1 Taclai is situated 2 miles S of Marsa Taclai where there is
a prominent one storey brick-built factory surrounded by
Marsa Taclai four smaller, similar buildings. A small tower, painted in
7.16 black and white chequers about 15 m in height, stands in the
1 Description. Marsa Taclai (17°32′N, 38°51′E) is a small centre of the factory.
boat harbour which serves as a shelter for local craft. In 1981 the factory was reported to be in ruins.
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2 E of the shoal patch (12 miles WNW) with a least SOUTH MASSAWA CHANNEL
depth over it of 7⋅8 m, thence:
W of the detached shoal patch (5 miles NW) with a General information
least depth over it of 11⋅6 m, thence: Chart 171
3 WSW of Sheikh el Abu, a low sandy island standing Route
on a reef which extends about 2 miles W from the
7.35
SW end of Harat. Sheikh el Abu Light (white
1 South Massawa Channel lies on the W side of the Red
framework tower, black band, 17 m in height) is Sea and is a continuation SE of North Massawa Channel
exhibited from the W point of Sheikh el Abu. Harat
(7.22).
presents a uniformly flat outline with a few stunted
The channel extends about 115 miles ESE, from a
bushes growing on it; there are a few huts on the position in the approaches to Massawa to a position NE of
W side of the island, and a beacon stands near its
Ras Shakhs (14°37′N, 41°12′E).
SE corner. Thence:
4 NE of the two shoal patches (8 miles SSW), with least Topography
depths over them of 14⋅7 m and 14 m, which lie 7.36
close off a shoal spit extending N from the coastal 1 Between Ras Corali (15°30′N, 39°52′E) and the SW side
bank over which there is a least depth of 5⋅6 m, of Dehalak’ Dest (8 miles NE) (7.116), South Massawa
thence: Channel is divided into three passages by Assarca Islets
SW of Dohul Bahut (7 miles SE) a sand and coral (15°32′N, 39°55′E) and Shumma (4 miles E). These passages
islet, 11 m in height, fringed by a reef, on which are deep, and the reefs fringing the mainland and the islands
stands a prominent clump of trees, thence: are steep-to and visible.
5 SW of Dahret (11 miles SE) a sandy islet, 3 m in The land on both sides of South Massawa Channel
height, standing on the SW corner of a reef. A consists of coral cliffs which rise to about 2 m in height and
beacon stands on the S coast. Thence: are well defined.
6 NE of Oreste Shoal (14 miles S), a detached sand and
coral shoal, which lies about 2 miles ENE of Ras Depths
Arb, a low rounded and sandy point. Large masses 7.37
of floating weed have been observed in this vicinity. 1 Depths throughout South Massawa Channel are generally
mbereme Tomb is situated 4 miles SSW of Ras in excess of 25 m. The least charted depth is Fawn Shoal
Arb. The tomb has a domed roof and shows up (7.43), and a shoal with a least depth over it of 10 m lies
well from the N; in clear weather it can be seen about 2 miles SW of Shumma (15°32′N, 40°00′E).
from a considerable distance and even in hazy Other depths of less than 20 m lie within the channel;
weather it can usually be identified, thence: their positions are best seen on the chart.
7 To a position ENE of Ras Dogon (15°39′N, 39°29′E) Cautions
on the alignment of the leading lights in the 7.38
approaches to the port of Massawa. 1 See 7.24 and 7.90.
(Directions for South Massawa Channel are given
at 7.42, and for entry to Massawa at 7.175) Natural conditions
7.39
1 Weather. In South Massawa Channel S winds cause a
considerable swell which is experienced S of, and in the
vicinity of, Shumma (15°32′N, 40°00′E) even when the
Minor inlets and bays wind is not blowing strongly. The wind is frequently SE and
fresh in this vicinity, whilst in North Massawa Channel
(7.22) off Harat (16°05′N, 39°28′E) and Difnein (16°37′N,
Chart 164 39°20′E) (Chart 164), it is from the N.
2 So long as the wind is from the SW it remains
Mersa Mubarak
remarkably dry, but if it backs S or SE the wet bulb
7.32
thermometer quickly rises several degrees; this strong S wind
1 Mersa Mubarak (16°36′N, 39°09′E) is an indentation
seldom lasts for more than four days. The barometer gives
within the coastal reef, situated close S of Kandellai (7.12),
no warning of the shift of wind but falls as soon as the wind
which forms a small boat harbour fringed by mangroves.
begins to blow.
7.40
1 Flow. See 7.20.
Mersa Ibrahim 7.41
7.33 1 Tidal stream. In South Massawa Channel the tidal
1 Mersa Ibrahim (16°29′N, 39°10′E) is another small boat streams are weak and variable.
harbour about 6 miles S of Mersa Mubarak. The streams appear to meet in the vicinity of Shumma
(15°32′N, 40°00′E).
Directions
Mersa Gulbub (continued from 7.31)
7.34
1 Mersa Gulbub (16°25′N, 39°11′E) is a small indentation Chart 460
in the coast; a plantation is situated near the shore with an Massawa to Ras Shakhs
airfield close S. Otherwise, the coast is completely barren for 7.42
several miles on each side. 1 From a position ENE of Ras Dogon (15°39′N, 39°29′E)
A stranded wreck lies about 2 miles S of Mersa Gulbub. in the approaches to the port of Massawa the track leads
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ESE, passing (with positions given from Shumma Light NE of Isolotto Dergamman Seghr 10 miles NNW)
(15°32′N, 40°00′E)): an island which forms the W side of the entrance to
NNE of Secca Mugiunia (17 miles WNW), a rocky a bay, much encumbered with reefs and islands, that
patch, with a small islet in its NE part, which lies in lies between the island and Howakil, thence:
the approach to Zula Bahir Selat’ 7.47). Foul 3 SW of Shab Abu el Khosu (14 miles NNE) a
ground, with a least depth over it of 1⋅6 m, lies in dangerous, steep-to coral reef, 3 miles long, which
the SE part of this rocky patch. Thence: shows up well; part of the N edge of the reef dries
2 SSW of Banco Erc Abdulla-Abu-Madda (14 miles W) when the sea level is low. Thence:
a detached bank, lying near mid-channel, thence: 4 NE of Umm es Sahrig, a coral island dotted with low
NNE of Isolotto Madote (14 miles WNW), a sandy bushes, which lies on the NE edge of the coastal
islet (7.58) situated N of Isola Dissei (7.63) in the reef, on the SE side of the entrance to Howakil Bay
approaches to Zula Bahir Selat’. Isolotto Madote (7.69). Umm es Sahrig Light (white metal
Light (white metal framework tower, black bands, framework tower, black bands, 17 m in height) is
13 m in height) is exhibited from the SW part of exhibited from the NE part of the island, thence:
the islet, thence: 5 NE of ndeba Ye Midir Zerf Ch’af (3 miles SSE),
3 NNE of Ras Corali (8 miles W) which forms the N the SE entrance point of Howakil Bay. The point
extremity of Penisola di Buri; and NNE of Dilemmi forms the NW extremity of a small promontory on
(7.61) which lies close E of Ras Corali. Thence: which rise two double-peaked hills similar to
4 NNE of Assarca Islets (5 miles W) which consists of another double-peaked hill standing on Ras Herbe,
two islets. The NW islet is mostly bordered by low thence:
cliffs. The SE islet is sandy and covered with low 6 NE of Ras Herbe (6 miles SE) on which stands a
scrub. A reef awash extends about 5 cables SE from double-peaked hill which forms a conspicuous mark
the SE part of the islet. Assarca Islets Light (white that has the appearance of an island from a distance,
metal framework tower, black bands, 8 m in height) as the land on which it stands is very low; other
is exhibited from the NE side of the NW islet. volcanic hills which rise from the plain behind Ras
(Directions for entry to Massawa are given at 7.175) Herbe are not so prominent. Between Ras Herbe
Chart 171 and Ras Gurmal, 4 miles ESE, lies the entrance to a
7.43 bay which is almost filled with the coastal reef.
1 Thence, the track leads SE, passing: Thence:
NE of an isolated 10 m shoal (2 miles WSW), 7 SW of Shab Muhammed (14 miles ENE) a coral reef,
thence: which is visible from some distance. Note the coral
SW of Shumma, which is fringed by a reef and lies shoal, with a least depth over it of 14 m, which lies
close to the centre of South Massawa Channel on the NE side of the fairway, about 7 miles SE of
(7.35). Shumma Light (white round metal tower; Shab Muhammed, thence:
22 m in height) is exhibited from a position near the 8 NE of Ras Gurmal (10 miles SE) a coral point, about
S extremity of the island. Thence: 5 m in height, which has the appearance of an
2 NE of Ras Endu (6 miles SSW) a projection near the island, even from close inshore, as it is connected to
middle of the NE coast of Penisola di Buri which is the mainland by a low neck of sand, thence:
low and fringed by a reef, thence: NE of Ras Manrec (16 miles SE) the E extremity of
NE of Umm Namus (8 miles SSE) an islet with white a coral peninsula which presents a broad face to
sandy patches situated at both ends and on which seaward and is connected to the mainland by a low
grow some conspicuous trees; a reef extends neck of sand. The peninsula is backed by a
4 cables N and 7cables ESE of the islet. A shoal mangrove swamp, thence:
with a depth over it of 4⋅5 m lies about 2 miles NW 9 NE of Midir (20 miles SE) a coral island situated on
of the islet, thence: the coastal reef which forms the NW entrance to
3 NE of Fawn Shoal (11 miles SE) an isolated coral Anfile Bay (7.259).
shoal. A well, with a depth over it of 15 m, lies 7.45
about 1 miles E of Fawn Shoal. Thence: 1 From Midir to Ras Shakhs the track continues SE,
SW of Dahlak Reefs (15 miles E) which front the passing (with positions given from Shab Shakhs Light
south coast of Dehalak’ Dest (7.116) for 26 miles (14°39′N, 41°07′E)):
ESE from a position E of Ras Cambit (15°35′N, 2 NE of Seil (20 miles NW) the NE of the two islets that
40°03′E) (7.137), thence: make up the Barm al Agi Islands which lie in the N
4 NE of Isolotto Dahleid (18 miles SSE), an islet fringed part of the entrance to Anfile Bay (7.259). Seil is a
by a reef, situated in the NW part of the entrance to flat and bare coral islet; Estam Aghe, the inner islet,
Howakil Bay (7.69). has some bushes growing on it. Both of these islets
7.44 lie on a bank which should not be approached too
1 Thence, from Isolotto Dahleid to Midir (42 miles SE) the closely, as reefs extend N, NE and W of Estam
track continues SE, passing (with positions given from Umm Aghe. Thence:
es Sahrig Light (15°04′⋅6N, 40°30′⋅5E)): 3 SW of Three Fathom Banks (22 miles N), shoal banks
NE of Adjuz (17 miles NW) (7.75) a wooded, coral with a least depth over them of 5⋅1 m which extend
island which appears level. A few huts stand on its 6 miles ESE, thence:
S side. The island is fringed in places by reefs 4 NE of Derbsasa Dest (14 miles WNW) an islet
which are visible, thence: covered with bushes, which lies about 1 mile N of
2 NE of Isolotto Laksu (14 miles NW) an islet Ras Anfile, the SE entrance point to Anfile Bay
connected to Howakil (7.77) by a reef over which (7.259). A beacon (tripod, white triangle topmark)
boats may cross, thence: stands on the SW part of the island. A drying coral
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reef extends about 5 cables WSW from the SW peak with Monte Dissei (7.63) on Isola Dissei
point of the island. Thence: (15°28′N, 39°45′E), which has a similar appearance
5 NE of Ras Anrata (9 miles WNW) a low coral point from the N, but is only half the elevation.
which has the appearance of an island, from close 3 Baranlo (14°53′N, 39°37′E) is a mountain in the form
inshore. T’’o, a settlement with several conspicuous of a conspicuous cone, standing about 14 miles SW
buildings, stands on the point. It has been reported of the head of the gulf.
that lights on the coast in this vicinity may be
visible from a distance of 8 miles from seaward. A Description
pier extends WNW from the coast, close SW of the 7.49
point. Thence: 1 The sides of the inlet are, in many places, fringed by
6 SW of Seven Fathom Banks (15 miles NNE) which reefs which can extend over 1 mile offshore.
extend about 12 miles SE, thence: Isola Dissei (7.63) lies close within the E side of the
7 NE of Shbshab (3 miles NNE), a shallow spit which entrance to the inlet.
extends NNE of Shab Shakhs from which Shab 7.50
Shakhs Light (white metal tower on white tripod 1 West side of Zula Bahir Selat’
with black band, 37 m in height) is exhibited. The Ras Amas (15°32′N, 39°35′E) is a low, rounded, coral
light structure is reported to be radar conspicuous. point; a shoal, with a least depth over it of 5 m, lies
A dangerous rock lies on the W side of this spit, 1 miles E of the point and can be identified by the
and an isolated shoal patch, with a least depth over discoloured water over it.
it of 11 m, lies in the fairway about 7 miles NNE 2 Between Ras Amas and Ras Malcatto (18 miles SSE) the
of the light, thence: land rises gently from the coast to Monte Ghedem (7.48)
8 NE of Ras Shakhs (5 mile ESE) a low and sandy point and other high land. The coastal plain in the vicinity of
which is inconspicuous as a flat plain extends from Monte Ghedem is dotted with small villages and affords
the point to the base of the hills which rise about pasture for sheep and cattle.
7 miles inland. Ras Shakhs should be approached 3 The ruins of Adulis, an ancient Greek city dating from
with caution due to the shoals which lie in its the third century BC, are situated on the left bank of a river
vicinity. A depth of 8⋅3 m lies 2 miles N of the about 16 miles S of Ras Amas. Zula, a modern village
point, and a depth of 4⋅8 m lies 2 miles ESE of the with a fort, lies about 1 mile SE of Adulis a short distance
point. The bottom is uneven. from the right bank of the river.
(Directions continue at 7.199) 4 In clear weather a good view of the mountains inland
may be obtained from the vicinity of Ras Malcatto (15°15′N,
Anchorage 39°43′E). Passes cleave through the mountains from N to S,
7.46 so that the ridges appear to rise one above another in
1 Anchorage, with reasonable shelter from SE winds, may succession. The country around Ras Malcatto appears green
be obtained within the small bay situated E of Ras Anrata but, on inspection, it will be seen to be a sandy plain,
(14°42′N, 40°58′E) in depths of 12⋅5 m, as shown on the intersected by dry water-courses and overgrown with plants
chart. and patches of coarse grass, which extends from the coast to
the mountains. A jetty projects from the shore immediately S
of Ras Malcatto.
ZULA BAHIR SELAT’ 5 A beacon stands at Al Fat (15°08′N, 39°41′E) which lies
about 7 miles S of Ras Malcatto; between these two
positions the coast is mostly fringed by mangroves.
General information
Arafali (15°05′N, 39°45′E) is a village, situated 10 miles
Chart 171 S of Ras Malcatto, which is a collection of huts at the mouth
Position of a valley. Three remarkable extinct craters stand close S of
7.47 the village.
1 Zula Bahir Selat’ is a gulf entered between Ras Amas 7.51
(15°32′N, 39°35′E) and Ras Corali (16 miles E); the inlet 1 East side of Zula Bahir Selat’
extends about 28 miles S between the mainland and Penisola Ras Artau (15°24′N, 39°47′E) forms the NW extremity of
di Buri (7.42). Penisola di Buri (7.42).
Alibarate, Macannile and Nasiracurra are three villages on
Principal marks the NW part of Penisola di Buri situated S of Ras Artau.
7.48 Monte Aleita (15°18′N, 39°47′E) stands about 5 miles S of
1 Landmarks: Ras Artau and appears wedge-shaped with the bluff toward
Monte Ghedem (15°25′N, 39°33′E), an isolated the NW, when in line with Dissei.
wooded mountain range which shows up well, and 2 The coast between Ras Nasiracurra (15°15′N, 39°48′E)
can be seen for up to 50 miles in clear weather. It is and Dolphin Cove (7 miles SSE) is fringed by a reef
irregular in shape and rounded, with several small extending up to 7 cables offshore.
peaks of nearly the same elevation as the summit,
which is a small pyramidal peak rising near the E Anchorage
side of the range and is prominent from the N. 7.52
2 Monte-Ja-Ilua (15°02′N, 39°49′E), which stands close 1 Anchorage may be obtained about 5 cables offshore, E of
S of the head of Zula Bahir Selat’ Ras Malcatto (15°15′N, 39°43′E), in depths of about 20 m,
Monte Dule (15°22′N, 39°56′E) is the summit of a mud.
range of hills which extends NNW from Monte Anchorage may also be obtained N of Arafali (15°05′N,
Dule. The peak is conical in shape and a good 39°45′E), in depths from 9 to 37 m, mud, noting the shoal,
landmark. Care should be taken not to mistake this with a least depth over it of 5 m, which lies close E.
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stands a beacon; in its NE part the island is composed of 2 During N winds anchorage may be obtained, as shown on
low coral. the chart, about 7 cables SE of the SE side of the island, but
Isolotto Laksu (15°13′N, 40°18′E) lies about 5 cables in approaching this anchorage berth the E extremity of the
NNE of the island and is connected to it by a reef which island must not be brought to bear more than 010°, so as to
may be crossed by boats. avoid the reef fringing the SE side of the island.
2 Isolotto Dergamman Seghr (7.44) and Isolotto
Dergamman Kebr are two islands on the SE side of an
unnamed bay, almost filled with reefs, which lies off the E Mersa Fatma
side of Howakil. Scoglio Nord Ovest and Scoglio Sud-Est
(not charted by name) are two above-water rocks, one of Description
which is 27 m in height, which lie in the S part of this bay, 7.82
about 5 cables off the SE corner of Howakil. 1 Mersa Fatma (14°55′N, 40°18′E) is a small inlet,
Dufare Islet lies 1 miles SW of the SW end of Howakil. encumbered by a reef, situated in the S part of Howakil Bay
7.78 (7.69).
1 Anchorage may be obtained in the entrance to the bay Acbaro Kebr and Acbaro Seghr are two small islets
on the E side of Howakil, with the summit of Howakil lying on the reef.
bearing 234°, and the E extremity of Isolotto Laksu bearing An abandoned settlement stands at the head of the inlet.
322°, in depths of about 18 m, mud, as shown on the chart.
This anchorage is not sheltered. Approach
7.83
Isolotto Debel Ali 1 The inlet may be approached from South Massawa
7.79 Channel (7.35) through the channel which lies between
1 Isolotto Debel Ali (15°05′N, 40°16′E) is an islet situated Isolotto Dergamman Kebr (7.77), Isolotto Debel Ali (7.79)
about 1 miles S of Howakil (7.77) to which it is connected and Isolotto Galdina on its NW side, and Baka (7.80) and
by a shallow bank. Umm es Seil, another islet, lies near the Isolotto Delesen on its SE.
SW end of a reef which extends about 1 miles SW of 2 The track continues through the dangers situated W of
Isolotto Debel Ali; Isolotto Galdina, a further islet, lies close Baka, passing E of Hedan Island (14°58′N, 40°13′E), then S
SSE. of Baka, then making the approach the anchorage berth,
That part of Howakil Bay (7.69) SW of Umm es Seil and situated about 8 cables from the head of the inlet, along the
Isolotto Galdina is encumbered with rocks and shoals. E side of the reef encumbering the inlet. It should be noted
Baka that a drying sandbank has encroached E of the reef onto the
7.80 approach track and the anchorage may not now be
1 Baka (15°01′N, 40°18′E) is a large island with a flat accessible. The anchorage is not marked on the chart.
summit situated in the S part of Howakil Bay (7.69); a 3 Local knowledge. No vessel should attempt this route
beacon stands in the N part of the island. without local knowledge.
Isolotto Delesen lies on a reef which extends about 7.84
4 miles NE from the N side of Baka. 1 Caution. The dangers S of Baka are only visible from a
2 Isolotto Abbaguba lies on the coastal reef about 4 miles E distance of about 1cables.
of Baka; Scoglio Tauanich, an above-water rock, stands on 7.85
the E side of a shallow bank which extends N from the 1 Landmarks:
coastal reef N of Isolotto Abbaguba. Monte Achelo (15°00′N, 40°09′E) (7.72).
A low sandy islet, of whitish colour and marked by a Monte Ghilifilli (14°55′N, 40°14′E) (7.72).
beacon on its E side, lies in mid-channel between Isolotto Monte Billoisin (14°53′N, 40°28′E).
Abbaguba and Baka; a detached coral patch lies about
3 miles N of the islet in the approaches to this channel. Anchorage
The coastal reef in this vicinity is visible at low water. 7.86
1 A good well sheltered anchorage may be obtained within
Umm es Sahrig the channel on the NW side of Isolotto Delesen (15°05′N,
7.81 40°20′E), as shown on the chart, in depths of about 10 m,
1 Umm es Sahrig (15°04′N, 40°30′E) lies on the SE side of sand and mud.
the entrance to Howakil Bay (7.69). Umm es Sahrig Light Anchorage for small vessels may still be possible about
(7.44) is exhibited from the NE part of the island. 8 cables from the head of Mersa Fatma and about 5 cables
Anchorage. A good anchorage during S winds may be offshore, but see 7.83.
obtained about 1 miles NW of the island, as shown on the Local knowledge is required for the use of both of these
chart, in depths of about 14 m, sand and mud. anchorages.
DAHLAK BANK
GENERAL INFORMATION Description
Charts 157, 164 7.88
Position 1 The islands on Dahlak Bank are principally composed of
7.87 coral and bordered by reefs. The channels between them
1 Dahlak Bank extends from Saunders Reef (17°11′N, have moderate depths and are encumbered with shoals.
39°24′E) to Seven Fathom Banks (180 miles SE) with its North East Channel (16°10′N, 39°55′E) (7.105) is the
outer edge lying between 30 and 80 miles offshore. only channel across the bank.
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(16°31′N, 40°10′E). A shoal, with a least depth over it of 2 Seil (16°02′N, 39°35′E) is a low and rocky islet, fringed
28⋅5 m, lies outside the charted 50 m depth contour, 7 miles by a reef, lying about 6 miles E of the S end of Harat; Seril
NNE of the detached shoal. Badira (1 miles SE) lies near the middle of an area of
Further shoals, best seen on the chart, lie over this part of reefs.
Dahlak Bank, E of Harmil, and may indicate that water, 3 Caution. The deep channel which lies between Harat
shallower than charted, lies over the whole of this area. (16°05′N, 39°28′E) and the islets and reefs which lie to the
7.99 E has not been fully surveyed. In 1972 a shoal, on which a
1 Shoals east of Ghabbi hu. A shoal (16°15′N, 40°34′E), ship grounded, was reported to exist 4 miles NE of the NE
with a least depth over it of 8⋅4 m, lies about 18 miles E end of Harat.
of Ghabbi hu.
A further shoal (16°09′N, 40°27′E), with a least depth of Cautions
4⋅8 m over it, lies 14 miles E of the E extremity of 7.104
Naheleg (7.95). A detached shoal area, with a least depth 1 See 7.89 and 7.90.
over it of 8⋅2 m, lies 22 miles ESE of the same point.
2 Further shoals and dangerous rocks, best seen on the
chart, lie in this vicinity and to the S of this area, and may North-East Channel
indicate that water, shallower than charted, lies over the Chart 164
whole of this area. General information
7.100
7.105
1 Caution. See 7.89 and 7.90.
1 Description. North-East Channel (16°10′N, 39°55′E)
forms the NE approach to the port of Massawa (7.141). The
channel leads across Dahlak Bank from a position in the
Dahlak Bank — west central part central part of the S end of the Red Sea.
North-East Channel is the only channel across Dahlak
Charts 164, 460 Bank.
Area 2 The channel is entered between Harmil (16°31′N,
7.101 40°10′E) and Entaentor (11 miles SSE); the track then leads
1 The west central part of Dahlak Bank, described in this N of Seil Anber (16°20′N, 40°00′E) and between that islet
sub-section, is the area lying W of a line joining the E and Isratu (5 miles W), thence close E of Enta-idell
extremities of Harmil (16°31′N, 40°10′E) and Dohul (16°08′N, 39°51′E) and about 1 miles E of Dohul
(48 miles SSW). (15°55′N, 39°38′E).
7.106
Description 1 Outer approaches. The bottom in the outer approach to
7.102 North-East Channel appears uneven and a number of isolated
1 Asbab (7.112), Seil Anber (7.112), Enta-idell (7.114), shoal patches exist.
Entufash (7.114), Umm Ali (7.115), Baradu (7.115), Dohul Two shoals, with least depths over them of 6⋅6 and 5⋅3 m,
(7.115) and Dohul Bahut (7.31) all lie in the west central lie on the N side of the approach to the channel, 16 miles
part of Dahlak Bank and are described at their cross and 18 miles, respectively, NE of the N end of Entaentor.
references. 2 A shoal, with a least depth over it of 8⋅4 m, lies on the S
2 Wusta (16°19′N, 39°49′E) and Seil Wusta (1 mile NE) lie side of the approach to the channel, 15 miles E of the N end
on a sand and coral bank W of Isratu. Seil Wusta is a rocky of Entaentor.
islet with a reef on its SE side. Wusta is an island composed Further shoal areas exist whose positions are best seen on
of coral and is rather high; a beacon stands in the middle of the chart. See 7.89 and 7.90.
the SE side of the island. A beacon stands on the SE edge 7.107
of a reef which extends 1 mile SE of Wusta. 1 Local knowledge. North-East Channel should only be
3 Tanam (16°18′N, 39°45′E) is a rather high island with a used by vessels with local knowledge.
small, but prominent peak; a beacon (4 m in height) stands 7.108
on the W side of the island. An unnamed islet lies close N 1 Depths. The depths throughout the channel are very
of Tanam on the same reef, which also extends about variable.
3 miles S. 7.109
Jerom (16°12′N, 39°46′E) is an islet situated near the 1 Other aids to navigation. Many of the beacons described
centre of a shoal which lies on the same bank as Tanam. in the following text, and shown on the charts, were erected
Kad Jerom, a small islet, lies about 4 miles SSW on a for a survey early in the last century and may now be
shoal bank. damaged or destroyed.
4 Kad-hu (16°21′N, 39°33′E) is a rather high island fringed The beacons on Seil Harmil (7.112) and Entaentor (7.112)
by a reef and a bank; a rocky islet lies about 1 miles W of are excellent marks. Asbab Islet (7.112) may be identified by
the island near the edge of the fringing reef. its beacon.
7.103 7.110
1 Malak (16°06′N, 39°35′E), Dahret (1 mile SE) and Abu 1 Current. In the vicinity of North-East Channel the
Sherayu (2 miles SE) are a group of islets situated about current usually sets SE during the winter and NW in the
7 miles E of Harat (16°05′N, 39°28′E). Malak is a low summer.
sandy islet standing on the S end of a rocky shoal and is 7.111
separated from Dahrat by a narrow channel. Dahret and Abu 1 Anchorages. Anchorage may be obtained, as shown on
Sherayu are two coral islets situated on the E side of a shoal the chart, in a depth of about 18 m about 1 mile W of the
bank; both islets are low and wooded. Durrum Seghir beacon standing on Entaentor (16°20′N, 40°14′E).
(1 miles S) is a patch of below-water rocky heads and one Anchorage is also available, as shown on the chart, about
above-water rock which lies at the W end of the shoal bank. 1 miles SW of the beacon which marks Seil Harmil
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(7.112), a sandbank on the reef which extends SSE from the 2 ESE of Isratu (9 miles NNW) one of the largest and
S side of Harmil (16°31′N, 40°10′E). highest islands on Dahlak Bank. The island is
2 Anchorage may also be obtained, as shown on the chart, composed principally of coral rock, and has some
in depths from 13 to 18 m about 1 mile WNW of Ras Haral small peaked hills which rise to a height of over
(7.113) the S extremity of a peninsula which extends S from 30 m. An inlet on the NE side of the island,
the S side of Isratu (16°20′N, 39°53′E). penetrates 1 mile inland. A beacon (concrete
pyramid, black and white stripes, rhomboid and
Directions rectangular topmark, 6 m in height) stands on the E
extremity of the island. Thence:
7.112
3 ESE of Ras Haral (7 miles NNW) the S extremity of
1 From a position about 10 miles ENE of the N end of
of a peninsula, marked by a beacon (pyramid, black
Entaentor (16°20′N, 40°14′E) the track leads through the N
and white stripes), which extends about 1 miles S
part of Dahlak Bank, passing (with positions given from the
from the S side of Isratu; a similar beacon stands
beacon standing on Seil Adasi (16°10′N, 39°56′E)):
about 5 cables WNW on the SW edge of the
N of the detached shoal (24 miles ENE), with a least
peninsula. Another beacon, 5 m in height, stands on
depth over it of 9⋅3 m, situated on the S side of the
a hill which rises from the middle of the SW side
outer entrance to the channel, thence:
of the island, and:
2 S of the shoal area (25 miles NE), with a least depth
4 WNW of the shoal spur (5 miles N), with a least depth
over it of 3⋅7 m, situated on the N side of the outer
over it of 3⋅2 m, which lies on the NW edge of a
entrance to the channel, thence:
shoal area extending about 4 miles NW of
N of Entaentor (20 miles ENE), a low island formed
Entvedul, thence:
by sand and coral on which bushes grow; the island
5 WNW of Seil Adasi which, together with Entvedul,
is bordered by a reef and bank with dangerous
Norah Adasi, Ashgar, Dahret, and Dhu-lalam, form
shoal depths over it. A beacon (red iron framework,
a group of islands and islets standing on a shallow
staff topmark, 15 m in height) stands on the N part
bank which extends NNW of Norah. Some of these
of the island. Thence:
islands and islets of the group are low and sandy,
3 N of the shoal area (19 miles NE), with a least depth
others are high and rocky with bushes growing on
over it of 3⋅6 m, which lies off the NW side of
them. A beacon (column of iron barrels, sphere
Entaentor, and the detached shoal, with a least depth
topmark, 5 m in height) stands on Seil Adasi.
over it of 2⋅6 m, which lies about 1 mile SW,
Thence:
thence:
4 S of Harmil (24 miles NNE) a low, wooded island
formed by sand and coral and fringed in places by Charts 164, 460
a reef; a number of dangerous rocks stand on the S 7.114
side of the sand and coral bank which surrounds the 1 From Seil Adasi to Entufash through Hommed Channel,
island; depths over the bank are very irregular. Seil passing (with positions given from the beacon on Seil Adasi
Harmil is a sandbank on the S edge of the reef (16°10′N, 39°56′E)):
which extends 1 mile SSE from the SE side of ESE of Enta-idell (5 miles WSW) a sandy and rocky
Hamil. A beacon (red iron framework, staff island. The island is bordered by a reef which on its
topmark, 15 m in height) marks the sandbank. E side extends only a short distance offshore and is
5 Romiya Islet, which lies 5 miles W of the island, and easily seen. A beacon (column of iron barrels, 3 m
Entaasnu, which is low and lies close W of the SW in height) stands on the W side of the island, and:
end of the island, are both formed of sand and coral 2 WNW of a detached shoal patch (5 miles SW) with a
and are wooded. Note the three shoal areas, with least depth over it of 5 m, which lies off the N end
depths of 7⋅9, 7⋅2 and 9⋅8 m over them, which lie of a shoal area with a least depth over it of 3⋅7 m.
on the N side of the fairway about 5 miles S of the When clear of Enta-idell, the line of bearing (033°),
S side of Harmil, thence: astern, of the beacon on the island, leads SSW,
6 SSE of Asbab (17 miles NNE) a low, coral islet with passing close WNW of a shoal patch, with a least
bushes growing on it; the islet stands on a bank and depth over it of 8⋅2 m, and thence into the N end of
is partially fringed by a reef. A beacon (concrete Hommed Channel. Thence:
pyramid, black and white bands, 6 m in height) 3 WNW of Hommed Ali and Hommed Nuuse (9 miles
stands on the islet, thence: SW) two high rocks standing on the N part of a
7 NNW of Hukale (13 miles NE) a low, sand and coral shoal, with a least depth over it of 2 m, thence:
islet on which bushes grow, and is bordered by a ESE of Entufash (13 miles SW) a low and sandy islet
reef and the shoal area, with a least depth over it of lying at the SW end of a shoal coral bank. A
3⋅8 m, which lies about 2 miles WSW of the islet. dangerous shoal area lies close W of Entufash over
Due to the bushes growing on it, Hukale is visible which there are least depths of 1⋅8 m. The shoals in
from a considerable distance. Thence: this vicinity are not easily seen due to the nature of
8 SSE of the isolated shoal patch (14 miles NNE) with the bottom. See 7.90. Thence:
a least depth over it of 3⋅5 m. This shoal can always 7.115
be identified by the light colour of the water over it, 1 From Entufash to the S end of North Massawa Channel
thence: (7.22), passing (with positions given from the beacon on Seil
WNW of Seil Anber (10 miles NNE) a wooded sandy Adasi (16°10′N, 39°56′E)):
islet fringed by a reef; In 1940 shoals were reported 2 WNW of Adbara Kebir (12 miles SSW) which is a
to lie 1 and 1 miles E of the islet, thence: good mark and together with Adbara Seghir,
7.113 Entoghodof and Kad Entoghodof form a group of
1 From Seil Anber to Seil Adasi, passing (with positions low sandy islets lying on a shallow rocky bank. A
given from the beacon on Seil Adasi (16°10′N, 39°56′E)): beacon (column of iron barrels, sphere topmark, 7 m
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in height) stands on Adbara Kebir. Kad Entoghodof Jmhl (15°45′N, 39°56′E) is a small tableland situated
is easily identified, as, although low, due to its in the middle of the W side of the island; a beacon
sandy formation it has a remarkable white stands on it.
appearance. Note the 9⋅2 m patch W of Adbara Jebel Im Ium (15°43′N, 40°02′E) rises from the NE
Kebir. Thence: shore of Gubbet Mus Nefit (7.129) and is
3 ESE of the shoal patch (14 miles SW), with a least surmounted by a beacon; seen from the SW it
depth over it of 5⋅0 m, which lies SSW of Entufash; appears as a wedge-shaped mound.
and the shoal patch, with a least depth over it of
9⋅2 m, which lies 1 mile farther SSW. Thence: North-east coast
4 WNW of a detached shoal patch (15 miles SSW) with 7.119
a least depth over it of 2⋅8 m, thence: 1 Description. Ras Antalo (15°53′N, 39°57′E) is the NW
ESE of Umm Ali (18 miles WSW), a low, sandy and extremity of Dehalak’ Dest.
bushy islet, which itself resembles a large bush Erwa (15°42′N, 40°11′E) is a moderately high coral
standing on a shallow coral reef; an islet also stands island, on which there are a few huts, situated off the middle
on the bank about 8 cables farther ESE. Thence: part of the NE coast of Dehalak’ Dest; Ras Erwa is its N
5 WNW of a shoal patch (18 miles SSW) with a least extremity, and a narrow boat channel lies on its E side. Tidal
depth over it of 6⋅0 m. The patch lies close W of a streams in the vicinity of Erwa can attain a considerable
rocky bank on which stand Eucus, Dalcus and velocity at times.
Dabanet, three small islets. The bank itself is Ras Shoke (15°34′N, 40°26′E), the SE extremity of
separated by a narrow channel from two further Dehalak’ Dest, is fronted to the E by a drying reef.
islets, Duliacus, and Dar Ottun which is low and
composed of sand and coral. Note the detached Charts 157, 164, 171
shoal patch, with a least depth over it of 10⋅6 m, Islands and dangers off north-east coast
which lies on the SE side of the fairway (19 miles
7.120
SW), thence:
1 A chain of islands, interspersed with dangerous rocks and
6 ESE of Dohul (23 miles SW) which is marked on its
shoals, extends E from the NE side of Dehalak’ Dest
SE corner by a beacon. Dohul, together with
(7.116).
Baradu, are two small islands which lie together on
Dergoman Seghir (15°53′N, 40°05′E) is a low and sandy
a shallow rocky bank. Baradu is sandy with some
island which lies off the N part of Dehalak’ Dest at the W
palms near its centre. Dohul is flat with a village
end of this chain of islands; Dergoman Kebir (2 miles SE) is
containing a square white mosque on its NW side; a
a high and rocky island, wooded in its SE part; Seil Sikan
grove of palms lies about 5 cables SE of the village;
(6 miles ESE) is a high, bare, coral islet.
a survey beacon (dark pyramid with a post
2 Sayin (15°49′N, 40°16′E) is a high, rocky islet
alongside) stands near the centre of the island and
surrounded by a fringing reef; a small islet lies near the W
shows up well from seaward, thence:
edge of this reef. Dahret Dulke (2 miles NNE) is a small
7 WNW of Dur Gaam (25 miles SSW) a sandy, coral
islet. Dha-n-nafarik (4 miles E) is a high and rocky island
islet fringed by a reef; the islet is wooded and
bordered by a rocky bank. Dhu-l-kuff (12 miles ENE) and
prominent. Dur Ghella, which lies 2 miles E, is a
Dhu-l-bia, 3 miles farther E, are both low, sandy islands, the
narrow wooded islet. Thence:
former has a few bushes growing on it.
8 Into the S end of North Massawa Channel, or to a
3 Seil Arabi (15°44′N, 40°18′E) is a high rocky islet of
position on the alignment of the leading lights in
coral formation lying near the E end of a spur of a coral reef
the approaches to Massawa.
extending E from the N end of Erwa; Yermalkau (5 miles
(Directions for North Massawa Channel are given at
ESE) is a small islet fringed by a shallow bank.
7.30, for South Massawa Channel at 7.42,
7.121
and for entry to Massawa at 7.175)
1 Gharib (15°47′N, 40°27′E) and Dhulakal (3 miles SE) are
low and sandy islets lying on a shallow, rocky bank; Senach
Dehalak’ Des t (5 miles SSE) is a small islet fringed by a coral reef.
Dhu Nishab (15°44′N, 40°34′E) is a low sandy islet,
Chart 164 mostly fringed by a reef. Rijyuma (4 miles ESE) is a low
Position island bordered by a reef; Raka, a low, sand and coral islet,
7.116 fringed by a reef, lies 1 mile farther E. Maharib (15°40′N,
1 Dehalak’ Dest (15°42′N, 40°05′E) is situated on the W 40°38′E) is low and fringed by a reef.
side of Dahlak Bank. 2 Segala (15°45′N, 40°45′E), known locally as Farcha, is a
low sandy island, bordered by a reef, situated on a shallow
Description rocky bank; tidal streams near the island are weak. Dehret
7.117 Segala (2 miles SSE) is a low, sandy, bushy islet fringed
1 The island, which is much indented, is composed of coral by a reef.
rock interspersed with patches of land affording a supply of 3 Darraka (15°36′N, 40°28′E) lies on a spur of the coastal
good grass during the rainy season. reef off the E side of Dehalak’ Dest; a small village is
For the most part, the island is low. situated on the islet. Darraka el Bahr (4 miles E) is a low
islet mostly fringed by a reef and bordered by a shallow
Principal marks bank; a beacon (position approximate) stands on its NE side.
7.118 7.122
1 Landmarks: 1 Umm en Nayim (15°34′N, 40°33′E) is an islet lying on
Jebel Kusum (15°48′N, 40°08′E) is a mound, the NW edge of a rocky reef which stands on a shallow
composed of coral, rising to a height of 24 m, near bank; a beacon stands on the islet. A further islet (1 mile E)
the middle of the NE side of the island. also lies on the reef. Howeit (2 miles SW) is an islet
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CHAPTER 7
partially fringed by a reef and standing on a bank; a beacon connects ntraya Dest to Nokra Dest in the vicinity of Ras
stands on the islet. Tarba.
2 Tor Island (15°36′N, 40°38′E) is a rocky islet made up of 2 Enteara (15°39′N, 39°54′E), which lies on the S side of
two distinct parts joined by a narrow neck of land, mostly the approaches to Ghubbet Mus Nefit (7.129), is a sandy
fringed by a reef. Mustamila (5 miles NE) is a sandy islet on islet whose white coast shows up well when the sun is
the W side of a detached reef. Zauber, known locally as shining.
Du-Barr, (9 miles ENE) is higher and sandy, and lies on the
W side of a reef which stands on a rocky bank that extends Anchorage
mainly to the N. 7.128
3 Hatitau (15°34′N, 40°42′E) is a high, rocky island with 1 Anchorage may be obtained, as shown on the chart, from
its E side fringed by a reef; Salima (4 miles E) is a higher close NW of Shab Raia (15°43′N, 39°51′E) to within
rocky island mostly fringed by a reef. 1 miles SE of Dur Ghella (4 miles NW) in various
Shab Ali (15°38′N, 40°54′E) is a rocky bank which depths, sand.
extends about 5 miles N and 2 miles E; care should be Anchorage may also be obtained within the channel
taken to avoid passing over this bank. which is about 7 cables wide that lies between the reef
fringing Enteara (15°39′N, 39°54′E) and the coastal reef;
Anchorage these reefs must be approached with caution.
7.123 2 There is an indifferent anchorage available, ESE of Shab
1 Vessels with local knowledge may obtain anchorage about Raia, in depths of about 10 m, with Cundabil (15°44′N,
5 cables off the NW side of Tor Island (15°36′N, 40°38′E) 39°53′E) bearing 031°, and the S extremity of ntraya Dest
in depths of about 9 m, as shown on the chart. (15°42′N, 39°55′E) bearing 121°. These anchorages are not
shown on the chart.
Caution
7.124 Charts 171, 460, 168 plan of entrance to Gubbet Mus Nefit
1 See 7.89 and 7.90. Gubbet Mus Nefit
7.129
Charts 460, 168 plan of entrance to Gubbet Mus Nefit 1 Description. Gubbet Mus Nefit is an inlet in Dehalak’
West coast Dest (7.116) entered between Ras Ar-Ar (15°43′⋅5N,
7.125 39°55′⋅4E) and Ras Bulul (2 miles SSE).
1 Description. Ghubbet Entatu, a large bay, is entered 2 Nokra Dest lies in the entrance to Gubbet Mus Nefit and
between Ras Antalo (15°53′N, 39°57′E), the NW extremity is composed principally of coral rock, but there are small
of Dehalak’ Dest (7.116), and Ras Dofueur (6 miles SSW). valleys and patches of grass with a few isolated palm trees; a
The bay is mostly fringed by a reef; the villages of Melill, village stands in the middle of the S side of the island. A
Aranat and Sed Daaf stand on its S shore. The village of beacon stands near the centre of the N part of the island,
Kunbeiba is situated at the head of the bay; a mosque stands about 7 cables S of the N extremity of the island.
close N of the village. The channel N of Nokra Dest is narrow and intricate.
2 Khor Melill (15°46′N, 40°00′E) is an inlet, mostly filled 7.130
by the coastal reef, which is entered from the SE corner of 1 Depths. The main entrance channel to Gubbet Mus Nefit,
Ghubbet Entatu. which lies S of Nokra Dest, has a least charted depth in the
Ras Malcomma (15°37′N, 39°58′E), the SW extremity of fairway of 9⋅8 m.
Dehalak’ Dest, is fringed by a reef which extends about Within the inlet depths are well in excess of 100 m.
2 miles NW and 1 miles W. Seil Bayus (4 cables WSW) 7.131
is a low, black, rocky islet which lies near the S edge of this 1 Tidal streams in the entrance to Gubbet Mus Nefit attain
reef. a rate of between 1 to 3 kn. Entry or departure from the inlet
should be made about 45 minutes before the time of high or
Islands and dangers off the west coast low water, when the tidal streams do not have a rate of more
7.126 than 1 kn and the stream is setting in the opposite direction
1 Dhu-rijrij (15°51′N, 39°50′E) is a low and wooded islet to which the vessel is intending to proceed.
standing on a reef situated about 7 miles WSW of the 7.132
entrance to Ghubbet Entatu (7.125). 1 Directions for entry.
Sarad (15°49′N, 39°55′E) is a moderately high, rocky Entry leading beacons:
islet which lies, together with a smaller islet close NE, near Front beacon (white pyramid, staff topmark)
the outer extremity of a rocky bank which extends about (15°42′⋅1N, 39°56′⋅4E).
5 miles NNW from Ras Dofueur, the S entrance point to Rear beacon (black pyramid, white stripe, white staff
Ghubbet Entatu; a beacon stands on the N side of Sarad. topmark) (4 cables from front beacon).
2 Dur Gaam (15°47′N, 39°45′E) (7.115) a coral islet; Dur From a position about 1 miles SSW of Ras Ilet
Ghella (2 miles E) (7.115) is a further coral islet. (15°41′⋅7N, 39°55′⋅9E), the S extremity of Nokra Dest, the
Shab Raia (15°43′N, 39°51′E) is a dangerous coral reef alignment (031°) of these leading beacons leads through the
which is nearly awash, in places, situated on the N side of first reach of the entrance channel, passing (with positions
the approaches to Ghubbet Mus Nefit (7.129). given from Ras Bulul (15°41′⋅8N, 39°56′⋅3E)):
7.127 2 WNW of a buoy (black and white stripes, triangular
1 Cundabil (15°44′N, 39°53′E) is a wooded islet lying at topmark, apex up) (4 cables SSW) marking the edge
the outer end of a rocky bank which extends about 1 mile of the shoal water, on the E side of the entrance,
NW from ndber Dest, a much indented coral islet. A which extends S from Ras Bulul, and:
beacon stands on the N side of Cundabil ESE of a beacon (position approximate) (5 cables
ntraya Dest (15°42′N, 39°55E) lies at the S end of this WSW) marking the edge of the shoal water on the
rocky bank, close S of ndber Dest from which it is W side of the channel which extends 2cables
separated by a narrow channel. A very shallow shoal bank SSW of Ras Ilet, thence:
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MASSAWA
General information Description
7.142
Chart 460 Approaches to Massawa and plan of Massawa 1 Massawa is situated on an island of the same name which
Harbour is connected by causeways to the mainland via Taulud Island
Position (15°36′N, 39°28′E). Both causeways are of stone and are
7.141 constructed over the adjoining reefs.
1 The port of Massawa (Mits’iwa) (15°37′N, 39°28′E) lies These two causeways are about 9 m wide and carry a
at the S end of the W side of the Red Sea. roadway, railway and a footpath. Strong SE winds cause a
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swell within the harbour which sometimes causes the Principal marks
causeways to be flooded. 7.152
1 Landmarks:
Function Jebel Karambura (15°42′N, 39°08′E) (Chart 164)
7.143 stands about 20 miles WNW of Massawa near the
1 Massawa is the principal port of Eritrea. In 1992 the NW end of a range of lower peaks which extends
population was about 40 000. SE. When the higher mountains farther inland are
7.144 visible this range appears insignificant, but it often
1 Trade. The principal exports are linseed, fruit and shows up well when the former are obscured and
vegetables, livestock, meat, oil cakes, hides, and salt. Jebel Karambura, being nearly isolated and of a
The principal imports are cotton and silk goods, building bold rounded form, makes a good landmark.
materials, petroleum products, and provisions. 7.153
1 The following landmarks which lie within, or near the
Topography harbour, are reported conspicuous:
7.145 The two chimneys, part of the cement works situated
1 Massawa is entered between the SE extremity of Abd el on the N side of Khr Dakliyat (7.186), which
Kader Peninsula (15°37′⋅5N, 39°28′⋅5E), which extends stand about 2 cables W of Ras Dogon (15°38′⋅5N,
about 1 mile E from the coast and forms the S side of Khr 39°28′⋅7E). These chimneys are usually one of the
Dakliyat (7.186) and the N side of Gherar Bay (7.174), and first landmarks sighted when making Massawa.
Ras Mudur (15°36′⋅6N, 39°28′⋅9E) the E extremity of 2 The water-tower standing 1cables W of Ras Mudur
Massawa Island. (15°36′⋅6N, 39°28′⋅9E).
2 Gherar Peninsula (15°36′⋅9N, 39°28′⋅2E) extends about Sheikh Said Island (15°35′⋅6N, 39°28′⋅7E), a sandy
6 cables E from the shore, close S of Abd el Kader island covered with mangroves, situated on the W
Peninsula, and forms the N side of the inner part of the part of an extensive drying reef on the S side of
harbour and the SW side of Gherar Bay. Massawa; a ruined jetty extends from the W side of
Taulud Island (15°36′⋅3N, 39°27′⋅9E) forms the SW side the island.
of the harbour and the SE side of Taulud Bay. 7.154
The peninsulas and the islands, are connected with each 1 Other marks of navigational significance:
other, and the mainland, by drying reefs. The Governor’s palace, a white building with a dome
standing 7 cables W of Ras Mudur (15°36′⋅6N,
Port limits 39°28′⋅9E). In 1994 the palace was reported
7.146 damaged.
1 As shown on the chart, the harbour limits are bounded by A naval signal station, white building with tower radio
lines extending E from the coast from the vicinity of Ras el mast close by, stands at the root of the North Arm
Garara (15°39′N, 39°29′E), and from a position in the of the breakwater (15°37′⋅1N, 39°28′⋅8E).
vicinity of 15°35′N, 39°27′E which lies on the coast on the 2 The port signal station consisting of a small
S side of Harggo Bahir Selat’ 7.190), to the meridian of observation tower and signal mast stands on top of
39°30′E. the port office which is situated near the NE corner
of Massawa Island.
Approach and entry Red and white tower (15°36′⋅5N, 39°28′⋅3E) which
7.147 stands near the post office.
1 The approach from seaward is either through North A white minaret standing about 4 cables WSW of Ras
Massawa Channel (7.22) or South Massawa Channel (7.35). Mudur.
Entry is made on the line of the leading lights which
leads through the harbour entrance. Limiting conditions
Traffic Controlling depth
7.148 7.155
1 In 2003 the port was visited by a total of 278 vessels. 1 The harbour will accept vessels up to a draught of 8⋅8 m.
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Signals
Arrival information 7.172
1 By day the following International Code flag signals are
Caution flown, and by night the following light signals are displayed
7.163 from the signal station:−
1 Navigational aids are unreliable. They may be unlit, out
of position, or missing.
Port operations
7.164
1 Only one vessel at a time may manoeuvre within the
harbour.
Port radio
7.165
1 There is a port radio at Massawa which is reported to
normally operate between 0700 and 1800.
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
Signals, Volume 6 (3).
Notice of ETA
7.166
1 Vessels should notify their ETA 72, 48 and 24 hours in
advance of their arrival.
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
Signals, Volume 6 (3).
Outer anchorage
7.167
1 If advised to anchor by the port authorities then
anchorage, with good holding, may be obtained, as shown
on the chart, between 8 cables and 1 mile ENE of Ras
Mudur (15°36′⋅6N, 39°28′⋅9E) in about 32 m, mud.
Caution. Foul ground has been reported N of the
entrance leading line.
7.168
1 Prohibited anchorage. An area, as shown on the chart,
in which anchorage is prohibited lies across the entrance to
Khr Dakliyat (7.186). International Code flag signals (7.172)
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CHAPTER 7
2 A post (concrete, 1 m in height) stands about 4cables 3 No 10 Buoy (white conical) is moored, about 3 cables
SE of the S end of Taulud Island (15°36′N, 39°28′E), on a NW of the S end of Taulud Island, marking the S side of an
shallow shoal area off the coral reef; a buoy (conical) is area of detached coral reef at the head of the anchorage. A
moored close SW of this shoal area. stranded wreck, the position of which is approximate, lies
A buoy (white conical) marks the S side of an area of close S of a pier which extends about 1 cable SSE of the
shoal water, with a least depth over it of 5⋅9 m, which lies head of the bay.
about 8cables S of the S end of Taulud Island. 7.194
7.193 1 Prohibited anchorage. An area, as shown on the chart,
1 Anchorage. The anchorage is entered between the S end in which anchorage is prohibited, lies between Sheikh Said
of Taulud Island (15°36′N, 39°28′E) and a point on the Island (15°35′⋅6N, 39°28′⋅7E) and Massawa Island (6 cables
mainland shore 1 miles SW. NNW).
2 The two anchor berths, as shown on the chart, lie 2 cables 7.195
W, and 4 cables WSW of the S end of Taulud Island, within 1 Anchorage may also be obtained off the head of the bay,
an area of detached shoals and a detached reef. Anchorage as shown on the chart, about 5 cables NW of the head of
may be obtained in depths of about 11⋅7 m, mud. Harggo village pier, in depths of 15 m, mud.
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least depth over it of 8 m, which extends 1 mile SW the SE end of the islet. Thence:−
from the SW end of the island and for a similar 7 NE of Ras Rachmat (13°38′N, 42°14′E) which forms
distance on its NW side. Sadla (7.269) lies 2 miles the NE elbow of the Cabija Peninsula (7.273),
W on the coastal bank, thence: thence:
4 NE of Sl bayil Dest (13°51′N, 42°02′E), a rock NE of a wreck (13°37′N, 42°25′E) (position
rising to a height of 18 m, and fringed by a bank, approximate) with a safe clearance depth over it of
with a least depth over it of 17 m, which extends 15 m, thence:
about 8 cables W, thence: SW of South West Rocks (13°38′N, 42°36′E) (4.17).
5 NE of Fanaadir Islands (13°45′N, 42°10′E) which See caution at 4.7. Thence:
consist of North-east Fanaadir, North-west Fanaadir SSW of South West Haycock (13°32′N, 42°36′E)
and South Fanaadir, three white rocky islets which (4.18). See caution at 4.7.
lie about 5 miles NE of Ras Bungen ye Midir Zerf (Directions continue at 4.18)
Ch’af (7.269). Fanaadir Rock, a drying rock, lies
3 miles ENE of Ras Bungen ye Midir Zerf Ch’af Anchorage
and is generally visible; depths of less than 10 m lie 7.201
close to the rock. Thence: 1 Anchorage may be obtained, as shown on the chart, about
6 NE of Tekay Dest (13°40′N, 42°13′E) the SE 1 mile SW of Kordumu’t Dest (14°06′N, 41°40′E) (7.199)
entrance point to Bera’isol Bahir Selat’ (7.272) A in a depth of about 26 m. This berth is not sheltered from
pillar stands on the summit of Tekay Dest which the wind and should only be used during periods of calm
rises to a height of 68 m; an isolated hillock rises at weather.
SEB
General information Approach and entry
7.208
Chart 1926 1 The approach to the pilot station, which is made from N,
Position leads S initially from a position about 5 miles NW of
7.202 Fieramosca Shoal (13°07′N, 42°51′E) (4.18), for about
1 The port of seb (13°00′N, 42°45′E) is situated on the W 10 miles, passing clear of Bosanquet Shoal (13°05′N,
side of the Red Sea close within its S entrance. 42°47′E) (7.234) and the shoal, with a least depth over it of
8⋅4 m, which lies 1 miles NW.
Description Entry is made through the N part of Mrgbla Channel
7.203 (7.252) which lies on the W side of the entrance to seb
1 seb is the only town in this area and is one of the Bay, passing between Ras Loma (13°02′N, 42°44′E) and
principal ports of Eritrea. Umm-al-Sciora (4 miles SE).
The port area mostly lies S of Ras Buja (13°00′⋅6N,
42°44′⋅9E) and consists of a number of white buildings and Traffic
huts. 7.209
1 In 1995 the port was visited by a total of 107 vessels.
Function
7.204 Port Authority
1 The port of seb is the second port, after Massawa, of 7.210
Eritrea. The port mainly serves Ethiopia with approximately 1 The harbour is administered by the seb Port Authority,
95% of the cargo handled being bound for that country. PO Box 58, seb, Eritrea.
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Deepest and longest berths and Ras Caribale (1 miles S), as shown on the chart.
7.214 Vessels may be permitted to anchor within this prohibited
1 The longest alongside berths are No 1 and No 7 Berths area on instructions from the pilot.
with lengths of 185 m. Anchorage is also prohibited N of a line, as shown on the
The deepest alongside berth is No 1 Berth with a depth chart, from Ras Loma (13°02′N, 42°44′E) and the NW
alongside of 10⋅4 m. See 7.233. extremity of Fatuma Dest (6 miles E).
7.225
Tidal levels 1 Quarantine anchorage. The quarantine anchorage, as
7.215 shown on the chart, is centred about 1 mile E of Ras Buja.
1 The tidal rise at seb is negligible; the diurnal range is
about 0⋅5 m. Pilotage
7.226
Density of water 1 Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 100 nrt and is
7.216 available 24 hours in the commercial port, and between
1 Density 1⋅030 g/cm3. 0600 hours and 1800 hours local time in the Oil Harbour.
The pilot boards, as shown on the chart, about 7 cables E
Maximum size of vessel handled of Ras Buja (13°00′⋅6N, 42°44′⋅9E).
7.217 The pilots boards from a grey launch with white
1 It is reported that the commercial port can handle vessels upper-works.
up to 26 000 dwt, 210 m in length, 24 m beam and 10⋅3 m
draught. Tugs
7.227
Local weather 1 Tugs are available.
7.218 A tug is compulsory for all vessels over 300 grt.
1 During the summer, from May to September, the climate
is particularly unpleasant being hot and humid though there Regulations
is generally a N breeze between 8 o’clock in the morning 7.228
and 8 o’clock in the evening which affords some relief. 1 Main engines must not be immobilised without the
From October to April winds of between 11 kn and 27 kn permission of the port manager.
blow continuously from the SE, ceasing only for short Refuse must not be discharged overboard.
periods at dawn and dusk. The higher wind speeds during Landing from ships boats on the off-lying islands is
these winter months are mainly experienced between strictly prohibited; boats approaching these islands may be
December and February. fired on without warning.
7.219 Special regulations are in force for vessels carrying
1 Climatic table. See 1.275 and 1.282. dangerous cargoes.
Quarantine regulations
Arrival information 7.229
Depths 1 Vessels with an infection on board should inform the port
health officer by radio and anchor within the quarantine
7.220
anchorage (7.225).
1 Caution. Mariners are advised to proceed with caution
when navigating within the whole area of seb Bay. The Pratique is not granted by radio but usually granted after
the vessel has berthed. Occasionally it may be granted at the
area is inadequately surveyed and uncharted shoals may
anchorage.
exist, especially off the reef edges.
Signals
Port radio
7.230
7.221
1 By day the following signals are shown, and, by night the
1 There is a port radio at seb which can be used by
following light signals are displayed from the signal station
vessels to contact their agents in the port.
situated 1 cable SSW of Ras Buja (13°00′⋅6N, 42°44′⋅9E):
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
Signals, Volume 6 (3).
Notice of ETA
7.222
1 Vessels should notify their ETA 72, 48 and 24 hours in
advance of their arrival.
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
Signals, Volume 6 (3).
Outer anchorage
7.223
1 A good sheltered anchorage may be obtained in seb International Code flag signals (7.230)
Bay, SW of Umm-al Assal (12°56′N, 42°50′E), in depths
from 7⋅7 to 11 m, sand.
Harbour
Another good anchorage berth lies about 1 mile offshore
E of the village of Mrgbla (12°54′N, 42°45′E). General layout
7.224 7.231
1 Prohibited anchorage. Anchorage is prohibited in the 1 A detached breakwater, about 4 cables long, is situated
area E of the port, between Ras Buja (13°00′⋅6N, 42°44′⋅9E) close SE of the harbour. A light is exhibited from the N end
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of the breakwater (white round tower, red bands); a light is 1 miles N of Ras Degay. A narrow channel lies
also exhibited from the S end (white round tower, green between the point and the coral bank, thence:
bands). 3 E of Ras Loma (1 mile NNW) the W entrance point to
North Jetty extends 3 cables SSE from the shore close S seb Bay, thence:
of Ras Buja; a light (white round tower, green bands) is E of Ras Gombo Light (7.211), and Ras Gombo which
exhibited from the SE extremity of the jetty. A small islet, lies 2 cables S of the light. Thence:
surrounded by shoal water, lies on the E side of the jetty To the pilot boarding position (7.226).
about 1 cable N of the light.
2 South Jetty lies 1cables SW of North Jetty and extends Berths
a similar distance from the shore; a Ro-Ro berth is situated
at the head of South Jetty. Commercial port
A small boat harbour lies close W of the W side of the 7.235
root of South Jetty. 1 North Jetty consists of a line of 3 berths, numbered 1, 2
Lighter moorings are laid close SW of South Jetty. and 3, from their outer end which lies along the inner side
3 An Oil Terminal consisting of a submarine oil pipeline, of North Jetty. Vessels are usually berthed heading SE.
which extends 6 cables ENE from the shore and marked at 7.236
its outer end by a buoy (pillar), and four mooring buoys, lies 1 South Jetty consists of a line of 5 berths, numbered 4, 5,
about 4 cables S of the SSW end of the detached breakwater. 6, 7 and 7A, from their inner end which lies along the inner
Coastal Tanker Jetty projects about 2 cables ENE from the side of South Jetty. Vessels are usually berthed heading SE.
shore close NW of Ras Caribale (13°59′⋅0N, 42°44′⋅5E). Berth 7A can accommodate Ro-Ro vessels.
An Oil Products Berth, which consists of a jetty with a 7.237
large concrete hut standing at its head, projects 2 cables SE 1 Oil Terminal is a sea berth, comprising 4 mooring buoys
from a position 1 cable S of Ras Caribale. laid at the head of a submarine oil pipeline, situated about
4 A disused salt loading terminal, connected to the shore 4 cables S of the SSW end of the detached breakwater.
SW by an aerial ropeway, lies 5 cables S of Ras Caribale. In The berth can handle tankers up to 185 m length, 11⋅6 m
1982 its condition was reported to be deteriorating rapidly. draught and up to 35 000 dwt.
Approach. Note the two detached shoal areas, with least
Landmarks depths over them of 7⋅6 m (position approximate) and 9⋅6 m,
7.232 which lie E of the oil terminal close off the main area of
1 A conspicuous church, with three domes about 30 m shoal water off Umm-l-Bahar Dest (12°58′N, 42°46′E)
high, stands 1 miles S of Ras Loma (13°02′N, (7.251).
42°44′E). A prominent white two-storey building, 7.238
with a large square tower, stands N of this church; a 1 Coastal Tanker Jetty is a berth, with two mooring
prominent white single-storey building stands S buoys, at the head of a jetty which lies close NW of Ras
of it. Caribale (13°59′⋅0N, 42°44′⋅5E).
2 Several ruined buildings stand on Ras Caribale The berth can handle tankers up to 105 m length and 9 m
(13°59′⋅0N, 42°44′⋅5E). An oil flare (position draught for the loading or discharging of clean products.
approximate) situated about 1 mile W of the point is 7.239
reported to be visible at a distance of at least 1 Oil Products Berth consists of a jetty about 1 cable S of
20 miles. Ras Caribale; mooring dolphins lie close NE and SW of its
head.
Harbour depths The berth can handle tankers up to 183 m length, 8⋅5 m
7.233 draught, and up to 18 000 dwt.
1 Alongside depths are reported to be less than charted. The Tankers berth with their bows S, both anchors down, and
10 m patch off the S end of North Jetty has been caused by secured aft to the two dolphins with their sterns about 60 m
concrete crumbling from the jetty. from the head of the jetty.
In 1998, as shown on the chart, less water than charted In 1995 the jetty was reported to be in poor condition.
was reported in the S part of the harbour W of 2 Caution. A shoal rock, with a least depth over it of
Umm-l-Bahar Dest (12°58′N, 42°46′E) (7.251). 9⋅1 m, lies about 2cables SE of the berth; foul ground lies
The port authorities should be contacted for the latest about 2cables ESE of the head of the jetty; an obstruction,
information. the depth over which unknown, lies 4 cables E.
Current. The current at the berth is reported to set SW at
kn during the summer, and N at 1 kn during the winter.
Directions for entering harbour
7.234
1 From a position about 7 miles NW of Fieramosca Shoal Port services
(13°07′N, 42°51′E), the track leads S to the pilot boarding Repairs
position, passing (with positions given from Ras Gombo 7.240
Light (13°01′⋅4N, 42°44′⋅9E)): 1 Minor repairs.
W of Fieramosca Shoal (4.18), thence:
W of the detached shoal (5 miles NNE) with a least Other facilities
depth over it of 8⋅4 m, thence: 7.241
2 W of Bosanquet Shoal (4 miles NE) which is 1 Mobile cranes up to 60 tonnes capacity; hospital; oily
composed of sand and broken shells. The position waste reception; Deratting Exemption Certificates.
of the shoal is indicated by discoloured water.
Thence: Supplies
E of Sanahor Dest (4 miles NNW) a prominent islet 7.242
lying on a shallow coral bank situated about 1 Fuel oil; fresh water; fresh provisions in small quantities.
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222
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NOTES
223
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ISRAEL
12 8.81
Eilat
El 'Aqaba
30' 8.120 J O R DA N 30'
801
801
801 El 'Aqaba Industrial Port
8.167
EG YPT
29° 29°
Nuweiba el Muzeina
8. 5 5
S AU D I
ARABIA
801
k
r ta
Fa
’s
Ra
n
2375
Tira¯
28° 28°
it of
8.40
Stra
-
Tiran
801
2132
Sharm el
Sheikh
8. 8
Râs Muhammad
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CHAPTER 8
RED SEA — NORTH PART — THE SOUTH−EAST COAST OF
THE SINAI PENINSULA FROM RÂS MUHAMMAD TO RÂS NURÂNI
AND THE GULF OF ‘AQABA
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chart 12 2 The Gulf of ‘Aqaba, which is entered between Râs
Scope of the chapter Nurâni (27°58′N, 34°25′E) and Ra’s Qibah (11 miles
8.1 ENE), extends about 100 miles NNE to the ports of El
1 This chapter describes the N part of the Red Sea from ‘Aqaba and Eilat, both of which are situated at its head. The
Râs Muhammad (27°44′N, 34°15′E) to Râs Nurâni gulf has a maximum width of 15 miles between shores that
(27°58′N, 34°25′E) (17 miles NNE), the Strait of Trn are mostly steep-to.
(27°59′N, 34°28′E) and the Gulf of ‘Aqaba including the 3 The physical structure of the gulf is a continuation S of
ports of El ‘Aqaba (29°31′N, 35°00′E) (8.120) and Eilat Wdi al ‘Araba, a sandy valley flanked by high mountains,
(29°33′N, 34°57′E) (8.81). through which flows the River Jordan and in which lies the
Dead Sea (31°30′N, 35°30′E).
Topography
8.2
1 Between Râs Muhammad (3.42) and Râs Nurâni the
coast is high and precipitous.
Directions
Protected area (continued from 3.42)
8.5 8.8
1 The coral reefs surrounding the Egyptian Coast between 1 From a position clear of the S end of the S bound lane of
Râs Muhammad (27°44′N, 34°15′E) and Râs Nurâni the Gulf of Suez TSS the track leads NNE, passing (with
(27°58′N, 34°25′E) have been declared protected areas. positions given from Râs Muhammad (27°44′N, 34°15′E)):
The use of anchors on, or adjacent to, protected coral ESE of Beacon Rock (6 miles W) (3.42) from which
reefs is prohibited except in cases of emergency or force Beacon Rock Light is exhibited, thence:
majeure. 2 ESE of Râs Muhammad (3.42) from which Râs
2 Moorings have been laid as described in Appendix III and Muhammad Light (3.35) is exhibited, thence:
its accompanying chartlets. ESE of Râs Umm Sidd, a point on the N side of the
No anchoring is allowed in this S part of the Sinai approaches to Sharm el Sheikh (8.9) and from
Peninsula without clearance from the authorities at the which Râs Umm Sidd Light (8.7) is exhibited,
customs pier in Sharm el Sheikh (8.9). thence:
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CHAPTER 8
WNW of Johnson Point (3 miles N) which is low, distance offshore from both the E and W entrance points to
flat and consists of sand and dead coral; elsewhere this bight but the shore, at the head of the bight, is steep-to
in this locality there are low, undercut, coral cliffs. and sandy.
Thence: A prominent hump, 177 m high, situated about 7 cables
7 ESE of Jackson Reef Light (red GRP tower, 5 m high, WSW of Champlain Point bearing 342°, leads into the
synchronised with Johnson Point West Light) anchorage from seaward.
(4 miles NNW) which is exhibited from the E side 2 Anchorage may be obtained about 3 cables offshore in a
of Jackson Reef. A stranded wreck lies on the N depth of 22 m, sand and coral, with the W entrance point in
edge of the reef 2 cables NNW of Jackson Reef line with the S extremity of Trn Island bearing 268°. The
Light, thence: holding ground is good, making this the best and most
WNW of Johnson Point North West Light (white GRP sheltered anchorage in this vicinity, especially from N winds.
tower, green top, 6 m high) (4 miles NNW) which It was reported a number of years ago that there were
is exhibited from the edge of the reef, thence: depths of not less than 9 m within 1 cables of the shore.
Into the S end of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba (8.48). Small vessels may also obtain anchorage E of Champlain
(Directions continue at 8.55) Point, as shown on the chart, over sand and coral.
Caution. See protected area (8.26).
Marsa Shabir
Jaz rat an f r
Chart 801 plan of Strait of Tiran
Chart 12
Description Description
8.41
8.45
1 Marsa Shabir (27°59′⋅7N, 34°29′⋅6E) is an opening within
1 Jazrat anfr (27°56′N, 34°42′E) is an uninhabited
the coastal reef that surrounds the N part of Trn Island
island separated from the SE extremity of Trn Island (8.31)
(8.31), S of Johnson Point (28°00′⋅0N, 34°29′⋅7E).
by a passage about 1 miles wide.
8.42
Numerous limestone hills, with jagged peaks, rise to
1 Anchorage is obtainable by small vessels within Marsa
heights of about 100 m near the SE extremity of the island.
Shabir about 4 cables S of Johnson Point (8.40), as shown
A hill, 43 m high, stands about 3 cables E of Râs anfr the
on the chart. The anchorage is well sheltered from the N and
SW extremity of the W part of the island.
W, but the anchorage (8.44) situated W of Champlain Point
2 The W side of the island is fringed with patches of coral
is better and more sheltered.
reef.
The anchorage is approached from the S, a route which is
Several dangerous coral reefs, whose positions are
encumbered with coral patches, but, for the most part, with
doubtful, lie up to 7 miles off the NE coast of the island.
the sun astern, they are visible. To some extent, these patches
8.46
shelter the anchorage from the S.
1 Tidal streams. A number of years ago it was reported
2 A good anchorage berth may be obtained in a depth of
that the tidal streams in the passage between Trn Island
12 m, sand and clay, with the NW extremity of Johnson
(8.31) and Jazrat anfr set N with the in-going stream and
Point (28°00′⋅0N, 34°29′⋅7E) bearing 009°, 4 cables
S with the out-going stream.
distant, where there is about 240 m of swinging room
8.47
outside the 10 m depth contour.
1 Anchorage may be obtained by small vessels in the bay,
3 Small vessels may also obtain anchorage, over a sand
entered 1 miles E of Râs anfr, in depths of 12⋅8 m,
bottom, within the unnamed lagoon which lies about
sand. The entrance channel between the reefs which extend
7 cables NNW of Johnson Point and is entered S of Johnson
from both sides of the entrance is narrow; the anchorage is
Point North West Light (28°01′N, 34°29′E) (8.40). The
exposed to S winds.
lagoon has a least depth of about 9⋅1 m between the reefs on
Local knowledge is required for the use of this
either side of the entrance, but depths increase to between
anchorage.
12 m to 15 m once inside the inlet; a shoal patch, with a
least depth over it of 2⋅7 m, lies in the central part of the
lagoon. GULF OF ‘AQABA
Caution. See protected area (8.26).
General information
South and east side of T r n Island Chart 12
Route
Charts 12, 2375 8.48
Description 1 The route described in this sub-section extends from a
8.43 position clear of the N end of the N bound lane of the Strait
1 Between Champlain Point (27°56′N, 34°37′E), the SE of Trn TSS, NW of Johnson Point North West Light
extremity of Trn Island (8.31), and Arab Point (1 miles (28°01′N, 34°29′E), about 93 miles NNE to a position at the
NW), on which stand some black rocks that show up well head of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba in the vicinity of the various
against the yellow background, then a further mile NW to pilot boarding stations for El ‘Aqaba (8.120) and Eilat
Eagle Rocks (27°57′⋅3N, 34°35′⋅1E), which lie about (8.81).
1 cables offshore, the coast is a sloping sandy beach
fringed by a reef. Topography
Foul Bay (27°59′N, 34°32′E) lies E of the isthmus 8.49
connecting the two parts of Trn Island. 1 The coast on the W side of the entrance to the gulf,
8.44 between Nabq (28°05′N, 34°25′E) and El Kurâ (25 miles
1 Anchorage for small vessels may be obtained in a bight NNE), is fringed by a white reef, which is usually covered
W of Champlain Point. The coastal reef extends some but the sea breaks over its outer edge. This reef renders
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CHAPTER 8
approach to the shore dangerous, even for boats. Outside the 2 ESE of the stranded wreck (28°03′⋅6N, 34°26′⋅7E)
reef the water, due to its great depth, is of an intensely blue which lies between two other stranded wrecks, on
colour. the coastal reef close SE of Al Fawz and from
2 On the E side of the entrance, between Ra’s Qibah which a light (black beacon, yellow band, E
(28°02′N, 34°37′E) the E entrance point to the gulf and Ra’s cardinal topmark) is exhibited. The edge of the
Fartak (4 miles NNW), the coast is fringed by an indented coastal reef in this vicinity is only a few metres
reef. Some above-water and some dangerous below-water wide and a lagoon is formed within it; in rough
rocks lie on the coral reef, which extends from the N side of weather the sea breaks over the reef. In calm
Trn Island (8.31), between 1 and 3 miles SW of Ra’s weather numerous rocks, coral heads, and overfalls
Fartak. have been observed, thence:
3 WNW of Ra’s Fartak (28°05′⋅2N, 34°34′⋅4E) and Ra’s
ash Shaykh Humayd (5 cables NNW) both of which
Hazards lie at the SW end of a short peninsula; a
8.50 conspicuous radio mast (position approximate)
1 Mariners are warned that navigational hazards not located stands about 5 cables ENE of Ra’s Fartak. Thence:
during survey work will exist along most of the offshore 4 ESE of Wâdi Kid Light (black round GRP tower,
coastal area of the E side of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba, especially yellow band, 9 m high, racon, visible 192°−293°)
in shallow coral waters. (28°10′⋅3N, 34°26′⋅9E) which is exhibited from a
See note and source data diagram on British Admiralty position on the coast 5 miles SSE of Râs Atantûr. A
Chart 12. stranded wreck (radar conspicuous) lies on the edge
of the coastal reef about 1 mile N of the light.
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CHAPTER 8
umay
ah lies at the head of a small bay 2 miles 2 Small vessels may anchor in depths of about 22 m, in a
NE of the island. Thence: good holding ground with good shelter, with the W
7 To the various pilot boarding positions which serve the extremity of the low, sandy spit bearing about 232°, distant
berths and terminals of the ports of El ‘Aqaba 140 m, but care should be taken to avoid a bank, with a
(8.120) and Eilat (8.81). least depth over it of 2⋅1 m, which extends about 90 m W
and NW of the extremity of the spit.
Inlets, bays and other prominent features 3 Small vessels may also obtain anchorage SW of Râs Abu
Galûm (28°37′N, 24°34′E) (8.56). Local knowledge is
Caution required for the use of this anchorage.
8.57 Mooring buoys are laid W of the E end of the low,
1 Protected areas. See 8.26 for information regarding the sandy spit.
protection of the coral reefs which lie off the Egyptian Caution. See protected area (8.26).
shores of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba.
Nuweiba ‘el Muzeina
Chart 801 plan of approaches to Strait of Tiran 8.64
Nabq 1 Description. Nuweiba ‘el Muzeina (28°58′N, 34°40′E)
8.58 extends along the NW side of a cove situated about 2 miles
1 Description. Nabq (28°05′N, 34°26′E) is a village which SW of El Qarnûs (8.56). There is a quay, with three berths,
stands in the N part of a bight situated on the W side of the which has alongside depths of up to 8 m; Ro-Ro ferries
the Gulf of ‘Aqaba, close within the N entrance to the Strait maintain a frequent service with El ‘Aqaba (8.120).
of Trn (8.29). A good, sandy beach, sheltered from N winds is situated
A bay, with depths from 3 to 5 m, is formed within the at the E end of Nuweiba ‘el Muzeina; below-water rocks
coastal reef about 1 mile SSE of Nabq village, close NW of border the coast for 1 mile SW of the beach.
Al Fawz (8.55). 2 A fort stands about 1 miles NNW of Wâsi (29°02′N,
34°40′E), close S of Nuweiba ‘el Tarabîn. The fort is not
Chart 12 visible from the S if close inshore, but it is otherwise visible
Sharm Mujawwan farther offshore from a distance of some 5 miles.
8.59 A conspicuous hotel stands near the coast approximately
1 Description. Sharm Mujawwan (28°10′N, 34°37′E) is a halfway between the port of Nuweiba ‘el Muzeina and El
cove entered about 6 miles NNE of Ra’s Fartak (8.55); a Qarnûs; a conspicuous pyramid-shaped customs hall stands
sandspit lies in the centre of the cove. within the port area.
The water within the cove is discoloured; the entrance 3 Facilities. Nuweiba ‘el Muzeina is a port of entry for
channel should be sounded before entering. traffic from El ‘Aqaba only.
8.60 A tug is stationed at the port.
1 Anchorage may be obtained by small vessels within the 8.65
cove in depths of about 4⋅6 m. 1 Anchorage, which is well sheltered from N winds, may
Local knowledge is required for the use of this be obtained off Nuweiba ‘el Muzeina in depths of about
anchorage. 12 m to 14 m, sand and coral. Care must be taken to avoid
several dangerous coral reefs which lie in the W part of the
Sharm Dabbah roadstead.
8.61 This anchorage is not good during periods of S winds as
1 Description. Sharm Dabbah (28°15′N, 34°40′E) is a cove there is insufficient swinging room and the bottom shelves
entered about 11 miles NNE of Ra’s Fartak (8.55) over a steeply. Discoloured water may be seen in the anchorage due
bar, with a least depth over it of 0⋅6 m. to sand from the land being washed down by heavy rains.
The water within the cove is discoloured; the channel 2 Local knowledge is required for the use of this
should be sounded before entering. anchorage.
Anchorage may also be obtained S of El Hibîq (28°52′N,
El Kurâ 34°39′E) (8.56) with shelter from N winds, but this
8.62 anchorage is only recommended for very small vessels which
1 Description. El Kurâ (28°29′N, 34°28′E) lies on the S could lie within 1 cable of the shore in bad weather. Good
side of a sandy promontory which is fringed by a reef shelter can only be obtained close inshore as both the N
awash; a low, sandy and barren spit extends from the SE wind, and the swell, follow the contour of the land around
end of the promontory. A reef, which dries, extends 3 cables the point.
SSW from the S extremity of the spit. 3 Somewhat larger vessels may obtain anchorage in a depth
2 The W extremity of the spit, on which stands a heap of of 33 m, sand and coral, about 1 cables offshore with the E
brown stones, is fringed by a reef. A shoal, with a least extremity of El Hibîq bearing 051°, 4 cables distant. When
depth over it of 4⋅9 m, lies 1 cables W of this heap of approaching this anchorage berth care must be taken to
stones; and a shoal, with a least depth over it of 8⋅3 m, lies a avoid the foul ground which lies about 1 mile farther S.
farther 2 cables WSW. Caution. See protected area (8.26).
The N shore of the bay is fringed by a reef over which
there are dangerous shoal depths; a village together with a Merset Mahash el Asfal
hotel stands on the N shore of the bay. 8.66
8.63 1 Description. Merset Mahash el Asfal (29°10′N, 34°43′E)
1 Anchorage may be obtained by larger vessels off El Kurâ is a small bay entered S of Abu Ramla which forms the NE
in depths of about 30 m, sand and coral, with the W entrance point to the bay. The bay may be identified by a
extremity of the low, sandy spit bearing 030°, distant remarkable white patch of sand situated on the coastal range
3 cables. This anchorage is well sheltered from the N of mountains near Râs el Burqa‘ (8.56) which lies 2 miles
and E. NNE of Abu Ramla.
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Mersa Himeira
8.71 Anchorages
1 Mersa Himeira (29°24′N, 34°49′E) is a bay, with a clear Chart 801 plan of approaches to Strait of Tiran
approach from the SE, which is entered about 2 miles NE of
8.77
Mersa el Muqâbila (8.69). 1 A good anchorage can be obtained by small vessels S of
The bay is a favourite destination for tripper boats from Ra’s Fartak (28°05′⋅2N, 34°34′⋅4E).
Eilat (8.81).
Local knowledge is required for the use of this
8.72 anchorage.
1 Anchorage may be obtained by small vessels close
inshore, in the NW corner of the bay, in depths from 5 to Chart 12
6 m. The holding is reported to be good but the wind can be 8.78
gusty; it may be prudent to moor with two anchors to limit 1 Small vessels may also obtain anchorage, which is well
the amount of swing. sheltered from N winds, in depths of about 11 m, S of Ra’s
Mersa Morâkh Suwayhil a Saghr (28°53′N, 34°49′E).
8.73 Local knowledge is required for the use of this
1 Description. Mersa Morâkh (29°26′N, 34°50′E) is a small anchorage.
inlet extending about 2 cables NW. 8.79
The entrance is obstructed by a coral reef through which 1 A good anchorage, sheltered from all winds, may be
there is a channel, about 45 m wide, which lies close to the obtained between umay
ah Island (29°13′N, 34°54′E) and
N shore of the inlet; there is a least depth over several coral the mainland; this anchorage must be approached from the
heads within the channel of 2⋅1 m. SW. An anchorage berth for small vessels, in depths of
8.74 55 m, sand and coral, may be obtained with the summit of
1 Anchorage. A depth of 5⋅5 m lies in the middle of the umay
ah Island bearing 322°, and the S entrance point to
inlet. the small bay, situated 2 miles NE of the island, bearing
Local knowledge is required for the use of this 225°.
anchorage. 8.80
Caution. See protected area (8.26). 1 The other anchorages in the Gulf of ‘Aqaba are described
at Sharm Mujawwan (8.60), El Kurâ (8.63), Nuweiba ‘el
Gezîret Fara‘ûn Muzeina (8.65), Merset Mahash el Asfal (8.67), Mersa el
8.75 Muqâbila (8.70), Mersa Himeira (8.72), Mersa Morâkh (8.74)
1 Description. Gezîret Fara‘ûn (29°28′N, 34°51′E) is an and Gezîret Fara‘ûn (8.76).
island lying about 1 cables offshore which is fringed by a Caution. See protected area (8.26).
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EILAT
General information Port Authority
8.89
Chart 801 plan of Eilat and El ‘Aqaba 1 The harbour is administered by: The Israeli Ports and
Position Railways Authority, Port of Eilat, PO Box 37, Eilat 88100,
8.81 Israel.
1 The port of Eilat (29°33′N, 34°57′E) is situated on the
International boundaries
NW shore of the head of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba opposite the
8.90
Jordanian port of El ‘Aqaba (8.120).
1 The international boundary separating Egypt from Israel
reaches the coast in the vicinity of Râs el Mari (29°29′N,
Description 34°54′E).
8.82 A buoy (red and white barrel-shaped, can topmark, with a
1 Eilat is an open roadstead in the NW corner of the Gulf white board inscribed ‘Caution Frontier Ahead’) is moored
of ‘Aqaba. about 1 cables offshore.
The major facilities devoted to seagoing vessels are 8.91
situated along the W shore of the port. 1 The international boundary separating Israel from Jordan
Berthing at Eilat presents no difficulties except during reaches the coast at the head of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba in the
periods of strong S winds when small vessels may need to approximate vicinity of 29°32′⋅6N, 34°58′⋅7E. The boundary
depart the alongside berths and proceed to the anchorage, or then continues, as shown on the chart, in a SSW direction
to sea. through the waters at the head of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba.
Buoys (red and white barrel-shaped, can topmark, with a
Depths white board inscribed ‘Caution Frontier Ahead’) are moored
8.83 on the W side of the international boundary, between the
1 The approaches to Eilat are deep; the only limitation in shore and the 50 m depth contour.
the size of vessels that the port can handle is the alongside Fishing area
depth at the individual quay or berth. 8.92
1 A fishing area (29°32′⋅6N, 34°58′⋅4E) lies close off the
Function Israeli shore at the head of the gulf, close W of the
8.84 Jordanian border. Mariners are warned not to enter this area,
1 The port of Eilat flourished during the 10th century BC in which fishing nets, marked by buoys and ropes, present a
in the reign of King Solomon. hazard to vessels.
The port has been developed for Israeli trade between
Asia and East Africa. Marine farms
Large quantities of minerals for export are mined in 8.93
Negev, 60 miles N of Eilat. 1 Three marine farms, marked by buoys, are situated about
The port is also a popular coastal holiday resort with first 3 cables E, and 2 cables SE, of Anchor Berth No 2
class amenities. (29°32′⋅4N, 34°58′⋅0E). A fish haven consisting of an
In 1999 the population of Eilat was about 35 000. artificial reef lies close E of the Naval Base (8.110).
8.85
Marine nature reserve
1 Trade. The principal exports are minerals, phosphates,
8.94
potash and ores.
1 A marine nature reserve, with an artificial reef and
The principal imports include timber, building materials
underwater observatory, is situated 3 miles SSW of Eilat.
and foodstuffs.
Principal marks
Port limits 8.95
8.86 1 Major Lights:
1 The limits of the inner harbour of the port of Eilat extend Eilat Light (white concrete tower, black bands)
from the Israeli border with Jordan (8.90) SW to the vicinity (29°30′⋅0N, 34°54′⋅8E).
of Râs el Mari (29°29′N, 34°54′E) as shown on the chart. El ‘Aqaba Control Tower Light (29°30′⋅8N, 34°59′⋅8E)
The outer harbour lies to seaward of this limit. (8.132).
8.96
1 Landmarks:
Approach and entry Bulk loading tower (29°31′⋅8N, 34°56′⋅4E) standing at
8.87 the S end of South Quay (8.111).
1 The approach to the port of Eilat is made from the head Hotel (29°30′⋅8N, 34°55′⋅4E) standing near the coast
of the Red Sea, passing through the Strait of Trn (8.29) close S of the Katza Oil Terminal (8.112).
and thence to the head of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba. 2 An aero light (29°33′⋅0N, 34°57′⋅4E) exhibited from
Entry to the port of Eilat, or to Katza Oil Terminal the roof of a building close E of the NW corner of
(8.112), presents no difficulties, the pilot boarding station in the head of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba; this light is a useful
both instances being a short distance S of the berthing mark for vessels approaching the quays of the main
installations. port.
A group of radio masts (29°33′⋅4N, 34°57′⋅9E), 20 m
Traffic high, stand N of the E end of the marina and are
8.88 marked by obstruction lights.
1 In 2003 the port was visited by a total of 65 vessels. Landmarks at El ‘Aqaba are given at 8.133.
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Port radio
8.103
Controlling depth 1 There is a port operations radio for the general port and
8.97 the oil terminal. For further information, see Admiralty List
1 The main general, bulk cargo, and container berths have of Radio Signals, Volume 6 (3).
alongside depths of up to 13⋅0 m.
South Oil Jetty (8.114) has a maximum alongside depth
of 28⋅6 m. Israeli ship reporting system
8.104
1 A ship reporting system for all vessels is in operation for
vessels calling at Israeli ports.
All vessels should establish contact with the Israeli Navy
Deepest and longest berths on VHF and a position report should be sent when 25 miles
8.98 from the coast.
1 The main general quay has a total length of 528 m; it can Smaller vessels should maintain a listening watch on VHF
handle vessels up to a maximum draught of 11⋅9 m, but whilst within 100 miles of the Israeli coast.
vessels may load to 12⋅1 m when using fenders and For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
intending to sail on a high tide. Signals, Volume 6 (3).
Anchorage
8.105
Tidal levels
1 Anchorage may be obtained in nine numbered anchor
8.99
berths off the N shore of the port; their positions are best
1 See information in Admiralty Tide Tables, Volume 3. Mean
seen on the chart.
spring range about 0⋅8 m.
The anchorage is exposed to S winds and care must be
taken to allow sufficient swinging room. See also 8.101.
Anchorage berths are assigned by Port Control.
8.106
Maximum size of vessel handled 1 Mooring buoys are laid in the N part of the anchorage,
8.100 as shown on the chart.
1 South Oil Jetty (8.114) at the Katza Oil Terminal can Mooring buoys are also laid about 2 cables off the shore,
handle vessels up to 500 000 dwt with a maximum draught NE of Râs el Mari (29°29′N, 34°54′E).
of 25⋅8 m. 8.107
1 Prohibited anchorage. An area in which anchorage is
prohibited owing to the existence of submarine power cables,
extends across the gulf 7 miles SSW of Eilat, as shown on
the chart.
Local weather
8.101
1 Because the head of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba is situated at the Pilotage
base of the geographical trench which divides Jordan, winds 8.108
can funnel rapidly into the area and create hazardous 1 Pilotage is compulsory. The pilot for Katza Oil Terminal
conditions for vessels at anchor. Under normal conditions the boards 5 cables SE of Eilat Light (29°30′⋅0N, 34°54′⋅8E);
gulf is protected by its high sides and is usually calm. the pilot for Eilat boards about 3 cables SE of North Oil
2 A fresh offshore wind almost invariably blows during the Jetty (29°31′⋅4N, 34°56′⋅2E).
afternoon, inconveniencing boat work, but not normally The pilot launch has a red hull with buff superstructure.
preventing it. For further information see Admiralty List of Radio
There can be sudden squalls at night of up to force 6, Signals, Volume 6 (3).
which usually begin about 2 hours after sunset blowing
mainly from between NNW and NNE.
3 Sometimes, during the winter months, winds of between Tugs
force 6 to 7 blowing from SSW, accompanied by a high 8.109
swell and a heavy sea, can develop within two hours. Under 1 Tugs are available.
these conditions vessels may have to leave the anchorage
until the weather moderates; it may also be necessary for
Berths
small vessels to leave their alongside berths. A warning of
these impending conditions is usually given by a sharp fall
in the barometer. Naval Base
8.102 8.110
1 Temperature and humidity. There is a very low 1 Naval Base Quay, previously known as North Quay, lies
humidity level throughout the year. close SSW of the NW corner of the head of the Gulf of
Between June and September the maximum temperatures ‘Aqaba. The quay is the location of an Israeli Naval Base
are in excess of 38°C; between November and March and ship repair facilities.
temperatures are between 16°and 27°C. A ship lift (8.116) is situated in the SE corner of the
Climatic table. See 1.275 and 1.283. quay; a conspicuous ship repair shed stands close NNE.
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CHAPTER 8
A detached quay lies about 50 m off the NE part of the 2 A light is exhibited from the NW corner of a pier, which
main quay. extends NNE from the N end of South Quay and forms the
2 An area into which entry is prohibited surrounds the E side of a small boat basin at the N end of South Quay; a
Naval Base quay; mooring to the buoys marking the limits further light is exhibited from the shore on the NW side of
of this area is prohibited. A dangerous wreck lies in the NE the entrance to the basin.
corner of the prohibited area. A light-buoy (red and blue, barrel) is moored about
An area in which nets are laid, marked at its outer end by 1 cables NNE of the N end of the quay.
light-buoys (special), lies about 1 cable NNE of the N end of A berth, about 200 m in length, lies close N of South
the Naval Base Quay. Quay and can accommodate vessels up to 6 m draught.
Buoys (special) are laid close NE of this berth.
Port of Eilat 3 There is an elevator for the bulk loading of phosphate
8.111 and potash with an operating capacity of 800 tonnes per
1 Port of Eilat previously known as South Quay which lies hour. The elevator has a maximum vertical clearance of
about 6 cables SW of North Quay is a quay with three 11⋅5 m which can be increased to 14⋅5 m if advance notice
numbered berths, 1 to 3, on its seaward face. The quay is given.
the main port area of the Port of Eilat and has a total
berthing length of 528 m and depths alongside of up to Katza Oil Terminal
13⋅0 m. 8.112
Facilities for the handling of containers are situated at the 1 North Oil Jetty (29°31′⋅4N, 34°56′⋅2E), which projects
N end of the quay. about 1 cable SSE from the shore, has a reverse L-shaped
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CHAPTER 8
head; a number of dolphins lie in the vicinity of the berth alignment (012°) of a pair of leading lights.
and are used for berthing at the facility. Leading lights:
A number of light-buoys are moored in the vicinity of Front light, exhibited from the N-most dolphin of
North Oil Jetty whose positions are best seen on the chart. South Oil Jetty, (29°31′⋅3N, 34°56′⋅0E).
The berth can handle tankers up to 125 000 dwt and a Rear light (620 m from front).
maximum draught of 17⋅0 m.
8.113 Port services
1 Restricted area. A restricted area surrounds both North
Oil Jetty and South Oil Jetty (8.114). Vessels must not enter Repairs
this area without permission. 8.116
8.114 1 All afloat deck and engine repairs can be undertaken by
1 South Oil Jetty, which lies about 4 cables SW of North local workshops; there is a 1800 tonnes capacity ship hoist.
Oil Jetty, consists of a T-headed jetty extending about
Other facilities
1 cables from the shore. The berth is flanked by ten
8.117
dolphins joined to the jetty head by arms, extending about
1 Hospital; deratting facilities; limited facilities for the
300 m NE and 200 m SW.
disposal of oily wastes to road tanker.
Lights are exhibited from both ends of the jetty head,
from the N-most and S-most dolphins and also from the Supplies
inner part of the berth. 8.118
2 A light-buoy (white pillar) is moored about 1 cables S 1 Fuel oil; fresh water; fresh provisions.
of the S-most dolphin in the vicinity of a floating boom.
The berth can handle vessels up to 500 000 dwt with a Communications
maximum draught of 25⋅8 m. 8.119
Restricted area see 8.113. 1 Airport close to the town which has connecting flights
8.115 with other parts of Israel.
1 Approach. From a position E of Eilat Light (29°30′⋅0N, Regular communication by sea with ports in East Africa
34°54′⋅8E) the approach to South Oil Jetty is made on the and Asia.
EL ‘AQABA
General information Terminal and Ro-Ro Berth (8.158) are situated about
5 cables farther S; Yarmouk Floating Berth (8.160) lies close
S of the Container Terminal.
Chart 801 plan of Eilat and El ‘Aqaba 4 El ‘Aqaba Industrial Port (8.167) lies 9 miles S of the
Position town and is where El ‘Aqaba Oil Terminal (8.170), the
8.120 Timber Jetty (8.172) and the Jordan Fertilizer Industry (JFI)
1 The port of El ‘Aqaba (29°31′N, 35°00′E) is situated at Phosphates Terminal (8.173) are situated.
the NE side of the head of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba opposite the
Israeli port of Eilat (8.81).
Depths
8.122
Description 1 The approaches to the port of El ‘Aqaba are deep. The
8.121 bottom consists of sand, gravel and coral.
1 The commercial sea port of El ‘Aqaba is the only outlet
to the sea for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The port is
similar to Eilat being an open roadstead situated in the NE Function
corner of the head of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba. The immediate 8.123
hinterland, E of the town, is high and barren. 1 The shoreline of the Kingdom of Jordan stretches for
The town of El ‘Aqaba stands in an extensive date grove about 13 miles, mainly S, from the international border of
with the main general cargo port area, and the phosphate the country with Israel (8.91) to its border with Saudi Arabia
export berths, extending about 1 mile S from the town. (8.129).
2 A promenade, with a small fishing boat pier at its S end, In 1999 El ‘Aqaba had a population of 88 800.
fronts part of the shoreline W of the town between Victoria 8.124
Pier and the general port area. Datum Rock, a drying rock, 1 Trade. The principal exports are phosphates; tar products;
lies between the promenade and Victoria Pier. cement; fruit.
The port facilities stretch along the E shore of the gulf The principal imports include general cargo; building
from E of the town of El‘ Aqaba to El‘ Aqaba Industrial materials; grain; machinery.
Port (8.167) which lies close N of the border of Jordan with
Saudi Arabia.
3 A power station (29°29′⋅3N, 35°59′⋅2E) stands close to Port limits
the coast between the main port area and Moutah Floating 8.125
Berth. 1 The S limit of the port of El ‘Aqaba is an imaginary line,
Moutah (8.156) and Moshterak (8.157) Floating Berths lie not charted, drawn in a 270° direction, from the international
a farther 1 miles S of the phosphate berths; the Container boundary between Saudi Arabia and Jordan (8.129).
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CHAPTER 8
Port Authority
8.128
1 The harbour is administered by: The Ports Corporation,
PO Box 115, El ‘Aqaba, Jordan.
International boundary
8.129
1 The international boundary separating Jordan from Saudi
Arabia reaches the coast about 10 miles S of the NE corner
of the head of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba in the approximate
vicinity of 29°21′⋅4N, 34°57′⋅6E.
See also 8.91.
Magnetic anomaly
8.130
1 See 8.52.
Marine Peace Park
8.131
1 The Marine Peace Park lies between the parallels of
29°27′⋅6N and 29°23′⋅8N and extends 250 m off the
Jordanian shore between the S end of Yarmouk Floating
Berth (8.160) and a position 8 cables N of El ‘Aqaba Oil
Terminal (8.170). The outer limits of the park are marked by
buoys (white), spaced 250 m apart, which follow the 70 m
depth contour. El Aqaba Control Tower from SW (8.132)
2 Anchoring is prohibited within the Marine Peace Park, (Original dated 2003)
and vessels should reduce speed when in its vicinity so as (Photograph − Crown Copyright)
not to create a damaging wake.
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CHAPTER 8
3 The berthing of tankers, and vessels carrying dangerous Moutah Floating Berth
goods, is prohibited during the hours of darkness (usually 8.156
1800 to 0600). 1 Moutah Floating Berth is situated about 2 miles SSW of
the town of El ‘Aqaba.
The berth, which is 150 m long, can accommodate vessels
Berths up to 40 000 dwt, 150 m in length and 15⋅0 m draught, is
used mainly for the import of rice but can also handle
wheat, corn, barley, soya, and similar products.
General cargo berths Ro-Ro traffic may also be handled at the berth.
8.152 The facility consists of three berths, one each on its N, S,
1 The general cargo berths (29°30′⋅7N, 34°59′⋅7E) consist and W faces.
of a quay, 1060 m in length and orientated in a NNE/SSW
direction, situated off the SW part of the town of El ‘Aqaba.
The quay provides 10 berths: Berths Nos 1 to 6 lie on its Moshterak Berth
seaward face; Berth No 7 lies across the N end of the quay; 8.157
and Berths Nos 8 to 10 lie on its inner part. Berths Nos 1 to 1 Moshterak Berth is situated about 2 cables SSW of
6 can handle vessels up to 40 000 dwt, though it is reported Moutah Floating Berth (8.156) and can accommodate
that Berth No 1 can handle a vessel up to 70 000 dwt with a vessels, of up to 120 000 dwt; the berth has an alongside
maximum draught of 10⋅8 m. depth of 11⋅0 m.
2 The quay is provided with six cargo sheds, cold storage, 2 The berth consists of two dolphins, 120 m apart. A ship
and an extensive area for open storage. loader and conveyor belt are situated between the two
From the root of Berth No 10 the line of the quay extends dolphins and are connected to two conspicuous white domes
generally NE with lighter berths, tug berths and a small with a storage capacity of 30 000 tonnes. The berth is used
slipway. A breakwater, on which there is berthing for lighters for the handling bulk cement exports to other countries in
on its W side and for small vessels on its E side, extends the Middle East and Asia.
about 175 m NNW from close E of the slipway. The berth is also used for the export of oil.
3 LASH lighters anchor in the designated anchorage
between Berth No 7 and the shore NNE, as shown on the
chart.
Container Terminal and Ro-Ro Berth
8.158
Phosphate Loading Berths 1 The Container Terminal and Ro-Ro Berth are situated
about 3 cables SSW of Moshterak Berth (8.157).
8.153
The container terminal consists of a quay, 540 m in
1 The Phosphate Loading Berths are used for the export of
length, which can accommodate vessels up to 230 m in
raw phosphate rock mined from the mines at Eshidiya in SE
length, 55 000 dwt with a maximum draught of 14⋅0 m;
Jordan, and from the mines at El Abiad and El Hassa in
expansion plans at the terminal envisage the handling of
central Jordan. Jordan is the worlds second largest exporter
container vessels up to 85 000 dwt.
of phosphate rock.
The terminal is occasionally used for general cargo,
8.154
livestock and passenger traffic.
1 Berth A which is situated close S of the general cargo
8.159
quay (8.152) is a dolphin berth, 220 m in length, that can
1 The Ro-Ro berth has a 40 m ramp and lies at the N end
accommodate vessels up to 20 000 dwt and a draught of
of the Container Terminal. As well as other wheeled traffic,
11⋅0 m.
it is used for the import of cars. The berth can accommodate
The berth consists of a loading tower, which incorporates
vessels up to 25 000 dwt, 180 m in length, and a draught of
a ship-loader with a loading rate of 1000 tonnes per hour,
10 m.
situated between two wood-sheathed berthing dolphins; a
rubber fendered mooring dolphin is situated at the N end of
the berth with two further similar dolphins situated at its S
end. Yarmouk Floating Berth
2 A large, conspicuous, grain storage facility stands close E 8.160
of the berth. 1 Yarmouk Floating Berth, which is situated about 2 cables
This berth is also used for the discharge of vegetable oils, SSW of the Container Terminal (8.158), handles passenger
and for the discharge of oil tanker cargoes during daylight vessels, ferries and Ro-Ro traffic, and, at busy times, even
hours only. The berth is connected by pipeline to the tank container vessels.
farm situated 3 cables SE. These pipelines are also used for 2 The outer berth is 150 m in length but it can
the supply of bunker oil. accommodate vessels up to 170 m in length with a
8.155 maximum draught of 10⋅0 m if the smaller berths situated on
1 Berth B, which is situated close S of Berth A, can its N and S ends, are unoccupied. Larger cruise liners tend to
accommodate vessels up to 100 000 dwt, a length of 220 m use the main port facilities.
and a draught of 14⋅4 m. 3 The main users of the facility are ferries, including fast
The berth is 180 m in length with mooring dolphins catamaran ferries, which ply between El ‘Aqaba and the
situated a farther 60 m N and S of each end of the main Egyptian port of Nuweiba ‘el Muzeina (8.64) several times a
berth. Loading rates of up to 2200 tonnes per hour can be day.
achieved by two travelling ship-loaders. A passenger terminal building stands about 550 m SSE of
Bagged goods may discharged to road transport. the berth, near the marine science station.
A large, conspicuous, storage shed stands immediately E Mooring buoys (positions approximate) are laid N and S
of the berth. of the berth.
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CHAPTER 8
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NOTES
241
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Port of ‹ubº 12
9.64
9.92
‹ubº Bulk Plant Terminal 12
9.1
12
1
27° 12 27°
S AU D I
ARABIA
Ra’s Kharºbah
26° 26°
9.1
25° 25°
10
327
9.158
9.190 Yanbu’ al Ba5r 327
24° 24°
Minº’ al Malik Fahd
9.
11
328 9.201
1
89
9.1
Gezîret
Zabargad
326
Rºbigh 64
9.306
2659
9.265
2658
9.397
Jeddah
9.342
8
39 2577
9. 2599
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CHAPTER 9
RED SEA — EAST SIDE — RA’S QIBAH TO JEDDAH
GENERAL INFORMATION
Charts 158, 159 from the head of the Gulf of ‘Aqaba (8.48) to the Straits of
Scope of the chapter Bab el Mandeb (4.71). Extending over a distance of some
9.1 1150 miles, they form a prominent feature throughout the
1 The area described in this chapter covers that part of the whole of this chapter. These mountains, which stand between
coast of Saudi Arabia which lies in the N part of the E side 12 miles and 60 miles inland, present a range of peaked
of the Red Sea, from Ra’s Qibah (28°02′N, 34°37′E) (8.2) summits of bare rock rising to heights between 1500 m and
to Ar Ra’s al Aswad (470 miles SSE) (9.266). The chapter 2450 m. In clear weather the mountains are visible 40 miles
also includes descriptions of the ports of
ub (27°34′N, to 70 miles distant, the most conspicuous being Jabal al
35°33′E) (9.64), Yanbu‘ al Bar (24°04′N, 38°04′E) (9.158), Muwajli (9.6), and Jabal ub (9.107).
Mn’ al Malik Fahd (23°57′N, 38°13′E) (9.201), Rbigh 9.3
(22°44′N, 39°00′E) (9.306) and Jeddah (21°28′N, 39°10′E) 1 The reefs fronting this part of the coast either extend in
(9.342). ridges and are almost steep-to, or they lie on extensive
2 The area described includes almost the whole of the coast banks. These reefs vary from about 140 m to 3 miles in
of the province of Al Hijz in which are situated the sacred length. There is no heavy surf over most of the reefs under
cities of Makkah (Mecca) (21°25′N, 39°50′E) and Al any conditions of weather.
Madnah (24°28′N, 39°36′E). 2 Entrances to the inlets which lie along this section of the
coast are difficult to distinguish, but they are convenient
Topography
stopping places for small vessels, with local knowledge,
9.2
proceeding up and down the Red Sea.
1 The mountains of Arabia back the coast of Saudi Arabia
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CHAPTER 9
breaks with violence at times and produces a surf which Chart 159
renders landing impracticable between the various inlets. 9.12
3 Between Ra’s Ab Masrib and Sharm Jazzah (14 miles 1 Passing:
SE) (9.33) the coast is fringed by a reef; from a position SW of An-Nu’mn (27°06′N, 35°46′E) (9.21) which
about 2 miles SE of Sharm Jazzah the fringing reef is lies about 2 miles W of Ra’s Ab Masrib
steep-to, for the next 18 miles. (27°09′N, 35°47′E), thence:
9.8 SW of Shi‘b Maswik (26°55′N, 35°50′E) (9.26) a
1 From a position on the coast, E of the S end of An group of rocks and shoals which lie at the NW end
Nu’mn (27°06′N, 35°46′E) (9.21), an offshore bank, up to of a chain of banks that extend about 36 miles SE
2 miles offshore, extends for about the next 11 miles SE; and on which lie numerous dangerous rocks, thence:
several dangerous rocks lie on this bank. 2 SW of An-Nuwayshizyah (26°36′N, 36°06′E) (9.24) a
Anchorage. In moderate weather small vessels may small islet standing on a reef at the S end of the
obtain anchorage on this bank. chain of banks which extend SE from Shi‘b
2 A low wooded point, about 3 miles SSE of Ra’s Ab Maswik. Thence:
Masrib (27°09′N, 35°47′E) (9.12), affords shelter for small SW of the area of reefs (26°23′N, 36°17′E) which lie
vessels during strong NW winds. about 4 miles W of Ra’s Marbi (9.40), thence:
Local knowledge is required for the use of these two 3 SW of Jazrat Muraykhah (Ryikhah) (26°11′N,
anchorages. 36°22′E) which lies close to the W end of a bank,
that extends about 7 miles WNW from about 1 mile
Depths W of Ra’s Kharbah. The islet is rocky and rises
9.9 gradually from its E end to elevations of 15 m in its
1 Caution. Mariners are warned that in many parts of the central part and in its W end. Some islets and
waters covered by this section navigational hazards, not dangerous rocks also lie on this bank, thence:
located during survey work, may well exist especially in the 4 SW of Ra’s Kharbah (26°09′N, 36°29′E) which is
shallow, coral waters. fringed by the coastal reef. A small shoal patch,
See the source data diagram on the relevant charts. which is not always visible, lies a short distance off
the coastal reef near an opening in the reef which
allows for a good landing.
Principal marks
(Directions continue at 9.110)
9.10
1 Landmarks:
Jabal az Zuhd, 2014 m in height (28°19′N, 35°18′E) Off-lying islands
stands at the NW end of a range of mountains that
extends about 30 miles SE. Chart 12
Jabal Libn (26°34′N, 36°26′E) stands about 10 miles Jaz rat Ab Sh shah
E of Sharm ‘Antar (9.40) and forms a good mark; 9.13
two small peaks, near the centre of the mountain, 1 Description. Jazrat Ab Shshah (27°56′N, 34°54′E) is a
serve to identify it from seaward. small island lying on the SW part of a detached coral reef
Jabal ar Ra’al (25°56′N, 37°09′E) is a prominent situated about 9 miles SSE of Ra’s Ab Sayf (9.5). The
isolated mountain with a broad summit. island, which is composed of red and yellow sandstone
mixed with coral, gradually rises to a bluff about 97 m high
at its S end; on E and W bearings the island appears
Directions wedge-shaped.
(Directions for the Strait of TØrºn are given at 8.40) Jazrat Ab Shshah Light (metal structure, 1 m in height)
is exhibited from the SW end of the island.
Chart 12 9.14
9.11 1 Anchorage. Small vessels may obtain anchorage in
1 From a position clear of the S end of the S bound lane of depths from about 12 to 18 m, sand and rock, on the bank
the Strait of Trn TSS (8.32) the track leads SE, passing: which extends about 1 miles NE of the island.
SW of Chisholm Point (27°57′N, 34°30′E) (8.40) the Local knowledge is required for the use of this
SW extremity of Trn Island (8.31), thence: anchorage.
SW of Jazrat anfr (27°56′N, 34°42′E) (8.45),
thence: Chart 12 plan of Approaches to Ash Sharmah
SW of the detached shoal patch (27°54′N, 34°52′E), Burq n
with a least depth over it of 28 m, which lies about 9.15
2 miles SW of Jazrat Ab Shshah (9.13). Thence: 1 Description. Burqn (27°54′N, 35°04′E) is an island
2 SW of an isolated shoal patch (27°50′N, 34°59′E), situated on the SE part of a coral reef which lies about
with a least depth over it of 24⋅5 m, which lies 15 miles SE of Ra’s Ab Sayf (9.5). The island, which is
about 6 miles SW of Burqn (9.15), thence: about 36 m high, consists of two parts connected by a low,
SW of Jaz’ir ila’ (27°39′N, 35°17′E) (9.19) which sandy isthmus. From the offing the island appears like two
consists of a group of low coral islets lying on a wedge-shaped islands, but, from closer in, it appears broken
dangerous reef. Jaz’ir ila’ Light (9.19) is and rugged.
exhibited from a beacon standing on the SW side of 2 An oil production platform, which is radar conspicuous,
the group, thence: stands about 1 mile N of the N end of the island; two further
3 SW of the dangerous shoal area (27°33′N, 35°25′E), platforms are situated about 5 cables SE of the SE part of
which is marked by light-buoys and on which there the island.
are drying rocks, situated about 5 miles W of the Burqn Light (metal structure, 1 m in height) is exhibited
Port of
ub (9.64). Thence: from the N part of the island.
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9.16 The islet, which is low, sandy and covered with bushes, is
1 Anchorage may be obtained by small vessels in a depth fringed by a reef.
of about 24 m, sand, near the SE extremity of Burqn; the 9.23
anchorage is well sheltered from NW winds. 1 Anchorage may be obtained by small vessels on the SE
Anchorage may also be obtained E of the isthmus joining side of the islet.
the two parts of the island, in depths from about 13 to 27 m. Local knowledge is required for the use of this
If bound for this anchorage from the S, then, when rounding anchorage.
the S part of the island, a good clearance must be given; a
good lookout from aloft is also necessary as uncharted An-Nuwayshiz yah
navigational hazards may well exist, especially in shallow 9.24
waters. See 9.9. 1 Description. An-Nuwayshizyah (26°36′N, 36°06′E) is a
low and sandy islet on the E side of a fairly extensive reef
Umm Qu
r which is situated near the S end of the chain of off-lying
9.17 rocky banks S of Shi‘b Maswik (9.26).
1 Description. Umm Qur (27°57′N, 35°12′E) is situated 9.25
on a reef which lies NNW of Ash Sharmah (9.47) 1 Anchorage may be obtained by small vessels on the E
encumbering the S approach to Khalj ‘Aynnah (9.27). side of the islet.
Local knowledge is required for the use of this
Yub‘ anchorage.
9.18
1 Description. Yub‘ (27°47′N, 35°08′E) is an island Off-lying reefs
situated on the SE side of the outer part of the entrance
channel to Ash Sharmah (9.47). The island is 112 m high,
Shi‘b Mas wik
precipitous and cliffy at its N end. It then gradually slopes 9.26
towards its SE end. 1 Description. Shi‘b Maswik (26°55′N, 35°50′E) is a
The SW side of the island is fringed by a reef on which group of rocks and shoals at the NW end of a chain of
there are two islets and some above-water rocks. A off-lying banks, reefs and islets which extends 36 miles SE.
dangerous steep-to shoal rock lies about 1 mile SSE of the Numerous dangerous rocks lie on these banks.
SE end of the island.
2 Wlih, an islet fringed on its N and E part by a coral Inlets and bays
reef, lies about 1 mile E of Yub‘ Chart 12
Julayjilah is a small islet situated on a reef about 8 cables Khal j ‘Ayn nah
farther SE; a further small islet lies close by. 9.27
1 Description. Khalj ‘Aynnah (28°03′N, 35°06′E) is a
Chart 12 plan of Approaches to ubº
bay, encumbered by an extensive reef, situated about 9 miles
Jaz ’ir ila NE of Burqn (9.15).
9.19 Al Khuraybah is a settlement on the NE shore of the bay
1 Description. Jaz’ir ila (27°39′N, 35°17′E) is a small which has a landing place reached by a tortuous channel
group of islets standing on the SE side of a detached through the reefs.
dangerous reef which extends about 5 miles NW/SE. 2 Wd ‘Aynnah, which enters the head of the bay, lies
Jaz’ir ila Light (racon) is exhibited from a beacon between two barren, rocky hills standing about 1 miles
standing on the SW side of the group. inland. A long line of cliffs rises from the plain farther
ila Shoal Light-buoy (S cardinal) marks a detached inland and forms the outer edge of an extensive tableland.
shoal, which lies about 1 mile SE of the SE end of the reef. The appearance of this luxuriant, though uncultivated, tract
9.20 of land contrasts strangely with the wild sterility of the
1 alq al Kalwah (27°42′N, 35°21′E) is a drying reef, neighbouring scenery. Ruins lie on both sides of Wd
lying about 4 miles ENE of Jaz’ir ila, on a bank with ‘Aynnah and, between it and the beach, stand the remains
depths over it from 9 to 20 m; a drying rock lies on the E of an aqueduct.
part of this bank. 3 Local knowledge is required to enter the bay.
An-Nu‘m n Chart 12 plan of Approaches to ubº
9.21 Sharm al arr
1 Description. An-Nu‘mn (27°06′N, 35°46′E) is a low 9.28
island which is sandy at its N end from where it rises 1 Description. Sharm al arr (27°37′N, 35°31′E) is an inlet
gradually to its highest point in abrupt red limestone cliffs entered about 4 miles SE of Al Muwayli (9.62). The inlet is
and hills which stand at its S end. The hills are fringed by a difficult to identify as the coast in this vicinity is low-lying
few bushes but are otherwise destitute of vegetation and and its shores are fringed by reefs.
present a very rugged appearance. Sharm al Bad is a further inlet entered about 2 miles S
A stranded wreck lies on the drying reef which extends S of Sharm al arr.
from the S extremity of the island. 9.29
1 Anchorage may be obtained about 1 cables within the
Chart 159 entrance to the inlet, in depths from 11 to 15 m. The
An Nabq yah anchorage is well sheltered from the prevailing winds.
9.22
1 Description. An Nabqyah (26°44′N, 36°02′E) (not Sharm Qaf fah
charted by name) is an small islet situated W of Ra’s 9.30
al’Ubayd near the mid part of the chain of off-lying rocky 1 Description. Sharm Qaffah (27°21′N, 35°42′E) is an
banks, S of Shi‘b Maswik (9.26). inlet entered about 2 miles WNW of
ub Bulk Plant
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(Tanker) Terminal (9.92), close ESE of the fishing village of 040°, then this line of bearing leads through the fairway of
ub the entrance to the inlet.
A small wooden jetty on the NW side of the inlet affords The best time to enter is with the sun high or astern, and
a good landing; a conspicuous white building stands on the at low water, as the reefs are then visible.
N side of the inlet. 2 Local knowledge. A vessel, without the benefit of local
knowledge, should mark the channel before entering in order
Sharm an Nu‘m n to avoid the coral patches near the middle of the inlet and
9.31 the bank extending 5 cables E from the W side of its
1 Description. Sharm an Nu‘mn (27°05′⋅4N, 35°46′⋅4E) is entrance.
an inlet situated on the E side of the island of An Nu‘mn 9.39
(9.21). 1 Anchorage, which is well sheltered, may be obtained in
9.32 the NW part of the inlet in good holding ground, in depths
1 Anchorage. Good anchorage may be obtained within the from 16 to 24 m, sand and coral.
inlet in depths from about 8 to 15 m, coral. This anchorage
is sheltered from all winds as the sides of the inlet rise Sharm ‘Antar
almost vertically from the sea to elevations of between 24 m 9.40
and 30 m. 1 Description. Sharm ‘Antar (26°35′N, 36°15′E) is a small
It is recommended to buoy your anchor if anchoring cove entered about 1 miles SSE of Sharm Dumaygh
within the inlet, given the nature of the bottom. (9.37).
Anchorage may be obtained by small vessels within the
Chart 159 cove.
Sharm Jazzah 2 Good anchorage is also obtainable on the E side of the
9.33 bank which extends about 5 miles SSE, from a position on
1 Description. Sharm Jazzah (26°58′N, 35°58′E) is a small the coast about 12 miles S of Sharm ‘Antar in the vicinity of
inlet entered about 14 miles SSE of Ra’s Ab Masrib Ra’s Marbi, (26°23′N, 36°22′E); several coral patches and
(27°09′N, 35°47′E) (9.12); a dangerous rock lies in the rocks lie on this bank.
entrance to the inlet. Local knowledge is required for the use of both of these
The land in the vicinity of the inlet is barren. A strata of anchorages.
black stone, on the surface of the neighbouring hills and Marsá Za‘am
plains, gives the area a black and desolate appearance. 9.41
9.34 1 Description. Marsá Za‘am (26°17′N, 36°25′E) is a small
1 Anchorage. The inlet should offer a protected anchorage cove entered about 7 miles S of Ra’s Marbi (9.40) through
once through the entrance channel. a gap near the S end of the coastal reef. This gap appears to
be deep and free from dangers; there is apparently good
Marsá Zubaydah landing on a sandy beach within the cove. This cove is not
9.35 named on Chart 159.
1 Description. Marsá Zubaydah (26°53′N, 36°02′E) is an
inlet, fringed by the coastal reef, which is entered about Sharm al Wajh
6 miles SSE of Sharm Jazzah (9.33). The inlet is situated E 9.42
of an islet which stands on the coastal reef which dries in 1 Description. Sharm al Wajh (26°13′N, 36°28′E) is a bay
this vicinity. entered about 25 miles SSE of Sharm ‘Antar (9.40); the
9.36 approach to the bay is free from dangers. Jazrat Muraykhah
1 Anchorage may be obtained within the inlet in depths (9.12) lies 5 miles WSW of the entrance and forms a good
from 18 to 55 m. The holding ground is reported to be bad. landmark if making for the bay.
Local knowledge is required for the use of this 2 The coast in this vicinity consists of coral cliffs between
anchorage. 15 m and 21 m in height. Between these cliffs, and the steep
hills which lie 3 or 4 miles inland, lies a low, salt-encrusted
Sharm Dumaygh plain which is marshy near the coast. A fort, nearly
9.37 surrounded by hills, lies about 6 miles E of the head of the
1 Description. Sharm Dumaygh (26°39′N, 36°12′E) is inlet.
entered about 17 miles SSE of Marsá Zubaydah (9.35) 3 The shores of Sharm al Wajh are fringed by reefs; the
between points fringed by reefs. The shores of the inlet are entrance channel has a fairway about 240 m wide.
fringed by a bank on which lie some rocks. Al Wajh is a town on the NW shore of the inlet
Just within the S entrance point is a drying lagoon which consisting of some stone houses, minarets and a fort; two
is separated from the inlet by a reef. jetties, both of which are in ruins, extend into the inlet from
2 A small projection from the centre of the N side of the near the SW end of the town.
inlet is fringed by rocks; there are several coral patches lying 9.43
within 1 cables of this projection. 1 Other aids to navigation.
There is no vegetation in the vicinity of the inlet except A radio tower stands close NE of the inlet.
for a few bushes. An airport, from which an aero light is exhibited, lies
9.38 about 2 miles SE of the inlet.
1 Directions for entry. From a position about 1 mile 9.44
offshore, and about 7 miles SSE of the inlet, steer NNW 1 Anchorages. Large vessels may obtain anchorage of
keeping 1 mile offshore. indifferent quality, in depths of about 58 m, in a position
When a remarkable hill with a rugged peak, known as about 5 cables SW of the entrance to Sharm al Wajh.
Punches Cap, is in line with Mark Rock, a remarkable white Within the inlet good anchorage may be obtained by
rock situated on the NE shore of Sharm Dumaygh, bearing small vessels. The best berth is in a depth of about 13 m a
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little over a cable SSE of the SE extremity of the town; a For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
NW swell sets into the inlet. Signals, Volume 6 (3).
2 There is room for one vessel, moored head and stern,
close inside the N entrance point where there is a clay Tug
bottom and where it is sheltered from the swell which sets 9.53
across the entrance. This berth is safe should the wind shift 1 A tug is available.
S and SE, which often occurs suddenly.
9.45
1 A good anchorage may be obtained on the bank W of Directions for entering the harbour
Ra’s Kharbah (26°09′N, 36°29′E) (9.12), S of the 9.54
dangerous rocks situated on the bank between Jazrat 1 From a position SW of Shi‘b Pelham (27°49′N, 35°06′E)
Muraykhah (Ryikhah) (26°11′N, 36°22′E) (9.12) and the the track leads NNE, passing:
islets to the E. SSE of No 2 Light-buoy (red can, cylindrical topmark)
Local knowledge is required for the use of this (27°48′⋅8N, 35°06′⋅0E) which marks the SW end of
anchorage. Shi‘b Pelham, a drying shoal on the NW side of the
9.46 buoyed channel, thence:
1 Small vessels may also obtain anchorage near several of 2 NNW of the light-buoy (red and white conical,
the sandy islets which stand on the off-lying banks between spherical topmark) (27°47′⋅8N, 35°07′⋅3E) which is
Ra’s Ab Masrib (27°09′N, 35°47′E) (9.12) and Ra’s moored close NNW of No 1 Light-buoy (green
Kurkm (90 miles SSE) (9.113). conical, triangular topmark) which marks the N end
Local knowledge is required for the use of these of Yub‘ (9.18), thence:
anchorages. NNW of the detached shoal area (27°48′⋅8N,
35°08′⋅6E) with a least depth over it of 25 m.
Thence:
3 SSE of the detached shoal area (27°52′N, 35°08′E),
ASH SHARMAH
with a least depth over it of 19⋅4 m and on which
stand dangerous below-water rocks, thence:
General information NNW of No 3 Light-buoy (green conical, triangular
topmark) (27°49′⋅6N, 35°10′⋅2E) which marks the
Chart 12 plan of Ash Sharmah NW end of an unnamed shoal on the SE side of the
Position fairway, thence:
9.47 4 SSE of No 4 Light-buoy (red can, cylindrical topmark)
1 Ash Sharmah (27°56′N, 35°16′E) is situated on the E side (27°51′⋅9N, 35°11′⋅2E) which marks the SE side of
of the head of the Red Sea, about 45 miles E of the Strait of an unnamed shoal with a least depth over it of
Trn (8.29). 9⋅4 m. Thence:
NNW of the detached shoal area (27°51′⋅4N,
Description 35°13′⋅1E), with a least depth over it of 45 m,
9.48 thence:
1 Ash Sharmah is an open roadstead and small subsidiary 9.55
port under the control of the port of Yanbu‘ al Bar (9.158). 1 Ash Sharmah Leading Lights:
Front light (white, orange band, standing on the centre
Port Authority of the head of the oil jetty) (27°55′⋅7N, 35°16′⋅5E).
9.49 Rear light (white, orange band) (336 m from front).
1 See 9.164. From a position about 6 cables S of No 6 Light-buoy
(27°52′⋅8N, 35°13′⋅6E) the alignment (036°) of the leading
Approach lights leads towards the port, passing (with positions given
9.50 from Ash Sharmah Front Leading Light):
1 From a position SW of Shi‘b Pelham (27°49′N, 35°06′E) 2 SE of No 6 Light-buoy (red can, cylindrical topmark)
(9.54) the outer approach channel leads about 10 miles NNE, (3 miles SW) which marks the S end of an area of
through a wide buoyed channel to the outer end of the inner shoals which extends S from Umm Qur (27°57′N,
approach channel. 35°12′E) (9.17), thence:
The inner channel, which is marked on its NW side by 3 SE of No 8 Light-buoy (red can, cylindrical topmark)
light-buoys and is indicated by a line of leading lights, leads (3 miles SW) which marks the SE side of the area
to the vicinity of the port. of shoals which extends S from Umm Qur,
thence:
Port radio 4 SE of No 10 Light-buoy (red can, cylindrical topmark)
9.51 (2 miles SW) which is moored on the E side of a
1 There is a port radio station which is operational when a patch of deeper water which lies close inside the SE
vessel is expected. side of the area of shoals. Thence:
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio To the vicinity of the port.
Signals, Volume 6 (3).
Pilotage Berths
9.52
1 Pilotage is compulsory and is only available during the Oil jetty
hours of daylight. 9.56
The pilot boards in the vicinity of No 6 Light-buoy 1 A T-headed oil jetty extends about 1 cable W from the
(27°52′⋅8N, 35°13′⋅6E) as shown on the plan. shore about 7 cables SSE of the town.
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New berth three sides by hills and fringed in places by reefs, which is
9.57 entered about 15 miles NW of the town of
ub (27°21′N,
1 In 1980 it was reported that a new berth, 380 m in length 35°41′E).
and with an alongside depth of 10 m, was under construction
ub Bulk Plant Terminal (9.92) lies about 2 miles SE
at Ash Sharmah. of the town of
ub
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CHAPTER 9
Vessels should then confirm their ETA 48 hours and SSW of the light-buoy (7 miles ESE) (S cardinal)
24 hours before arrival. marking the S side of a shoal with a least depth
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio over it of 14 m, thence:
Signals, Volume 6 (3). 2 SSW of a shoal (8 miles ESE), with a least depth
over it of 15 m, thence:
Outer anchorage NNE of the light-buoy (N cardinal) (9 miles ESE)
9.77 which is moored on the NNE side of a dangerous
1 The recommended anchorage position is SE of ila’ shoal area. A further light-buoy (S cardinal) (9.81)
Shoal Light-buoy (S cardinal) (27°37′⋅8N, 35°19′⋅3E). marks the S end of this area of dangerous shoals;
another light-buoy marks its SE side. Thence:
Pilotage To the pilot boarding position.
9.78
1 Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels above 150 nrt and Chart 12 plan of the Port of ubº
the pilot boards in position 27°34′⋅3N, 35°29′⋅6E, as shown Entrance channel
on the chart. 9.84
Berthing and unberthing are undertaken during the hours 1 The entrance channel into Sharm Jubbah and the port area
of daylight only. extends about 7 cables E; the channel is 95 m wide and is
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio dredged to a depth of 11 m (1989); the channel is marked
Signals, Volume 6 (3). by three pairs of light-beacons.
Tugs Berths
9.79
Main quay
1 Tugs are available.
9.85
1 The main quay, which lies on the E side of the port, is
Directions about 600 m long and orientated in a N/S direction. In
addition to a passenger terminal, the quay consists of three
Approach
berths, each of 200 m length, with alongside depths of
9.80
10⋅5 m.
1 A deep channel lies between the coast and the reefs W of
the Port of
ub. Ro-Ro berth
The coast should initially be approached in the vicinity N 9.86
of Ra’s Dhahakn (27°23′N, 35°39′E). 1 A Ro-Ro facility is situated at the S end of the main
The approach to the deep channel should then be made quay.
on a NNW heading to a position SE of the light-buoy (W
cardinal) (27°26′⋅2N, 35°31′⋅1E). Service quay
9.81 9.87
1 The track then leads NNW for about 12 miles, passing 1 A quay, for use by service vessels, lies about 220 m SW
(with positions from the unnamed entrance point on the S of the Ro-Ro berth, in the SE part of the harbour.
side of the entrance channel (27°33′⋅6N, 35°31′⋅9E) to the Fishing quay
Port of
ub):
9.88
WNW of the light-buoy (W cardinal) (7 miles S) 1 A quay for use by fishing vessels lies in the S extremity
which marks the NW side of a coral reef, thence: of the E part of the harbour.
2 ENE of the light-buoy (S cardinal) (5 miles SW)
which marks the S end of the area of shoals which Coast Guard quay
extend SE from Jaz’ir ila’ (27°39′N, 35°17′E) 9.89
(9.19), thence: 1 A quay, for the use of the coast guard, lies in the NE part
ENE of the light-buoy (E cardinal) (4 miles SW) of the inner harbour.
which marks the SE corner of the area of shoals
which extend SE from Jaz’ir ila’. Thence: Port services
3 ENE of the detached shoal (3 miles WSW), with a
Supplies
least depth over it of 22 m, and thence:
9.90
To the pilot boarding position.
1 Fresh water available from the quay or by barge; fuel oil
Alternative approach not available.
9.82 Communications
1 An alternative approach from the W leads about 12 miles 9.91
ESE through a buoyed channel which leads through the 1 There is an airport at Tabuk 180 km distant.
off-lying reefs and shoals which lie W of the Port of
ub
Caution. Further dangers may lie in this approach, and,
as such, this approach is not recommended. UB BULK PLANT TERMINAL
9.83
General information
1 From a position about 1 miles S of Jaz’ir ila
Light-beacon (27°39′N, 35°17′E) (9.19) the track leads ESE Chart 12
to the Port of
ub, passing (with positions given from Position
Jaz’ir ila Light-beacon): 9.92
Clear of the shoal (2 miles SE), with a least depth 1 The
ub Bulk Plant (Tanker) Terminal (27°19′N,
over it of 4 m, which is marked on its SE side by a 35°44′E) is situated on the E side of the head of the Red
light-buoy (S cardinal), thence: Sea, about 78 miles ESE of the Strait of Trn (8.29).
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Description Pilotage
9.93 9.98
1
ub Bulk Plant (Tanker) Terminal is situated about 1 Pilotage is compulsory.
2 miles ESE of the village of
ub and consists of a bulk The pilot boards in position 27°15′⋅7N, 35°42′⋅5E, as
tank farm served by a pier extending across the coastal reef shown on the chart, and remains on board throughout the
to a berthing facility comprising of a number of mooring time of the vessels stay.
buoys. Berthing and unberthing is undertaken during the hours
2 A further pier, attached to an unnamed facility, extends of daylight only.
part way across the coastal reef about 8 cables WNW of the For further information see Admiralty List of Radio
terminal. Signals, Volume 6 (3).
Mooring buoys are laid in a small, unnamed inlet in the
coastal reef situated about 4 cables ESE of the head of the Tugs
terminal pier. 9.99
1 A tug and a mooring boat are available.
Approach
9.94 Berth
1 From the S, the suggested approach to the pilot boarding
position is on a NE course, passing between the drying reef Chart 12 plan of ubº Bulk Plant Terminal
extending NW from An Nu’mn (27°06′N, 35°46′E) (9.21), 9.100
and the drying reefs which lie to the NW. 1 The berth lies at the outer end of a pier which extends
about 340 m from the shore across the coastal reef.
Limiting conditions Tankers make fast to a number of mooring buoys, whose
positions are best seen on the chart, and to two concrete
Maximum size of vessel handled piles, North Bollard and South Bollard, which stand on the
9.95 coastal reef approximately 200 m NW and SE of the pier.
1 The facility can handle vessels up to 10 000 dwt. Cargo is handled through two floating hoses which lie off
the S end of the pier; one is used for diesel the other for
Local weather premium gasoline.
9.96
1 See 9.75. Port services
Arrival information Supplies
9.101
Outer anchorage 1 Neither fresh water nor fuel are available.
9.97
1 The recommended anchorage position lies 5 miles NW of Communications
An Nu’mn (27°06′N, 35°46′E) (9.21) in the vicinity of the 9.102
charted depth of 16⋅2 m. 1 See 9.91.
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during the 1980s. Navigational hazards may well exist in 5 WSW of the detached shoal area (24°38′N, 37°09′E)
these areas especially in shallow coral waters. which lies about 5 miles SW of Ra’s Mahr, thence:
See the source data diagram on the relevant charts. WSW of the detached drying coral reef (24°30′N,
37°07′E) marked by No 3 Light-beacon (black pile,
red band; isolated danger), thence:
Principal marks 6 WSW of Shi‘b Shu’aybah (24°26′N, 37°11′E), a
9.107 dangerous shoal, on which stand a number of
1 Landmark: drying reefs, which extends from 14 miles to
Jabal ub (23°38′N, 39°08′E) which rises to a height 20 miles S of Ra’s Mahr. No 7 Light-beacon (N
of 1890 m, stands about 33 miles E of Ar Ra’s al cardinal) marks the NW end of this shoal; No 9
Abya
(9.105). The mountain is the highest point Light-beacon (E cardinal) marks its E extremity;
on the coast, before the mass of the interior No 11 Light-beacon (black pile, red band; isolated
mountains, between Yanbu‘ al Bar (9.158) and danger) marks a drying reef at the S end of Shi‘b
Jeddah (9.342). Shu’aybah. A stranded wreck (position approximate,
9.108 radar conspicuous) lies on the W edge of the shoal
1 Major light: about 3 miles SSW of No 7 Light-beacon.
Yanbu‘ South Light (white, round, metal tower, red 9.111
bands; racon) (23°28′⋅1N, 38°25′⋅5E) is exhibited 1 The track then continues SE to a position about 30 miles
from the SE corner of a rocky bank situated on the SW of Ra’s Mastrah (23°02′N, 38°48′E), passing:
W side of the S approaches to Madnat Yanbu‘ A SW of Shi‘b al Qursh (24°21N, 37°23′E) a
in ‘yah (9.201). dangerous, detached reef, marked by No 13
Light-beacon (isolated danger) lying 4 miles WSW
of Ra’s al Lakk (9.147). A shoal area, with a least
Other aids to navigation depth over it of 30 m, lies close W of the reef.
9.109 Thence:
1 The coast between Ra’s Ab Madd (24°50′N, 37°09′E) 2 SW of Ra’s Bardi (24°16′N, 37°31′E) a low and
(9.104) and Sharm asy (16 miles SE) (9.151) is reported to sandy point; a cement factory stands about 1 mile
be radar conspicuous. ENE of the point, and a cement silo and two
chimneys stand about 2 miles E; both the factory
and the silo have been reported to be radar
Directions conspicuous. An isolated shoal (position
(continued from 9.12) approximate, reported 1967), with a least depth over
9.110 it of 29 m, lies about 6 miles WSW of the point; a
1 From a position SW of Ra’s Kharbah (26°09′N, shoal area, with a least depth over it of 28 m, lies
36°29′E) (9.12) the track leads initially to a position about about 2 miles N of the isolated shoal, thence:
10 miles WSW of Shi‘b Shu’aybah (24°26′N, 37°11′E), 3 SW of Shi‘b as Sab’ah (23°48′N, 37°56′E) which is a
passing: group of steep-to reefs, over which the sea breaks,
WSW of Mashbih (25°38′N, 36°31′E) (9.118) and the which lie about 16 miles SSW of Yanbu‘ al Bar
coral reefs and shoal waters which extend about (24°04′N, 38°04′E) (9.158). No 32 Light-beacon (N
16 miles SSE of the island, thence: cardinal) marks the N end of the group; No 34
2 WSW of the isolated coral reef (25°20′N, 36°46′E) Light-beacon (S cardinal) stands on the W part of
which lies about 6 miles SW of Shaybr, a low the reef; No 35 Light-beacon (N cardinal) stands on
island composed of sand and coral and on which the E part of the reef; and No 39 Light-beacon (E
many bushes grow. Reefs and numerous coral islets cardinal) marks the S end of the reef, thence:
lie between Mashbih and Shaybra. The N end of 4 SW of Mansi (23°39′N, 38°02′E) a drying reef which
a large detached area of reefs, shoals and dangerous dries between 0⋅6 m and 0⋅9 m. The reef is steep-to
rocks lies about 4 miles S of Shaybra and extends and is marked by No 41 Light-beacon (isolated
about 14 miles SSE parallel to the coast, thence: danger). Thence:
3 WSW of Shi‘b as Sufln (24°59′N, 36°57′E) which is SW of Shi‘b as Sufln (23°31′N, 38°14′E) a drying,
the outer-most reef of the three largest reefs of a steep-to reef which is marked by No 44
chain of reefs which extend between 3 miles and Light-beacon (S cardinal). The red sector (visible
9 miles W of Al asn (9.121) These three reefs 090°−140°) of Yanbu‘ South Light (9.108) covers
are awash and the sea generally breaks over them. the reef, thence:
Thence: 5 SW of Yanbu‘ South Light (23°28′N, 38°26′E) (9.108)
WSW of Shi‘b Ashayzeniyat (24°52′N, 37°00′E) a reef which is exhibited from the SE corner of a rocky
over which the sea breaks when there is any wind, bank lying on the W side of the S approaches to
thence: Madnat Yanbu‘ A in ‘yah (9.201), thence:
4 WSW of Shi‘b M’Mubrak (24°46′N, 37°05′E) and SW of Shi‘b al Kharra (Kharrar Reefs) (22°58′N,
Ab Matr 1 miles SE) (9.145), two dangerous 38°41′E) which consists of a number of dangerous
reefs lying WNW of Ra’s Mahr (24°42′N, reefs situated on a bank; the S edge of these reefs
37°13′E). Ra’s Mahr is about 24 m high and rocky dry. A channel, between 1 miles and 2 miles
with its upper part considerably overhanging its wide, separates the inner edge of the bank from the
base; a small patch of rock extends off the point. A coast. Thence:
short distance SE of Ra’s Mahr stands a similar 6 SW of Ra’s Mastrah (23°02′N, 38°48′E) which rises
bluff which rises to a height of about 50 m; another to a height of 20 m; the point is reported to give a
unnamed, rocky, coral patch, awash, lies 3 miles good radar return.
SW of the point, thence: (Directions continue at 9.265)
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which there are a number of dangerous rocks, also lies Off-lying dangers
between the reef and the mainland shore, about 4 miles S. 9.132
1 Shi‘b al Guak (24°59′N, 37°13′E) is a drying reef
Channels between situated 4 miles SW of Umm Lajj; further reefs lie from
Ra’s Kurk m and Wugh d between about 2 cables E to 1 mile E, of Shi‘b al Guak;
the sea sometimes breaks over these reefs but no reliance can
Description be placed on the reefs being visible.
9.125 A dangerous reef lies 1 mile SE of Shi‘b al Guak.
1 There are two navigable entrance channels to the area of
reefs and islets which lies between Ra’s Kurkm (25°51′N,
36°39′E) (9.113) and Wughd (35 miles SSE) (9.119).
Current
Current 9.133
9.126 1 It is reported that a constant current sets N and E between
1 An E-going current of between 1 kn and 1 kn has been Al asn (24°58′N, 37°05′E) and Ra’s Ab Madd (8 miles
experienced at the N end of the inner channel about SSE).
2 miles W of Ra’s Kurkm (25°51′N, 36°39′E).
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Inlets and bays situated between Ra’s the sea does not break, even in a moderate swell; this area of
Kar bah and Ra’s Ab Madd shoal water is only visible from a short distance off.
2 An unnamed area of reefs and dangerous rocks lies about
Marsá W di al Miy h 3 miles S of Ab Matr
9.138 9.146
1 Description. Marsá Wd al Miyh (26°06′N, 36°30′E) 1 Anchorage may be obtained between Shi‘b M’Mubrak
(not charted by name) is situated about 1 miles SSE of and Ab Matr; small vessels may also obtain anchorage off
Ra’s Kharbah (9.12) and may be identified from the N by a the NE and SE sides of Ab Matr.
bluff sloping towards the low-lying coast which is covered Local knowledge is required for the use of these
with scrub, S of this bluff. anchorages.
Another bluff lies farther S and is covered with black soil
or stones and is not so prominent. Offshore dangers between
9.139 Ra’s Mah r and Ra’s al Lakk
1 Anchorage may be obtained in depths from 31 m to 9.147
37 m off the entrance to Marsá Wd al Miyh. 1 Description. An unnamed coastal bank lies close offshore
Local knowledge is required for the use of this from a position about 7 miles SE of Ra’s Mahr (24°42′N,
anchorage. 37°13′E) (9.110) to Ra’s al Lakk (22 miles SSE); No 12
Light-beacon (W cardinal) (24°24′N, 37°23′E) marks the W
Sharm abb n edge of the S part of this bank.
9.140 Light-beacons numbered 4, 5, 6 and 8, mark various
1 Description. Sharm abbn (26°04′N, 36°34′E) is a dangers within the coastal bank.
narrow inlet, whose shores are fringed by reefs, situated 2 No 2 Light-beacon (S cardinal) (24°31′N, 37°18′E) marks
about 6 miles SE of Ra’s Kharbah (9.12). a detached reef close off the W side of the N part of the
Two projections off fringing reefs of the inlet extend coastal bank.
1 cables and 1 cable, respectively, from the SE side of the No 13 Light-beacon (9.111) marks a detached reef lying
inlet; a detached reef, visible in good light, lies near the close off the SW corner of the coastal bank.
centre of the entrance. The positions of the reef and the two 9.148
projections are indicated by discoloured water. 1 Anchorage. Indifferent anchorage for small vessels may
2 The coast between Sharm abbn and Ra’s Kurkm be obtained on the coastal bank.
(13 miles SSE) (9.113) is low and sandy with low coral There is good anchorage for small vessels on the E side
cliffs, in places. of the large reef near the N end of the coastal bank.
9.141 Local knowledge is required for the use of anchorages on
1 Entry. Pass NW of the detached reef which lies in the this coastal bank.
entrance to the inlet, taking care to clear a projection
extending from the fringing reef which lies off the S Inlets and bays situated between
entrance point. Ra’s Ab Madd and Yanbu‘
9.142 Sharm Mah r
1 Anchorage. Small vessels may obtain a good landlocked 9.149
anchorage in depths from 7 to 9 m, sand and mud, within 1 Description. Sharm Mahr (24°40′N, 37°18′E) is a small
Sharm abbn, passing NW of the detached reef lying in the inlet entered about 3 miles ESE of Ra’s Mahr (9.110).
entrance to the inlet. 2 Moderately high tablelands closely approach the coast in
the vicinity of Sharm Mahr; a deep valley in these
Sharm Munaybirah tablelands forms a remarkable gap which marks the inlet.
9.143
The valley is extensive and spreads out over a considerable
1 Description. Sharm Munaybirah (26°03′N, 36°37′E) is width as it penetrates the interior; its lower part is covered
entered about 2 miles E of Sharm abbn (9.140); an
with bushes and along the valley, about 1 mile inland, there
above-water rock lies within the inlet.
are a few palm trees. The valley appears like the dry bed of
Another inlet, which lies between Sharm abbn and a river; the upper part of the hills on either side considerably
Sharm Munaybirah, also has an above-water rock lying
overhang the valley and many large fragments of them lie
within. scattered within it.
9.144 9.150
1 Anchorage may be obtained in depths from 22 to 55 m,
1 Anchorage. Small vessels may obtain anchorage within
sheltered from NW winds, near the coast in the vicinity of the inlet, which is sheltered from NW winds, in depths of
Sharm Munaybirah.
about 13 m, sand.
Local knowledge is required for the use of this
Local knowledge is required for the use of this
anchorage. anchorage.
Indifferent shelter from strong S breezes is sometimes
Off-lying dangers between Ra’s obtained by local craft in the lee of a small patch of rock
Ab Madd and Yanbu‘ which extends off Ra’s Mahr. Winds often shift suddenly N,
so this shelter is only used in an emergency.
Ab Mat r
9.145 Sharm asy
1 Description. Ab Matr (24°43′N, 37°09′E) is a 9.151
dangerous reef, situated close SE of Shi‘b M’Mubrak 1 Description. Sharm asy (24°38′N, 37°20′E) is entered
(9.110), which extends about 4 miles SE. 8 miles SSE of Ra’s Mahr (9.110); the inlet is fringed by
A shoal area, through which it is dangerous to navigate, reefs which, on their E side, extend up to 3 cables offshore.
lies about 1 mile N of Shi‘b M’Mubrak; a dangerous rock The N half of the inlet is shallow and encumbered with
lies at its NE end. Though this dangerous area is steep-to, reefs.
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9.152 (14 miles SE), the coast is composed of steep coral cliffs
1 Anchorage in the outer part of Sharm asy is not except for that part of the coast in the vicinity of Ra’s Bardi
recommended as the channel is contracted and the bottom (9.111).
foul, but there is good anchorage for small vessels in the Caution. It has been reported on a number of occasions
inner part of the inlet although the N half of the inlet is that the coastline between Ra’s al Lakk and Ra’s Bardi is
shallow. not radar conspicuous and that it does not show up until
within about 20 miles of the shore.
Charts 158, 327 2 Care should be exercised not to confuse the higher
Sharm al Khawr ground, which lies about 10 miles inland and can be detected
9.153 on radar at ranges in excess of 35 miles, with that of the true
1 Description. Sharm al Khawr (24°16′N, 37°40′E) is coastline.
entered about 10 miles E of Ra’s Bardi (9.111) and W of 9.155
Ra’s Jarb which forms the E entrance point to the bay; the 1 Anchorage may be obtained by small vessels W of the
bay is encumbered with dangers. reef fringing Ra’s Jarb and S of the islets extending from
2 No 20 Light-beacon (red pile) (24°14′⋅2N, 37°39′⋅0E) the W side of the bay.
stands on the SE part of the reef extending from the W Local knowledge. Any attempt to enter or to anchor
entrance point to Sharm al Khawr; No 21 Light-beacon (N within Sharm al Khawr without previous examination, or
cardinal) (24°13′⋅8N, 37°39′⋅3E) stands about 5 cables farther without local knowledge, would be dangerous.
SE; further light-beacons mark the passage into the bay.
3 A bank, on which there are numerous dangers, extends Sharm Yanbu‘
about 13 miles SE from the W entrance point to the bay. 9.156
No 23 Light-beacon (S cardinal) (24°11′⋅3N, 37°39′⋅7E) 1 Description. Sharm Yanbu‘ (24°10′N, 37°57′E) is entered
marks the S side of a reef situated near the central part of about 11 miles SE of Ra’s Jarb (9.153) through a gap in
this dangerous bank; No 26 Light-beacon (E cardinal) the coastal reef.
(24°08′⋅5N, 37°43′⋅6E) stands in the centre of a reef situated No 27 Light-beacon (red pile) (24°08′⋅5N, 37°55′⋅5E)
towards the SW end of this bank. A detached shoal, with a marks the outer end of the W side of the entrance to the
least depth over it of 7 m, lies about 1 miles SW of No 23 inlet; No 28 Light-beacon (green pile) (24°08′⋅4N,
Light-beacon. East Reef Light-buoy (E cardinal) (24°05′⋅6N, 37°55′⋅8E) marks the outer end of the E side.
37°47′⋅2E) (9.193) marks the SE end of this bank. 2 In 1976 a depth of 12⋅8 m was reported to lie in the
4 Caution. Mariners are warned that in the waters covered entrance to Sharm Yanbu‘; depths of 12⋅8 and 18⋅3 m were
by this paragraph, navigational hazards may exist that were reported within the inlet.
not located during survey work. 9.157
See the source data diagram on the chart. 1 Anchorage. Small vessels may obtain good anchorage
9.154 within the inlet in depths from 12 to 15 m, hard sand.
1 Local topography. Between Ra’s al Lakk (24°24′N, Local knowledge is required for the use of this
37°24′E) and the W entrance point to Sharm al Khawr anchorage.
YANBU‘ AL BA R
GENERAL INFORMATION 2 The town stands on the N side of the port on low, sandy
land, destitute of vegetation and fringed, in places, by a coral
Charts 158, 326, 327 reef.
Position The older houses within the town are of a rough
9.158 construction of limestone and coral.
1 Yanbu‘ al Bar (24°04′N, 38°04′E) is situated on the E
side of the N central part of the Red Sea, about 12 miles Port limits
NW of Mn’ al Malik Fahd (King Fahd Port) (23°57′N,
9.161
38°13′E) (9.201).
1 The port limits for Mn’ al Malik Fahd (9.205) cover the
Function approaches to Yanbu‘ al Bar, as shown on the chart.
9.159 The port of Yanbu‘ al Bar lies immediately outside the
1 Yanbu‘ al Bar is the second largest port on the W coast N limit of the port limits of Mn’ al Malik Fahd.
of Saudi Arabia.
In 1992 the population of Yanbu‘ al Bar was Approaches
approximately 40 000. 9.162
Trade. The principal imports are grain and cement. 1 Yanbu‘ is approached through one of two designated
approach channels, as shown on the charts. These channels
Description are about 3 miles wide and lead either 42 miles NNE, or
9.160 47 miles E, from the central part of the Red Sea.
1 Yanbu‘ al Bar, often referred to as just Yanbu‘, is the The use of these channels, which were surveyed in 1981,
port of the holy city of Al Madnah and has rapidly grown is obligatory. All vessels who should keep within the
in importance. channel limits, which are shown on the charts.
Yanbu‘ is a natural harbour sheltered by the mainland to Caution. Those areas outside the limits shown on the
the N and E, and by coral reefs to the S and SE; it is chart are largely unsurveyed. See the individual chart source
approached through a channel about 1 mile long. data diagrams.
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Traffic significant increase in the mean sea level after the gale has
9.163 passed or as it moderates.
1 In 2003 the port of Yanbu‘ was visited by a total of 433
vessels. Density
9.172
Port Authority 1 1⋅025 g/cm3.
9.164
1 The harbour is administered by the Seaports Authority of
Local weather
9.173
Saudi Arabia (SEAPA), Yanbu‘ Port Management, PO Box
1 A diurnal sea breeze/land breeze cycle occurs most days
30325, Madnat Yanbu‘ Al in‘yah, Yanbu‘, Saudi Arabia.
throughout the year with wind speeds of 10 kn and above
Off-lying dangers blowing from the NW during the late afternoon.
9.165 Gales occur as frequently as every 5 to 10 days and can
1 Shi‘b al-Qirn (23°53′N, 38°04′E) is a reef lying about sometimes last as long as 2 weeks.
9 miles SE of Shi‘b al-Qariyyah (9.193) on an area of shoal 2 Although there is little drop in barometric pressure, and
water on the SW side of the dangerous off-lying bank which very rarely any precipitation during these gales, wind speeds
extends NW from Yanbu‘ South Light (23°28′N, 38°26′E) of up to 30 kn may blow from the N or NW.
(9.108). There are many other rocky patches situated on this The incidence of fog is rare but, should it occur, it is
off-lying bank; further uncharted dangers may well exist. most likely during the period from November to April.
No 33 Light-beacon (E cardinal; black pile, yellow band) 3 During the summer months between May and September
(23°52′⋅5N, 38°04′⋅6E) is exhibited from the ESE end of the incidence of poor visibility (less than 5 miles) can be
Shi‘b al-Qirn. quite high, due to mist and haze or dust particles held in
2 No 31 Light-beacon (N cardinal; yellow pile, black top) suspension in the atmosphere. Dust storms may occur
(23°54′⋅8N, 38°01′⋅8E) is exhibited from an unnamed reef throughout the year obscuring the coastline.
which lies near the NW end of Shi‘b al-Qirn.
Currents
No 30 Light-beacon (isolated danger; black pile, red band)
9.174
(23°57′⋅2N, 37°57′⋅6E) is exhibited from an unnamed,
1 Currents in this vicinity are influenced by the local wind
isolated coral patch which lies on the off-lying bank about
conditions, the tide, and the general circulatory pattern of
3 miles S of Shi‘b al-Qariyyah.
currents within the Red Sea.
9.166
Within the port, currents of less than kn have been
1 A reef, marked on its W side by No 36 Light-beacon (W
observed running parallel to the coast.
cardinal) (23°50′⋅4N, 38°08′⋅1E) lies on the SW side of the
off-lying bank. Anchorage
A shoal, with a least depth over it of 15⋅6 m, lies about 9.175
1 miles W of No 36 Light-beacon. 1 Due to the considerable depths, strong NW winds and the
9.167 heavy swell experienced, safe anchorage cannot be obtained
1 No 42 Light-beacon (W cardinal; yellow pile, black band) off Yanbu‘. For anchorage berths off Mn’ al Malik Fahd
(23°39′N, 38°18′E) is exhibited from close NW of an (23°57′N, 38°13′E) see 9.235.
unnamed coral patch situated on the W side of the off-lying Caution. Any vessel which obtains temporary anchorage
bank, about 13 miles NNW of Yanbu‘ South Light (9.108). off Yanbu‘ should keep its main engines at short notice.
No 43 Light-beacon (W cardinal; yellow pile, black band)
(23°31′N, 38°21′E) is exhibited from the W corner of an Arrival information
unnamed reef situated on the W side of the off-lying bank,
about 5 miles NW of Yanbu‘ South Light. Saudi Ship Reporting System
9.176
Limiting conditions 1 The Saudi Ship Reporting System (SSRS) is a voluntary
service for vessels in the Red Sea. Reports should be sent to
Controlling depth Jeddah (HZH) addressed to Saudi Ship Reporting System
9.168 (SSRS) Jeddah.
1 Both the entrance channel to the inner basin, and the For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
main harbour area are dredged to 12⋅0 m (1979). Signals, Volume 1.
Deepest and longest berths Vessel Traffic Service and Reporting System
9.169 9.177
1 Berths Nos 5 to 9 have depths alongside of 12⋅0 m; 1 A Vessel Traffic Service and Reporting System operates
Berths Nos 5 to 7 have a combined total length of about for the ports of Yanbu‘ al Bar and Mn’ al Malik Fahd
800 m. (King Fahd Port) (9.201).
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
Tidal levels Signals, Volume 6 (3).
9.170
1 See information in Admiralty Tide Tables, Volume 3. Mean Port radio
spring range about 0⋅3 m. 9.178
1 Yanbu‘ Commercial Port Control radio station controls the
Abnormal levels operations of the port and will liaise with terminal operators
9.171 and emergency services; vessels should contact Yanbu‘ Port
1 Though the tidal range at Yanbu‘ is small, fluctuations Control 2 hours before arrival.
caused by gales can result in a fall of mean sea level of up For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
to 0⋅6 m during the period of bad weather, followed by a Signals, Volume 6 (3).
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situated about 2 miles E of Ra’s Bardi (24°16′N, 37°31′E) 2 NW of Umm Nukth Light-beacon (black beacon, red
(9.111) for those of the town of Yanbu‘. band; isolated danger) which is exhibited from the
middle part of Umm Nukth, a drying reef. Umm
Traffic separation scheme Nukth No 2Q Light-buoy (S cardinal) is moored
9.192 near the SE end of the shoal which extends SE
1 The Approaches to Yanbu‘ TSS, which is not IMO from Umm Nukth. Thence:
adopted, leads generally E for about 20 miles from a position 3 NW of Umm Nukth No 1 Light-buoy (8 cables N) (N
6 miles W of Shi‘b ash-Sharm Light (24°03′N, 37°52′E) cardinal) moored on the N side of Umm Nukth,
(9.193) to Yanbu‘. thence:
The scheme then continues SE for a further 7 miles to 4 Across the NE bound lane of the TSS and into the
the N part of the approaches to Mn’ al Malik Fahd. short approach spur of the Approaches to Yanbu‘
2 The S part of this TSS leads generally N for about TSS (9.192) which leads to the outer end of Yanbu‘
33 miles from a position about 5 miles S of Yanbu‘ South Harbour entrance channel.
Light (23°28′⋅1N, 38°25′⋅5E) (9.108) to the S part of the (Directions continue for Yanbu‘ at 9.196
approaches to Mn’ al Malik Fahd (9.201). and for MØnº’ al Malik Fahd at 9.195)
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Port, passing, (with positions given from No 6 Light-beacon about 1900 m of berthing space, with berths numbered from
(24°04′⋅3N, 38°03′⋅3E)): No 1 to No 9. Nos 5 − 9 include Ro-Ro facilities.
2 NW of No 1A Light-buoy (7 cables SW) (starboard
hand) which is moored off the W corner of a
detached reef which lies W of the coastal reef which
fronts the port; dangerous rocks lie between this
detached reef and the coastal reef. Thence: Port services
3 SE of No 2 Light-beacon (6 cables SW) marking the
SE edge of the coastal reef on the NW side of the
entrance. A radio mast stands on the outer end of a Facilities
short peninsula about 250 m NNE of the beacon, 9.198
thence: 1 Hospital; mechanical lift dock 3396 tonnes; minor repairs
NW of No 1 Light-beacon (5 m high) (4 cables SW) can be undertaken; a number of 300-tonne self-propelled
and No 3 Light-buoy (starboard hand) close NNE, barges and a number of 200-tonne lighters available; floating
thence: crane 200 tonnes capacity; mobile cranes up to 90 tonnes
4 SE of No 4 Light-buoy (3 cables SW) (port hand). lifting capacity plus one of 200 tonnes capacity; cement
Thence: unloader and storage silos.
SE of No 6 Light-beacon exhibited from the SE side
of a small island situated on the NW side of the
entrance channel, thence: Supplies
5 NW of No 5 Light-buoy (1 cables SE) (starboard 9.199
hand), thence: 1 Fresh water; bunker fuel available by barge or road
SE of No 8 Light-buoy (2 cables ENE) (port hand). tanker; fresh and frozen provisions.
Thence:
NW of No 7 Light-buoy (4 cables ENE) (starboard
hand) and then into the basin which forms the port
of Yanbu‘. Communications
9.200
Berths 1 Airport N of the town which has connecting flights with
other parts of Saudi Arabia; international flights are made via
Alongside berths Jeddah (9.342) or Riyadh.
9.197 There is regular communication by sea with other Red
1 The N side of the harbour provides a total length of Sea ports.
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Tankers bound for the terminal should embark their pilot Communications
in the S pilot boarding position (9.182). 9.250
2 There are no facilities for the disposal of oily wastes at 1 See 9.200.
the terminal.
Berth No 101, the SE-most berth, can accommodate
tankers of between 35 000 and 300 000 dwt with a Sharm Burayqah
maximum length of 347 m, a maximum beam of 61 m and a
maximum draught of 26⋅2 m. Chart 326
Berth No 102, the middle berth, can accommodate tankers 9.251
of between 100 000 and 500 000 dwt with a maximum 1 Description. Sharm Burayqah (23°38′N, 38°32′E) is
length of 421 m, a maximum beam of 61 m and a maximum entered about 13 miles SSE of Ra’s al Ma‘ajjiz (9.229),
draught of 29⋅6 m. between steeply rising rocks which lie on both sides of an
3 Berth No 103, the NW-most berth, can accommodate entrance approximately 46 m wide; the inlet dries for about
tankers of between 35 000 and 300 000 dwt with a 1 miles from its head.
maximum length of 347 m, a maximum beam of 61 m and a The ruins of a fort stand N of the head of the inlet; the
maximum draught of 26⋅2 m. ruins of a town lie a little farther N.
9.252
1 Anchorage. may be obtained by small vessels within the
inlet in depths from 5⋅5 to 11 m.
Port services Local knowledge is required for the use of this
anchorage.
Facilities
Ghubbat ar Ru’ays
9.248
1 Hospital; private medical clinic; reception facilities for Chart 158
oily wastes available at berth Nos 42, 54, 55, 91, 92, 93 and 9.253
94; no facilities for major repairs but minor repairs can be 1 Description. Ghubbat ar Ru’ays (23°33′N, 38°35′E),
undertaken by local workshops. known locally as Marsa Sabir, is entered E of Ar-Ra’s al
Abay
(9.227); the bay, which is encumbered with reefs, has
an islet near its centre.
Supplies 9.254
9.249 1 Anchorage. A safe anchorage may be obtained by small
1 Fresh water; bunker fuel available at the General Cargo vessels within the bay.
and Container Terminal, Bulk Terminal and Export Refinery Local knowledge is essential for the use of this
Terminal; fresh provisions. anchorage.
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2 Dangerous detached shoals and reefs, over which the sea end of Shi‘b Nazar; and a further light-buoy (starboard hand)
breaks during periods of strong W winds, lie close N of the marking the W side of a drying rock which lies close S of
reef; a further detached reef lies about 5 cables ENE of the the designated channel.
light.
A light-buoy is moored on the E edge of the reef, about Limiting conditions
2 cables E of Shi‘b Mismar Light (9.264); a stranded wreck
lies at the N end of the area of detached shoals, about Controlling depth
6 cables N of the light. 9.291
9.282 1 The inner approach channel which leads to the pilot
1 Caution. The area of reefs lying S of Shi‘b Mismar boarding position was swept to a depth of 14 m (1978).
should be given a wide berth. Uncharted coral heads may
exist within the 100 m depth contour in this area. Arrival information
See 9.260 and 9.345. Port operations
9.283 9.292
1 Current. Many years ago approaching Shi‘b Mismar on 1 The port is used almost exclusively by military traffic.
an E course, during a period of N winds of force 3, a
S-going current of 1 kn was experienced. Port radio
9.284 9.293
1 Anchorage may be obtained in periods of calm weather, 1 There is a port radio at Mn al Qa
mah; the port radio
as shown on the chart, in a position with Shi‘b Mismar is operational during the hours of daylight only.
Light (9.264) bearing 210°, distant 6 cables, in depths of For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
about 27 m, sand and coral. Signals, Volume 6 (3).
Anchorage may also be obtained, as shown on the chart,
in a position with Shi‘b Mismar Light bearing 015°, distant Outer anchorages
2 cables, in depths of about 24 m. 9.294
1 Anchorage may be obtained, as shown on the chart, in a
position W of the inner coastal reef, close N of the pilot
MN ’AL QA MAH boarding position (22°21′N, 39°04′E), in depths from 15 to
20 m.
General information 9.295
Chart 2659 1 Small vessels may obtain indifferent anchorage off the NE
Position side of Shi‘b Nazar (22°20′N, 38°51′E) (9.265); foul ground,
9.285 and a drying reef, extend about 1 miles E from the middle
1 Mn al Qa
mah (22°21′N, 39°06′E) is situated on the E of the narrow reef which lies along the W side of the
side of the middle part of the Red Sea, about 53 miles N of off-lying bank (9.325).
the port of Jeddah (9.342). 9.296
1 Several anchorages, suitable for use by small vessels, are
Function situated off the coast between Ra’s Makhlq (22°19′N,
9.286 39°06′E) (9.265) and Ra’s abah (20 miles SSW) (9.266).
1 Mn al Qa
mah is principally used for the unloading of They are difficult to approach owing to the off-lying dangers
military equipment; except in an emergency, no commercial along this part of the coast.
vessels call at the port. Local knowledge is required for the use of these
anchorages.
Topography
9.287 Pilotage
1 The coast in the vicinity of Mn al Qa
mah, between 9.297
Ra’s Khurmah (22°24′N, 39°04′E) (9.256) and Ra’s 1 The pilot boards W of the inner coastal reef in position
Makhlq (5 miles S) (9.265), is low and sandy. 22°21′N, 39°04′E, as shown on the chart, near the inner end
of the second reach of the designated entrance channel.
Port Authority Pilotage is compulsory and is only available during the
9.288 hours of daylight.
1 The harbour is administered by the Seaports Authority of For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
Saudi Arabia (SEAPA), PO Box 5162, Riyadh, Saudi Signals, Volume 6 (3).
Arabia.
Tugs
Local regulations 9.298
9.289 1 Tugs are available.
1 The harbour is a closed area within which landing is
prohibited. Regulations concerning entry
9.299
Approach and entry 1 Before entering the approach channel permission should
9.290 be obtained from Mn al Qa
mah Port Control.
1 The port is approached through a designated channel
about 5 cables wide, as shown on the chart, which initially Harbour
leads about 6 miles ENE, then 4 miles ESE, to the pilot
boarding position (22°21′N, 39°04′E). General layout
2 The outer approach channel is entered SE of the S end of 9.300
Shi‘b Nazar (22°20′N, 38°51′E) (9.265), between a 1 The main quay is constructed on the reef on the E side of
light-buoy (port hand) moored off the SE corner of the S the harbour.
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Directions for entering harbour NNE of the light-buoy (starboard hand) (2 miles
WSW) and then to the pilot boarding position
Entrance channel (9.297), thence:
9.301 3 NNE of P−05 Light-beacon (2 miles SW), and SSW
1 From a position about 2 miles WSW of the S end of of P−04 Light-beacon (1 miles SW), which stand
Shi‘b Nazar (22°20′N, 38°51′E) (9.265) the track leads on each side of the gap in the coastal reef. The gap
through the designated entrance channel, passing (with leads to a short channel, marked by beacons, which
positions given from P−05 Light-beacon (22°20′⋅0N, leads NNE to the vicinity of the harbour. A small
39°04′⋅1E)): islet stands on the coastal reef about 4 cables S of
SSE of the light-buoy (port hand) (11 miles W) P−05 Light-beacon.
moored close SE of the S end of Shi‘b Nazar,
thence:
NNW of the light-buoy (starboard hand) (10 miles Berths
W) marking the W side of a drying rock, thence: Alongside berths
2 NNW of the beacon (6 miles W) (position 9.303
approximate; racon) which stands near the W edge 1 The main quay, situated on the E side of the harbour, is
of the shoal water on the S side of the outer about 400 m long, with depths alongside from 13 to 14 m.
approach channel. Thence: The NE side of the main quay is about 200 m long with
Clear of the light-buoy (safe water mark) (4 miles alongside depths of 7 m alongside.
WNW) and into the narrower inner reach of the Two pontoons, each about 150 m long and 25 m wide,
approach channel. project WNW from the W face of the quay.
9.302 Ro-Ro facilities are situated at the S end of the quay.
1 Leading beacons:
Front light-beacon P−02 (cylinder topmark)
Port services
(22°20′⋅0N, 39°04′⋅8E) which stands about 4 miles
S of Ra’s Khurmah (9.256) near the W edge of the Facilities
coastal reef. 9.304
Rear beacon (cone, point down topmark) (about 1 Mobile cranes; floating crane with a lifting capacity of
1 cable from front light-beacon). 150 tonnes.
2 The alignment (103°) of these leading beacons, as shown
on the chart, leads through the inner reach of the approach Supplies
channel, passing (with positions given from P−06 9.305
Light-beacon (22°21′⋅7N, 39°05′⋅7E)): 1 Provisions are not available. It is recommended to have
SSW of the light-buoy (port hand) (2 miles WSW), ample stocks of provisions and fresh water as there may be
thence: long delays before berthing.
R BIGH
GENERAL INFORMATION The harbour is then entered to the NE, passing between
Ra’s el Auliya (22°44′⋅4N, 38°59′⋅3E) (9.332) and Ra’s Abu
Charts 64, 158 Disba (5 cables S) (9.332).
Position
9.306 Traffic
1 Rbigh (22°44′N, 39°00′E) is situated on the E side of 9.309
the middle part of the Red Sea, about 76 miles N of the port 1 In 2003 the port was visited by a total of 42 vessels.
of Jeddah (9.342).
Port Authority
Function 9.310
9.307 1 The harbour is administered by Petromin Petrola Rbigh
1 Sharm Rbigh was an inlet dredged to allow the Refinery Co, PO Box 180, Rbigh 21911, Saudi Arabia.
construction of Rbigh Industrial Port, which comprises a Cautions
berthing facility for the loading of VLCCs handling the oil 9.311
and oil products of the large oil refinery situated close S of 1 The vicinity of Rbigh lies within the IALA Maritime
the harbour. Buoyage System Region A (red to port). Mariners are
advised that some buoys and beacons may not conform to
Approach and entry the IALA system.
9.308
2 Mariners are warned that several rocks, rocks awash, and
1 The port of Rbigh is approached passing S of Shi‘b al underwater rocks dangerous to navigation (ED) have been
Khamsa (22°46′N, 38°37′E) (9.265); and S of the line, as
reported (2004) in the approaches to Rabigh. The port
shown on the chart, which joins Shi‘b al Khamsa Light
authorities should be contacted for the latest information.
(9.264) with a point about 8 cables SE of the beacon
standing on the S end of Shi‘b al Bayda (22°44′N, 38°48′E)
Limiting conditions
(9.330). See caution at 9.326.
2 The approach then continues ENE, through the designated Controlling depth
approach channel, as shown on the chart, passing N of Tanta 9.312
Rock (22°43′⋅6N, 38°56′⋅0E) (9.331); then SE to a position 1 The turning basin in the NW part of the harbour is
off the harbour entrance. dredged to 26 m.
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Deepest and longest berth 3 Small vessel anchorage. Five anchorage berths for small
9.313 vessels, designated S1 to S5, have been established, as
1 Liquid Cargo Berths Nos 2 and 3 have depths alongside shown on the chart, SE of Tanta Rock (22°43′⋅6N,
of 26 m, and can handle vessels up to a maximum length of 38°56′⋅0E) (9.331), in depths from about 10 m to over 50 m,
400 m. sand and coral.
9.321
1 Small vessels may obtain anchorage among the reefs on
Tidal levels the off-lying bank (9.325) which extends S from Tanta Rock
9.314 (22°43′⋅6N, 38°56′⋅0E) (9.331).
1 See information in Admiralty Tide Tables, Volume 3. Mean Small vessels may also obtain anchorage SW of the coral
spring range about 0⋅4 m. heads which lie on Ab Sahim (22°39′N, 38°53′E) (9.331).
Local knowledge is required for the use of these outer
small vessel anchorages.
Maximum size of vessel handled 9.322
9.315 1 Small vessels may also obtain a well sheltered anchorage
1 The Liquid Cargo Berths can handle tankers up to at the head of the harbour in depths from 10 to 20 m, sand
325 000 dwt. and coral.
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Rábigh (9.328)
(Original dated 1999)
(Photograph − Crown Copyright)
gives the responsibilities of the master, and his owners, for Sahim (9.331), noting the shoal, with a least depth
any pollution originating from his vessel. over it of 12⋅7 m, which lies close off the SE end
Customs officials may board in the anchorage or at the of the S end of Shi‘b al Bayda.
berth. 9.331
1 The track then continues ENE through the approach
channel, passing (with positions given from Tanta Rock
Harbour (22°43′⋅6N, 38°56′⋅0E)):
NNW of Ab Sahim (5 miles SSW), a reef on which
Chart 64 plan of Rºbigh Industrial Port there are several coral heads, some of which dry,
General layout thence:
9.328 NNW of a detached shoal patch (2 miles WSW) with
1 The port of Rbigh is entered NE of the Fairway a least depth over it of 32 m, thence:
Light-buoy (22°43′⋅5N, 38°58′⋅0E) (9.331), through a short 2 NNW of Tanta Rock which stands on the N end of a
entrance channel marked by light-beacons, which leads into a collection of reefs that lie at the N end of the
turning basin situated in the NW part of the inner harbour off-lying bank which extends about 25 miles S to
basin. Shi‘b Nazar (9.265). A small detached reef lies
The Liquid Cargo Berths lie on the NE side of the inner about 100 m N of the Tanta Rock. Tanta Rock
basin. No 14 Light-beacon (N cardinal) stands near the
2 The Pioneer Port lies on the S side of the inner end of centre of the reef. Thence:
the entrance channel, close W of the Port Control Tower 3 N of No 15 Light-buoy (N cardinal) (1 mile N) which
(22°44′⋅2N, 38°59′⋅8E). marks the N end of the off-lying bank, thence:
A Dry Cargo Pier lies about 240 m S of No 3 NE of Tanta Rock, thence:
Light-beacon. SW of Shaab Naaly No 18 Beacon (W cardinal)
(2 miles ENE) which stands on the edge of the
coastal reef NW of the entrance to Rbigh Industrial
Tidal streams Port, then to the vicinity of the Fairway Light-buoy
9.329 (special) (1 miles E).
1 Tidal streams within the harbour are weak and scarcely
perceptible.
Entrance channel
9.332
Directions for entering harbour 1 From the vicinity of the Fairway Light-buoy (22°43′⋅5N,
38°58′⋅0E) the track leads about 2 miles ENE through the
Chart 64 entrance channel, marked by a buoy and light-beacons
Approaches (lateral), to the turning basin situated NW of the Liquid
9.330 Cargo Port, passing (with positions given from No 3
1 From an initial position about 4 miles SW of Shi‘b al Light-beacon (22°44′⋅2N, 38°59′⋅4E)):
Khamsa Light-beacon (22°45′N, 38°37′E) (9.264) the track 2 SSE of a light-buoy (8 cables WSW) which marks the
leads about 24 miles generally E, passing: SW extremity of shoal water which extends off the
2 S of Shi‘b al Khamsa No 12 Light-beacon (9.264) S side of the coastal reef, thence:
which stands on the S end of Shi‘b al Khamsa SSE of No 2 Buoy (4 cables WSW) moored S of
(9.265), and S of the line, as shown on the chart Kad el Sheik, which forms part of the coastal reef,
which joins Shi‘b al Khamsa No 12 Light-beacon and:
and a point about 8 cables SE of the beacon 3 NNW of the edge of the coastal reef which extends W
standing on the S end of Shi‘b al Bayda (22°44′N, of Ra’s Abu Disba, thence:
38°48′E). See caution at 9.326. Thence: SSE of Ra’s el Auliya (2 cables N) the extremity of a
3 S of Shi‘b al Bayda No 13 Light-beacon (S cardinal) peninsula formed by a low ridge of hard sand,
(22°42′⋅8N, 38°48′⋅2E) which is exhibited from the thence:
S end of Shi‘b al Bayda, a drying reef which is 4 NNW of Rbigh Port Control Tower (4 cables E)
steep-to but is connected to Ab Sahim (9.331) by which stands on the peninsula separating the
a below-water ridge, thence: Pioneer Port from the Liquid Cargo Port, thence:
4 Clear of the shoal patch (22°41′⋅8N, 38°49′⋅0E) with a Into the turning basin which is marked at its NW
depth of 31 m over it which lies at the outer end of extremity by No 7 Light-beacon (S cardinal)
the designated approach channel to Rbigh, on an (7 cables NNE), and at its E extremity by No 9
underwater ridge joining Shi‘b al Bayda and Ab Light-beacon (starboard hand) (8 cables ENE).
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CHAPTER 9
JEDDAH
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Deepest and longest berths The most extreme air temperatures recorded in recent
9.358 years in Jeddah have been 49°C in May, and 6°C in
1 Berths Nos 1 to 3, situated on the N side of the entrance February.
to the commercial port, have a combined length of 700 m Temperatures offshore are generally several degrees lower.
and are dredged to 15 m (2002). 9.365
Berth Nos 50 to 56, situated in the outer SW part of the 1 Relative humidity. The relative humidity varies
main commercial port, have alongside depths of 15⋅5 m. throughout the year with average values between 65% and
Berth Nos 51 to 56 have a combined berthing face of 70% in winter and 50% to 55% in summer, but values of
1⋅5 km. 100% may occur for short periods around dawn.
9.366
1 Winds. The prevailing winds throughout the year are
from the N or NW with a speed of about 15 kn increasing
Tidal levels during the afternoon.
9.359 2 Storms occur as frequently as every 5 to 10 days and
1 See information in Admiralty Tide Tables, Volume 3. Mean sometimes can last as long as two weeks. Although there is
spring range about 0⋅2 m. little fall in the barometric pressure during these storms, and
Fluctuations, caused by storms, can increase this range to very rarely any precipitation, wind speeds of up to 40 kn
0⋅5 m. may occur from the N or NW. During the winter months,
sudden changes of wind direction may occur from N or NW
to S. Sometimes sudden changes of wind direction occur in
summer, usually in August, with speeds of up to 40 kn
which may last for about 3 days.
Abnormal levels 9.367
9.360 1 Sea conditions can vary considerably within the port
1 The summer low water levels are about 0⋅6 m below limits; there is no distinct seasonal change in this variation.
those of winter. Wave heights in the port area are usually lower than
During summer, when N winds prevail, many of the 0⋅4 m during sea breezes, but during storms waves in excess
banks dry. There is usually about 0⋅9 m less water than of 2⋅0 m are common outside the offshore reefs, whilst
during the period of S winds which prevail over the S part waves exceeding 1⋅0 m are common within the port area.
of the Red Sea in winter. 9.368
Many years ago, during a N gale which lasted for five 1 Sea-water temperature rises similarly with air
days, the water level fell about 1⋅5 m. temperature and ranges between 20°C and 31°C.
9.369
1 Visibility. The incidence of fog is rare, but should it
occur, it is more likely during the period November to April.
Density of water During the summer months between May and September
9.361 the incidence of poor visibility, of less than 5 miles, can be
1 1⋅030 g/cm3. quite high due to mist and haze.
Dust storms, obscuring the coastline, may occur
throughout the year.
9.370
Maximum size of vessel handled 1 Climatic table. See 1.275 and 1.285.
9.362
1 The normal maximum permissible draught is 13⋅5 m;
vessels up to 300 m in length are berthed regularly. There
are no other restrictions on size of vessel.
The largest vessel to berth in the port had a beam of over Currents
43 m. 9.371
1 General remarks. Local wind conditions, tide, and the
general circulatory pattern of the Red Sea influence currents
in the area.
Local weather Generally currents within the port have been observed at
9.363 less than kn and set parallel to the coast. They are
1 Climate. The climate, though hot, is not unhealthy; sea considerably influenced by surface wind activity.
breezes cool the air. The rainy season is during the months 9.372
of November and December and is limited to a few showers. 1 Winter. Many years ago, during the months of November
The average rainfall taken over a four year period was and December, outside the off-lying reefs in the approaches
3⋅2 mm. to Jeddah, a constant N-going current was experienced.
Local weather lore says that when the wind remains N Within the reefs the currents experienced were weak and
during the night, a strong N wind may be expected the irregular.
following day; when the wind inclines to the E in the early In March, a number of years ago, during a period of NW
morning, the breeze will be light and the weather fine. winds, in a position about 10 miles seaward of the outer line
9.364 of the off-lying reefs off Jeddah, a SE-going current of about
1 Temperature. In winter the air temperature range is kn was experienced.
between 25°C during the day and about 12°C at night. In 9.373
summer the range is between 35°C during the day and about 1 Summer. In April, a number of years ago, during a
25°C at night. period of a N wind of force 3, in a position about 8 miles
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seaward of the outer line of the off-lying reefs off Jeddah, a depth over it of 6⋅4 m and marked by Buoy C (conical,
S-going current of about 1 kn was experienced. yellow), lies close WNW of the wreck.
In May many years ago, during a period of N winds, an Buoy A (21°28′⋅4N, 39°08′⋅1E) (conical, yellow) and
E-going current of 2 kn was experienced in the approaches Buoy B (4 cables NE) (conical, yellow) mark reefs and
to Jeddah. In the month of September, a similar number of shoals on the NW side of the anchorage.
years ago, during a period of N winds, a N-going current 3 Several anchors have been lost in the area of foul ground,
was experienced. coral and rock, which lies in the SE part of the anchorage,
about 2 cables S of the charted wreck.
This anchorage lies within the port limits and may only
Arrival information be used by authorised vessels with the aid of a pilot.
Port operations 9.379
9.374 1 Anchorage B (21°27′⋅0N, 39°07′⋅2E) lies E of Shi‘b
1 The port of Jeddah was built on land reclaimed from the Qaam (21°27′⋅2N, 39°06′⋅6E) (9.399); the anchorage has
coastal reefs; the port has numerous alongside berths with depths generally from 18 m to 49 m, over coral, mud, sand
depths alongside of up 15⋅5 m. and shell.
There are facilities in the port for the handling of A shoal, with a least depth over it of 9 m, lies in the SE
container and Ro-Ro traffic, general cargo and livestock; part of the anchorage; a dangerous wreck lies just outside the
there is a ship repair yard, an oil terminal, a naval harbour NW corner of the anchorage, close SE of No 15 Light-buoy
and further extensive commercial berthing. on an area of shoal water with a least depth over it of
Jeddah is a major bunkering port, vessels calling for 10⋅1 m.
bunkers account for the majority of shipping calling at the 2 A shoal area, with a least depth over it of 5 m, lies close
port. outside the NE corner of the anchorage; No 13 Light-buoy
marks this area of shoals.
This anchorage lies within the port limits and may only
Port radio be used by authorised vessels with the aid of a pilot.
9.375 9.380
1 Jeddah Port Control radio station controls the operations 1 Anchorage W1 (21°27′⋅2N, 39°08′⋅6E) lies between Ab
of the port; vessels should contact Jeddah Port Control when rith (9.403) and the shoals extending S of ’Irq al Lt
within VHF range. (9.403); the anchorage has depths generally from 16 to 35 m,
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio over coral, mud, sand and shell.
Signals, Volume 6 (3). 2 A danger area lies in the NW part of the anchorage, about
5 cables SW of Bawbat al Mamarr ad Dkhilyah (Inner
Notice of ETA Gateway) South Light-beacon which stands on the N end of
9.376 Ab rith; shoals, with least depths over them from 8 to
1 Vessels should notify their ETA 5 days, 4 days and 3 9 m, lie on the E side of the N part of the anchorage.
days in advance of their arrival. 3 This is a working anchorage within the port limits and
Vessels should then confirm their ETA 48 hours and may only be used with the aid of a pilot.
24 hours before arrival through Jeddah Radio (HZH). 9.381
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio 1 Anchorage C (21°27′⋅3N, 39°04′⋅0E) lies E of Al
Signals, Volume 6 (3). Kharrbah al Baryah (9.443); the anchorage has depths
generally from 25 m to 60 m.
A shoal, with a least depth over it of 16 m, lies in the
Outer anchorages NW corner of the anchorage. No 3 Light-buoy (N cardinal)
9.377 is moored in the S part of the anchorage about 1 cables N
1 General remarks. Before receiving any service at the of Al Wastn (9.444), a dangerous underwater rock, over
anchorage, clearance must first be received from Jeddah Port which the sea breaks when there is any swell.
Control. 2 This anchorage lies outside the port limits and is
Anchorage is only available for vessels awaiting bunkers, designated for use by vessels with dangerous cargoes.
stores, quarantine clearance or crew changes. 9.382
2 Bulk carriers and all other vessels are not permitted to 1 Anchorage D (21°27′⋅3N, 39°05′⋅2E) lies E of
anchor off the port, so such vessels must adjust their ETA to Anchorage C; the anchorage has depths generally from 40 m
allow for berthing on arrival. The Port Authority may fine to 82 m.
the agent if this instruction is not complied with. If a bulk The E part of the anchorage is a foul area where coral
carrier gives an ETA and its intended berth is not free, it heads are known to exist.
will usually be instructed to steam at slow speed outside the This anchorage lies outside the port limits and is
port limits to arrive off the port when the berth has become designated for use by dry cargo vessels.
available. 9.383
9.378 1 Anchorage E (21°23′⋅9N, 39°05′⋅0E) lies W of Ash
1 Anchorage areas have been established off Jeddah as Shi‘bayn (21°24′N, 39°06′E) (9.409) which itself lies S of
shown on the charts; their position, description and the S entry channel (9.350) to the port. The anchorage has
allocation are as follows: depths from 30 m to 82 m.
Anchorage A (21°28′⋅5N, 39°08′⋅5E) lies W of the The JRD pilot boarding position (9.400) is situated near
Jeddah Ship Repair Yard (9.430); the anchorage has depths the centre of the anchorage.
generally from 8 m to 22 m, over mainly sand and shell. This anchorage lies outside the port limits and is
2 A wreck, with a least depth over it of 7⋅6 m, lies in the designated for use by tankers and also as an overflow
middle of the E side of the anchorage; a shoal, with a least anchorage.
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3 A visual approach between sunrise and mid-morning is E (9.383); No 9 Light-buoy (W cardinal) is moored
difficult due to the glare of the sun. In summer the visibility on the SW side of a shoal, with a least depth over
is often poor due to dust in the atmosphere, such that the it of 6⋅8 m, which lies about 2 cables SW of the
shore marks may not be visible from the vicinity of Rocky reef. An area, through which it would be unsafe to
Bank (9.439). navigate, lies 1 cable NNW of the light-buoy.
4 The best time for entering Jeddah is towards noon as the Thence:
below-water reefs appear as dark green shadows below the 4 SE of No 2 Light-buoy (S cardinal) (21°26′⋅1N,
surface, because of the clarity of the water. When the sun is 39°04′⋅3E) which is moored off the SE corner of
low in the E or in thick, hazy, or cloudy weather, there is so Rocky Bank, thence:
much glare that the reefs are not visible until close to. 9.399
1 Passing:
Charts 2658, 2599 NW of A amdyah (21°25′⋅4N, 39°06′⋅1E) a reef on
Northern approach the E side of the channel between Rocky Bank
(Directions for the east side of this part of the Red Sea are (9.439) and the off-lying reefs W of Jeddah, thence:
given at 9.265) 2 ESE of the Rocky Bank (21°27′⋅5N, 39°04′⋅0E), which
9.397 extends about 3 miles SSW across the outer
1 Directions. From a position about 10 miles SW of Shi‘b approaches to Jeddah. A number of named shoals,
al Kabr (21°41′N, 38°50′E) the approach leads about marked by light-buoys, lie on this bank. Red sectors
25 miles generally E, passing: of Shi‘b Jahn Light (9.395), Shi‘b Qaam Light
S of Shi‘b al Kabr (9.266) from which Shi‘b al Kabr and Shi‘b Mismar Light (9.264) cover the shoals
Light (9.264) is exhibited. Thence: on the bank. Thence:
S of an unnamed, detached, dangerous shoal area 3 WNW of Shi‘b Jeddah (21°26′⋅6N, 39°06′⋅4E), a
(21°40′N, 38°53′E) which consists of coral reefs, narrow, drying reef which extends about 6 cables
and dangerous and drying rocks. See cautions at in a N/S direction, situated on the E side of the
9.259 regarding dangers over reefs and drying reefs, channel. A stranded wreck on an even keel, which
thence: is radar conspicuous, lies on the W side of the
2 S of the S end of the off-lying bank (21°40′N, middle part of the reef; a dangerous wreck, marked
39°00′E) on which are situated coral reefs, by a buoy (green conical), lies about 1 cable E of
dangerous rocks and shoal depths. This part of the the E side of the reef. Umm al Qa’, another reef,
off-lying bank, SW of Eliza Shoals (9.279), forms lies close S of Shi‘b Jeddah, thence:
the S end of the W side of the inshore channel 4 WNW of Shi‘b Qaam (21°27′⋅2N, 39°06′⋅6E) a
described at 9.272, thence: drying reef which lies on the S side of Al arq
3 SW of Ra’s al Jaz (21°32′N, 39°07′E). A jetty (9.401). Shi‘b Qaam Light (white structure, black
(radar conspicuous) extends about 3 cables WSW rectangle topmark; racon) stands on the NE side of
from the point; a desalination plant, with two the reef. A stranded wreck lies close off the N
conspicuous chimneys, which are also radar extremity of the reef. Thence:
conspicuous, stands about 1 mile NNW of the point; To the N pilot boarding position.
a conspicuous, spherical water tower (9.394) stands (Directions continue at 9.402)
1 miles N of the point. An area into which entry
is prohibited (9.392) lies W and S of Ra’s al Approach to the southern pilot boarding position
Jaz. Thence: 9.400
4 NE of No 8 Light-buoy (E cardinal) (21°28′⋅4N, 1 Directions. The approach to the JRD Tanker Terminals
39°04′⋅8E) which is moored about 4 cables E of (9.426), or southern pilot boarding position, is made passing
Ab al Yahd (9.440) the NE-most named shoal on between Shi‘b Mismar (21°20′N, 39°02′E) (9.281) and the
Rocky Bank (9.439) which extends about 2 miles S end of Rocky Bank (9.439) which lies across the outer
WSW from the vicinity of the light-buoy, thence: approaches to Jeddah; then to the pilot boarding position at
SE of a detached shoal area (21°29′⋅0N, 39°05′⋅7E), the N end of Anchorage E (9.383) as shown on the chart.
with a least depth over it of 16⋅5 m, and thence: (Directions continue at 9.409)
To the pilot boarding position.
(Directions continue at 9.402) Chart 2577
Northern entrance through to main commercial port
Southern approach 9.401
(Directions for the east side of this part of the Red Sea are 1 General remarks. Al arq (21°28′N, 39°07′E), Bawbat
given at 9.265) al Mamarral Wusá (Middle Gateway) (1 mile E) and
9.398 Bawbat al Mamarr ad Dkhilyah (Inner Gateway) (2 miles
1 Directions. From a position NW of Shi‘b Mismar E) form the principal channel through the off-lying reefs for
(21°20′N, 39°02′E) the track leads generally ENE for about entry into the Port of Jeddah.
10 miles to the N-most pilot boarding position, passing: 9.402
NNW of Shi‘b Mismar (21°20′N, 39°02′E) (9.281) 1 Directions. (continued from 9.397 and 9.399) The
from which Shi‘b Mismar Light (9.264) is channel leads about 2 miles E, passing (with positions
exhibited, thence: given from Bawbat al Mamarral Wusá (Middle Gateway)
2 SSE of a detached shoal patch (21°25′⋅7N, 39°02′⋅8E), North Light-beacon (21°28′⋅0N, 39°07′⋅9E)):
with a least depth over it of 17⋅1 m, which lies off 2 N of the shoal area (1 miles WSW), with a least
the SW corner of Rocky Bank (9.439) in the W depth over it of 9 m, which lies on the S side of Al
approaches to Al arq (9.401), thence: arq and N of the N end of Shi‘b Qaam (9.399);
3 NW of Murawwas (21°24′⋅4N, 39°05′⋅7E) a drying the sea breaks over the outlying dangers which lie
reef which lies close off the NE side of Anchorage N and S of Al arq. Thence:
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CHAPTER 9
3 S of the shoal patch (9 cables W), with a least depth Approach from Al ar q to the oil terminals
over it of 15⋅1 m, which lies in the N part of Al 9.407
arq, thence: 1 Directions. (Directions for the northern approach to
N of No 15 Light-buoy (9 cables WSW) (pillar, green) Jeddah are given at 9.397). From a position in Al arq
which marks a dangerous wreck close S of the (9.401) the track leads initially S for about 2 miles through
fairway, thence: the N part of Anchorage B (9.379), passing (with positions
4 S of the light-buoy (7 cables WNW) which is moored, given from Shi‘b Qaam Light (21°27′⋅2N, 39°06′⋅6E)):
on the N edge of the dredged area of Al arq, S E of No 15 Light-buoy (5 cables NE), thence:
of Shi‘b Jahn. Shi‘b Jahn is a partially drying reef 2 W of No 13 Light-buoy (E cardinal) (9 cables ENE)
which extends about 8 cables in a N/S direction; which marks the E side of a shoal, with a least
Shi‘b Jahn Light (9.395) stands on the S part of depth over it of 8⋅5 m, which lies about 4 cables W
the E side of the drying part of Shi‘b Jahn. of ’Irq al Lt (9.403). A shoal, with a least depth
9.403 over it of 5 m, lies 1 cables NNW of the
1 The channel continues E, passing: light-buoy. Thence:
S of Bawbat al Mamarral Wusá (Middle Gateway) E of Shi‘b Qaam Light (9.399) which stands on
North Light-beacon (red metal post, concrete base, Shi‘b Qaam, thence:
red square topmark) standing on the S end of Shi‘b 3 SW of No 8AP Buoy (red conical) (1 miles ESE)
Falayt, a reef which partly dries, thence: which marks the W side of a shoal, with a least
2 N of Bawbat al Mamarral Wusá (Middle Gateway) depth over it of 3⋅6 m, that lies at the S end of a
South Light-beacon (black metal post, concrete base, line of shoals extending S from ’Irq al Lt, thence:
green triangular topmark) (2 cables SE) standing NE of No 7AP Buoy (green conical) (1 miles ESE)
on the N part of an unnamed coral reef situated on which marks the N side of a shoal, with a least
the same bank as ’Irq al Lt, a coral reef about depth over it of 7⋅5 m, that lies about 1 cable NE of
1 cables S, thence: ’Irq al Kabr. Thence:
3 S of Bawbat al Mamarr ad Dkhilyah (Inner 4 S of No 8P Buoy (red can) (1 miles ESE) which is
Gateway) North Light-beacon (red metal post, moored on the boundary of the 16⋅4 m dredged area
concrete base, red square topmark) (9 cables E) fronting the entrance to the JRD Tanker Terminals
standing on the SW extremity of Bahri, a drying (9.426); and S of ’Irq Huwwah, a reef. Thence:
reef that extends WSW from the S end of the 5 Proceed either to Chyoda Island Oil Terminal (9.425)
breakwater on the W side of the Service Harbour or through the breakwaters to the JRD Tanker
(9.431). A light-buoy (red pillar) is moored 1 cable Terminals (9.426). See caution at 9.406. JRD Inner
ENE of the light-beacon. Thence: Harbour (9.427), the Royal Saudi Naval Facility
4 N of Bawbat al Mamarr ad Dkhilyah (Inner (9.428) and the Ammunition Pier (9.429) may also
Gateway) South Light-beacon (black metal post, be approached from the N end of Restah (9.409).
concrete base, green triangular topmark) (1 mile (Directions for JRD Inner Harbour Approach Channel
ESE) standing on the N end of Ab rith, a are given at 9.414, for the Royal Saudi Naval Facility
drying reef which extends over 1 mile N/S, on the Approach Channel at 9.416, and for the Ammunition
W side of the South West Basin of the main Pier Approach Channel at 9.418)
commercial port, thence:
5 S of Port of Jeddah Control Tower (1 mile E) which Approach from Baw bat al Mamarral Wusá (Middle
stands on the S end of the breakwater situated on Gateway) to the oil terminals
the W side of the Service Harbour (9.431); Port of
9.408
Jeddah Control Tower Light (9.395) is exhibited
1 Directions. (Directions for the northern entrance to the
from the control tower. Thence:
main commercial port passing through Bawºbat al
Into the main commercial harbour of the Port of
Mamarral Wusòá (Middle Gateway) are given at 9.402).
Jeddah.
From a position in Bawbat al Mamarral Wusá (Middle
Minor Gateways Gateway) (9.401), the Chyoda Island Oil Terminal (9.425) or
9.404 the JRD Tanker Terminals (9.426), may also be approached
1 North Gateway (21°28′⋅0N, 39°07′⋅8E) and South through Anchorage W1 (9.380).
Gateway (1 mile S), lie N and S of Bawbat al Mamarral 2 The track leads mainly S for about 2 miles, passing (with
Wusá (Middle Gateway) (9.401); these two entrances are not positions given from Bawbat al Mamarr ad Dkhilyah
marked with navigational aids. (Inner Gateway) South Light-beacon (21°27′⋅8N,
Local knowledge. The use of these two Gateways is not 39°08′⋅9E)):
recommended without local knowledge. E of Bawbat al Mamarral Wusá (Middle Gateway)
South Light-beacon (8 cables W) (9.403), thence:
Middle entrance through to the oil terminals W of Bawbat al Mamarr ad Dkhilyah (Inner
9.405 Gateway) South Light-beacon (9.403), thence:
1 Chyoda Island Oil Terminal (9.425) and JRD Tanker 3 E of the unnamed coral reef (7 cables WSW) situated
Terminal (9.426) may be approached through an area near the E end of a ridge, on which there are
dredged to 16⋅4 m (1996) (21°26′⋅3N, 39°08′⋅0E), as shown dangerous rocks, that extends E from ’Irq al Lt
on the chart, which extends W from the entrance between (9.403). Thence:
the breakwaters which leads to the JRD Tanker Terminals. W of a detached shoal (3 cables SSW), with a least
9.406 depth over it of 8 m, which lies off the W side of
1 Caution. A shoal depth of 13⋅9 m lies within the area Ab rith (9.403); and W of the two shoal areas
dredged to 16⋅4 m in position 21°26′⋅4N, 39°08′⋅9E, close which lie 1 cable and 6 cables S, with least depths
off the head of the breakwater which lies on the S side of over them of 9 m, that extend W from the W side
the entrance to the JRD Tanker Terminals (9.426). of Ab rith, thence:
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CHAPTER 9
4 Clear of the danger area (5 cables SW) which lies in SSE of Qia Shi‘b Mamd (8 cables N) a coral reef
the NW part of Anchorage W1 (9.380), thence: situated on the N side of the inner end of the
E of the dangerous below-water rock (7 cables SW) dredged channel, thence:
which lies on the E side of a shoal, with a least NNW of No 5 Light-buoy (green pillar) (5 cables
depth over it of 3⋅7 m; and E of the shoals which NNE) moored on the S side of the inner end of the
lie up to 4 cables S. Thence: dredged channel, thence:
5 E of ’Irq Huwwah (1 mile SSW) (9.407). Thence 3 SSE of No 6 Light-buoy (red pillar) (8 cables N)
proceed either to Chyoda Island Oil Terminal moored on the N side of the inner end of the
(9.425) or through the breakwaters to the JRD dredged channel, then into the S end of Restah.
Tanker Terminals (9.426). See caution at 9.406. JRD (Directions for JRD Inner Harbour Approach Channel
Inner Harbour (9.427), the Royal Saudi Naval are given at 9.414, for the Royal Saudi Naval Facility
Facility (9.428) and the Ammunition Pier (9.429) Approach Channel at 9.416, and for the Ammunition
may also be approached through Restah (9.409). Pier Approach Channel at 9.418)
(Directions for JRD Inner Harbour Approach Channel
are given at 9.414, for the Royal Saudi Naval Facility
Approach Channel at 9.416, and for the Alternative approach to the south end of Restah
Ammunition Pier Approach Channel at 9.418) 9.411
1 The S end of Restah (9.409) can also be approached
through a channel, about 6 cables wide, which leads S of
Ash Shi‘bayn (9.409) and Shi‘b Mamd (9.410). This
channel is probably mainly used by vessels of the Royal
Southern Entrance Channel to the south end of Restah Saudi Navy and by vessels bound for the Ammunition Pier
9.409 (9.429).
1 Directions (continued from 9.400). From a position about 2 The channel is marked on the S side of its outer end by
7 cables WSW of Murawwas (21°24′⋅4N, 39°05′⋅7E) (9.398) No 1A Light-beacon (21°22′⋅8N, 39°06′⋅5E). A shoal, with a
in the vicinity of the JRD Tanker Terminals pilot boarding least depth over it of 6⋅6 m, lies close N of the light-beacon.
position, the track leads ENE for about 3 miles, through a A further light-beacon (6 cables N) marks the N side of the
channel dredged to 16⋅6 m, to the S end of Restah, the wide outer end of the channel. A shoal, with a least depth over it
inner channel which leads N through the reefs fronting of 10 m, lies close S of the light-beacon.
Jeddah, passing (with positions given from No 2B 3 The inner end of the channel is marked on its S side by
Light-beacon (21°24′⋅1N, 39°07′⋅8E)): No 2A Light-beacon (21°23′⋅5N, 39°07′⋅9E). A buoy (black
S of No 9 Light-buoy (W cardinal) (2 miles W), and white conical) is moored about 1 cables SSW on the
thence: edge of the adjacent reef; No 2B Light-beacon (6 cables N)
2 SSE of No 2 Light-buoy (red pillar) (1 miles WNW) marks the N side of the inner end of the channel.
moored on the N side of the outer end of the 4 A least depth in the channel of 15 m can be found by
dredged channel which leads to Restah, and NNW initially favouring the N side of the outer end of the channel,
of No 1 Light-buoy (green pillar) (1 miles W) then passing S of an unmarked shoal, with a least depth over
moored on the S side of the outer end of the it of 7 m, which lies about 2 cables SSW of No 2B
dredged channel, N of Ash Shi‘bayn, an area of Light-beacon.
reefs lying on a bank where there are a number of
dangerous rocks; a shoal, with a least depth over it
of 6⋅2 m, lies about 1 cable E of the light-buoy just Wa
iyah
outside the S boundary of the dredged channel, 9.412
thence: 1 Wayah (21°25′⋅4N, 39°07′⋅7E) is a reef situated on the
3 SSE of No 2A Light-buoy (red cylindrical) (1 miles W side of Restah (9.409); shoal water, on which there are
WNW) moored on the S end of a shoal, with a other reefs and dangerous rocks, extends both N and S of
least depth over it of 1 m; a dangerous wreck lies Wayah.
on the W side of this shoal, thence: A conspicuous stranded wreck lies on the W side of
4 NNW of No 1A Light-buoy (green conical) (1 miles Wayah. No 6P Buoy (red pillar) is moored about 1 cables
W) moored on the S side of the dredged channel. E of the reef.
Thence: Butaylat al Wayah is a small chain of reefs extending
5 SSE of a dangerous below-water rock (1 miles about 4 cables SSW from off the W side of Wayah.
WNW) which lies close S of the S end of Umm as 9.413
Sayl, a reef on a bank on which there are a number 1 Caution. A number of unnamed reefs and dangerous
of other dangerous rocks, thence: rocks, whose positions are best seen on the chart, lie W of
SSE of a shoal (1 mile NW), with a least depth over it Wayah, between the S end of Anchorage B (9.379) and
of 9 m, thence: Southern Entrance Channel (9.409).
9.410
1 Passing:
SSE of No 4 Light-buoy (red pillar) (8 cables NW) and JRD Inner Harbour Approach Channel
NNW of No 3 Light-buoy (green pillar) (6 cables 9.414
WNW), thence: 1 Directions (continued from 9.410). From a position E of
SSE of an unnamed reef (8 cables NNW) which lies the inner end of the Southern Entrance Channel (9.409),
about 1 cable NNW of the N boundary of the which leads to the S end of Restah (9.409), the track extends
dredged channel, thence: generally NE for about 2 miles, through the JRD Inner
2 NNW of Shi‘b Mamd (1 cables N) a coral reef Harbour Approach Channel, which is dredged to a least
situated on the SSE side of the inner end of the depth of 13⋅4 m (1996) towards JRD Inner Harbour (9.427),
dredged channel, thence: passing (with positions given from No 6 Light-beacon
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CHAPTER 9
situated in Royal Saudi Naval Facility Main Approach 2 NW of No 1E Light-beacon (green) (1 mile SW); and
Channel (21°25′⋅4N, 39°09′⋅8E)): SE of No 2E Light-beacon (red) (1 mile SW),
2 NNW of No 17 Light-buoy (isolated danger) (1 mile thence:
WSW) which is moored on the SW part of a shoal NW of No 1 Light-buoy (green pillar) (7 cables SW);
area, with a least depth of 9⋅5 m over it, and and SE of No 2 Light-buoy (red pillar) (7 cables
through which it is considered dangerous to SW). Thence:
navigate, thence: NW of No 3 Light-buoy (green pillar) (4 cables SW);
3 SSE of No 8 Light-buoy (red pillar) (1 mile WSW) and SE of No 4 Light-buoy (red pillar) (3 cables
which marks the N side of the outer end of the SW), thence:
dredged channel. The light-buoy is moored about 3 NW of No 5 Light-beacon (green) (120 m SSE), and
400 m SW of a coral reef which extends S from the SE of No 6 Light-beacon (red), thence:
island of Shi‘b as Sayf which itself extends about SE of No R14 Light-buoy (red pillar) (1 cable NE);
8 cables S from the S end of the breakwater and NW of a light-beacon (2 cables E). Thence:
opposite JRD Tanker Terminal No 2 (9.426), and: SE of No 8 Light (2 cables NE) which stands on the
4 NNE of No 7 Light-buoy (green conical) (1 mile edge of the shoal water SE of Jabal Ab a’ad,
WSW) which marks the S side of the outer end of then into the dredged area which lies opposite the
the dredged channel, thence: Royal Saudi Naval Facility (9.428), and is marked
SSE of No 10 Light-buoy (red cylindrical) (7 cables by lights and light-buoys.
WSW) and NNE of No 9 Light-buoy (green
conical) (7 cables WSW), thence:
5 SSE of No 12 Light-buoy (red conical) (6 cables
WSW). Thence: Link Channel
9.415 9.417
1 Passing: 1 Link Channel (21°25′⋅9N, 39°09′⋅7E) is a channel which
NW of No 11 Light-buoy (green conical) (4 cables leads about 4 cables NE from the JRD Inner Harbour
WSW) and WNW of No 11A Light-buoy (green Approach Channel (9.414) to the Royal Saudi Naval Facility
conical) (2 cables W) both of which mark the SE (9.428).
side of the channel, thence: The channel is entered from its SW end N of No 15
2 ESE of No 14 Light-buoy (red pillar) (4 cables Light-buoy, passing NW of Jabal Ab a’ad.
WNW). Light-buoys No R10 (red pillar) and No R8 2 The Link Channel enters the area of the Naval Harbour at
(red pillar) lie 1 cable and 2 cables, respectively, the N end of the dredged area fronting the Royal Saudi
NW of No 14 Light-buoy on the NE side of a Naval Facility, between No R12 Light-buoy (red pillar) and
narrow channel which leads from the JRD Inner No R11 Light-buoy (black pillar).
Harbour Approach Channel to the vicinity of JRD
Tanker Terminal No 3 (9.426). Thence:
3 W of No 13 Light-buoy (green pillar) (3 cables NW)
and No 15 Light-buoy (green conical) (4 cables
Ammunition Pier Approach Channel
NNW) which mark the E side of the channel and
9.418
the W side of the shoals and reef on which stands
1 The Ammunition Pier (21°23′⋅3N, 39°10′⋅0E) (9.429) is
Jabal Ab a’ad, an island situated between the
approached from the NW, through the off-lying reefs, by a
JRD Inner Harbour Approach Channel and the
designated approach channel in which there is a least depth
Royal Saudi Naval Facility (9.428). Thence:
of 6 m, though a depth of 4⋅5 m is charted on the N edge of
4 E of No R6 Light-buoy (port hand) (5 cables NW),
the channel.
and No 6 Buoy (port hand) which lies close NNW.
9.419
No 16 Light-buoy (port hand) lies farther NNE. All
1 Directions (continued from 9.410). From its outer end in
these three buoys are moored on the W side of the
the SE corner of Restah (9.409) the approach channel leads
channel, off the SE end of the quay which services
1 miles ESE, passing (with positions given from the head
the JRD Tanker Terminal Berths (9.426). Thence:
of the Ammunition Pier (21°23′⋅3N, 39°10′⋅0E)):
5 E of No 18 Light-buoy (red pillar) (7 cables NNW),
SSW of A2E Light (1 miles WNW) which marks the
and W of No 17 Light-buoy (green pillar), then into
N side of the outer end of the approach channel,
the turning basin, marked by Light-buoys Nos 19
thence:
and 20 (yellow conical), which front the berths of
2 NNE of A1E Light (1 miles WNW) which marks the
JRD Inner Harbour (9.427).
S side of the outer end of the approach channel,
thence:
SSW of Shi‘b Wusá (1 mile NW) a large area of coral
reef; further smaller, unnamed coral reefs and
Royal Saudi Naval Facility Main Approach Channel dangerous rocks lie outside the N side of the
9.416 approach channel. Jabal al Wusá, a small island,
1 Directions (continued from 9.410). From a position E of stands on the SE corner of the Shi‘b Wusá.
the inner end of the Southern Entrance Channel (9.409), Thence:
which leads to the S end of Restah (9.409), the track extends 3 NNE of a dangerous rock (1 mile WNW) which lies
NE for about 2 miles, through the Royal Saudi Naval about 1 cables NE of the N end of Shi‘bat ’Al, a
Facility Approach Channel, which is dredged to 11⋅6 m large area of coral reef; further smaller, unnamed
(1981) passing (with positions given from No 6 Light-beacon coral reefs and dangerous rocks lie outside the S
(21°25′⋅4N, 39°09′⋅8E)): side of the approach channel. Jazrat ’Al, a small
SSW of No 17 Light-buoy (isolated danger) (1 mile island, stands on the SE corner of Shi‘bat ’Al,
WSW), thence: thence:
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CHAPTER 9
4 SSW of an unnamed reef (5 cables NW) situated about used for larger vessels. Tugs attend about 4 cables SW of the
2 cables SW of Shi‘b Ab ufrah; a small thin entrance to the JRD Tanker Terminals (9.426).
island lies on the E side of Shi‘b Ab ufrah, Submarine pipeline. A submarine pipeline is laid ENE
thence: from the terminal, across the N end of the basin containing
Between the two parts of Shi‘b urratayn (3 cables the JRD Tanker Terminals.
NNW and 5 cables W) a reef which lies on both See 1.21.
sides of the approach channel; and then to the 9.426
Ammunition Pier (9.429). 1 JRD Tanker Terminals (21°26′⋅2N, 39°09′⋅2E) consist
of three dolphin-type berths situated off the W side of the
causeway which extends about 8 cables S and forms the W
Berths side of JRD Inner Harbour (9.427).
Commercial port The facility is used for the loading of crude oil; the berths
can handle tankers up to 100 000 dwt, 260 m LOA and up
9.420
to 12⋅8 m draught.
1 The main commercial port (21°28′⋅0N, 39°09′⋅5E) caters
9.427
for a variety of cargo types and consists of 58 numbered
1 JRD Inner Harbour (21°26′⋅5N, 39°09′⋅5E) is a basin,
berths in three separate basins.
entered through JRD Inner Harbour Approach Channel
9.421
(9.414), which contains JRD Inner Harbour Berths Nos 1 to
1 North Basin. The North Basin consists of numbered
8; the facility can handle up to eight vessels between 6000
berths Nos 1 to 21; the basin is dredged to 15⋅0 m (2002),
and 49 000 dwt, berthed stern-to with one, or both, anchors
with alongside depths from 5 m to 14 m which are best seen
down.
on the chart.
2 Depths within the basin are generally from 10 to 14 m,
Berths Nos 4 to 7, situated on the W and N sides of the
but less alongside depths lie W of Berth No 1.
basin, have a total quay length of 1000 m and comprise the
Jeddah Northern Container Terminal. Royal Saudi Naval Facility
2 Ro-Ro terminals are situated between Berths Nos 6 and 7, 9.428
between Berths Nos 8 and 9, and at berths Nos 15 to 20. 1 Al Q‘idat al Baryah al Malakyah as Su‘dyah
Bulk grain is also handled at Berths Nos 1 to 6. A (21°25′⋅8N, 39°10′⋅3E) is the Royal Saudi Naval Facility.
two-storey combined pilgrim hall and transit shed is situated The base, which is fronted by a basin, is situated in the SE
abreast No 21 Berth. corner of the the port.
Small vessel berths and a slip are situated in two small The base is approached through Royal Saudi Naval
basins, dredged to 5⋅0 m, which lie in the SE corner of Facility Approach Channel (9.416).
North Basin.
9.422 Ammunition Pier
1 South East Basin. The South East Basin consists of 9.429
numbered Berths Nos 22 to 49; the basin is dredged to 1 An Ammunition Pier (21°23′⋅3N, 39°10′⋅0E) is situated in
12⋅0 m, with alongside depths from 11 to 12 m which are the SE corner of the port and is connected by a causeway
best seen on the chart. which extends about 1400 m WNW from the shore.
A container terminal is situated in the SE corner of the The pier is approached through Ammunition Pier
basin; bulk cement is handled at No 37 Berth. Approach Channel (9.418) which is entered from the S end
9.423 of Restah (9.409).
1 South West Basin. The South West Basin has berthing
on its S and E sides; its W side is formed by Ab rith Jeddah Ship Repair Yard
(9.403); the basin consists of numbered Berths Nos 50 to 58 9.430
and is dredged to 15⋅5 m with alongside depths of from 15⋅5 1 Jeddah Ship Repair Yard (21°28′⋅7N, 39°09′⋅1E) lies on
to 14⋅0 m which are best seen on the chart. the W side of the North Basin (9.421) of the commercial
A container terminal forms the E side of the basin; a port, within an area dredged to 8⋅0 m.
livestock terminal is situated at Nos 57 and 58 Berths, which The yard is approached through Anchorage A (9.378).
can handle up to 59 000 animals per day, and forms the S The yard has two repair jetties each equipped with a
side of the basin. 15 tonnes capacity crane and also two floating docks.
2 A channel, about 160 m wide and dredged to 14 m, leads Lights are exhibited from the seaward ends of both
from the SW corner of the basin to the vicinity of the JRD floating docks; further lights are exhibited from dolphins
Tanker Terminals (9.426). A submarine pipeline (9.425) situated about 80 m W of both repair jetty heads.
crosses the S end of this channel. Obstruction lights are exhibited from the crane heads.
Service Harbour
Oil terminals 9.431
9.424 1 A Service Harbour (21°28′⋅3N, 39°09′⋅0E) for harbour
1 Berthing and unberthing is only permitted at the oil craft which is entered NE of Bawbat al Mamarr ad
terminals between 0700 and 1600 hours. Dkhilyah (Inner Gateway) (9.401) lies immediately S of
9.425 the ship repair yard.
1 Chyoda Island Oil Terminal (21°26′⋅6N, 39°08′⋅9E) is
situated close S of Ab rith (9.403). Port services
Vessels berth with two anchors down and the stern
secured to mooring buoys; loading hoses are embarked Repairs
amidships with crude oil delivered to the port side and 9.432
bunker oil to the starboard. 1 A 24 hour repair service is available from Jeddah Ship
2 Berthing and unberthing is carried out at any state of the Repair Yard (9.430) where there are two floating docks of
tide; a minimum of two tugs is normally required, with three 19 000 tonnes and 11 000 tonnes lifting capacity.
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CHAPTER 9
Slipways for small vessels are situated within the small Rocky Bank
craft basin located in the SE corner of the North Basin
Chart 2599
(9.421) of the main commercial port.
9.439
1 A bank (21°28′N, 39°04′E), charted as Rocky Bank, lies
Facilities in the W approaches to Jeddah (9.342), about 3 miles W of
9.433 Al arq (9.401). There are seven named shoals situated on
1 Rail mounted quay cranes between 3 and 6 tonnes this bank; on one of which there is a dangerous rock and,
capacity; mobile cranes; floating crane 200 tonnes capacity; over the others, a least depth of 2⋅5 m.
lighters; fire-fighting tugs; medical facilities; hospital; dental The shoals are marked by light-buoys and are covered by
facilities. the red sectors of Shi‘b Mismar Reef Light (21°20′N,
39°02′E) (9.264), Shi‘b Jahn Reef Light (21°28′⋅6N,
Supplies 39°07′⋅1E) (9.395) and Shi‘b Qaam Reef Light (21°27′⋅2N,
9.434 39°06′⋅6E) (9.399).
1 Fuel oil; diesel oil; fresh water (rather hard) from quay or Ab al Yah d
barge but supplies are limited; fresh provisions.
9.440
Both fuel and diesel oil can be supplied by barge to
1 Ab al Yahd (21°28′⋅4N, 39°04′⋅4E), with a least depth
vessels anchored in Anchorage B (9.379), the usual
over it of 5⋅2 m, is the NE-most shoal lying on Rocky Bank;
designated anchorage position for vessels requiring bunkers
No 8 Light-buoy is moored about 3 cables E of the shoal.
is about 5 cables E of Shi‘b Qaam Light (21°27′⋅2N,
39°06′⋅6E) (9.399). ’Irq as Sunn yah
9.441
Communications 1 ’Irq as Sunnyah (21°28′⋅3N, 39°03′⋅9E) lies on the N
9.435 part of Rocky Bank; No 1 Light-buoy (N cardinal) is
1 International airport at Jeddah situated about 19 km N of moored 3 cables WNW of the shoal, and No 7 Light-buoy (S
the port. cardinal) is moored 2 cables S.
Regular communication by sea with all parts of the world. A shoal area, with a least depth over it of 5 m and
through which it is unsafe to navigate, lies close N of No 7
Light-buoy.
Harbour regulations
9.436 Ab al Akh ar
1 A guard is placed at the gangway and no crew member 9.442
or other person is allowed to go ashore without prior 1 Ab al Akh
ar (21°27′⋅9N, 39°03′⋅5E) lies on the NW
permission. part of the bank; a stranded wreck (position approximate),
Photography is prohibited within the port area; no which is radar conspicuous, lies on the E side of the reef.
photographs are allowed to be taken without written Al Fawqn, with a least depth over it of 8⋅6 m, is another
permission of the Port Authority. named reef on Rocky Bank situated close W of Ab al
Failure to place ratguards on mooring ropes is liable to Akh
ar.
result in a penalty.
2 Any stowaway discovered on board must be kept under Al Kharr bah al Bar yah
guard, under no circumstances must they be allowed to 9.443
disembark in Saudi Arabia. 1 Al Kharrbah al Baryah (21°27′⋅6N, 39°03′⋅0E) consists
Vessels calling at Jeddah are forbidden to carry dogs. of two shoal areas on the W side of Rocky Bank; there is a
Vessels may not immobilise their main engines without least depth of 5 m over the NE end of the larger of the
permission from the Jeddah Port Authority. shoals.
3 No vessel is allowed to depart Jeddah unless all outward No 5 Light-buoy (W cardinal) is moored over the middle
clearance formalities are completed. This regulation also part of the S end of the larger shoal; No 6 Light-buoy (S
applies to vessels calling at Anchorage B (9.379) for cardinal) is moored about 3 cables S.
bunkers. Ab Nalhah
9.437 9.444
1 Alcohol and tobacco. Customs regulations strictly 1 Ab Nalhah (21°26′⋅5N, 39°03′⋅7E), over which the sea
prohibit the landing of alcohol. During a vessels stay in port breaks if there is any swell, lies on the S part of Rocky
stocks of alcohol and tobacco may only be held on board Bank.
under seal. There is no exception to this rule. Further shoals lie up to 1 mile SW; the SW-most of these
Vessels are liable to be thoroughly searched without shoals has a least depth over it of 17⋅1 m.
notice. Any container of alcohol, whatsoever, found out of 2 No 4 Light-buoy (W cardinal) is moored over the W side
the sealed store can result in considerable trouble and incur of the shoal; No 2 Light-buoy (S cardinal) is moored about
heavy penalties. 1 mile SE, E of a shoal area with a least depth over it of
18 m.
Rescue Al Wastn is a shoal area, over which the sea breaks if
9.438 there is any swell, which lies close N of Ab Nalhah; a
1 A MRCC has been established at Jeddah. See 1.69. dangerous rock lies on the shoal; No 3 Light-buoy (N
For further details, see Admiralty List of Radio Signals, cardinal) is moored about 1 cable NNE of Al Wastn in the
Volume 5. S part of Anchorage C (9.381).
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¯ Farasan
Chapter 10 - Red Sea - east side. Jeddah to Oreste Point, including Jaza'ir ¯
22° 22°
2599
Jeddah
2577
2658
21° 21°
2659
S AU D I
ARABIA
157
20° 20°
10
.9
19° 19°
- Reef
Abu Kulur
18° -
Ras Qassar 18°
10
10.2
158 00
.65
17° 17°
16 10.174
Jizºn
-
Farasan
Islands
10
10
.2
.17
32
0
int e
Po rest
O
ERITREA
15
16° 16°
143
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CHAPTER 10
RED SEA — EAST SIDE — JEDDAH TO ORESTE POINT
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chart 4704 Topography
Scope of the chapter 10.2
10.1 1 Between Jeddah (21°28′N, 39°10′E) (9.342) and Jazrat
1 The area described in this chapter covers that part of the Kamarn (Kamarn Island) (420 miles SSE) (11.12) the coast
coast of Saudi Arabia which lies in the central part of the E of Saudi Arabia is bordered by reefs and banks; S of Al Lth
side of the Red Sea between Ar Ra’s al Aswad (21°20′N, (20°09′N, 40°16′E) these reefs and banks extend up to
39°06′E) (9.266) and Oreste Point 364 miles SE (10.234). 60 miles offshore.
This chapter also includes a description of the port of 2 Caution. The Farasn Bank (10.14), which embraces this
Jzn (16°54′N, 42°32′E) (10.174). area of offshore dangers, is encumbered with imperfectly
charted reefs such that it is dangerous to attempt to cross
over the bank throughout most of its length.
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2 WSW of Shi‘b Mudharr (19°28′N, 40°02′E) a coral Farasn Bank (10.14), thence:
reef, thence: WSW of Murbit al Khail (19°01′N, 40°20′E) which
WSW of Jabbra Islet (19°27′N, 40°03′E) a low, consists of two separate coral reefs over which the
sandy, coral islet which is fringed by a steep-to reef. sea breaks, thence:
Shi‘b al Ma’dhn is a further reef situated about 2 WSW of Shi‘b al Khtim (Ring Reef) (18°58′N,
2 miles NE on which stands a sandy cay; further 40°22′E) a coral reef over whose outer edge the sea
unnamed reefs and drying rocks lie in this vicinity, breaks; within the reef there is apparently deep
thence: water. Thence:
WSW of Shi‘b as Sqah (19°22′N, 40°07′E) a reef on WSW of Shi‘b Mars (18°52′N, 40°22′E), a dangerous
which lies a coral islet, thence: reef over which the sea breaks, and the dangerous
3 WSW of a shoal area (19°20′N, 39°58′E), with a least rocks and shoals which lie SSW of it. Zuqq
depth over it of 31 m, mud. Thence: (Shakir) is a low and sandy islet, fringed by a coral
WSW of Shi‘b Dauqa (19°13′N, 40°09′E) a coral reef reef, with some bushes growing on it, which lies
over which the sea breaks; further unnamed reefs close NE of Shi‘b Mars, thence:
and drying rocks lie in this vicinity, thence: 3 WSW of an unnamed reef (18°46′N, 40°29′E), thence:
10.13 WSW of Abu Kulr Reef (18°41′N, 40°36′E) which is
1 Passing: situated in the central part of Farasn Bank (10.14)
WSW of Mubarak (19°00′N, 40°08′E) (4.16) which and over which the sea breaks.
lies close to the W edge of the N end of the (Directions continue at 10.65)
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CHAPTER 10
10.24 are seldom clearly visible from seaward. This broken country
1 The reefs throughout the Inner Channel Route are all is bounded on its SW side by the lesser range of coastal
clearly visible. Between Shi‘b Subaikha (19°56′N, 40°27′E) mountains. From the vicinity of Jabal Shift (20°35′N,
which lies on the NE side of the Inner Channel Route about 40°56′E) the escarpment is more or less of even height to
5 miles WNW of Jaljil, and a position about 1 mile N of the vicinity of Jabal Hajra (26 miles SE).
the N end of Enterprise Channel (19°48′N, 40°33′E) (not
charted by name), the water is muddy and the bottom is Principal marks
scarcely visible even in depths of about 9 m. 10.32
See caution at 10.20. 1 Landmarks:
Jabal Afar (20°01′N, 40°41′E) is a conspicuous hill
Natural conditions which can be identified by the two mounds at its
10.25 base, one standing on its N side and the other on its
1 Visibility from January to May is generally very good; S side.
mountains up to 50 miles distant show up well. At other Sugarloaf (19°59′N, 40°46′E) is a sharp conspicuous
times hazy weather frequently renders visual navigation cone with a lower mound standing N of it.
difficult. Twin Cones (20°03′N, 40°47′E) has a prominent low
10.26 double peak.
1 Sea water visibility. Sometimes red and green 2 Jabal Nadesh (19°58′N, 41°10′E), which rises to a
discolouration of the sea water, caused by algae, adds to the height of 1335 m, has two summits and is visible
difficulty of navigation by making the discolourations of the through a break in the coastal mountain range
sea water caused by the reefs less noticeable. which is filled with many low hills. There is a
10.27 much higher peak, with a detached pillar rock,
1 Currents. From January to June inclusive, when NW standing farther inland; the position and elevation of
winds prevail, the current in the Inner Channel is mostly this second and higher peak have not yet been
N-going, except if the winds are strong, when, for a short accurately established.
time, it may set S. On such occasions, the water banks up in 3 Jabal Shad (19°44′N, 41°14′E) consists of two rather
narrow channels, and, when the wind falls, the N-going flat-topped ridges.
current becomes stronger. It seldom attains a rate of more
than kn. ISLANDS SITUATED ON THE NORTHERN
10.28 PART OF FARAS N BANK
1 Winds. In summer there are occasional W and SW gales
during which the sea in the Inner Channel becomes very Chart 157
confused and renders navigation difficult as a result. Abu Latt
10.33
Inner Channel Route — northern part 1 Description. Abu Latt (19°58′N, 40°08′E) lies about
10 miles ENE of Shi‘b Janb (10.11) and is the N-most
Chart 157 island situated on the Farasn Bank (10.14); the island is
Route uninhabited.
10.29 The island is radar conspicuous and initially shows as two
1 The route through the N part of the Inner Channel separate echoes about 1 mile apart.
covered by this section leads generally SE for about 2 The summit of the island attains an elevation of 30 m
145 miles from a position about 8 miles WSW of Shi′b near its S end; a conspicuous detached conical rock, 28 m
at-Tawman (20°11′N, 39°49′E) (10.10), to a position about high, stands about 1 miles NW of the summit.
6 miles SW of Ras al (18°35′N, 41°17′E). The E side of the S part of the island is rugged; the W
side of the S part is precipitous. Farther N the island is low
Local knowledge and sandy with several rocky knolls between 3 m and 6 m
10.30 high.
1 Local knowledge is required for the use of the N part of 3 Abu Latt is bordered by a drying reef on its W side on
the Inner Channel Route. which stands an islet, 8 m high; a further islet lies 6 cables
SSE; a sandy cay, over which the sea breaks, lies a farther
Topography 7 cables SSE. Three steep rocks, the highest rising to 15 m,
10.31 lie on the reef off the NE side of the island; a remarkable
1 The hills on At Tihma, the coastal plain E and SE of Al mushroom-shaped rock lies about 6 cables SSE closer to the
Lth (20°09′N, 40°16′E) are useful for navigation being islands coast.
more often visible than the higher mountains which stand 10.34
inland as they may well be obscured by the haze which is 1 Anchorage. A good anchorage, sheltered from N and
prevalent in summer and autumn. NW winds, may be obtained in depths of 26 m off the SE
Lesser ranges of coastal mountains, with heights of side of the island.
between 600 m and 1200 m, rise steeply behind the plain of
At Tihma; these ranges have numerous well defined Sirrayn
summits. 10.35
2 The main range, which rises behind the lesser ranges of 1 Description. Sirrayn (19°37′N, 40°37′E) has a
the coastal mountains, stands behind the plain of At Tihma. conspicuous summit rising to 61 m: a remarkable truncated
This main range, which rises from between 40 miles and cone, about 30 m high, stands between this summit and the
50 miles inland, is a lofty escarpment which forms the W-most hill, which is flat-topped. The island is uninhabited.
principal watershed of the country. 2 The high ground of the island is very rugged and consists
3 It rises to heights of between 1800 m and 2100 m then mostly of elevated coral reefs over a base of steeply rising
falls abruptly to an intricate mass of hills and valleys which red sandstone which outcrops on the S coast. Both ends of
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the island are low-lying, the W end being marshy; there are Dorish Islet
a few clumps of mangroves on its NE side. 10.44
3 The island is bordered by a coral reef on which stand 1 Description. Dorish Islet (18°31′N, 40°40′E) lies about
several above-water rocks; Sirrayn Patches extends about 9 miles WSW of Ab Zahrah (10.41) and is fringed by a
5 miles N from this bordering reef. reef. The islet is low, sandy and covered in bushes.
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Shawk, it may be used during the hours of daylight, keeping composed of low sand dunes, with a belt of mangroves
1 mile off the coastal reef which is visible. growing on each side of it. Two above-water rocks, on
2 Topography. The coast N of Hayyirah (21°06′N, which bushes grow, stand on the coastal reef about 5 cables
39°12′E) is low-lying, liable to inundation and is fronted by SE of Ras Kinnateis.
a dangerous coral reef. 3 Gheibisa Islet (19°43′N, 40°41′E) (not charted by name)
3 Landmarks. Four tall radio towers, each exhibiting white lies about 1 miles SSE of Ras Kinnateis and is the N-most
quick flashing, high-intensity lights, stand between 5 miles of a chain of three islands which lie between the point and
and 6 miles SSE of Ar Ra’s al Aswad (21°20′N, 39°06′E) the Umm al Gharnq Islands (19°40′N, 40°45′E). Gheibisa
(9.266); these masts are reported to be radar conspicuous. Islet together with Umm Ibsas Islet and Minzak Islet, (not
Conspicuous towers, 72 m high, (21°07′⋅5N, 39°13′⋅0E), charted by name), the two other islets of the chain, are low
also stand on this section of the coast. and sandy and lie on a coral reef which extends SSE of the
point.
Chart 158 4 The Umm al Gharnq Islands lie on the N side of South
Ab D dah Channel which forms the S entrance channel to the bay; the
10.52 islands are thickly bordered with mangroves. Qadd al
1 Description. Ab Ddah (20°34′N, 39°34′E) is a small Ghubba is a low, sandy islet standing on a coral reef about
unsurveyed inlet entered about 22 miles SE of Ab Shawk 5 cables SW of the S-most end of the Umm al Gharnq
(10.48). Islands.
Qia Abu Ddah is a dangerous rock (not charted by 5 Ras al asan (19°37′N, 40°47′E) the S entrance point to
name) which lies about 3 miles WNW of the entrance to the the bay, is a low and sandy point covered with scrub; a
inlet. clump of mangroves lies on its W side. The land from the
2 There is a tight bend in the inner part of the entrance; the point rises to Mahsin Bluff (not charted) (1 miles SSE) a
inlet should only be entered when the sun is in a favourable cliff about 11 m high.
position to identify the coral reefs which lie both within the 10.58
entrance to the inlet and within the inlet itself. 1 Umm al Qandl (19°45′N, 40°41′E) a low islet bordered
10.53 by a thick belt of mangroves, stands on a drying reef about
1 Anchorage. It is reported that anchorage may be obtained 1 mile ENE of Ras Kinnateis. The drying reef, which
for small boats within the inlet. extends about 8 cables ENE from the SE side of the islet,
Caution. Uncharted coral heads are reported to lie in the has a well defined edge; an above-water rock, covered with
approaches to the inlet and within the entrance channel. bushes, lies on a further reef which extends about 4 cables
NNE from the NE corner of the islet.
Ash Shar fa 2 The E side of Ghubbat al asan is low and backed by
10.54 sandhills which terminate at Ras Ahmar (19°40′N, 40°48′E);
1 Description. Ash Sharfa (20°15′N, 40°05′E) is an there are some scattered clumps of mangroves along the
elongated bay, fronted by Jazrat Qishrn, which is itself shores of the bay.
fronted by Shi‘b al Jiffn; the bay is entered through Marsa The water within the bay is muddy, such that the bottom
Qishrn. is not clearly visible in depths of over 9 m.
Da‘ama Island (20°09′⋅7N, 40°12′⋅4E) (not charted by
name) lies ESE of the E end of Qishrn Island and Anchorage
encumbers the E entrance to the bay. 10.59
2 The bottom of the bay is not visible in depths greater 1 A sheltered anchorage may be obtained about 2 cables NE
than 2⋅0 m. of the above-water rock which lies off the NE corner of
A bar, which obstructs Marsa Qishrn, has a least depth Umm al Qandl (19°45′N, 40°41′E) (10.58), in depths from
over it of 5⋅5 m; dangerous rocks lie on both sides of the about 13 to 15 m, coral and mud.
entrance fairway.
10.55 Ghubbat al Qina
1 Local knowledge. Ash Sharfa is only suitable for use by 10.60
small vessels with the aid of local knowledge. 1 Description. Ghubbat al Qina (19°04′N, 41°07′E) is the
10.56 bay (not charted by name) situated between the town of Al
1 Anchorage may be obtained about 1 miles off the Qunfudhah (19°08′N, 41°05′E) and Ras Maksir (11 miles
entrance to Marsa Qishrn in depths from 46 to 86 m. SSE).
Sum r Anchorage lies within an unnamed gap formed in The coast of the bay is low and sandy, and, in its N part,
the off-lying reef at the WNW end of Shi‘b al Jiffn and S covered with scrub; a reef fringes the majority of the shores
of the entrance to Marsa Qishrn, about 7 cables WNW of of the bay. Some white sandhills, about 5 m high, stand at
Sumr Islet (20°14′N, 40°00′E) (charted as a rock awash). the head of the bay about 5 miles ESE of Al Qunfudhah.
Anchorage may be obtained within this gap in the reef in 2 An unnamed islet, 1⋅5 m high, stands on a reef on the N
depths of about 11 m, mud. side of the entrance to the bay, about 2 miles SSE of Al
Qunfudhah. Shi‘b Qina, which consists of a number of
Chart 157 detached reefs, lies in the SE part of the head of the bay.
Ghubbat al asan The coast S of the bay, between Ras Maksir (18°57′N,
10.57 41°07′E) and Ras Ab Matnah (4 miles SSE), is also low
1 Description. Ghubbat al asan (Ghubbat al Mahsin) is a and sandy and covered with scrub.
large bay entered between Ras Kinnateis (19°45′N, 40°41′E) 10.61
and Ras al asan (8 miles SE); a chain of coral reefs and 1 Landmark.
low-lying islets extends across the mouth of the bay. Jabal Hali (18°51′N, 41°34′E) stands about 24 miles E
2 The coast in the NW part of Ghubbat al asan, between of Ras Ab Matnah (18°52′N, 41°10′E). The
Ras al Humra (19°48′N, 40°37′E) and Ras Kinnateis mountain appears pyramidal in shape from the
(4 miles SE) forms the SW side of a peninsula which is vicinity of Al Qunfudhah and farther N, but S of Al
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Qunfudhah its appearance alters quickly such that, high and covered with bushes, which lies on the E edge of a
from S of Ras Ab Matnah it shows as an oblong coral reef about 3 miles W of the mouth of Ghubbat al Qina,
mountain with its N part abruptly rounded off. in depths from 24 to 27 m over a good holding ground.
10.62 2 Small vessels may also obtain an anchorage, well
1 Anchorage may be obtained off Umm as Saifa (19°02′N, sheltered from S winds, within a small inlet on the N side of
41°02′E), a sandy islet (not charted by name), about 2 m Ras Maksir (18°57′N, 41°07′E).
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Small vessels may obtain a good sheltered anchorage in A vessel entering Khawr Ab as Sab‘ may pass on
both North Al Wasm and South Al Wasm. either side of Furfir.
Local knowledge is required for the use of the Qarn al Wad (17°00′N, 42°33′E) is a shallow bay
anchorages within these two inlets. situated on the E side of the entrance to the inlet about
10 miles E of Ra’s a arf.
Khawr al’ Makrah N12 Light-buoy (safe water) is moored about 2 miles S
of Ra’s a arf in the approaches to the inlet.
Description 10.82
10.78 1 Fur fir (16°59′N, 42°25′E) is an island lying on the
1 Khawr al’ Makrah (17°49′N, 41°52′E) is a small break in coastal bank in the entrance to Khawr Ab as Sab‘, about
the coastal reef which lies on the SW side of Jabal Husn 1 miles ESE of Ras Turfa.
Mjiz. Three small islets stand on the reef fringing the SW side
10.79 of the island but they are difficult to distinguish from a
Landmark: distance and appear as one islet.
1 Jabal Husn Mjiz (17°50′N, 41°54′E) is a hill which
stands about 9 miles ESE of Jabal Baqara (17°52′N, Anchorage
41°48′E) (10.96). The hill rises from a position 10.83
close in from the coast; it has a steep peak on its N 1 Anchorage may be obtained in depths from 7 to 15 m in
side and a fort stands on its summit. the outer part of Khawr Ab as Sab‘, S of the bar.
Local knowledge is required for the use of this anchorage.
Khawr ‘Itwad
Further anchorages
Description
10.80 Chart 157
1 Khawr ‘Itwad (17°35′N, 42°08′E) is a small inlet entered 10.84
about 11 miles SW of the large village of Ad Darb. 1 In general, anchorage may be obtained off most of the
A dangerous reef lies about 8 cables SW of the SE stretch of coast which lies between Widn (17°51′N,
entrance point to the inlet. 41°47′E) and a position about 10 miles N of Ra’s a arf
A detached shoal, with a least depth over it of 11⋅4 m, (10.81).
marked on its W side by a light-buoy (W cardinal) lies about 10.85
7 miles WSW of the entrance to the inlet. 1 Small vessels may obtain anchorage within the small inlet
on whose shores the village of Widn is situated, in depths
Khawr Ab as Sab ’ from about 5 to 7 m; this anchorage is only sheltered from S
winds.
Chart 15
Description Chart 15
10.81 10.86
1 Khawr Ab as Sab’ (17°05′N, 42°25′E) is entered E of 1 Anchorage for small vessels, with good protection from S
Ra’s a arf (Ras Turfa) (17°01′N, 42°22′E) which forms winds, may also be obtained towards the S end of the
the S extremity of a narrow strip of low land, covered with narrow channel which lies between Sarad Sarso (16°51′N,
bushes; this strip of land forms the W side of the inlet. 41°35′E) (10.67) and Sindi Sarso (close E) (10.67).
The inlet is encumbered with shoals which extend about 10.87
8 miles S from its head in Khawr al Ja‘firah, an extension 1 Small vessels may also obtain anchorage between the reef
of the inlet to the N. surrounding the E side of (Dhu Hirab) (Dawharb) (16°19′N,
2 The E shore of the inlet is foul throughout its length. 41°58′E) (10.68) and the small unnamed islet which lies
A steep-to point is situated on the W side of the inlet, close E, in depths of 3 m, sand. Some protection from N
about 1 miles N of Ra’s a arf; a bushy islet lies about winds is given by the proximity of shoal water NW of the
5 cables farther N. anchorage.
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Local knowledge is required for the use of the anchorage Ab Shar‘ah (16°43′N, 42°16′E) are a small, rocky
NE of the island. group of islets lying near the edge of the coastal bank, E of
Ra’s Maraba.
10.117
1 An area of foul ground extends E from the E side of
Jaz ‘ir Faras n Group Farasn al Kabr, between Ra’s Maraba (16°43′N, 42°11′E)
and Ra’s Abarah (8 miles S), to the NW side of Strawbridge
Strait (10.154). As well as the numerous dangerous rocks
Chart 15 and coral reefs which lie on this foul ground there are a
10.111 number of named and unnamed islets.
1 Jaz‘ir Farasn (Farasn Islands) (16°45′N, 42°00′E) are a 2 A passage, previously known as Dahlia Passage, lies
group of islands which contain the largest islands situated on between the bank bordering the E coast of Farasn al Kabr,
the E side of the Red Sea. N of Ra’s Abarah, and the off-lying islets and dangers.
10.118
Faras n al Kab r and Saj d 1 Anchorage. Small vessels may obtain anchorage in the
unnamed bay (16°45′N, 42°10′E) off a small village situated
10.112
about 5 miles SSE of Ra’s al Jass (16°49′N, 42°05′E).
1 Description. Farasn al Kabr (16°42′N, 42°00′E), and
It is advisable to anchor in depths of not less than 37 m
Sajd which lies partly in a bay formed by the N side of
as in lesser depths the bottom appears to be very uneven.
Farasn al Kabr, are the two largest islands of Jaz‘ir
A conspicuous fort (16°43′N, 42°07′E), which stands
Farasn and are, for all intents and purposes, one island.
about 1 km NNE of the village of Farasn, is a good
Both islands have hills formed of coral rock; both have
landmark from the N when making for this anchorage.
plains and valleys within their interior.
10.119
The NW part of Farasn al Kabr is high and rocky.
1 Mandhar (16°50′N, 42°01′E) lies on the N edge of the
Both islands are surrounded by numerous coral
coastal reef which borders the SE side of Sajd (10.112).
formations, rocks and shoals whose position and extent may
Mandhar forms the S side of the entrance channel which
best be seen on the chart.
leads through to Khawr Sajd (10.125).
10.113
Jabal Mandhar rises from the E end of the island to an
1 North of Saj d. Ra’s Rhib is the WNW extremity of a
elevation of 35 m.
long and narrow unnamed island which lies close off the NE
10.120
corner of Sajd.
1 Dh hik (16°55′N, 42°06′E) is a 6 m high coral islet
This unnamed island is fronted on both sides by several
which lies about 7 miles NE of the entrance to Khawr Sajd
islets; along its SW side lie Ludhwar Rik, Rik Kabr, Rik
(10.125).
ajhr and Safara Islets.
A dangerous shoal, with a least depth over it of 2 m, lies
10.114
about 1 mile SE of the islet; a further shoal, with a least
1 South-west side of Faras n al Kab r. Janbah Bay
depth over it of 3 m, lies 2 miles WNW; a dangerous rock
(10.130) lies in the SW part of the island between Mary
lies in the approach to Khawr Sajd about 3 miles WSW of
Point (16°40′N, 41°59′E) and Ra’s Shiddah (5 miles ESE).
the islet.
Qumm (10.150) encumbers the middle part of the entrance
to Janbah Bay which is entered from between the E side of
the island and Ra’s Shiddah.
From the vicinity of Ra’s Shiddah (16°38′N, 42°04′E) to Inlets and bays in the Jaz ‘ir Faras n Group
Ra’s Abarah (7 miles ESE), an indefinite point, the coast of
the island is low. Chart 15
10.115 Khawr al Ma‘ d
1 East side of Faras n al Kab r. Between Ra’s al Jass 10.121
(16°49′N, 42°05′E) and Ra’s Maraba (8 miles SE) lies an 1 Description. Khawr al Ma‘d (16°46′N, 41°55′E) is a
unnamed bay (16°45′N, 42°10′E) formed by the NE side of bay situated on the NE side of Farasn al Kabr (10.112)
Farasn al Kabr and a reef which extends about 3 miles which is almost totally enclosed by Farasn al Kabr on its
NE from the vicinity of Ra’s Maraba. SW side, and Sajd (10.112) on its NE side.
2 Sulain Islet (16°45′N, 42°13′E), Maraba Islet (1 miles 2 The bay is entered from the NW between Ra’s Farasn
SSW) and a number of other unnamed islets all stand on this (16°54′N, 41°45′E) and Ra’s ‘Amy‘ (5 miles ENE) the NW
reef. extremity of Sajd; its shores are fringed by reefs which
A narrow channel leads through the coastal reef close E extend 2 miles from its head.
of Ra’s Maraba and is marked by F5 Light-buoy (starboard Sayr, 4 miles SE of Ra’s Farasn, is one of several
hand) and F4 Light-buoy (port hand). villages on the SW shore of Khawr al Ma‘d; these villages
10.116 are probably uninhabited except during the date picking
1 The Abulad Islets lie between 4 miles and 5 miles N of season.
Ra’s Maraba on a below-water extension of the reef; there is 10.122
a remarkable knob or bluff on the S end of the central island 1 Directions. Approach the bay from the NW, passing
of this group. F3 Light-buoy (16°47′N, 42°13′E) is moored between Wishkah (17°00′⋅5N, 41°39′⋅0E) (10.137) and Safan
on the N side of the channel which leads over this extension (2 miles SE) (10.140). Then steer SE towards the entrance
of the reef which lies between Sulain Islet and the Abulad to Khawr al Ma‘d having due regard to the dangers on
Islets. both sides of the fairway which are best seen on the chart.
2 South Sulain Islet, which lies close SSW of Sulain Islet, 10.123
is the highest islet in this vicinity. It has a flat summit on 1 Caution. Note the dangerous rock (position approximate)
which stands a fort; from the N this islet appears to be part which lies in the middle of the fairway 2 miles ESE of
of Farasn al Kabr. Safan.
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It should also be noted that a dangerous shoal depth is North—west islands of the Faras n Group
reported to lie just within the bay, about 6 miles SE of
Ra’s Farasn. Maraayn
10.124 10.132
1 Anchorage may be obtained near the entrance to the 1 Description. Maraayn (17°09′N, 41°37′E) is a small
inlet, about 1 miles E of Ra’s Farasn, in depths from 29 islet formed by a group of dark rocks, about 3 m high.
to 37 m.
Jabal Muhammad Island
Khawr Saj d 10.133
10.125 1 Description. Jabal Muhammad Island (17°03′N, 41°45′E)
1 Description. Khawr Sajd (16°50′N, 41°58′E) is an inlet consists of sand and coral which rise in its E part to a dark
on the SE side of Sajd (10.112) which is entered from the wedge-shaped hill, about 46 m high.
NE, passing N of Mandhar (10.119); a coral reef fringes the
shores of the inlet from which it extends about 1 mile from ‘Akbayn
the shore, in places. 10.134
There are a number of rocks awash, dangerous rocks and 1 Description. ‘Akbayn (17°05′⋅2N, 41°55′⋅8E) is the
coral reefs lying within the approaches to Khawr Sajd; their N-most islet of the numerous rocky islets which lie on a
positions are best seen on the chart. bank initially extending NE, then turning NW, from the N
2 An unnamed islet lies about 5 cables SE of the N part of Sajd (10.112).
entrance point to the inlet; a dangerous rock lies close off
the coral reef on the N side of the inner end of the entrance Sayr ‘Abd
channel, about 7 cables WSW of the unnamed islet. 10.135
Further unnamed islets lie on the coral reef on the N side, 1 Description. Sayr ‘Abd (17°01′⋅2N, 42°00′⋅1E) is the
of the outer end, of the entrance channel. E-most islet on the bank extending NE, then NW, from the
3 Sajd village is a ruined village which stands on the NW N part of Sajd (10.112).
shore of the inlet, along with a grove of date palms. At the The islet is a small, round, mushroom-shaped coral rock
W end of Khawr Sajd there is an opening in the coral reef, about 6 m high.
about 16 m wide; the S edge of the date palm grove bearing
294° leads into this opening. ahrat Maraayn
10.126 10.136
1 Anchorage. A good anchorage may be obtained within 1 Description. ahrat Maraayn (17°02′⋅5N, 41°32′⋅7E) is
Khawr Sajd, which is completely sheltered from wind and a dark, rocky islet, about 6 m high, fringed by a reef; this
sea, in depths of about 20 m. islet is usually identified visually at a distance of about
15 miles.
Al Qabr
10.127 Wishkah
1 Description. Al Qabr (16°46′N, 42°02′E) is entered E of 10.137
Mandhar (10.119) and extends about 7 miles S, thence about 1 Description. Wishkah (17°00′⋅5N, 41°39′⋅0E) is a sand
3 miles E. and coral islet which rises to a height of 18 m and is
Coral reefs border both sides of the inlet with some rocky surrounded by a coral reef.
islets standing on the W reef. In 1981 the islet was reported to be covered in scrub.
2 The islets of Sayl Sherra Kebr and Sayl Sherra aghr
both stand on the reef on the E side of the entrance which Ad Diss n
fronts Ra’s al Jass (16°49′N, 42°05′E) the N extremity of 10.138
Farasn al Kabr (10.112). 1 Description. Ad Dissn (16°55′⋅5N, 41°41′⋅0E) is a flat
The fairway through Al Qabr is encumbered with rocks, island rising gradually towards its centre; the NE side of the
from about 1 to 1 miles S of Mandhar, but there is a island is rocky with one or two remarkable sandy patches
narrow, tortuous channel through the inlet in which there is a situated about 1 mile from its N extremity.
least depth of 5⋅5 m. Jabal Dissn rises in the S part of the island and forms a
prominent hummock about 67 m high; a cairn stands on the
Al Ham ra S part of the island.
10.128 2 A prominent rock is reported to lie 4 cables off the SW
1 Description. Al Hamra (16°50′N, 41°47′E) is a small side of the island.
bay entered between Ra’s Farasn and Kaira (10.143). Abtain Bay is a small bay on the NE side of the island.
10.129 A coral reef, on which there are a number of islets,
1 Anchorage, which is mainly used by local craft, may be connects the island with Ra’s Farasn, the NW extremity of
obtained within the bay. Farasn al Kabr (10.112).
10.139
Jan bah Bay 1 Anchorage, which is sheltered from S winds, may be
10.130 obtained in Abtain Anchorage off the NE side of Ad Dissn.
1 Description. Janbah Bay is situated on the SW part of In 1930 it was reported that the holding ground was poor
Farasn al Kabr (10.112) between Mary Point (16°40′N, and that Abtain Bay was foul.
41°59′E) and Ra’s Shiddah (5 miles ESE), but is entered Local knowledge is required for the use of this
between Ra’s Shiddah and the E side of Qumm (10.150) anchorage.
which encumbers the middle of the mouth of the bay. Anchorage has also been obtained, in a depth of about
10.131 46 m, about 3 cables offshore with the conspicuous white
1 Anchorage may be obtained in the E part of the bay. sand patch on the NE side of the island, bearing 151°.
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Safan 10.149
10.140 1 Anchorage may be obtained on the shallow bank off the
1 Description. Safan (16°58′⋅4N, 41°40′⋅4E) lies close off N side of the island in depths of about 10 m; though the
the N extremity of Ad Dissn (10.138) and is composed of nature of the bottom is not known, it is reported to be a
coral. The islet is about 6 m high. good holding ground during S winds.
10.141
Qumm
1 Anchorage may obtained by small vessels, sheltered from
10.150
N winds, within the channel between Ad Dissn and Safan.
1 Description. Qumm (16°38′N, 42°01′E) lies across the
Local knowledge is required for the use of this
entrance to Janbah Bay (10.130); the island is steep-to on
anchorage.
parts of its E and W sides, but its NW side is connected
West Mandhur with Farasn al Kabr (10.112) by a shallow bank.
A fairly conspicuous peak, 45 m high, stands about
10.142
7 cables NNW of Black Point, the W entrance point to an
1 Description. West Mandhur (16°58′N, 41°48′E), which is
inlet entered from the S side of the island; Slick Point forms
surrounded by a coral reef, is an island lying about 3 miles
the E entrance point to this inlet.
NW of Ra’s ‘Amy‘ the NW extremity of Sajd (10.112).
2 The inlet on the S side of the island has rocky, steep-to
Akbaya, Ab Shawk, and Hasib Islet, are three low coral
shores for about 1 mile within its entrance; a shallow bay on
islets which lie up to 2 miles N and NW of West Mandhur.
the W side of the inlet is entered S of a point formed by a
series of peculiar rocks, which, bearing 342°, makes a good
Islands south-west of Faras n al Kab r mark for entering the inlet.
10.151
Kaira 1 Anchorage. Good anchorage may be obtained within this
10.143 inlet, in depths from about 14 to 17 m, with Sagg Point (not
1 Description. Kaira (16°48′N, 41°45′E) is a small wooded charted by name) which lies 1 mile NNW of Slick Point,
islet surrounded by a coral reef. bearing 071°.
Zuf f Dumsuq
10.144 10.152
1 Description. Zuff (Dh Al Fayf) (16°43′N, 41°46′E) is 1 Description. Dumsuq (16°33′N, 42°03′E) lies about
an island which shows up well. 3 miles SE of Salbah (10.148) on the same shallow bank;
A cove indents the NE side of the island between a the island is high and almost divided into two by a narrow
conspicuous sandspit, 9 cables from the SE extremity of the inlet.
island, and a point about 1 miles farther NW. A An above-water rock is reported to lie about 5 cables off
conspicuous white cliff stands near the centre of the SW its SE side.
shore of the cove.
2 The cove may be approached between the NW end of Islands south of Faras n al Kab r
Doewa Reef, a dangerous reef, and a shallow coral bank Mazarkiff Islands
extending 4 cables SE from the NE entrance point to the 10.153
cove. A rock awash lies 3 cables S of the NE entrance point 1 Description. Mazarkiff Islands (16°35′N, 42°21′E) are a
to the cove; an above-water rock lies 2 cables NNW of the group of islands of which the main three are Ghuzeh,
white cliff. Mazagnef and Maserlein, all of which lie E of Ra’s Abarah
10.145 (10.117); all of these islands are fringed by reefs.
1 Anchorage. It has been reported that anchorage may be Dangerous shoal banks lie SE and SW of the islands;
obtained about 2 cables N of the N end of the island, in a another shoal bank, with a least depth over it of 5 m, lies
depth of about 18 m. about 3 miles ENE of Ghuzeh Island.
Anchorage may also be obtained W and NW of Doewa Mazarkiff Islands Light-beacon (red daymark) (16°34′⋅5N,
Reef in depths of less than 20 m. 42°21′⋅6E) marks the SE end of Ghuzeh, the largest island
of the group.
Dushuk 10.154
10.146 1 Strawbridge Strait (16°35′N, 42°18′E) lies between the
1 Description. Dushuk (16°38′N, 41°52′E) is a high coral coastal bank extending E and SE of Farasn al Kabr
island standing on the coral reef extending SE from Zuff. (10.112), on its W side, and on its E side, the Mazarkiff
Sayr Haggar is an islet lying at the outer end of a bank Islands (10.153) and the dangerous detached, rocky, shoal
which extends about 4 miles W from the N end of Dushuk bank which extends 3 miles SW of Maserlein.
Island; several other unnamed islets also stand on this bank. In 1978 it was reported that there were least depths of
3⋅7 m within the passage.
Akbar qayl 2 Sumayr (16°31′N, 42°15′E) is a low islet with a reef
10.147 extending SW of it which lies on the W side of the S end of
1 Description. Akbar qayl (16°38′N, 41°55′E), which lies the strait. In 1978 shoaling was reported between Sumayr
between Dushuk and Salbah, is a high coral island and a sand cay lying on a bank situated 2 miles N.
surrounded by a reef. Local knowledge is required for the use of Strawbridge
Strait.
Sal bah
10.148 ahrat Sumayr
1 Description. Salbah (16°35′N, 41°59′E) lies on a 10.155
shallow bank close SW of Qumm (10.150). The island is 1 Description. ahrat Sumayr (16°29′N, 42°18′E) is a low
high and composed of coral. islet, composed of coral and fringed by a reef.
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A stranded wreck lies on the edge of the reef about Umm al umm
1 miles SSW of the island. 10.163
1 Description. Umm al umm
(16°19′N, 42°35′E) is a
Rumayn coral islet, nearly surrounded by a coral reef, lying near the
10.156 edge of the Farasn Bank (10.14); an unnamed islet
1 Description. Rumayn (16°26′N, 42°16′E) lies towards the surrounded by a reef, lies about 1 mile NNW. A coral reef
NW end of a bank which extends SE to Murayn (10.158). lies towards the edge of the bank, E of Umm al umm
;
The island is sandy and fringed by a reef; the highest point dangerous below-water rocks lie in this vicinity.
of the island lies in its NW end. Manis, an islet surrounded by a coral reef, lies midway
10.157 between Umm al umm
and Buklan (10.164).
1 Anchorage, sheltered from S winds, may be obtained off
Duqaylah Islands
the NE side of Rumayn Island.
10.164
Local knowledge is required for the use of this
1 Description. The Duqaylah Islands (16°17′N, 42°29′E)
anchorage.
are a group of rocky islands which lie on the SW side of the
shallow bank on which also stand Umm al umm
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CHAPTER 10
TRACK ACROSS THE FARAS N BANK of 53 m about 2 miles SE of Ra’s Farasn (10.121),
SOUTH — WEST OF JAZ ’IR FARAS N entering the bay formed by Ad Dissn, the NW corner of
Farasn al Kabr (10.112) and Kaira (10.143) and passing
Chart 15 (with positions given from Mary Point (16°40′⋅0N,
Local knowledge 41°59′⋅2E)):
10.168 2 Through the narrow channel which lies between the E
1 This route, which leads between the islands NE and E of extremity of Kaira (16 miles NW) and the W-most
Shi‘b Farasn (10.167), should not be attempted unless in point of Farasn al Kabr; then along the SW side
possession of local knowledge. of Farasn al Kabr. Thence:
NE of Zuff (Dh Al Fayf) (12 miles WNW) (10.144),
Caution thence:
10.169 NE of Doewa Reef (9 miles WNW) (10.144) which
1 A strong current is sometimes experienced in the narrow lies close off the SE end of Zuff, thence:
channel between Qumm (16°38′N, 42°01′E) (10.150) and 3 NE of Dushuk (7 miles W) (10.146). Thence:
Salbah (1 mile SW) (10.148). NE of Akbar qayl (4 miles SW) (10.147), thence:
Tide-rips caused by the uneven bottom may be mistaken SW of Mary Point (10.114), thence:
for reefs. 10.172
1 From a position SW of Mary Point (16°40′⋅0N,
Directions 41°59′⋅2E) the track continues SE, passing (with positions
10.170 given from Ra’s Shiddah (16°37′⋅9N, 42°04′⋅4E)):
1 From a position about 1 miles W of ahrat Maraayn Through the narrow channel (4 miles WSW) which lies
(17°02′⋅5N, 41°32′⋅7E) the track leads generally SE for between the SW side of Qumm (10.150) and the
about 52 miles, passing (with positions given from Jabal reef extending NE from the NE point of Salbah
Dissn (16°54′⋅1N, 41°41′⋅5E)): (10.148), favouring the Qumm side of the
SW of ahrat Maraayn (12 miles NW) (10.136). channel which is steep-to. Thence:
Thence: 2 SW of Black Point (3 miles WSW) (10.150), thence:
NE of a large detached shoal (7 miles NW), with a SSW of Ra’s Shiddah (10.114), thence:
least depth over it of 4 m. A shoal, with a least NNE of Dumsuq (5 miles SSW) (10.152). Thence:
depth over it of 9⋅1 m, lies between the S side of SW of Slick Point (3 miles SW) (10.150), thence:
the large detached shoal and the N end of Sarad SSW of the shoal spur (6 miles SE), with a least depth
Sarso (10.67), thence: over it of 4 m, which extends about 2 miles SW
2 SW of Wishkah (7 miles NNW) (10.137), thence: from an unnamed point on the coast about 1 miles
WSW of Safan (4 miles N) (10.140). Thence: W of Ra’s Abarah, thence:
W of the W extremity of Ad Dissn (2 miles WNW) 3 SSW of Ra’s Abarah (7 miles ESE) (10.117); note
(10.138), thence: the detached shoal (reported 1978), with a least
NE of Sindi Sarso (5 miles WSW) (10.67), thence: depth over it of 8⋅2 m, which lies 3 miles SSW of
10.171 the point.
1 From a position SW of Jabal Dissn (16°54′⋅1N, 10.173
41°41′⋅5E), the track continues on an E heading, steering for 1 Strawbridge Strait, which lies E of Ra’s Abarah, is
Jabal Hegena (16°51′⋅7N, 41°47′⋅2E) which rises to a height described at 10.154.
JZ N
GENERAL INFORMATION Between the E entrance point to Khawr Ab as Sab‘
(10.81) and Jzn (9 miles S), the coast is flat and sandy.
Chart 15 The hills, which stand close behind Jzn, rise to a height of
Position about 60 m. They make a good mark being the only high
10.174 land in this vicinity.
1 Jzn (Gizan) (16°54′N, 42°32′E) is situated on the E side 2 The coast between Jzn and Oreste Point (33 miles SSE)
of the S part of the Red Sea, about 260 miles N of Bab el (10.234) consists of rocky cliffs backed by jungle.
Mandeb (4.71). Qarn al Shrah is a small bushy point which lies on this
stretch of coast, about 4 miles SSE of Jzn.
Function
Port limits
10.175
10.178
1 Jzn is a developing port serving the S areas of Saudi
1 The limits of the Port of Jzn extend about 9 miles W
Arabia.
from Qarn al Wad (17°00′N, 42°33′E) to Furfir (16°59′N,
10.176
42°25′E), thence about 7 miles S to Hibar (16°53′N,
1 Trade. The main imports include livestock, barley and
42°25′E), thence about 5 miles SSE to Umm al Kathb
general cargo.
(16°49′N, 42°28′E), and then finally 7 miles ENE to a point
The main exports include general cargo, foodstuffs and
on the shore near Qarn al Shrah (16°50′N, 42°35′E).
cement clinker.
Approach and entry
Topography 10.179
10.177 1 Approach. The approach described is made from a
1 Jzn is situated on a small promontory about 12 miles SE position in the central part of the Red Sea about 10 miles
of Ra’s a arf (17°01′N, 42°22′E) (10.81). WSW of Jzn North Light-buoy (16°57′N, 41°17′E) (10.67)
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and leads through the Jzn Northern Approach Route For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
(10.197) to the pilot boarding position (10.193) which lies in Signals, Volume 6 (3).
the vicinity of N13 Light-buoy (16°53′⋅6N, 42°26′⋅2E)
(10.203). Notice of ETA
2 Entry to the port is made through a buoyed inner 10.190
channel which leads about 5 miles E from the vicinity of 1 Vessels should give notice, through their agent, of their
N13 Light-buoy, across the off-lying bank to the entrance to ETA 5 days, 2 days and 1 day in advance of their arrival.
the port formed by the NW and S breakwaters.
Outer anchorages
Traffic 10.191
10.180 1 Anchorage A (16°54′⋅5N, 42°28′⋅0E), for use by general
1 In 2003 the port was used by 73 vessels. cargo vessels, lies about 4 miles WNW of the harbour
entrance.
Port Authority A shoal, with a least depth over it of 6⋅4 m, lies close N
10.181 of the designated position for Anchorage A. This shoal is
1 The harbour is administered by Jzn Port Management: not easily discernible.
PO Box 16, Jzn, Saudi Arabia. Anchorage B (16°51′⋅8N, 42°28′⋅2E), for use by tankers,
lies about 3 miles WSW of the harbour entrance.
10.192
LIMITING CONDITIONS 1 Prohibited area. An area within which anchoring and
Charts 15, 16 fishing is prohibited, and navigation is restricted to vessels
Controlling depth under pilotage, extends between the shore and the two SPM
10.182 berths (10.224), as shown on the chart.
1 The inner entrance channel is dredged to a depth of Four red spar buoys mark the seaward limit of this
13⋅5 m (1994). prohibited area.
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NW end of a line of dangerous rocks and shoals irregular and it is considered unsafe to navigate over
which lie along the SW side of the fairway, and: it. ahrat Durkah is the S-most islet of the bank
2 SW of a detached shoal (17°20′⋅0N, 41°46′⋅2E), with a which shows as a sandy cay during the summer, but
least depth over it of 8⋅7 m, which lies between two at other times the sea breaks over it. Two Sisters,
larger areas of shoal water. The NW larger shoal Flop Islet and Durka are three other islets situated
area has a least depth over it of 5 m; the SE larger on this bank, thence:
shoal area has a least depth over it of 6⋅7 m but also 6 SSW of N12 Light-buoy (safe water) (16°58′⋅1N,
has some dangerous rocks lying on its E side. It is 42°22′⋅8E) which is moored about 2 miles SW of
considered unsafe to navigate through either of Furfir (10.82), thence:
these two larger shoal areas. Thence: NE of Hibar (16°53′⋅0N, 42°24′⋅6E) which is fringed
3 NE of a detached shoal area (17°13′⋅5N, 41°46′⋅8E) by a reef. Thence:
over which the depth is unknown but through NE of N13 Light-buoy (safe water) (16°53′⋅6N,
which it is considered dangerous to navigate, 42°26′⋅2E) and thence to the pilot boarding position
thence: (10.193) which lies about 4 cables E.
SW of a detached shoal (17°13′⋅3N, 41°54′⋅2E)
Chart 16
(position approximate), with a least depth over it of
9⋅1 m, thence:
Entrance Channel
4 SW of a dangerous rock (17°11′⋅2N, 42°54′⋅5E) 10.204
(reported 1967) standing on a detached area of 1 Directions. From the pilot boarding position in the
shoal water near the middle of the fairway of the vicinity of N13 Light-buoy the track through the Jzn
Northern Approach Channel, and clear of N10 Entrance Channel leads E for about 5 miles.
Light-buoy (safe water) (1 mile SW). A shoal area, Leading lights:
on which lie a number of dangerous rocks, lies on Front light (16°52′⋅9N, 42°32′⋅2E) situated at the root
the NE side of the channel about 3 miles ENE of of the South Breakwater.
the dangerous rock. Thence: Rear light (300 m from front).
5 NE of ‘Akbayn (17°05′⋅2N, 41°55′⋅8E) (10.134) and 2 The alignment (096°) of these leading lights, as shown
the chain of reefs and small islets which extend on the chart, leads through the entrance channel, through the
about 7 miles SE, thence: outer breakwaters and into the Port of Jzn, passing (with
10.203 positions given from South Breakwater Head Light
1 Passing: (16°53′⋅0N, 42°31′⋅5E)):
SW of North Ghurb (17°06′⋅4N, 42°04′⋅0E) which is Between G1 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (3 miles W),
light brown in colour and is surrounded by a reef, and G2 Light-buoy (port hand) which lies about
both of which are situated on the SW edge of a 1 cables N, thence:
shoal bank of sand and mud which extends SE and Between G3 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (1 miles
NW from the islet; a small black rock lies 3 cables W), and G4 Light-buoy (port hand) which lies
NW of the islet. North Ghurb Light-beacon (red about 1 cables N, thence:
beacon; racon) stands on the SW edge of the islet. 3 N of G5 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (4 cables W),
Thence: thence:
2 SSW of the light-buoy (E cardinal) (17°05′⋅1N, S of G6 Light-buoy (port hand) (3 cables NW), thence:
42°08′⋅9E) which marks the E end of the shoal N of South Breakwater Head Light (green metal
bank of sand and mud on which stands North framework tower), thence:
Ghurb, and: S of NW Breakwater Head Light (red metal framework
NNE of a detached shoal (17°00′⋅2N, 42°07′⋅4E), with tower) (2 cables NE); Jzn Port Control Tower lies
a least depth over it of 9⋅2 m, which lies at the N close ENE of the light; thence into the main port
end of a chain of similar detached shoals which area.
extends S to the vicinity of Ra’s al Jass (10.115);
Dhhik (10.120) stands in the middle part of this
chain of detached shoals. Thence: JZ N SOUTHERN APPROACH ROUTE
3 SSW of the detached shoal bank (17°04′N, 42°14′E), Chart 15
with a least depth over it of 3⋅5m, which lies General remarks
between Sha‘rah and North Ghurb (14 miles 10.205
WNW), thence: 1 In 1983 the Port of Jzn Southern Approach Route was
4 SSW of Sha‘rah (17°02′⋅5N, 42°18′⋅2E) which is dark closed to all vessels until further survey work was completed
brown and rocky but with a very white beach and to establish a safe, deeper route. In January 2003 the Saudi
stands on the SE end of a bank of rocks and sand. Ports Authority announced the installation of a number of
In 1981 Sha‘rah was reported to be covered with light-buoys intended only to facilitate a new survey of the
green bushes with four huts situated on its E side. Southern Approach Route, and not for the use of general
Note also the detached shoal, with a least depth commercial vessels.
over it of 9⋅9 m, which lies about 8 cables SE of the 2 All vessels bound for Jzn should continue to use the
islet. Thence: Jzn Northern Approach Route (10.197) until further notice.
5 NNE of Ab Shuqar (16°55′⋅5N, 42°17′⋅4E) the
NE-most islet on Ab Shuqar Bank. The islet is
covered with trees and makes a good mark; from a Pearly Gates
distance, especially on NW bearings, it appears as 10.206
two separate islets. Ab Shuqar Bank (16°53′⋅0N, 1 Description. The Pearly Gates (16°20′N, 41°52′E) is the
42°17′⋅0E) is encumbered with several islets, reefs named outer channel which lies between the SE edge of
and shoal heads; depths over the bank are very Shi‘b Farasn (10.167) and the dangers NW of Dhu Hirab
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CHAPTER 10
(Dawharb) (10.68). The passage provides the outer entrance cranes; self propelled barges; grain elevator of 200 tonnes
to the Jzn Southern Approach Route, which is being capacity; harbour launches with one equipped for fire
re-surveyed (2003). fighting.
In 1953 less water than charted was reported to lie in this
channel. Supplies
10.216
1 Fresh water but no barge supply; diesel available by road
BERTHS tanker; small quantities of fresh provisions available.
Chart 16 Communications
Anchorages 10.217
10.207 1 Jzn Airport, situated close E of the town, offers internal
1 See 10.191. air services and international services via Jeddah or Riyadh
Alongside berths International Airports.
10.208
1 The alongside berths in Jzn are numbered clockwise in JZ N OIL TERMINAL
sequence from the control tower. The positions and
configurations of the berths can best be seen from the chart. General layout
West Quay has five berths. The longest is Berth 1, 10.218
(16°53′⋅1N, 42°31′⋅9E) which is 199 m in length with depths 1 Jzn Oil Terminal (16°50′N, 42°30′E) consists of two
of 10⋅7 m alongside. SPM Buoys, SPM−1 and SPM−2, moored about 4 miles SW
10.209 of the main harbour area.
1 Head of the harbour has two berths. The longest is Jzn Jetty (10.225) extends SW from Rushdi Point
Berth 6, (16°53′⋅5N, 42°31′⋅9E) which is 183 m in length (16°52′⋅3N, 42°33′⋅3E).
with depths of 8⋅8 m alongside. It is used for general cargo Lights are exhibited from both SPM Buoys and from the
and livestock. head of the jetty.
10.210 Operating Authority
1 East Quay has five berths. The longest are Berths 11 and 10.219
12, (16°53′⋅2N, 42°32′⋅1E) which are 216 m in length each 1 The facility is operated by Saudi Aramco.
with depths of 10⋅7 m alongside. They are used for
containers and Ro-Ro. Pilotage
10.211 10.220
1 South Quay has one berth. It is numbered Berth 13 1 Pilotage is compulsory; pilots board in the vicinity of
(16°53′⋅1N, 42°32′⋅1E) and is 205 m in length with a depth N13 Light-buoy (16°53′⋅6N, 42°26′⋅2E) (10.203) or in the
of 8 m alongside. It is used for coastal traffic. anchorage; see 10.193.
10.212 If bound for Jzn Jetty (10.225) the pilot boards
1 Service Quay. A service quay is situated on the W side approximately 1 mile W of the entry light-buoy (yellow can).
of the small basin which lies in the SE part of the harbour;
the quay has a depth alongside of 8⋅0 m. Tugs
10.213 10.221
1 Coastguard Harbour. The Coastguard Harbour, which 1 Two tugs are available; a mooring boat is also available.
lies close NE of the main harbour, is a small basin, enclosed Submarine pipelines
on its NW side by a breakwater. 10.222
The harbour is entered from the W, through an entrance 1 Submarine oil pipelines extend NE from the SPM berths
situated near its SW corner, between the enclosing to land ashore in a position close E of Rushdi Point, in the
breakwater and a small breakwater spur extending a short vicinity of a tank farm.
distance N from a position on the S side of the harbour; Six light-beacons, numbered 1 to 6 from seaward, mark
lights are exhibited from the head of the breakwater and the the line of the submarine pipeline within the 10 m depth
NW corner of the small spur. contour.
2 Three buoys (cylindrical) are laid within the harbour. See 1.21.
In 1982 a cement factory ship was permanently moored,
with bows NW, alongside the small promontory which Prohibited area
projects NW from the N end of Coastguard Harbour. 10.223
Again, in 1982 a stranded wreck was reported, probably 1 An area, as shown on the chart, in which fishing and
one of the two charted lying close together about 2 cables anchoring is prohibited, encloses Jzn Oil Terminal; spar
N of the N end of the small promontory, as being prominent buoys (non-IALA) indicate the extent of the prohibited area.
with its bows S and with a port list.
Mooring berths
10.224
PORT SERVICES 1 The two SPM Berths are suitable for use by vessels of
Repairs between 10 000 dwt and 49 000 dwt, with a maximum LOA
10.214 of 220 m, a maximum beam of 35 m, and a maximum
1 Minor repairs only. draught of 16⋅3 m; lights are exhibited from both SPM
buoys.
Other facilities 2 A number of obstructions and areas of foul ground,
10.215 whose positions may best be seen on the chart, lie in the
1 Doctors and hospital; floating crane up to 200 tonnes vicinity of the SPM berths. An obstruction, with a least
capacity; quay side cranes up to 42 tonnes capacity; mobile depth over it of 12⋅7 m, lies 4 cables N of SPM−1; a further
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CHAPTER 10
obstruction, with a least depth over it of 15⋅8 m, lies about each end of the berth, all of which are inter-connected by
3 cables E of SPM−2. walkways.
3 A light-buoy (yellow cylindrical) is moored E of the SPM Lights are exhibited from the jetty head; mooring buoys
berths at the junction of the submarine pipelines which are laid close to the W end of the head of the jetty.
extend from the mooring berths with the main submarine
pipeline which leads NE to the shore. Directions
Caution. See 10.197 for minimum depth on the Jzn 10.226
Northern Approach Route. 1 Vessels instructed to proceed directly to the fixed jetty
should make for the pilot boarding position 2 miles W of
head of the jetty, before proceeding to the berth.
J z n Jetty See Pilotage (10.220).
Description Supplies
10.225 10.227
1 A jetty, which is used by small tankers up to 5000 dwt 1 Neither fresh water nor bunkers are available at the jetty.
with a maximum draught of 5⋅5 m, extends about 7 cables
SW from Rushdi Point (16°52′⋅3N, 42°33′⋅3E). Note the Small harbour
shoal depths of 4⋅0 and 4⋅3 m which lie close off the outer 10.228
end of the jetty. 1 A small harbour, approached through a dredged channel,
2 This berth consists of a working platform with breasting lies off Rushdi Point (16°52′⋅3N, 42°33′⋅3E) and is entered
dolphins on either side, two mooring dolphins are situated at W of the root of Jzn Jetty.
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CHAPTER 10
(10.154) and over which there is a least depth of depth over it of 3⋅2 m, and W of ‘shiq Bank,
13⋅5 m, at its E end; some dangerous rocks lie on thence:
this shoal. Thence: 3 WSW of Oreste Point. Oreste Shoal extends about
3 WSW of Ja‘far (12 miles S) an islet, surrounded by a 2 miles W of Oreste Point and dries as far as
reef, which lies near the S end of the shallow bank 1 miles offshore; this shoal does not show up
on which stands Kathryah. Ja‘far is covered with well. See 10.64.
bushes and makes a good mark, thence:
SW of ahrat Ja‘far (13 miles SSE) a small, sand cay Khawr Wahl n
fringed by a reef situated on the SE extremity of
the shallow bank; the cay is only visible at low Description
water. 10.235
1 Khawr Wahln (16°44′N, 42°42′E) is a shallow inlet,
entered through a narrow entrance S of Tower Point.
Chart 15 Both shores of the inlet are fringed by drying banks.
10.234 The S extremity of the belt of mangroves at the entrance
1 Passing (with positions given from Oreste Point (16°23′N, is distinct and forms a good mark. A conspicuous sand patch
42°46′E)): is situated on the coast about 4 cables SE of the mangroves.
NE of a shoal bank (18 miles NW), with a least depth Harrier Reef (16°43′N, 42°41′E), a coral reef, lies across
over it of 0⋅9 m, thence: the S approaches to the inlet.
SW of an unnamed islet (11 miles NNW) which lies
close off an area of coastal sand dunes and from Anchorages
which the coastal reef extends a farther 1 mile SW, 10.236
thence: 1 Small vessels may obtain anchorage W of the entrance to
ENE of a detached shoal (10 miles NW), with a least Khawr Wahln (10.235), between about 5 cables to 6 cables
depth over it of 3⋅2 m. Thence: offshore, in depths of about 4⋅6 m.
2 ENE of ‘shiq (7 miles WNW), an islet, which is Anchorage may also be obtained farther S in a position
nearly surrounded by a reef and lies near on the N about 7 cables NNE of Harrier Reef (10.235), in a similar
end of ‘shiq Bank, a shallow bank which extends depth. This latter anchorage would appear to be the most
about 4 miles S, thence: favourable berth in this vicinity.
ENE of ahrat ‘shiq (6 miles W), a sand cay, which 10.237
lies at the S end of ‘shiq Bank. Note the track 1 Anchorage may be obtained with the NE extremity of
through the Inner Channel may lead W of the ‘shiq (16°25′⋅5N, 42°38′⋅5E) bearing 300°, distant 4 cables,
detached shoal (16°29′⋅4N, 42°37′⋅5E), with a least in a depth of about 18 m, sand.
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Chapter 11 - Red Sea - east side. Oreste Point to Straits of Bab el Mandeb
157
18° S AU D I 18°
ARABIA
15
17° 17°
- -
Jizan
-
Farasan
Islands
Oreste Point
Sana Island
16° 16°
143
548
15° 15°
542
542 Al –udaydah
542 11.185
6
1925
453
14° Jabal Zuqar Island 14°
452
1955 Al Mukhº
ERI TREA 11.243
13° 13°
Dumeira
Island - Island
Mayyun
452
157
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CHAPTER 11
RED SEA — EAST SIDE — ORESTE POINT TO RA’S SHAYKH SAD AND THE
STRAITS OF BAB EL MANDEB
GENERAL INFORMATION
Charts 157, 452, 1925, 1955, 4704 (38 miles SSE) (11.243) forms a slight indentation; between
Scope of the chapter Ab Zahr (13°50′N, 43°14′E) and Al Mukh there are many
11.1 coastal villages all of which have one or two mosques; the
1 The area described in this chapter covers that part of the villages are usually surrounded by trees.
coast of Yemen which lies in the S part of the E side of the 11.5
Red Sea, between Oreste Point (16°23′N, 42°46′E) (10.234) 1 Between Al Mukh (13°19′N, 43°14′E) and the NE
and Ra’s Shaykh Sa‘d (225 miles S) (4.92). entrance to the Straits of Bab el Mandeb (40 miles SSE)
This chapter also includes a description of the Port of (4.71) the coast is backed by a sandy plain, covered with
udaydah (14°50′N, 42°56′E) (11.185) and the Port of Al scrub, which rises gradually to the base of the mountains
Mukh (13°19′N, 43°14′E) (11.243). which lie about 15 miles inland. In places, hills and low
The Straits of Bab el Mandeb, which are entered W of hummocks rise from this sandy plain.
Ra’s Shaykh Sa‘d, are described at 4.71. The mountains, which stand behind this stretch of coast,
are visible in clear weather to vessels approaching the Straits
of Bab el Mandeb and are described at 4.74.
Topography 11.6
11.2 1 The coast between the S end of Khawr az Zayd
1 Habl to Al Luayyah. From a position about 4 miles S (13°17′N, 43°14′E) (11.126) and the village of Dhubb
of Habl (16°08′N, 42°49′E) (11.168) to Al Luayyah (21miles SSE) (11.280) is fringed by a narrow coastal
(27 miles SSW) (11.146) the coast is bordered with reef.
mangroves and backed by sandy slopes covered with scrub.
Between Oreste Point (16°23′N, 42°46′E) (10.234) and Al
Luayyah (39 miles S) the coast is fringed by a reef Depths
extending up to 3miles offshore. 11.7
11.3 1 The depths in many of the areas covered by this chapter
1 Khawr Ghulayfiqah to Ra’s al Ghuwarraq. Between have not been systematically surveyed. Depths in these areas
Kitf al Makhyish (14°26′N, 43°00′E) (11.112) and Ra’s al are from miscellaneous lines of passage soundings or old
Ghuwarraq (31 miles SSE) the coast consists of a range of leadline surveys. Uncharted shoals and patches of coral may
low hills backed by mountains. exist.
11.4 For further details see the individual Source Diagram for
1 Ra’s al Ghuwarraq to Al Mukh The coast between each chart and The Mariner’s Handbook which contains
Ra’s al Ghuwarraq (13°57′N, 43°10′E) and Al Mukh guidance on the interpretation of source data.
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CHAPTER 11
rock covered with earth and sand, and with 4⋅9 m; the reef, which lies off the S end of Kamarn
overhanging cliffs about 3 m high. Passage is not Island, is fairly steep-to and plainly visible, thence:
recommended through the channel which lies 11.13
between the islet and the bank (6 miles SW) over 1 Passing:
which there is a least depth of 13 m and over which SW of Rashshah (15°10′N, 42°34′E), which lies about
a patch of discoloured water has been reported, and: 5 miles SSW of Ra’s al Bay
(11.17). The islet is
3 NE of Jazrat a ’ir (15°33′N, 41°50′E) (4.26). sandy and partially covered with scrub; a tomb,
Jazrat a ’ir Light (4.13) is exhibited from the W situated on the E part of the islet, is only visible
side of the summit of the island but the light is not from the N. A shoal bank, with depths of less than
visible from the E side of the island. Thence: 10 m over it, extends about 1 mile N, and 1miles
4 SW of Kutmah (15°41′N, 42°17′E) which lies on the SSE; during strong S winds the sea breaks heavily
N side of the W approach to Al Luayyah (11.146). over the S part of the shoal bank. Rashshah Islet
The island is composed of coral rock and sand with Light (white rectangle, black top, on metal
a ridge of hills on its E side rising to an elevation framework tower standing on concrete pillars, 8 m
of 29 m. The W side of the island is low and sandy high) is exhibited from near the centre of the island.
and is fronted by a rocky shallow bank which Ra’s ‘sá Marine Terminal (11.81) lies 3miles
extends up to 2miles W; dangerous rocks lie on SSE of the island. Thence:
the N part of this bank. The E side of the island is 2 NE of Penguin Shoal (14°57′N, 42°21′E) (4.17); see
formed of low cliffs and is apparently steep-to, caution at 11.9, thence:
thence: WSW of South East Patches (15°01′N, 42°39′E) a
5 SW of ‘Uqbn (15°30′N, 42°23′E), which lies on the group of banks, which lie S of, and within 12 miles
S side of the W approach to Al Luayyah. The distant of, Ra’s ‘sá (11.107), thence:
island is nearly divided into two parts close to its WSW of Lily Shoal (15°51′N, 42°45′E) which lies
central axis, where it is low and sandy. In its N part about 9 miles WSW of Ra’s al Katb (11.218); the
the island is flat with a conspicuous summit, 17 m shoal is generally visible. Thence:
high; North Point forms the N-most extremity of 3 WSW of Jazrat al Mujmilah (14°37′N, 42°55′E)
the island; dangerous rocks lie up to 6 cables NNW (11.116) which lies about 5 miles W of the
of North Point. The S part of the island is a flat settlement of Shujayrah, thence:
tableland, about 5 m high at its N end then rising to WSW of Avocet Rock (14°22′N, 42°42′E) (4.17).
an elevation of 20 m near its S extremity, with steep Caution. During the period of the NE monsoon there is
cliffs of between 12 and 18 m high, on its NE side. often a heavy sea between about 15 miles N of the Ab ‘Al
A rocky islet lies off the E side of the N part of the Islands (4.43) and 15 miles NW. Thence:
island. ‘Uqbn Light (white round tower) is ENE of the isolated shoal sounding (14°14′N,
exhibited from the S part of the island, thence: 42°27′E) (reported 1987), with a least depth over it
(Directions for passing N of of 10 m.
Kamarºn Island are given at 11.38) (Directions for the Straits of Bab El Mandeb by
11.12 way of Abø ‘AlØ Channel are given at 4.20)
1 Passing:
NE of Quoin Island (15°12′N, 42°03′E) (4.31), thence:
NE of Haycock Island (15°10′N, 42°07′E) (4.32), MA Q KAMAR N
Rugged Island (1miles SSW) (4.33) and Saddle
Island (3 miles S) (4.33) and their adjacent islands.
Thence: General information
2 SW of Clematis Shoal (15°20′N, 42°24′E) a detached
shoal; owing to the weed growing on the shoal it is Chart 548
not easily seen. A detached shoal area, with a least Description
depth over it of 10 m, lies about 1 miles N of the 11.14
shoal, thence: 1 Ma
q Kamarn (15°18′N, 42°39′E) is the name given to
3 NE of East Rocks (15°07′N, 42°12′E) (4.35), thence: the passage which lies between the E side of Kamarn Island
NE of Jabal Zubayr Island (15°03′N, 42°11′E) (4.37); (11.12) and the settlement of A alf (11.60).
and Centre Peak Island (1 mile SW). Centre Peak The passage is entered either from the N between Ra’s ad
Island Light (4.16) is exhibited from the middle of Dawba‘ (15°34′N, 42°42′E) (11.35) and the NE extremity
the SE end of Centre Peak Island. Thence: of Kamarn Island (7 miles SSW); or from the S between
4 SW of Kamarn Island (15°21′N, 42°35′E) which is Ra’s al Bay
(15°15′N, 42°37′E) (11.17) and Ra’s al
composed of rock and sand and is mostly low and Yaman (1miles WNW) (11.17) the S extremity of
sandy in appearance, rising a little towards its S end Kamarn Island.
where there are four hillocks. Jabal al Yaman, the
highest point of the island, rises in its S part to an
elevation of 20 m and is conspicuous. Jabal al Natural conditions
Yaman Light (black rectangle, white band, on 11.15
tubular framework tower standing on three concrete 1 Tidal stream. At springs the NE-going stream in Ma
q
pillars, 18 m high) (15°17′⋅3N, 42°34′⋅9E) is Kamarn attains a rate of about 1kn, with the SW-going
exhibited from the summit. Ra’s al Yaman (11.17) stream attaining a rate of about kn. In both cases the
forms the S extremity of the island, thence: streams set almost straight through the passage.
5 SW of Arab Shoal (15°14′N, 42°32′E) a sand and The rise and fall of the tides is greatly influenced by the
coral detached reef, with a least depth over it of direction of the wind; the level of the water sometimes
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CHAPTER 11
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CHAPTER 11
‘Uqb n agh r
11.36 Bar Ibn ‘Abb s
1 Description. ‘Uqbn aghr (15°25′N, 42°31′E) is a
sandy islet, about 3 m high, which lies on the NE side of a Description
spur of shoal water, with a least depth over its outer end of 11.41
7 m, which extends about 5 miles NW from the NW part of 1 Bar Ibn ‘Abbs (15°20′N, 42°45′E) is a large bay,
Kamarn Island (11.12); a small, unnamed islet lies on a mainly unsurveyed, which is entered from the E side of
coral reef, which itself stands on the shoal spur, close off Ma
q Kamarn (11.14), N of Ra’s arafah (15°22′N,
Kamarn Island. 42°42′E) the E-most point of the peninsula which extends
‘Uqbn aghr Light (black round tower, red bands) is NNE from A alf (11.60) and which forms the NE
exhibited from the summit of the islet. extremity of Masinah which is the peninsula that forms the
11.37 W side of the bay.
1 Dahlia Shoal (3miles SW) is a sand and coral shoal; 2 A shoal spur, with a least depth over it of 6⋅4 m, extends
during periods of strong S winds the sea breaks over the about 1miles NE of Ra’s arafah; an isolated shoal, with
shoal making it identifiable from a considerable distance. a least depth over it of 9⋅8 m, lies 1miles N of the point.
The E side of the bay is bordered by a reef which
extends up to 4 miles offshore; the W side of the bay, on the
Directions E side of Masinah, is also fringed by a reef which extends
up to 4 cables offshore.
Regulations 3 Ibn ‘Abbs is a coastal village situated about 13 miles
11.38 SSE of Ra’s ad Dawba‘ (11.35); a mosque, with three or
1 It is now obligatory to approach A alf (Saleef) (11.60) four domes, stands on the NW side of the village.
from the N. Al Qaryah (15°19′N, 42°41′E) is a village, situated on the
E side of Masinah, which consists of a number of huts
Approach passing north of Kamar n Island and two mosques.
11.39
1 From a position about 1miles S of the SE extremity of Dangers lying in the entrance to Bar Ibn ‘Abb s
‘Uqbn (11.11), the N approach route to Ma
q Kamarn 11.42
(11.14) leads mainly E, for about 18 miles, passing (with 1 Wickham Patches (15°27′N, 42°43′E) are a group of
positions given from ‘Uqbn aghr Light (15°25′⋅1N, shoals, which lie on the N side of the entrance to Bar Ibn
42°31′⋅4E)): ‘Abbs (11.41).
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CHAPTER 11
Ibn ‘Abb s Reef (15°25′N, 42°45′E) is a drying reef landing, project from the coast about 3 and 6 cables NNW
lying about 1 mile off the coast on the N side of the of the point.
entrance to the bay. 11.47
Barlow Patches (15°25′N, 42°44′E) lie close W of Ibn 1 On the coastal reef surrounding Kamarn Island (11.12),
‘Abbs Reef. S of Kamarn Harbour between Ra’s Ma‘ram (15°19′N,
42°37′E) and Ra’s al Yaman (3miles SSW), there are
Al Khawbah Fishing Harbour numerous drying coral heads; shallow passages lie between
these coral heads.
Description
11.43 Landmark
1 Al Khawbah Fishing Harbour (15°32′N, 42°45′E) which 11.48
lies close S of the village of Al Khawbah, is entered about 1 Two radio towers (15°20′⋅4N, 42°36′⋅6E) (positions
3 miles SE of Ra’s ad Dawba‘ (11.35). approximate) stand about 6 cables WNW of North
The harbour is protected by a L-shaped breakwater Point (11.46).
extending about 2 cables WSW from the coast, thence a
short distance SSE; a Fish Pier extends SSE from the main Piers
arm of the breakwater. 11.49
2 Al Khawbah Fishing Harbour Light is exhibited from the 1 Commissioners Pier is situated about 600 m W of North
head of the breakwater. Point (15°20′N, 42°37′E) and extends about 75 m SSW to
The coast in this vicinity, between Ra’s ad Dawba‘ the edge of the coastal reef; the pier has a depth alongside
(15°34′N, 42°42′E) and the entrance to Bar Ibn ‘Abbs its head of 0⋅6 m. The pier is painted white and has a white
(7miles SSE), is low-lying and fringed with mangroves in hut with a red roof, about 4 m high, standing on its S
places; a coral reef extends up to 1miles offshore. extremity. This hut is prominent and shows up well against
the rising ground behind it.
Boats intending to use Commissioners Pier should
Khawr Tuways approach on a course parallel with the line of the pier.
11.50
Description
1 Coal Pier, which extends about 110 m SSE from the
11.44
shore about 380 m W of Commissioners Pier, is used by
1 Khawr Tuways is the S arm of an inlet in the N part of
local craft; the pier has depths alongside of 1⋅2 m.
Kamarn Island (11.12) entered between Douglas Point
A buoy (black spherical) is moored close SE of the
(15°26′N, 42°39′E) and Ra’s Tuways (2miles S). Khawr
pierhead; lighter moorings are also laid off the head of the
Tuways affords a good boat harbour but it contains several
pier.
coral heads and patches.
11.51
2 Jazrat ‘Uthmn Rmiz lies about 2 miles SSW of
1 Town Pier situated on the SW side of the harbour
Douglas Point. The islet, which stands on that part of the
projects about 50 m NE from the NE part of the town of
coastal reef which divides the two arms of the inlet, is sandy
Kamarn; the pier, which extends across the coastal reef,
and covered with coarse scrub.
dries at its head.
The unnamed N arm of the inlet is encumbered with reefs
A flagstaff stands about 135 m S of the root of the pier.
and, is bordered by mangroves in its W part.
11.45 Anchorages
1 Anchorage may be obtained within the inlet by craft of 11.52
shallow draught.
1 As shown on the chart, anchorage may be obtained within
am d yah Harbour (15°23′N, 42°38′E), which dries the harbour with the centre of the bridge at the head of the
about 2 cables from its head, is entered N of Ra’s Hd Bin harbour bearing 288° and a prominent tall chimney on the N
Msá.
side of the harbour bearing 339°. This berth affords
1 A prominent tower stands 4cables SW of Ra’s Hd swinging room of about 135 m in depths of not less than
Bin Msá; several other groups of buildings are situated on 10 m, mud; good holding ground.
the coast between that point and North Point (15°20′N,
2 Anchorage may also be obtained outside the harbour
42°37′E), the N entrance point to Kamarn Harbour (11.46). entrance, as shown on the chart, about 2cables SSE of
North Point (15°20′N, 42°37′E), in depths of about 16⋅2 m.
Kamar n Harbour In 1959 it was reported that a vessel of moderate size
obtained anchorage about 360 m ESE of North Point
Chart 1955 plan of Kamarºn Harbour (15°20′N, 42°37′E) in a depth of 16⋅5 m, sand and shell.
Description
11.46 Facilities
1 Kamarn Harbour (15°20′N, 42°37′E) is entered from the 11.53
W side of Ma
q Kamarn (11.14) between North Point and 1 Cargo lighters; 2 tonnes capacity crane on Coal Pier;
Milton Point which lies about 3cables SSW; the harbour doctor.
extends about 5 cables W.
The town of Kamarn stands on the SW side of the Supplies
harbour and consists of several brick and stone buildings; a 11.54
low mosque with a small white dome stands in the town but 1 Fresh water is available from Commissioners Pier (11.49).
it is not conspicuous.
2 On the N side of the harbour are situated condensers and Communications
ice factories. 11.55
3 A mosque, with three white domes, stands about 1 mile 1 There is an airfield about 2 miles N of the town; coastal
NW of North Point; two small piers, which afford good vessels call frequently.
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Ghubb Diknaw 3 There are large rock salt deposits in the vicinity of the
town.
Chart 1955 Southern Entrance to MaÊØq Kamarºn
Description Traffic
11.56 11.64
1 Ghubb Diknaw (15°15′N, 42°39′E) is a deep bay entered 1 In 2001 the port was used by 2 vessels.
between Ra’s al Bay
(15°15′⋅2N, 42°36′⋅5E) (11.17) and
A alf (4miles NE) (11.60). Port Authority
The shores of the bay are low and sandy. 11.65
1 Port Authority of A alf, Ports and Marine Affairs
Marks Corp, P.O. Box 3183, Al udaydah, Yemen.
11.57
1 Landmark: Limiting conditions
Jabal Ma‘rab (15°14′⋅1N, 42°40′⋅7E) stands 4 miles S
of A alf (11.60) and rises to a elevation of 30 m. Deepest and longest berth
11.58 11.66
1 Beacons: 1 The Deep Water Berth (11.76) has an overall length of
A beacon (square stone pillar, black and white bands; about 450 m.
6 m high) (15°14′⋅5N, 42°36′⋅8E) stands about The outer face of the Offshore Berth (11.73) has
7 cables SSE of Ra’s al Bay
(11.17) on a coral alongside depths of about 18 m.
mound about 8 m high. This beacon is obscured by
palm trees until within 2 miles of the beacon; a Maximum size of vessel handled
white square building stands about 5 cables S of the 11.67
point. 1 Vessels up to 50 000 dwt can be berthed on the outer face
2 A further beacon (red steel framework; 8 m high) of the Offshore Berth.
(15°15′⋅1N, 42°36′⋅3E) reported in ruins, stands
3 cables WSW of Ra’s al Bay
Local weather
11.68
Anchorage 1 The wind in the vicinity of A alf usually picks up
11.59 during the day; this increase in the wind strength can delay
1 Good anchorage is available within Ghubb Diknaw. The berthing if the strength of the wind rises above force 4.
best berth, during periods of strong S winds where the water
is smooth, is off the S shore in depths from 31 to 37 m. Arrival information
Port radio
A ALF 11.69
1 A alf Port Control radio station controls the operations
General information of the port.
Chart 1955 Southern Entrance to MaÊØq Kamarºn Vessels should send their ETA 72 hours, 48 hours and
Position 24 hours in advance of their arrival through Al udaydah
11.60 (11.185) to the agents.
1 A alf (Saleef) (15°18′N, 42°40′E) is situated on the E For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
side of Ma
q Kamarn (11.14), W of Jabal al Masinah Signals, Volume 6 (3).
(11.72).
Pilotage
Function 11.70
11.61 1 Pilots are available during the hours of daylight only;
1 The port exports bulk salt and imports grain and some pilots board in the anchorage (11.78).
general cargo. The pilot boat, some years ago, was reported to be about
30 m in length with a black hull and buff superstructure.
Topography
11.62 Tugs
1 Ra’s a alf (15°19′N, 42°40′E) forms the WSW end of 11.71
A alf Deep Water Berth (11.76); Ra’s a alf Light 1 A tug is available but it not used for berthing; the pilot
(white round tower, 6 m high) is exhibited from close ESE boat is used for handling mooring lines.
of the point.
Harbour
Description
11.63 Landmarks
1 The port of A alf is a natural, deep-water and open 11.72
port approached through Ma
q Kamarn (11.14) and 1 A alf Blockhouse (15°17′⋅9N, 42°40′⋅8E), 8 m high,
sheltered by Kamarn Island (11.12). stands at an elevation of 44 m on the SE slope of
2 The town of A alf is not usually identified until within Jabal al Masinah.
the S entrance to Ma
q Kamarn when it may be identified 2 A conspicuous monument consisting of an obelisk,
by its hospital, a conspicuous white single storey building about 15 m high, stands WSW of the blockhouse
which stands about 1400 m NNW of the charted monument near the coast. In 1986 it was reported that the
standing near the shore S of the town. A school, which monument was in ruins, but the remains, being of a
consists of a low brown building in a walled yard, stands a lighter coloured rock than that of the surrounding
farther 400 m NNW and is also conspicuous. area, could be seen at a distance of about 4 miles.
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3 Jabal al Masinah (15°18′N, 42°41′E) stands about RA’S ‘SÁ MARINE TERMINAL
1 mile SSE of Ra’s a alf (11.62), ESE of the
main town; the hill has two summits of over 30 m General information
elevation which are prominent on a clear day. Chart 143, 542, 548
Position
11.81
Berths
1 Ra’s ‘sá Marine Terminal (15°07′N, 42°36′E) is situated
on the E side of the S part of the Red Sea between Kamarn
Offshore Wharf
Island (11.12) and Al udaydah (11.185) about 3miles
11.73
SSE of Rashshah (11.13).
1 An offshore berth about 93 m in length and orientated in
a NNW/SSE direction, lies off a quay situated about 8 cables Description
S of Ra’s a alf (11.62) and to which it is connected by a 11.82
10 m wide trestle bridge; there is a depth alongside the 1 The terminal consists of the FSO Safer, 400 000 dwt,
wharf of about 18 m. which is permanently moored to a fixed turret mooring buoy
Two dolphins are situated off the NNW end of the berth at the SSW end of a submarine oil pipeline which extends
on the same alignment; pairs of mooring buoys are laid from the shore. F1 SBM is moored 1 miles NNE of the
NNW and SSE of the wharf on a similar alignment. FSO.
2 Vessels up to 50 000 dwt can be berthed on the outer face
of the berth; vessels of less than 3000 dwt may berth on the Local topography
inner face. 11.83
It has been reported that the best time for berthing at this 1 Between Ra’s al Bay
(15°15′N, 42°37′E) (11.17) and
facility is at about 1400 hours. Ra’s ‘sá (5miles SE) (11.107) the SE extremity of the
11.74 peninsula which forms the SW side of Ghubb Diknaw
1 Local knowledge. Vessels should approach the berth head (11.56), the coast is low and fringed by a reef. Some breaks
to wind, letting go the offshore anchor before berthing. in this coastal reef form boat harbours where villages may be
found.
11.84
Ro-Ro Terminal
1 Landmark:
11.75
A conspicuous white building (15°12′⋅4N, 42°37′⋅1E)
1 A Ro-Ro Terminal is situated near the root of the main
stands near the coast about 3 miles S of Ra’s al
quay which leads to the offshore berth.
Bay
(11.17).
Deep Water Berth Function
11.76 11.85
1 A Deep Water Berth extends about 450 m ENE of Ra’s a 1 The terminal is an export loading facility for crude oil
alf (15°19′N, 42°40′E); in 1996 the berth was reported to cargoes.
be dredged to 13 m.
A breakwater lies close S of the W corner of the Deep
Approach and entry
11.86
Water Berth which encloses a service berth.
1 The terminal may be approached from the S passing E of
Penguin Shoal (4.17) and W of South East Patches (11.13).
Cement Berth The terminal may also be approached from the N passing
11.77 NE of Jaz’ir az Zubayr (4.29) and SW of Clematis Shoal
1 A Cement Berth which consists of a small open basin, (11.12).
lies close E of the grain berth; six silos stand close SE of the 2 Caution. see 11.9.
berth in the vicinity of a cement works.
A pier extends about 100 m N from the E end of the W Traffic
part of the cement berth; two mooring buoys are laid N of 11.87
the berth. 1 In 2001 the terminal was used by 17 vessels.
It is reported that a vessel of about 30 000 dwt has used
the facility.
Terminal Authority
11.88
1 Yemen Hunt Oil Co., P.O. Box 481, Sana‘a, Yemen.
Anchorage
11.78 Limiting conditions
1 Vessels may anchor as convenient off the offshore wharf.
Controlling depth
11.89
Port services 1 Depths in excess of 30 m lie in the immediate approaches
to the terminal; a least depth of 31 m lies about 10 miles S
Facilities of Rashshah (15°10′N, 42°34′E) (11.13).
11.79
Deepest berth
1 Doctor; hospital in Al udaydah (11.185); no repair
11.90
facilities available.
1 In the vicinity of the berth there is a least depth of 33 m
situated about 4 cables NE of the FSO vessel.
Supplies
11.80 Tidal levels
1 Fresh water available but expensive; provisions available 11.91
but difficult to obtain; fuel is not available. 1 See information in Admiralty Tide Tables, Volume 3.
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CHAPTER 11
Maximum size of vessels handled Vessels are not permitted to enter the Ra’s ‘sá Marine
11.92 Terminal Holding Anchorage without prior approval from
1 Vessels of up to 307 000 dwt can be accepted alongside the terminal authorities.
the FSO; a maximum dwt of 285 000 dwt can be accepted if
Pilotage
vessels are moored in tandem, that is with the loading tanker
11.99
lying astern of the Safer.
1 Pilotage is compulsory and is arranged through Al
The maximum permitted LOA at the berth is 350⋅6 m,
udaydah Port Control (11.202).
with a maximum beam of 56⋅4 m and a maximum freeboard
The pilot usually boards in the holding anchorage (11.98)
of 18⋅3 m.
about 3miles SW of the terminal.
The minimum size of vessel accepted at the facility is
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
80 000 dwt.
Signals, Volume 6 (3).
Submarine pipeline Tugs
11.93 11.100
1 A submarine oil pipeline extends NNE from the berth to 1 Tugs are available.
land ashore about 2 miles W of Ra’s ‘sá (11.107).
A light-buoy (SPM type) is moored over a small Restricted area
alteration of the lay of the submarine pipeline which lies just 11.101
within the NNE part of the restricted area. 1 A circular restricted area, as shown on the chart, with a
See 1.21. radius of 2 miles, has been established centred on the FSO.
Only those vessels loading at the facility and with a pilot
Local weather embarked may enter the restricted area.
11.94
1 Winds. In the summer months, between May and
Berth
September, the prevailing winds are between NE and NW General description
with wind speeds of mainly less than 10 kn, only rarely 11.102
reaching 20 kn. 1 Ra’s ‘sá Marine Terminal Berth is situated about 26 miles
2 During the winter months the prevailing winds are mainly NW of the Port of Al udaydah (11.185) and consists of
between SE and SW with wind speeds of between 10 and Safer, a floating, storage and offloading vessel (FSO)
25 kn, but they can be strong, reaching speeds of between (11.82).
30 and 35 kn, occasionally reaching 40 kn. Calm weather in The berth is somewhat protected to the N by Rashshah
winter with wind speeds of 1 to 6 kn rarely lasts for 2 or (11.13) and Kamarn Island (11.12) and to the E by the
3 days. mainland; it is open to the S and W.
3 Sea. Waves are generally between 2⋅4 and 3⋅6 m, 11.103
sometimes reaching 4⋅5 m. 1 Alongside berthing. The normal berthing procedure is
with the loading tanker to moor with its port side alongside
the starboard side of Safer on which side the Safer is fitted
Arrival information
with large pneumatic fenders.
Port operations 11.104
11.95 1 Tandem berthing. The tandem mooring arrangement,
1 The facility operates 24 hours a day. with the loading tanker lying astern of the Safer, will be
Arrival draught and trim. Tankers should arrive utilized if it is deemed necessary because of the weather and
trimmed no more than 3 m by the stern, with the propeller sea conditions, or the requirements of the loading vessel.
fully immersed.
Port services
Port radio Facilities
11.96 11.105
1 Both the Port of Al udaydah Port Control (11.202) and 1 Urgent medical assistance can be arranged; repair facilities
Safer/Ra’s ‘sá Marine should be contacted on VHF when not available; no facilities for the reception of dirty ballast.
within range for anchoring and pilot boarding instructions.
Supplies
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
11.106
Signals, Volume 6 (3).
1 Neither fresh water nor fuel are available.
Notice of ETA
11.97 KHALJ ‘SÁ
1 Vessels should send an ETA on departure from previous
port, or if at sea, as soon as orders are received to proceed to
General information
the terminal; and 72 hours, 48 hours and 24 hours in advance Chart 542 MaÊØq Kamarºn to Al udaydah
through Al udaydah (11.185). Description
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio 11.107
Signals, Volume 6 (3). 1 Khalj ‘sá (15°06′N, 42°47′E) is a bay which is entered
between Ra’s ‘sá (15°11′N, 42°40′E) and Ra’s Marsá
Anchorage (17 miles SE).
11.98 The bay lies E of Ra’s ‘sá Marine Terminal (11.81); the
1 The Ra’s ‘sá Marine Terminal Holding Anchorage is Port of udaydah (11.185) is approached passing S of the
centred on the geographical position 15°04′N, 42°34′E, entrance to the bay and WSW of Ra’s Marsá (15°00′N,
about 3miles SSW of the FSO as shown on the chart. 42°53′E).
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2 The coast of the bay is low and sandy, and is backed by Anchorage
sandhills. 11.114
The coast S of Ra’s Marsá is also low, sandy and backed 1 Anchorage, sheltered from S winds, may be obtained off
by sandhills though with a certain amount of vegetation. the N end of Shi’b (11.111) in depths from 5⋅8 to 11⋅0 m.
A dangerous wreck lies about 2 miles W of Ra’s Marsá. 11.115
1 Khawr Ghulayfiqah itself affords extensive and sheltered
Landmark anchorage, in depths from 5⋅5 to 7⋅3 m, but the inlet is
11.108 thought to be gradually silting up.
1 A disused lighthouse (black and white framework Local knowledge is required for the use of the
tower, 23 m high) (15°00′⋅2N, 52°53′⋅1E) stands on anchorages within Khawr Ghulayfiqah.
Ra’s Marsá (11.107).
Jaz rat al Muj milah
Caution 11.116
11.109 1 Description. Jazrat al Mujmilah (14°37′N, 42°55′E) is
1 Owing to the frequent discolouration of the water due to an island situated in the NW approach to Khawr
the large amount of sand in suspension the usual indications Ghulayfiqah (11.111); Ra’s Mujmilah is a low point which
of shoal water may be misleading and no reliance should be forms the NNW extremity of the island and is only visible
placed on seeing any shoals in this locality. from close-to.
Current. In the vicinity of Ras Mujmilah little or no
Anchorage current was experienced during the months of October,
11.110 November and December although S winds were blowing
1 An anchorage which is well sheltered from both N and W almost constantly.
winds, may be obtained within the bay, as shown on the 11.117
chart, in a position about 1miles E of a remarkable 1 Anchorage may be obtained within the bay E of Ra’s
three-domed mosque situated close N of Qaryat ‘sá Mujmilah in a good holding ground sheltered from S winds
(15°11′N, 42°40′E), in depths from about 15 to 17 m, sand. in depths of about 5 m, sand and mud.
Caution. A number of detached shoal patches, with a An anchorage, sheltered from N and NW winds, may also
least depth over them of 6⋅7 m, lie in the S approach to this be obtained S of the spit which forms the SE side of this
anchorage. bay, sand and shell.
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CHAPTER 11
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CHAPTER 11
Depths Description
11.135 11.144
1 See 10.16. 1 Mars Baqlah acts as the port of Md a prominent
village situated on the summit of a hill which stands about
Charts 157, 548 2 miles SSE of the inlet. The village consists of mainly
Caution small buildings, but a square tower stands near its centre.
11.136 A remarkable white fort stands on another hill about
1 Mariners are advised to proceed with particular caution 1300 m NNW of the village.
when navigating N of a line joining the S end of the The coast between Bushy Point and Oreste Point
Farasn Bank (15°37′N, 42°15′E), the N point of Tiqfsh (1miles NNW) is backed by a ridge of white sandhills
(15°45′N, 42°23′E), and then E approximately along the which rise to a height of about 6 m.
parallel of 15°45′N to the mainland. 11.145
This area is inadequately surveyed and uncharted shoals 1 Caution. A drying mud bank, which extends about
may exist. 5 cables S of Bushy Point, was reported to have several
11.137 shallow rocky patches on its W side and S of the mud bank
1 The passage between Labwn (15°52′N, 42°17′E) (11.11) there was less water than charted.
and Kutmah (10 miles S) (11.11) is known to be Note dangerous rocks lie in this vicinity.
encumbered with dangers; its use is not recommended.
See also 10.20. Al Luayyah
Chart 548
Position
INNER CHANNEL 11.146
Chart 157 1 Al Luayyah (15°42′N, 42°41′E) stands close to the coast
General information on the W side of a ridge of hills which lie on the N side of
11.138 a shallow bay, bordered by mangroves, near the S end of the
1 See 10.21 to 10.28 for general remarks regarding the S part of the Inner Channel Route (11.140).
Inner Channel. The town consists of some stone houses and a large
mosque with a white minaret.
Natural conditions Description
11.139 11.147
1 See 10.25. 1 The NW side of the shallow bay is formed by a narrow
spit of mangroves with a sandy summit, 8 m high, rising at
Inner Channel Route — southern part its S end and known as Spit Summit.
A coral reef extends about 2miles SW from the vicinity
Route of Spit Summit; a black rock, 1⋅2 m high, stands on this reef
11.140 about 7 cables SW of the summit. In 1938 this black rock
1 The route through the S part of the Inner Channel leads was not identified.
initially S then WSW for about 83 miles from a position The E side of the bay is formed by low mangrove
about 4 miles W Oreste Point (16°23′N, 42°46′E) (10.234), swamps which are fringed by a coral reef and backed by a
to a position W of ‘Uqbn (15°30′N, 42°23′E) (11.11). barren desert.
11.148
Topography 1 Jahar (15°37′N, 42°43′E) (not charted) is a village
11.141
standing near the coast about 6 miles SSE of Al Luayyah;
1 See 11.2.
the low, sandy plain in the vicinity of the village probably
Between Oreste Point (16°23′N, 42°46′E) (10.234) and Al becomes a swamp during the winter.
Luayyah (41 miles S) (11.146) the S part of the Inner
Channel Route lies between the E edge of the Farasn Bank Topography
and the mainland. 11.149
From Al Luayyah the track then continues generally 1 Inland from Al Luayyah there are some high mountains
WSW through the islands and shoals which lie at the S end but they are seldom visible from seaward.
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CHAPTER 11
Approach Anchorage
11.151 11.156
1 Route. From a position about 7 miles WSW of ‘Uqbn 1 During the summer, when the prevalent winds are from
(15°30′N, 42°23′E) (11.11) the track mainly follows the the W and NW, good anchorage may be obtained, as shown
S-most section of the S part of the Inner Channel Route on the chart, with the hill fort situated on the E side of Al
(11.140), for about 28 miles generally ENE, to the anchorage Luayyah (11.150) bearing 038°, distant 4miles, in a
N of the E extremity of Al Murk (11.23). depth of about 12⋅5 m, sand and shell.
11.152 2 Small vessels may obtain anchorage within the entrance to
1 Directions. The line of bearing 075° of the conspicuous the bay, about 3miles SSW of the hill fort (11.150), in
summit at the N end of ‘Uqbn (15°30′N, 42°23′E), leads depths of about 2⋅5 m. Note the detached coral reef (11.155)
from the initial position, passing S of the S end of the which lies in the middle of the entrance channel in this
Farasn Bank, towards ‘Uqbn. vicinity.
The track then leads NNE, passing (with positions given
from North Point, the N extremity of ‘Uqbn (15°30′N, Supplies
42°23′E)): 11.157
WNW of North Point (11.11), and: 1 Small quantities of fresh provisions are available.
2 ESE of the E edge of the S end of the Farasn Bank
(4 miles WNW). The conspicuous summit of
Tiqfsh (11.183) bearing 022°, leads through this Anchorages at the southern end
initial reach of the approach. Thence: of the Faras n Bank
SE of Kutmah (10 miles NNW) (11.11), thence:
Chart 15
NW of Passmore Shoal (4 miles NE) (11.29), thence:
11.158
SSE of Six Foot Rocks (8miles N) (11.184).
1 A good anchorage may be obtained, in a depth of about
Thence:
7 m, with the conspicuous tower NW of Bushy Point
11.153
(16°22′N, 42°47′E) (11.143) bearing 050°, distant 1 mile.
1 Passing:
Caution. See 11.145.
NNW of Merlin Shoal (7miles NE) (11.27) and SSE
11.159
of Tiqfsh (11.183). When the conspicuous summit
1 Small vessels may obtain a sheltered anchorage N of a
situated in the SW corner of Tiqfsh is on a NNW
sandspit, covered only at high water in winter, which extends
bearing then Al Luayyah Hill Fort (ruins) (11.150)
2 cables E from Tawq (16°20′N, 42°41′E) (11.167).
should be seen bearing about 078°, midway
Local knowledge is required for the use of this
between Bawrid (11.182) and Al Murk (11.23).
anchorage.
The fort may then be steered for on this bearing.
Thence: Chart 157
2 NNW of Deeny Patches (7miles NE) (11.28), 11.160
thence: 1 There is reported to be good anchorage NE of Ghurb
SSE of Bawrid (15 miles NE) and NNW of Al Murk. Islet (16°10′N, 42°40′E) (11.168) with the NE extremity of
When N of Al Murk steer ESE for the anchorage the islet bearing 240°, distant 1 mile.
situated NNE of the E end of the island (11.156). Caution. The approach to this anchorage requires great
11.154 care.
1 Navigational information. During periods of poor 11.161
visibility the only marks which are likely to be useful in the 1 Small vessels may obtain anchorage N of ahr al
approach to Al Luayyah are the N extremity of ‘Uqbn Fawqnyah (16°08′N, 42°42′E) (11.169) noting the
(11.11), Six Foot Rocks (11.184) and the charted palm tree dangerous reef which lies between ahr al Fawqnyah and
(11.24) on Al Murk Island. Ab Shajarsh Islet (1miles W) (11.169).
2 Tiqfsh (11.183), Bawrid (11.182) and Al Murk (11.23) Local knowledge is required for the use of this
would probably not be visible beyond a distance of 2 miles anchorage.
and the two former have no prominent features. 11.162
Kadamn (11.25) and aabn (11.26) would probably 1 Anchorage may be obtained near Habl (16°08′N,
not be identifiable when conditions of visibility are poor. 42°49′E) (11.168) in depths of about 8 m, mud, in a position
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CHAPTER 11
about 1miles off the coastal reef with the town bearing ‘Aww f
097°. 11.170
Approach. An approach to this anchorage may be made 1 Description. ‘Awwf (Uwaf Islet) (16°05′N, 42°42′E) is a
from a position about 5 miles offshore with the town bearing sandy cay fringed by a reef which lies at the N end of a foul
100°. Depths along this track decrease gradually. bank on which there are numerous dangerous rocks; Buay
11.163 stands on the S end of this bank.
1 Good anchorage may be obtained by small vessels about In 1967 the reef was reported to extend 1 mile NE of the
3 cables SW of Rakl (15°59′N, 42°38′E) (11.173) in a depth islet.
of about 31 m.
Local knowledge is required for the use of this Buays
anchorage. 11.171
1 Description. Buays (Buhais Islet) (16°01′N, 42°42′E) is
Chart 548 low and sandy.
11.164 Both ‘Awwf and Buay lie near the E edge of the
1 There is good anchorage for moderate sized vessels off Farasn Bank; numerous rocky heads and shoals lie in their
the SE side of a low, shifting sandspit at the NE end of vicinity and for up to 2 miles S of Buais.
umar (15°45′N, 42°37′E) (11.180). Buay Village (15°59′N, 42°50′E) stands near the coast
During strong S winds anchorage may also be obtained ESE of the islet; the coastal reef, on which there are
off the NW side of the island. dangerous rocks, extends up to 2miles offshore in this
11.165 vicinity.
1 Good anchorage may be obtained about 2cables off the
N coast of Tiqfsh (15°43′N, 42°26′E) (11.183), except in Zayha’
the vicinity of the dangerous bank which projects about 11.172
1 mile N from the middle part of this coast, in depths from 1 Description. Zayha’ (16°00′N, 42°35′E) is a moderate
about 22 to 26 m, mud and sand. sized, low and sandy islet situated about 8 miles W of
This anchorage is somewhat exposed to NW winds. Buais (11.171).
11.166 Dayy (Zajj Islet) is a similar small, low and sandy islet
1 Moderate sized vessels may obtain good anchorage, as which lies about 1miles NE.
shown on the chart, with the N summit of ‘Uqbn (15°30′N, Depths in the vicinity of both of these two islets are
42°23′E) (11.11) bearing 240°, distant 4 cables, in depths irregular.
from 14 to 27 m. This anchorage is well sheltered from the
prevailing winds but the bottom is coral and the depths are Chart 143
very irregular. Rakl
Local knowledge. Small vessels with local knowledge 11.173
may obtain anchorage, somewhat exposed to S winds, inside 1 Description. Rakl (An Nal) (15°59′N, 42°38′E) (not
the islets off the island in depths of about 5 m, sand, but charted by name) is a low sand cay; a tomb stands on the
depths are irregular. NE end of the islet.
Jurayb
Islands, cays, sandbanks and shoals at the 11.174
southern end of the Faras n Bank 1 Jurayb (Jurab) (not charted by name) is the small sand
cay surrounded by reefs, which lies on the E side of bank,
Chart 15 about 1 mile S of Rakl.
Tawq Stone cairns were reported to stand on both Rakl and
11.167 Jurayb Islets, but in 1978 neither of these cairns were
1 Description. Tawq (16°20′N, 42°41′E) is about 9 m high sighted.
and composed of coral; the coasts of the island consist of
Zurb t
overhanging cliffs, about 3 m high, fringed by a reef.
11.175
1 Description. Zurbt (15°55′N, 42°36′E) is bordered on its
Chart 157 W side by mangroves; a shallow bank, with a least depth
Ghur b Islet over it of 3 m, extends about 3 miles NNW from the N end
11.168 of the island.
1 Description. Ghurb Islet (16°10′N, 42°40′E) is a low, Further shallow banks extend N as far as Zaya’ (11.172)
uninhabited islet standing W of the small town of Habl (5 miles N); it is considered inadvisable to pass either N or
(16°08′N, 42°49′E) (not charted by name) which stands on a W of Zurbt.
slight elevation on the mainland; a prominent white house is
situated within the town. Chart 548
Ad Dah ‘ir
ahr al Fawq n yah 11.176
11.169 1 Description. Ad Dah‘ir (15°53′N, 42°41′E) consists of
1 Description. ahr al Fawqnyah (Hoot Islet) (16°08′N, four small sand cays, two of which lie close together. These
42°42′E) is a small sand cay which stands near the E edge cays are each fringed by a reef and are sometimes below
of a dangerous shoal area on which lie numerous dangerous water.
rocks. Funnel Islet, the E-most cay of the group, is the largest
Ab Shajarsh Islet (2 miles W) is a sandy and awash islet; and highest; a beacon stands on its NW part. The cays are
Abu Shadd Islet, which is covered with bushes, lies a farther surrounded by foul ground which extends SE to the coastal
2 miles WNW. reef fronting the mainland shore.
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Tal w n Tiqf sh
11.183
11.179
1 Description. Tiqfsh (15°43′N, 42°26′E) is the largest
1 Description. Talwn (15°46′N, 42°27′E) is a small sandy
island in this vicinity. The island, which is uninhabited, is
island situated on a coral reef, which is usually visible, about
flat and covered with bushes and coarse grass except in its
2miles N of the middle part of Tiqfsh (11.183).
SW end where there is a hill formed of coral rock, 35 m
high.
umar Foul ground extends about 2 miles NNW of the NW
11.180 corner of the island; this foul ground should be given a wide
1 Description. umar (15°45′N, 42°37′E) is a sandy island berth as it is not easily distinguished.
with bushes growing near its centre; its SW end rises to 6 m Quur lies on a coral reef close NE of the NE corner of
and is cliffy. Note the shoal, with a least depth over it of Tiqfsh.
9⋅5 m, which lies about 5 cables W of the NE end of the
island.
The island is fringed by a reef, which extends 4 cables Six Foot Rocks
SW. Its extremity is often difficult to distinguish. 11.184
Note the shoal bank, with a least depth over it of 2⋅5 m, 1 Description. Six Foot Rocks (15°40′N, 42°23′E) are a
which extends over 1 mile SSW of umar. group of above and below-water rocks which lie about
11.181 1miles S of the SW corner of Tiqfsh (11.183). These
1 Caution. A strong E set has been reported in the passage rocks are black and remarkable; they may resemble the hull
between umar and Bryony Shoal (1miles ENE) (11.178). of a ship against the grey background of the island.
PORT OF UDAYDAH
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Harbour 11.216
Chart 542 Port of udaydah 1 Between No 1 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (3miles
NNW) and No 2 Light-buoy (port hand) (close
General layout
NNE), a depth of 6⋅3 m lies on the N edge of the
11.211
channel, about 1cables ESE of No 2 Light-buoy.
1 The Port of udaydah, which lies at the S end of Khawr
Thence:
Katb, consists of a basin with an area of about 18 hectares.
2 Between No 3 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (3miles
A concrete quay forms the NE and SE sides of the
NNW) and No 4 Light-buoy (port hand) (close
harbour basin; a large warehouse and a number of other
NNE) thence:
buildings stand on this quay.
NE of No 5 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (3 miles
A dolphin oil berth is situated on the NW side of the
NNW), thence:
harbour basin.
11.217
11.212
1 Leading beacons:
1 Two mooring buoys are laid at the end of a submarine
Front beacon (black framework tower, 15 m high)
pipeline (11.209) which extends about 1miles SW from
(14°49′⋅8N, 42°57′⋅2E).
the shore in the vicinity of a power station (11.213) situated
Rear beacon (black framework tower, 30 m high)
SE of Ra’s Marsá (11.107).
(2600 m SSE).
Principal marks The alignment (149°) of these leading beacons leads
11.213 through the second reach of the entrance channel, passing
1 Landmarks: (with positions given from Ra’s al Katb (14°55′⋅0N,
Grain silos (65 m high) (14°50′⋅1N, 42°56′⋅3E) which 42°53′⋅6E)):
stand within the port, close SE of No 5 Berth are Caution. During the summer months these beacons may
conspicuous. be obscured by haze.
2 A power station (14°59′⋅3N, 42°54′⋅7E) situated near 11.218
the coast, about 1miles SE of Ra’s Marsá 1 Between No 7 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (2miles
(11.107) is conspicuous, along with its associated NNW) and No 8 Light-buoy, (port hand) (close
buildings and chimneys. Two piers, which extend NE). Thence:
about 2cables SW from the coast in the vicinity 2 ENE of a detached shoal (2 miles NNW) (reported
of the station contain the stations cooling water 1968), with a least depth over it of 4⋅5 m, which
intakes; the power station is also radar conspicuous. lies close S of a shoal spur which extends about
3 The radar installation (14°49′⋅6N, 42°55′⋅1E) which 1cables E from the coastal bank, thence:
stands on the S part of the peninsula between the ENE of No 9 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (1miles
main port and the coast together with some trees in NNW), thence:
close proximity, is fairly conspicuous on what is 3 ENE of No 11 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (1miles
otherwise very flat surrounding land. NNW), the pilot boarding position (11.206) lies
close NE of this buoy at the S end of the arrival
Directions for entering harbour anchorage (11.204). Thence:
Charts 143, 542 Approaches to Port of udaydah 4 WSW of Ra’s ash Shamm disused lighthouse
Approach (2miles NE) which stands on Ra’s ash Shamm, a
low point; a spur of the coastal reef extends about
11.214
1 From a position about 13 miles SE of Penguin Shoal 7 cables WSW of the point. The disused lighthouse
(14°57′N, 42°21′E) (4.17) the track leads about 23 miles (black and white framework tower, 15 m high) is
reported to be hard to identify. In 1984 a
ENE to the vicinity of the Fairway Light-buoy (safe water),
passing: conspicuous stranded wreck, lying about 7 cables
SSE of South East Patches (15°01′N, 42°39′E) (11.13), WSW of the point, was reported to have the
appearance of a vessel at anchor; another stranded
thence:
NNW of Lily Shoal (15°51′N, 42°45′E) (11.13), wreck lies 4 cables farther N, thence:
thence: 5 ENE of Ra’s al Katb, a low and sandy point which
forms the NE extremity of a peninsula, liable to
SSE of a detached shoal patch (14°57′N, 42°42′E)
with a least depth over it of 15⋅8 m. Thence: inundation and which forms the SW and S sides of
2 NNW of the shoal (14°53′N, 42°46′E), with a least Khawr Katb (11.229). A black beacon stands about
1 mile W of the point, thence:
depth over it of 7⋅3 m, which lies close off the W
corner of the coastal bank, thence: 11.219
To the vicinity of the Fairway Light-buoy. 1 Passing:
Between No 13 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (6 cables
Entrance channel ESE) and No 14 Light-buoy (port hand) (close NE).
11.215 A dangerous shoal, with a least depth over it of
1 From a position in the vicinity of the Fairway Light-buoy 0⋅9 m, lies about 3 cables NE of No 14 Light-buoy;
(14°58′⋅3N, 42°50′⋅1E) (safe water) the track through the a further similar shoal (existence doubtful) lies a
entrance channel leads generally SE for about 10miles. farther 1cables ENE. Thence:
Leading line: NNE of a drying patch (8 cables SE) which dries
The line of bearing 106° of Ra’s ash Shamm disused 0⋅3 m, thence:
lighthouse (14°56′⋅7N, 42°55′⋅8E) leads through the 2 Between No 15 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (1miles
first reach of the entrance channel, passing (with SE) and No 16 Light-buoy (port hand) (close NE);
positions given from Ra’s al Katb (14°55′⋅0N, coral reefs lie close to both sides of the entrance
42°53′⋅6E)): channel in this vicinity. Hajara, a low sand cay
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have reed huts erected on their flat roofs. The old town (14°37′N, 42°55′E) (11.116), which lies about 10 miles S of
stands close to the coast and is surrounded on its landward the town, and the shoals which bordering it, breaks the force
side by a wall; the Government Offices and the Court are of the sea.
housed in a prominent whitewashed building, with a cupola, 2 With proper precautions a vessel may ride out a S gale in
situated near the coast within the town. the roadstead.
3 In the immediate vicinity of the town lie extensive palm
groves and gardens but beyond that most of the surrounding Local weather
countryside is sterile. 11.237
1 NE winds prevail between April and September; strong
Topography SW winds may be expected during the remainder of the
11.233 year.
1 The coast in the vicinity of Al udaydah is mostly low 2 In August and September violent squalls, which blow off
and sandy but is backed by a ridge of low hills. the land and veer quickly S, are frequently experienced and
usually occur during the evenings. These squalls are reported
Principal marks to occur occasionally from May to September.
11.234 3 A number of years ago, during the period from May to
1 Landmarks: September, it was reported that light NE winds prevailed,
A fort (14°47′N, 42°57′E), which is now in ruins, accompanied by occasional violent squalls, and also by
stands on the coast near the S end of the town and sandstorms blowing off the land which are most frequently
shows up well from seaward. experienced between August and September. Between
A tomb, which stands about 7 cables S of the fort is October and April in that same year strong SW winds were
reported to be a good landmark in the afternoon experienced in the anchorage causing a heavy swell making
and evening, appearing almost white. boat work difficult and dangerous.
Approach
Fishing harbour 11.238
1 If approaching Al udaydah Roadstead a wide berth
Description should be given to all off-lying shoals which includes Ziesel
11.235 Reef (14°47′N, 42°55′E), a drying reef, which lies on a spit
1 Al udaydah Fishing Harbour which fronts the S end of which extends SSW from Kitf al Manhalah (11.235).
the town of Al udaydah (11.232) lies about 2miles SE Under normal weather conditions no difficulty should be
of Kitf al Manhalah (14°49′N, 42°55′E) a small headland experienced in identifying both the town and the roadstead.
which extends SW from a narrow neck of land, close SW of
the extreme S part of Khawr Katb (11.229). Anchorage
The harbour, which is formed by two breakwaters, is 11.239
entered from the N. A fish quay and a boatyard are situated 1 Anchorage may be obtained, as shown on the chart, about
on the SE side of the harbour. 2miles WSW of the entrance to Al udaydah Fishing
2 Al udaydah Fishing Harbour Breakwater Head Light Harbour (11.235) in depths of about 7 m, coarse black sand
(15°46′⋅9N, 42°56′⋅8E) is exhibited from the W-most and shell.
breakwater head. A recommended anchorage berth lies in a position with
A quay extends about 1cables W from the coast, in the Al udaydah Fishing Harbour Breakwater Head Light
vicinity of the fort (11.234), about 1cables N of the (11.235) bearing 074°, distant 2 miles, in a depth of about
fishing harbour. 6 m.
2 During periods of fine weather small vessels may proceed
closer inshore and anchor in a convenient depth.
Al udaydah Roadstead
Port services
Charts 143, 542 MaÊØq Kamarºn to Al udaydah 11.240
Description 1 Facilities. Local craft are available for working cargo;
11.236 hospital.
1 Al udaydah Roadstead is the area of open anchorage 11.241
which lies about 2miles SW of the town of Al udaydah 1 Supplies. Fresh provisions can be obtained.
(11.232). The roadstead affords good protection from winds 11.242
from between NE and SE since Jazrat al Mujmilah 1 Communications. See 11.228.
AL MUKH
GENERAL INFORMATION Description
Charts 143, 452, 1955 Al Mukhº 11.244
Position 1 Al Mukh Bay is entered between a low unnamed point,
11.243 fringed by a drying reef, on which stands North Fort
1 The Port of Al Mukh (Mokha) (13°19′N, 43°14′E) is (13°19′⋅8N, 43°14′⋅1E) (11.270); and the head of Al Mukh
situated on the E side of the S end of the Red Sea, about Breakwater (1 mile SSW) which fronts the town of Al
40 miles N of the Straits of Bab el Mandeb (4.71). Mukh
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CHAPTER 11
In view of the tidal streams experienced in this vicinity, Fuel tanks (13°18′⋅3N, 43°13′⋅9E), set in two groups,
which can attain rates of between 1 kn and 2 kn, vessels are are situated about 800 m S of the main jetty.
recommended to moor to two anchors.
Berths
Tidal stream 11.274
11.269 1 Main Jetty. The main jetty is situated in the S part of the
1 During the period of spring tides there is often only one harbour turning area; the jetty is 150 m in length, 45 m wide
high water and one low water every 24 hours; during neaps and has depths alongside each side of 8⋅5 m.
there are two tides every 24 hours but times are irregular. The berths can handle vessels up to 15 000 dwt with a
The tidal streams set N with the in-going tide, and S with maximum length of 175 m.
the out-going, at rates of between 1 and 2 kn. The duration Ro-Ro vessels can be accepted at the head of the jetty.
of the streams is very much affected by winds. 11.275
During periods of strong winds and close inshore, the 1 Tanker Berth. Tankers of up to 12 000 dwt may be
out-going S stream often runs for 16 hours at one time; with handled by facilities situated on the E side of the breakwater
the in-going N stream running for between 6 hours and which included moorings of buoyed anchors laid E of the
8 hours only. breakwater allowing for the handling of cargoes through a
pipeline laid along the breakwater.
11.276
Principal marks 1 Coastal Berth. Coastal vessels may berth alongside the E
11.270 side of the breakwater which has alongside dredged depths
1 Landmarks: of 3⋅5 m.
A large power station building (13°21′⋅4N, 43°15′⋅1E)
(position approximate) with four tall chimneys (red
obstruction lights); conspicuous power cables extend Port services
E from the power station. Both the power station
and the power cables are radar conspicuous. Facilities
2 North Fort (13°19′⋅8N, 43°14′⋅1E), which is in ruins 11.277
but conspicuous, stands on a drying reef which 1 Large lighter available for vessels working cargo in the
extends W from an unnamed point that forms the anchorage; 18 tonnes mobile crane on the main jetty.
NNE entrance point to Al Mukh Bay.
A minaret (13°19′⋅3N, 43°14′⋅8E), 36 m high, situated
in the N part of the main town is conspicuous. Supplies
3 Four floodlit towers (13°18′⋅7N, 43°13′⋅9E), 30 m 11.278
high, stand on the main jetty. Their lights are 1 Neither fuel oil nor fresh water are available; stores
reported to be visible for up to 20 miles at night. unobtainable.
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Communications Anchorage
11.279 11.281
1 The nearest airport is at Ta‘izz situated about 97 km ENE. 1 Small vessels may obtain anchorage, in depths of about
4 m with good holding and shelter from the SE, off the N
side of the promontory of Dhubb in an opening in the reef
which lies between 5 and 7 cables N of Dhubb.
A hook reef, which extends N from the tip of the
promontory, forms the W side of this anchorage; the
DHUB B
anchorage should be approached with care especially from
the S.
Charts 452, 1925 Landing
Description 11.282
11.280 1 Landing can be effected in boats through the opening in
1 Dhubb (12°57′N, 43°24′E) is a village which stands on the reef N of Dhubb; there is also a landing place close S
a small rocky projection about 15 miles N of Ra’s Shaykh of the village.
Sa’d (12°42′N, 43°27′E) (4.92).
A conspicuous white fort stands on a white sandhill, 20 m Off-lying danger
high, which is situated on the inner part of the N side of this 11.283
projection. 1 Chiltern Shoal (12°53′N, 43°25′E) lies about 3miles S
Another conspicuous fort stands on Zi Hill (4.74). of Dhubb.
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16° 16°
Ra’s Fartak
15° 15°
YEMEN
3784
12.158 6 Ash S5ihr Terminal
Al Mukallº 12.205
2970
3784
1 51
12.
326
3784
452
3 66
2L 36
ittle 60
Ad
13° en 13°
In
O
n
9
12.14
er .
il H
Hr
r
.
Aden
Mayyøn I. 7 12.26
452
1 2. 1 7
‘Abd al KørØ
12° 12°
3661
Raas Caseyr
44° 45° 46° 47° Longitude 48° East from Greenwich 50° 51° 52°
0205
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CHAPTER 12
ARABIA — SOUTH COAST — STRAITS OF BAB EL MANDEB TO RA’S FARTAK
GENERAL INFORMATION
Charts 6, 3784 Anchorages
Scope of the chapter 12.4
12.1 1 Temporary anchorage may be obtained under the lee of
1 The area described in this chapter, which lies mainly most of the prominent capes along this stretch of coast.
within the Gulf of Aden, covers the S coast of Yemen from
Warner Point (12°40′N, 43°30′E) (4.92) to Ra’s Fartak
(545 miles ENE) (12.152). Flow
2 This chapter also includes a description of the Port of 12.5
Aden (12°47′N, 44°57′E) (12.26) and of the oil terminals at 1 The currents throughout this area are monsoonal in
Rudum (13°59′N, 47°55′E) (12.153) in Ghubbat al ‘Ayn character.
(12.240), and at Ash Sihr (14°41′N, 49°31′E) (12.205) and Between the months of June and September, the flow is
also of the small port of Al Mukall (14°31′N, 49°09′E) ENE throughout the Gulf of Aden, then, between October
(12.158). and April, the flow is reversed, May being a month of
The Straits of Bab el Mandeb, which lie at the W end of transition between the two flows.
the area described in this chapter, are described at 4.71. In October 1985, in the vicinity of 14°00′N, 51°00′E, it
was reported that a vessel on an ENE heading experienced a
Topography strong NNE set of about 2kn.
12.2 12.6
1 The S coast of Arabia is principally a wide sterile plain 1 Rates are generally less than 1 kn, though 3 kn may be
backed along most of its length by high sterile mountains encountered in the Straits of Bab el Mandeb (4.71); local
which approach the coast in places. variations exist throughout the area.
Off-lying dangers
12.3 Submarine cables
1 Except for the dangers which lie off the coast between the 12.7
Straits of Bab el Mandeb (12°40′N, 43°20′E) (4.71) and 1 Submarine cables are laid between the Straits of Bab el
Aden (90 miles E) (12.26) there are few other off-lying Mandeb (4.71) and Djibouti (14.86), and between Djibouti
dangers along this stretch of coast. and Aden (12.26), as shown on the chart.
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CHAPTER 12
ADEN
GENERAL INFORMATION Topography
Charts 7, 3661 12.28
Position 1 Aden Outer Harbour (12.67) (Bandar at Tawh) is
12.26 entered between the twin volcanic peninsulas of Aden and
Little Aden which are linked by a strip of sandy coastline.
1 Aden (12°47′N, 44°57′E) is situated on the N side of the
Gulf of Aden on the S coast of the Republic of Yemen, 12.29
about 90 miles E of the S end of the Straits of Bab el 1 Little Aden Peninsula extends about 5miles E from
Ra’s Fuqum (12°44′N, 44°49′E) to Little Aden Oil Harbour
Mandeb (4.71).
(12.86). The peninsula is a mountainous mass of granite,
Function somewhat similar in appearance to that of the Aden
12.27 Peninsula (12.30) which appears as an island from a
1 Aden is essentially a transhipment port and an important distance. A deep ravine winds from Bandar Fuqum (12.25)
fuelling station. through the centre of the peninsula for about 3miles; the E
The principal exports from Aden are coffee, hides, salt, part of the peninsula is low-lying, with the exception of its
gums, petroleum products, cotton, cotton seed and fish. extremity.
The principal imports are cotton and silk goods, grain, 12.30
livestock, metals, foodstuffs of all kinds, crude oil and 1 Aden Peninsula is high, rocky, and of volcanic formation
petroleum products. which appears as an island from a distance. The town of
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more. At about the time of the quarter moon there is 3 About two hours after the commencement of a sandstorm
frequently only one HW and one LW in any one 24 hour there is a calm, then, after a short interval the wind blows
period. from the S with great force for a further two hours or so.
2 During the period of both of the monsoons the in-going The sand then clears and the wind lessens.
stream sets strongly NE past Ra’s Marb Breakwater 12.52
(12°47′⋅4N, 44°58′⋅2E) (12.85) until it is checked by the 1 Sea temperature. Considerable and often sudden changes
drying sandbank, the rubble mound and the reclaimed area of sea surface temperature occur in this vicinity, particularly
which lie on the N side of the harbour. The stream is then W of Aden.
deflected E and NE past Aliya Island (12°48′⋅9N, 44°59′⋅7E) 12.53
and through to the upper reaches of the harbour. 1 Climatic table. See 1.275 and 1.287.
3 The out-going stream curves W by Jerama Beacon
(12°47′⋅8N, 44°59′⋅8E) (12.93) and then flows along the S
side of the harbour trending more to the S after passing Ra’s ARRIVAL INFORMATION
Marb. Charts 7, 3660
The estimated average maximum rate of the stream at Port operations
springs is 1kn but it depends on the strength and direction 12.54
of the monsoon. 1 There are facilities in the port for the handling of
An automatic tide gauge is situated on the head of Post break-bulk, container, Ro-Ro, bulk and oil cargoes.
Office Pier (12.111).
Port radio
12.55
Density of water 1 Aden Port Control Radio controls the operations of the
12.48 port.
1 Density 1⋅025 gms/cm3. For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
Signals, Volume 6 (3).
Local weather Notice of ETA
12.49
12.56
1 North East Monsoon (October to May). During the NE
1 Vessels should give notice of their ETA at least 24 hours
Monsoon the climate of Aden is cool and pleasant especially
in advance of their arrival, or immediately after the calling of
from November to January. During this time there is a weak
the vessel at Aden has become inevitable.
sea breeze lasting from about noon to about 1700 hours
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
when a land breeze sets in, sometimes suddenly with gusts
Signals, Volume 6 (3).
of between force 4 and 6 continuing until about midnight.
12.50 Anchorages
1 South West Monsoon (June to September). During the 12.57
SW Monsoon the climate is very hot, damp and oppressive; 1 A large anchorage area is available for vessels within the
hot, sandy winds prevail on the Aden Peninsula (12.30) but Outer Harbour of the Port of Aden in depths from about 6
on its W side the breezes are from seaward and are fairly to 20 m provided they do not anchor in the dredged entrance
cool. The sea breeze is from S or SE; a land breeze may set channels which lead to Little Aden Oil Harbour (12.86) or
in suddenly at about 1700 as it would during the period of Aden Inner Harbour (12.93).
the NE Monsoon. An anchorage for deep draught vessels (12°44′⋅5N,
2 A dry N wind occasionally blows in the Gulf of Aden 44°55′⋅8E) may be obtained W of the channel entrance and
during the SW Monsoon without any warning being given S of the Oil Harbour Approach Channel, as shown on the
either by the appearance of the weather or the behaviour of chart.
the barometer. This dry wind only blows violently about 2 Smaller vessels may anchor N of the Oil Harbour
three or four times a year; usually the monsoon wind fails Approach Channel and W of the Inner Harbour Approach
then the dry wind comes on suddenly with great violence Channel.
from between the NW and the NE raising clouds of sand, Caution. See caution regarding submarine cables at
with much lightning but no thunder; the barometer rises 12.65.
quickly about 4 millibars. The wind usually continues for 12.58
three or four hours and occasionally comes on again from 1 Prohibited area. Anchoring is prohibited within a circle
the E, the barometer rising and falling with the wind. of radius 5 cables centred on the outer entrance to the Outer
3 At times during August dense mists occur making the Harbour Entry Channel, as shown on the chart, and within
high land only visible for a distance of about 1 mile. 2 cables of any port approach channel.
Towards the end of the SW Monsoon squalls from the N
occur near Aden. These squalls carry no sand, are less Inner Harbour anchorages
violent and the barometer does not rise; the clouds are dark 12.59
coloured. 1 Yachts and craft of the Republic of Yemen awaiting
12.51 clearance, both inward and outward, should anchor in the
1 Sandstorms occur between May and August; they come Inner Harbour (12.93) in the area S of the outer end of the
at sunset from the N or NNW and at times blow very hard rubble mound, as shown on the chart.
until about 2200. The air is then so thick with sand and the 2 Anchorage may also be obtained by small local craft at
visibility is so affected that it is impossible to see for more the Head of the Inner Harbour, SW of Marzuk Kabr
than a short distance. (12°48′⋅2N, 45°00′⋅6E) (12.96), also in the vicinity of the
2 Little forewarning is given of the arrival of these squalls lighter moorings which are laid NE of the dredged channel
except for a dense cloud of sand banking up from the N and which leads to the quays E of Ma‘allah Wharf (12.103) in
NW one or two hours before sunset. depths from 3⋅0 to 3⋅7 m.
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3 Anchorage for vessels of shallow draught may also be 7 Vessels of 3⋅7 m or more draught must not remain at
obtained in the dredged area N of Ra’s Hedjuff (12°47′⋅8N, single anchor in the Inner Harbour without
44°59′⋅8E) (12.106). permission.
8 Immobilisation of main engines may be permitted
Pilotage alongside in Aden Oil Harbour; requests, giving
12.60 brief reasons, should be made to the Marine
1 In normal circumstances pilotage into Little Aden Harbour Superintendent prior to arrival.
(12.86) and the Inner Harbour (12.93) presents no special 9 Tankers manoeuvring within the limits of the port shall
difficulties, but during the SW Monsoon sandstorms may be ballasted to a mean draught of not less than half
occur suddenly and with violence. See 12.51. the summer draught, and the trim by the stern shall
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 200 grt not exceed 1⋅8 m.
entering or leaving the port; pilots are available throughout
24 hours. Submarine cables
The pilot usually boards on the port side; pilot boats have 12.65
red hulls with yellow superstructures. 1 A submarine cable is laid from Gold Mohur Bay
12.61 (12°46′N, 44°59′E) (12.127) in a generally SSW direction
1 Pilot boarding position. The pilot boards all vessels into the Gulf of Aden.
bound for Little Aden Oil Harbour (12.86) or for Aden Caution. Numerous disused submarine cables exist within
Inner Harbour (12.93) in position 12°44′N, 44°57′E, as the area SE of a line drawn between Ra’s Tarshayn
shown on the chart, unless otherwise advised by the Port (12°46′⋅7N, 44°58′⋅2E) (12.125) and Jazrat Sall (4 miles
Control, about mile S of the outer end of the buoyed SW) (12.132).
Outer Harbour Entrance Channel (12.82).
12.62
1 Pilot ladders. The pilot ladder should usually be rigged HARBOUR
on the port side of the vessel during the NE Monsoon
period (mid September to May). During the SW Monsoon Charts 7, 3660, 3662
(June to mid September) the pilot ladder should usually be General layout
rigged on the port side for ships approaching from the W 12.66
and on the starboard side for ships approaching from the E. 1 Aden Harbour is a fine, natural harbour entered between
the Little Aden Peninsula (12.29) and the Aden Peninsula
Tugs (12.30).
12.63 The harbour consists of three main commercial areas:
1 Tugs are available; mooring boats are also available. 1. Outer Harbour (12°47′N, 44°57′E) (12.67) which lies
Two tugs are required for berthing of vessels of up to between the mainland coast and the Little Aden and Aden
35 000 dwt; three tugs are used for larger vessels. Peninsulas.
2 2. Inner Harbour (12°48′N, 44°59′E) (12.93) which is
Regulation concerning entry situated on the NW part of the Aden Peninsula, NE of the
12.64 Outer Harbour and is entered N of the breakwater which
1 All vessels must fly at the foremast the national flag of extends NW from Ra’s Marb (12.85).
Yemen. 3. Little Aden Oil Harbour (12°46′N, 44°55′E) (12.86),
2 All vessels within the limits of the Port of Aden shall which is situated on the NE corner of the Little Aden
take up such berths as may be allocated to them by Peninsula, SW of the Outer Harbour, is approached through
the Harbour Master and shall shift their berths or a channel dredged to 14⋅7 m leading to four dolphin berths
leave when required to do so by the Harbour with alongside depths from 11⋅6 to 15⋅8 m.
Master. 12.67
3 There are local regulations regarding dangerous goods 1 Aden Outer Harbour includes all the area N of the line,
and explosives, and vessels carrying them must shown on the chart, which designates the Southern Limit of
give 24 hours notice of their arrival. Tankers the Port of Aden (12.35), and a line, also shown on the
carrying petroleum with a flash point below 73°F chart, drawn on about 309° from the head of Ra’s Marb
(22⋅8°C), and those not gas free, are not permitted Breakwater (12°47′⋅4N, 44°58′⋅2E).
to enter the Inner Harbour (12.93) during the hours 12.68
of darkness. 1 Aden Inner Harbour, which lies E of the line drawn on
4 Vessels are not to pass each other under way in the about 309° from the head of Ra’s Marb Breakwater
Inner Harbour, or in the approach channel to it. (12.85) is divided into two parts by a drying sandbank
A vessel following another in the approach channels to which extends about 1miles S from the N shore of the
the Oil Harbour (12.86) or the Inner Harbour harbour and by the Aden Container Terminal (12.104) which
(12.93) shall not close within 4 cables. extends about 1 mile WSW on reclaimed land from the S
5 No vessel shall be navigated in the Inner Harbour, Oil end of the drying sandbank. The harbour has 9 main
Harbour, or the approach channels to these alongside berths, 6 buoy berths and 3 dolphin bunker berths.
harbours, except with the permission of the
Harbour Master, without a depth of 0⋅6 m or more Traffic signals
below her keel, or, in the case of a vessel drawing 12.69
more than 11⋅3 m, without a depth of 1⋅2 m below 1 The Outer Harbour Entrance Channels. The following
her keel. traffic control signals are used for the control of traffic in the
6 No vessel may enter the approach channels to the Oil dredged channels through the Outer Harbour (12.82); they
Harbour or the Inner Harbour, or leave her are shown from the top-mast of the Port Authority Signal
moorings, unless the Channel Control Signals Station (12°47′⋅3N, 44°58′⋅4E) which stands close SSE of
(12.69) show that the channel is clear. Ra’s Marb.
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DIRECTIONS
Arden Inner Harbour. vessel signals (12.70)
Approaches
Magnetic anomaly
12.71 Chart 3661
1 Local magnetic anomalies exist in the vicinity of Aden. 12.75
See chart. 1 The Aden Peninsula (12.30) and the Little Aden
Peninsula (12.29) are so prominent that there is little
Principal marks difficulty in identifying the approach to Bandar at Tawh
12.72 (12.28) or Aden Outer Harbour (12.67), which lies between
1 Light: these two features.
Elephants Back Light (12°45′⋅8N, 44°59′⋅4E) (12.16). Approaching from west
12.73
1 Landmarks: (continued from 12.18)
Jabal al Muzalqam (Sugarloaf) (12°45′⋅3N, 44°52′⋅0E) 12.76
rises to 374 m and is the highest peak of the Little 1 From a position about 7 miles S of Jabal ‘Azz (12°44′N,
Aden Peninsula (12.29). 44°43′E) (12.18) the approach leads ENE keeping at least
Amen Khal Radio Mast Ra’s Marbøò Military Pier
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CHAPTER 12
1 mile off the S side of the Little Aden Peninsula (12.29), (with positions given from Jazrat Sall Light (12°44′⋅3N,
passing: 44°55′⋅0E)):
SSE of Jabal ‘Azz (12°44′N, 44°43′E) (12.18). Between the pair of No 1 Light-buoys (1miles E)
Thence: (port and starboard hand) which are moored about
SSE of Ra’s ‘Imrn (12°44′N, 44°43′E) (12.19), 1cables apart, thence:
thence: 2 Between the pair of No 2 Light-buoys (1miles ENE)
2 SSE of Jazrat al Juhub (12°44′N, 44°46′E) (12.19), (port and starboard hand) which are moored about
thence: 1cables apart, thence proceed either to the Little
SSE of Ra’s al A‘raja (12°43′N, 44°51′E) (12.19). Aden Oil Harbour (12.86) or the Inner Harbour
Thence: (12.93).
SSE of Ra’s Mukallab Hd (12°43′N, 44°52′E) (Directions for the Inner Harbour Entrance
(12.19), thence: Channel are given at 12.85 and for the
SSE of Ra’s Ab Qiymah (12°44′N, 44°54′E) Oil Harbour Entrance Channel at 12.83)
(12.19), thence:
3 SSE of Jazrat Sall (12°44′N, 44°55′E) (12.132) and Little Aden Oil Harbour Entrance Channel
then to the outer end of the Outer Harbour Entrance (continued from 12.82)
Channel (12.82). 12.83
(continued at 12.82) 1 The track, as shown on the chart, leads through the Little
12.77 Aden Oil Harbour Entrance Channel, passing (with positions
1 Night. If approaching from the W at night, the entrance given from Breakwater Head Light (12°45′⋅9N, 44°55′⋅3E)):
to the dredged channel may be approached with the SW of No 3 Light-buoy (S cardinal) (1miles ESE)
Elephants Back Light (12°45′⋅8N, 44°59′⋅4E) (12.16) on a which marks the bifurcation of the channel between
line of bearing of not less than 061°. the arm which leads to Little Aden Oil Harbour
12.78 (12.86) and the arm which leads to Inner Harbour
1 Caution. Note the wreck (12°43′⋅7N, 44°56′⋅9E), with a (12.93). Thence:
least depth over it of 15⋅3 m, which lies S of the entrance to 2 ENE of No 3 Light-buoy (port hand) (1miles ESE),
the dredged entry channel. thence:
Between the pair of No 4 Light-buoys (port and
Approaching from east starboard hand) (6cables ESE) which are moored
(continued from 12.19) about 1cables apart, thence:
12.79 ENE of Breakwater Head Light (red GRP column, 6 m
1 From a position about 4 miles SSE of Ra’s Marshaq Light high).
(12°46′N, 45°03′E) the approach leads WNW, passing: 3 From a position ENE of the breakwater, the track leads
SSW of Ra’s Marshaq Light (12°46′N, 45°03′E) into Little Aden Oil Harbour, passing:
(12.16). Thence: Between the pair of No 5 Light-buoys (port and
SSW of Ra’s Antuk (12°45′N, 45°02′E) (12.19), starboard hand) (close NNE and 2 cables NNE)
thence: which are moored about 1cables apart, thence
2 SSW of Round Island (12°45′N, 45°00′E) (12.136), into the Oil Harbour Basin the extremities of which
thence: are marked by further light-buoys.
SSW of the Elephants Back (12°46′N, 44°59′E)
(12.19) from which the Elephants Back Light Useful marks
(12.16) is exhibited. Thence: 12.84
To the outer end of the Outer Harbour Entrance 1 A beacon (white, square topmark) (12°45′⋅7N,
Channel (12.82). 44°54′⋅6E) stands at an elevation of 56 m about
(continued at 12.82) 7 cables WSW of the breakwater head; a further
12.80 beacon stands 5 cables W.
1 Caution. See 12.78.
Aden Inner Harbour Entrance Channel
Useful lights Charts 7, 3660
12.81 (continued from 12.82)
1 Aero lights: 12.85
An aero light, 63 m high, exhibited from a structure in 1 From a position in the Outer Harbour Entrance Channel
position 12°52′N, 45°00′E. (12.82) SSE of No 3 Light-buoy (12°45′⋅4N, 44°56′⋅6E), the
Another aero light, 46 m high, exhibited from a track continues, mainly NE, for about 3 miles, through the
structure in position 12°51′N, 45°03′E. Inner Harbour Entrance Channel, passing (with positions
given from Ra’s Marb Breakwater Light (12°47′⋅4N,
Entry 44°58′⋅2E)):
2 ESE of No 3 Light-buoy (S cardinal) (2miles SW)
which marks the bifurcation of the channel between
Chart 7 the arm which leads to the Little Aden Oil Harbour
Outer Harbour Entrance Channel (12.86) and the arm which leads to the Inner
(continued from the western approach to Aden 12.76, or the Harbour (12.93), thence:
eastern approach to Aden 12.79) Between the pair of No 1 Light-buoys (port and
12.82 starboard hand) (1miles SW) which are moored
1 From a position about 2miles SW of the Elephants about 1 cable apart, thence:
Back (12°46′N, 44°59′E) (12.19), in the vicinity of the pilot 3 Between the pair of No 2 Light-buoys (port and
boarding position (12.61), the track through the Outer starboard hand) (9 cables SW) which are moored
Harbour Entrance Channel leads about 1 mile NNW, passing about 1 cable apart. A wreck, marked by a
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CHAPTER 12
on the S side of the Inner Harbour close N of Ra’s Hedjuff occur during this period. If at anchor, both anchors should
(12.106). be used.
12.94 See 12.51.
1 Berthing and unberthing are carried out at any time of the
Fuel Oil Terminal alongside berths
day or night.
12.99
Submarine pipelines 1 At the alongside fuel oil terminal berths vessels are
12.95 secured to dolphins and to mooring buoys both forward and
1 Numerous submarine pipelines which serve the oil fuel aft; the oil pipelines serving the berths extend to the dolphin.
terminal berths and moorings are laid from both sides of the Oil Terminal Berth No 6 (Outward) is situated on the S
Inner Harbour. The areas in which they are laid and the side of the Inner Harbour, about 1 cable N of Abkari Pier
restricted areas surrounding the pipelines are best seen on the (12.112); the berth can handle vessels up to 274 m in length
chart. and has alongside depths of 11⋅9 m.
See 1.21. 2 Oil Terminal Berth No 6 (Inward) is situated on the S
side of the Inner Harbour, close NW of Flint Island (12.96);
Harbour Islands the berth can handle vessels up to 244 m in length and has
12.96 alongside depths of 11⋅5 m.
1 Flint Island (12°47′⋅6N, 44°59′⋅2E) lies on the S side of Oil Terminal Berth No 7 is situated on the N side of the
the Inner Harbour close ESE of Oil Berth No 6 (Inward) Inner Harbour; the berth can handle vessels up to 228 m in
(12.99); a single story building stands on the island. length and has alongside depths of 11⋅9 m.
Marzuk Kab r (Twin Rocks) (12°48′⋅2N, 45°00′⋅6E) is Alongside berths
an islet situated in the SE part of the harbour, about 12.100
3cables W of the S end of Jazrat Al-Ummal. A pier 1 Ma‘allah Wharf (12°47′⋅8N, 45°00′⋅5E) has a quay
extends from the S side of the islet. about 1 km long on which there are 6 numbered berths; the
2 Jaz rat Al-Ummal (Jazrat al‘Abd) lies on a drying berth can accept vessels up to a maximum dwt of
bank about 3cables E of Marzuk Kabr; a beacon (5 m 40 000 tonnes.
high) stands on the summit of the island. The island is Four container cranes of 50 tonnes capacity are available
joined by an extension causeway from the main Khormaksar at the container terminal.
Causeway which lies ENE of the island; two piers extend W 12.101
from the W side of the island. 1 Longest and deepest berth. The longest berths are
3 Vessels about to be scrapped are often beached on the W Berths Nos 1 to 5, each 187⋅5 m in length, with a depth
coast of the island. alongside of 11 m.
Kais al Hamman and Qulfetein Island together with 12.102
another unnamed islet lie on a drying spit which extends 1 Ro-Ro Berth. A Ro-Ro Berth, 150 m in length with an
about 3 cables S from Jazrat Al-Ummal. alongside depth of 7⋅6 m and a ramp width of 20 m, lies
Jam Ali is an islet, standing on the sandbank which along the NW face of Ma‘allah Wharf (12.100).
divides the harbour, close NW of Aliya Island (12°48′⋅9N, 12.103
44°59′⋅7E). 1 Quays east of Ma‘allah Wharf. There is about 800 m of
lighter and local craft quays, numbered 15 to 21, situated E
Mooring berths
of No 6 Berth; the quays have alongside depths from 1⋅8 to
12.97
2⋅7 m.
1 Numerous mooring buoys are laid on both sides of the
inner end of the Inner Harbour, their position, number and Aden Container Terminal
type designation are best seen on the chart. The mooring 12.104
buoys used for cargo berths should not be confused for 1 Aden Container Terminal (12°48′⋅3N, 44°59′⋅7E) is a
mooring buoys used for the oil terminals, as the latter lie new facility situated on the N side of the Inner Harbour at
adjacent to the light-buoys (special) which mark the ends of the S end of the drying bank which divides the harbour into
the oil pipelines. two parts.
2 These mooring berths are used for both the working of The terminal has a quay length of about 700 m on which
cargo and for fuelling; they can handle vessels up to there are two numbered berths each equipped with two
60 000 dwt with a maximum length of 275 m and with a container cranes of 50 tonnes capacity.
maximum draught of 12⋅2 m. The mooring system is based The terminal has alongside depths of 16⋅0 m (1998).
on the use of mooring buoys and breast buoys; in cargo
Ship repair yard
mooring berths vessels are secured with one or two anchors
12.105
down and stern lines to a buoy.
1 A ship repair yard (12°47′⋅8N, 45°00′⋅1E) lies between
3 Fuel oil terminal moorings also fringe both sides of the
the W end of Ma‘allah Wharf (12.100) and Ra’s Hedjuff
harbour where vessels are secured with one anchor down
(12.106).
and head ropes to a breast buoy, with the stern secured to a
The area NE of the ship repair yard was dredged to 2⋅7 m
mooring buoy and a breast buoy. The end of the oil pipeline
(1954), but there is a least charted alongside depth on this
serving the fuelling berth is marked by a light-buoy
face of the facility of 1⋅5 m; similar depths lie off its NW
(special).
face.
Moorings for lighters are situated close N of the dredged
A small basin, enclosed by a pier extending NW then
area which lies off Ma‘allah Wharf (12°47′⋅8N, 45°00′⋅5E)
NE, lies off the NW side of the yard.
(12.100).
12.98 Fish Harbour
1 Caution. Vessels lying at moorings within the Inner 12.106
Harbour between May and August should be well secured to 1 A Fish Harbour (12°47′⋅8N, 44°59′⋅7E) lies on the W
the mooring buoys having regard to the sandstorms which side of Ra’s Hedjuff. The N face of the harbour has a quay
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CHAPTER 12
Water Stage
Ra’s Hedjuff
Aden Harbour (12.93)
(Original dated 2002)
Aden Container Terminal
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CHAPTER 12
Marzuk Kabír
Ma’allah Wharf
Aden Harbour (12.93)
(Original dated 2002)
Jazírat Al’Abíd
Qulfetein Island
Aden Harbour (12.93)
(Original dated 2002)
of 900 tonnes on a transverse slip and 800 tonnes on a Harbour and by pipeline in Little Aden Oil Harbour;
patent slip. provisions are available.
Divers are available.
12.116 Communications
1 Floating Docks. There are two floating docks. Ten days 12.119
notice of any docking requirement is necessary. 1 There is an international airport at Khormaksar (12.30).
Larger Dock. The larger dock lies about 3 cables W There is frequent communication by sea with the principal
of Marzuk Kabr (12°48′⋅2N, 45°00′⋅6E) (12.96). world ports.
This dock has an overall length of 137 m, a width
of 24 m and a lifting capacity of 4500 tonnes. INLETS AND BAYS
Smaller dock. The smaller dock lies at the head of the
Fish Harbour (12.106). The dock has a lifting Little Aden Peninsula
capacity of 1500 tonnes. Chart 7
Other facilities Bandar Shaykh
12.117 12.120
1 Hospital; deratting; numerous lighters; a floating crane of 1 Description. Bandar Shaykh (12°44′⋅0N, 44°52′⋅8E) is a
30 tonnes capacity; mobile cranes up to 50 tonnes capacity; bay on the S side of the Little Aden Peninsula (12.29)
limited facilities for the disposal of oily waste in Little Aden which is entered between Ra’s Mukallab Hd (12.19) and
Oil Harbour (12.86); compulsory garbage collection; the S extremity of an unnamed peninsula which extends
repatriation; marine and engineering surveyors; electronic about 4 cables S from the shore, close W of Ra’s Ab
repairs. Qiymah (12.19).
Part of the head of the bay is enclosed by breakwaters
Supplies which form a small basin.
12.118 12.121
1 Fuel oil is available at oil terminal berths or by barge; 1 Anchorage may be obtained within the bay, during
diesel oil; fresh water available by water boat in the Inner periods of offshore winds, in depths from about 5 to 10 m.
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Khawr Ghad r The bay is fringed partly by steep cliffs and partly by
12.122 sandy shores.
1 Description. Khawr Ghadr (12°44′⋅6N, 44°53′⋅6E) lies Fishermans Bay
on the SE side of the Little Aden Peninsula (12.29) and is
12.129
entered between Ra’s Ab Qiymah (12.19) and an unnamed
1 Description. Fishermans Bay (12°45′⋅7N, 45°02′⋅8E) lies
promontory about 1 mile E.
on the SE side of the peninsula and is entered between Ra’s
An unnamed islet, 22 m high, lies on the E side of the
Marshaq (12.19) and Ra’s Taih (1 mile WSW).
entrance to the bay, about 3 cables S of the unnamed
The bay is fringed partly by steep cliffs and partly by
promontory to which it is connected by a shallow spit.
sandy shores.
2 A white mosque stands on the W side of the bay about
12.130
5cables NNW of Ra’s Ab Qiymah; four jetties and a
1 Anchorage may be obtained by small vessels, in depths
power station intake extend from the shore on the W side of
from about 3⋅7 to 6⋅7 m, within the bay, which is sheltered
the head of the bay.
by Ra’s Marshaq.
Little Ghad r, a small bay, lies close E of the unnamed
promontory on the E side of Khawr Ghadr. Holkat Bay
Currency Bay, a small bay, lies on the E side of a small 12.131
peninsula which divides these two small bays. 1 Description. Holkat Bay (12°46′⋅3N, 45°02′⋅9E) lies on
12.123 the E side of the peninsula and is entered between the
1 Anchorage may be obtained within Khawr Ghadr, in promontory of Ma‘quilein and the NE corner of the
depths from about 5 to 16 m, sand. peninsula of which Ra’s Marshaq (12.19) is its S extremity.
The head of the bay is a sandy shore.
Khawr Bi‘r Ahmad
12.124 OFF-LYING ISLANDS AND DANGERS
1 Description. Khawr Bi‘r Ahmad (12°46′N, 44°53′E) is a
creek which lies between the N coast of the Little Aden Little Aden Peninsula
Peninsula (12.29) and the mainland. Chart 7
The creek is entered between two drying banks.
Jaz rat Sal l
A road bridge, with a vertical clearance of 3⋅4 m, spans
12.132
the creek about 7 cables within its entrance.
1 Description. Jazrat Sall (12°44′⋅3N, 44°55′⋅0E) is an
2 The channel leading to the inner part of Khawr Bi‘r
islet situated on the W side of the entrance to Aden Outer
Ahmad is narrow and shallow, with drying sandbanks
Harbour (12.67), about 4 cables S of Ra’s Sall.
extending from both sides of the inlet. The inner part of the
Two above-water rocks, a drying rock and two rocks
inlet has not been examined, but its shores are low and
awash lie within about 1 cable E and ESE of the islet.
sandy, and covered with small scrub; on its N side there are
Jazrat Sall Light (white tower, 4 m high) is exhibited
extensive salt pans.
from the summit of the islet; the light is reported to be
difficult to distinguish.
Aden Peninsula
Square Island
Sapper Bay 12.133
12.125 1 Description. Square Island (12°45′⋅3N, 44°55′⋅1E) lies
1 Description. Sapper Bay (12°47′⋅0N, 44°58′⋅4E) is close off the E coast of the Little Aden Peninsula (12.29)
entered between Ra’s Marb (12.85) and Ra’s Tarshayn and is connected to the shore by a bank, with a least depth
(6 cables SSW). over it of 0⋅6 m; a beacon stands on the NE part of the
island.
Telegraph Bay
12.126 Chart 3662
1 Description. Telegraph Bay (12°46′⋅6N, 44°58′⋅7E) is Low Island
entered between an unnamed headland, on which stands Fort 12.134
Tarshayn and Ra’s Baradli. 1 Description. Low Island (12°45′⋅6N, 44°55′⋅1E) lies
about 2cables N of Square Island (12.133), close off the
Gold Mohur Bay SE side of the triangular shaped breakwater on the S side of
12.127 Little Aden Oil Harbour (12.86).
1 Description. Gold Mohur Bay (12°46′⋅2N, 44°59′⋅1E) lies
Peaked Rock
on the SW side of the peninsula and is entered between the
12.135
Elephants Back (12.19) and an unnamed point about 2 cables
1 Peaked Rock lies about 2cables ESE of Low Island
ESE of Ra’s Baradli. Elephants Back Light (12.16) is
near the S end of a shallow bank extending W and S from
exhibited from the Elephants Back.
Pinnacle Rock which is prominent; a beacon stands on the S
2 The Elephants Trunk is a short peninsula which extends
part of Pinnacle Rock. A drying rock lies on the E edge of
about 1cables WSW from the centre of the head of the
the bank which lies between Pinnacle Rock and Peaked
bay; an enclosed camber lies in that part of the bay
Rock.
immediately N of the inner end of the Elephants Trunk.
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CHAPTER 12
connected to the shore of the peninsula by a reef and a extending from the SW corner of the island.
shallow bank. A round tower stands on the summit of the island.
An unnamed bay is entered close N of the island between 12.138
two unnamed steep points; sandy shores lie at the head of 1 Anchorage. The depths NE of rah Island and the town
the bay. of Aden are regular such that anchorage may be obtained as
convenient, sand and mud.
2 During the NE Monsoon a heavy swell sets in, but from
rah Island June to August during W winds, good anchorage may be
12.137 obtained in smooth water under the lee of rah Island.
1 Description. rah Island (12°46′⋅8N, 45°03′⋅0E) lies on During these months, this anchorage may be found to be
the E side of Front Bay and forms its E extremity; the island convenient with it being close to the town., for vessels only
is connected to the shore fronting the town of Aden by a wishing to communicate with the authorities. The hot dry
drying bank which fills Front Bay, and also by a causeway gusts blowing from over the hills are usually strong.
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CHAPTER 12
A considerable trade is carried out from the port with Prohibited area
India, Oman, and ports on the Somali coast and also within 12.169
the Red Sea. 1 A prohibited area extends about 6 cables SSW from the
Cargo is worked in the anchorage by lighters between the shore on the S side of the town of Al Mukall, as shown on
months of October and May. the chart.
12.162 The area encloses a submarine pipeline which leads to
1 Trade. The main exports are gums, hides, senna and a some offshore diffusers which protrude from the seabed and
small quantity of coffee. over which there is a least depth of 4 m.
The main imports are cotton goods, metals, crockery and
rice from Bombay; dates and dried fruit from Musqa; coffee, Current
maize and millet from Aden; sheep, aloes, frankincense, 12.170
coffee and dyes from Berbera (14.162) and other African 1 The current off the coast between Ra’s al Kalb (14°03′N,
ports. 48°41′E) (12.150) and Mukallá Bay (37 miles NE) sets
towards the coast to some extent.
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Port radio any vessel bound for the terminal in order to allow the
12.179 master to make an inspection of the chart before berthing.
1 The Port of Al Mukall Port Control Radio Station
controls the operations of the port. Tugs
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio 12.187
Signals, Volume 6 (3). 1 A tug is available in Khalf Harbour.
General layout
12.188
Notice of ETA 1 The harbour consists of three distinct parts, Khalf Harbour
12.180 (12.195), the Outer Anchorages (12.181) and Al Mukall Oil
1 Vessels should give 96 hours notice of their ETA through Terminal (12.197).
Aden Radio. Khalf Harbour is a small harbour, protected by
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio breakwaters, which is entered from its W side.
Signals, Volume 6 (3). The three designated Outer Anchorages lie SW of the
entrance to Khalf Harbour, and S of the rocky projection on
which the town of Al Mukall stands.
Outer anchorage Al Mukall Oil Terminal (12.197) lies close SE of Khalf
12.181 Harbour.
1 There are three anchorage positions shown on the chart;
the recommended position lies in depths of about 31 m, Tidal stream
about 4 cables SSW of the unnamed rocky projection on 12.189
which stands the town of Al Mukall (12.160). 1 The tidal stream in Al Mukall Bay sets SW with the
The anchorages are used by vessels over 10 000 dwt for in-coming stream.
working cargo into lighters. 12.190
Smaller vessels may anchor farther NW, noting the two 1 Caution. A vessel reported a number of years ago that,
stranded wrecks which lie on the shoal area W of the rocky after experiencing a weak W-going stream, an E-going
projection and the prohibited area (12.169) which lies farther stream suddenly set in with considerable strength causing her
W. to drag her anchor and ground.
12.182
1 Cautions. A wreck, which is considered dangerous to Principal marks
surface navigation, lies close SSE of the designated 12.191
anchorages. 1 Landmarks:
The anchorage is exposed to the SW Monsoon, and, for Jabal al Qra (14°32′⋅1N, 49°08′⋅3E) which stands
this reason, may be closed from May to October; see both behind the town, rises to an elevation of 390 m and
12.178 and further caution at 12.190. is a conspicuous mark. A radio mast (red
It has been reported that the anchorage can only obstruction lights) stands close to the summit.
accommodate three vessels with safety during the period of A conspicuous minaret (14°31′⋅8N, 49°07′⋅6E)
the SW Monsoon. (position approximate) stands on the foreshore in
12.183 the centre part of the town.
1 Landing. A landing may be effected at a jetty situated on 2 The white tower of a ruined fort (14°31′⋅8N,
the W side of the rocky projection (12.159), about 2 cables 49°08′⋅4E) which stands on the N side of the town
SSW of the NW-most tower (166 m high). This jetty lies and is the NW-most of a line of three other similar
close to the custom house and has depths alongside from 0⋅3 towers. All four of these towers are conspicuous
to 0⋅9 m. and make good landmarks.
12.184 Oil Tanks (14°31′⋅1N, 49°09′⋅3E) situated close SE of
1 Prohibited anchorage. A prohibited area (12.169), as Khalf Harbour (12.195).
shown on the chart, in which anchorage is prohibited, The ruins of a white house (14°30′⋅6N, 49°09′⋅6E)
extends SSW from the shore on both sides of a submarine standing on Ra’s Marb (12.159) are conspicuous.
pipeline. 12.192
12.185 1 Major light:
1 Anchorage North of Ra’s al Mukall . Anchorage, Al Mukall Southern Breakwater Head Light (white
sheltered from the SW Monsoon, may also be obtained by round tower, green bands) (14°31′⋅2N, 49°09′⋅0E).
small vessels in the bay N of Ra’s Al Mukall (14°31′N,
49°10′E) in depths from about 7 to 11 m. Directions for entering harbour
Caution. Depths increase rapidly to seaward. Approach
Local knowledge is required for the use of this 12.193
anchorage. 1 From a position about 4miles SSE of Ra’s Burm
(14°20′N, 49°00′E) (12.151) the approach to Al Mukall
Harbour leads about 5 miles N to a position 1 mile W of
Pilotage Ra’s Marb (14°30′⋅5N, 49°09′⋅6E) (12.159).
12.186
1 Pilotage for Khalf Harbour (12.195) is compulsory and is Entry
available during the hours of daylight only; the pilot boards 12.194
about 3 cables WSW of the harbour entrance. 1 The pilot boarding position for Khalf Harbour (12.195)
Pilotage for the Outer Harbour and Al Mukall Oil lies W of the harbour entrance.
Terminal (12.197) is optional; it is reported that a launch, The harbour entrance lies close ENE between two
with a copy of a large scale chart of the oil terminal, meets breakwater heads.
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CHAPTER 12
Basins and berths 2 Starboard anchor. The starboard anchor should be let
go when the common rear beacon is bearing 042°
Khalf Harbour and in line with the NW-most of the two front
12.195 beacons.
1 Description. Khalf Harbour forms the port for Al Port anchor. The port anchor should be let go when
Mukall and is entered about 9 cables NW of Ra’s Marb the common rear beacon is bearing 025° and in line
(14°30′⋅5N, 49°09′⋅6E) (12.159). with the SE-most of the two front beacons; two
The port can accommodate vessels of up to 10 000 dwt, beacons standing near the shore, about 3 cables
145 m in length and 8⋅5 m draught; during the SW monsoon NNW of Ra’s Marb, are on an alignment (085°)
the normal accepted length is 75 m. A request to the port close to this anchor position.
authorities may allow larger vessels to be accepted. 3 Better positioning on the berth may be achieved by
2 The harbour is entered between two breakwaters; the S slightly over-running the transit lines as they are seen from
breakwater extends NW from reclaimed land on the W side the forecastle before letting the anchors go.
of the promontory, about 7 cables NW of Ra’s Marb; the N
breakwater extends SSW from a position on the coast Port services
3cables farther NW. Facilities
Al Mukall S Breakwater Head Light (12.192) is 12.202
exhibited from the S breakwater head; a further light is 1 Cargo lighters with capacities between 60 and 400 tonnes;
exhibited from the N breakwater head. mobile cranes; medical facilities.
3 Depths in the middle of the harbour entrance are about
10 m, and in the swinging area within the harbour about Supplies
8⋅5 m. 12.203
12.196 1 Fuel oils; fresh water; fresh provisions are all available.
1 Berths. There are two commercial berths within the port: Communications
No 1 Berth is situated on the NE side of the S
12.204
breakwater; the berth is 177 m in length and has an
1 There is an airport at Ar Rayyn 22 km NE of Al
alongside depth of 9⋅1 m in its SE corner.
Mukall; there are sea communications with Aden, India, the
2 No 2 Berth is situated on the reclaimed land on the
Persian Gulf and European ports.
SE side of the harbour; the berth is 184 m in length
and has an alongside depth of 9⋅1 m.
A Fisheries Berth is situated at the NE end of the ASH S IHR OIL TERMINAL
reclaimed land on the SE side of the harbour; the
General information
berth has a length of 160 m with alongside depths
of 4⋅5 m. Chart 3784 plan of Ash SÖihr Terminal
Position
Al Mukall Oil Terminal 12.205
12.197 1 Ash Sihr Oil Terminal (14°41′N, 49°31′E) is situated on
1 Description. Al Mukall Oil Terminal is situated on the the N side of the Gulf of Aden, about 24 miles ENE of Al
W side of the promontory, close S of Khalf Harbour. Mukall (12.158) and 5 miles SW of the small town of Ash
The facility consists of two mooring buoys laid at the Sihr (14°45′N, 49°37′E); Marr, which stands 2miles
seaward end of a submarine oil pipeline which extends about WSW of the town is a ruin.
1cables SW from a position on the shore about 5cables Description
NNW of Ra’s Marb (14°30′⋅5N, 49°09′⋅6E). 12.206
The terminal is used only from the beginning of October 1 The terminal consists of two SPM buoys connected to
to the middle of May. submarine oil pipelines which lead NW to land on the coast
12.198 mile and 1 miles ENE of the service boat harbour
1 Berthing is undertaken during daylight only; unberthing (12.224).
is at the masters discretion. Three light-buoys (special) are moored between the SPMs
Pilotage is optional. See 12.186. and the shore; the buoys mark the 27 m depth contour.
12.199
1 Local weather. Strong SW winds may be experienced at Topography
times; wind and current conditions are most favourable for 12.207
berthing early in the morning. 1 The coast between Ra’s al Mukall (14°31′N, 49°10′E)
12.200 (12.151) and the town of Ash Sihr (28 miles ENE) is an
1 Caution. Vessels have experienced difficulty with jellyfish almost unbroken line of low sand. Apart from the oil
choking the main engine intakes. This normally only occurs terminal the coast is free from off-lying dangers.
at the beginning of the NE Monsoon. A range of high mountains extends E from N of Al
12.201 Mukall (12.158) lying parallel with the coast between 10
1 Directions for berthing. Approach the berth, as shown and 15 miles inland.
on the chart, on a course of 117° with Ra’s Marb 2 Buwaysh (14°35′N, 49°13′E) is a village which stands in
(14°30′⋅5N, 49°09′⋅6E) just open on the port bow; both from the coast in a valley surrounded by date groves;
anchors are used and are dropped on the alignment of a another village, situated a farther 3 miles SE, has a large and
common rear beacon, standing near the shore about 6 cables ancient mosque.
NW of Ra’s Marb, and two separate and individual front Ar Rayyn (14°39′N, 49°20′E) is another coastal village
beacons. along this stretch of coast.
The depth of water in the anchorage positions is about 3 Shuhayr (14°41′N, 49°24′E) is a ruined village situated
37 m. 4 miles NE of Ar Rayyn; an old fort stands near the village
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CHAPTER 12
and makes a good mark. A small town, about 4 miles N of arrival and if there is any change of their ETA in excess of
the village, has some mosques standing within it that are 3 hours.
visible from seaward. Az Zaghfah (8 miles ENE) is another For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio
coastal village in this vicinity. Signals, Volume 6 (3).
A low brown hill stands about 1miles N of Ash Sihr.
12.208 Outer anchorages
1 From the town of Ash Sihr the coast continues low and 12.219
sandy as far as m (13 miles ENE) with no off-lying 1 Ash Sihr Oil Terminal. There is no recommended
dangers; there are cliffs rising from the coast at m. waiting anchorage off the terminal; any chosen anchorage
A ruined village stands close to the coast about 5 miles berth should be well clear and to leeward of the oil terminal
ENE of Ash Sihr. and its facilities.
Seabed soil characteristics within the terminal area are
Port limits dolomite limestone and are not suitable for anchoring.
12.209 Prohibited anchorage. It is prohibited to anchor within
1 The limits of the terminal extend about 5 miles SSE from the limits of the terminal (12.209), as shown on the chart.
the coast on both sides of the terminal facility. 12.220
1 Ash Sihr. An open anchorage may be obtained between
Approach 7 cables and 1 mile off the town of Ash Sihr (12.205) in
12.210 depths from about 13 to 22 m, sand and shell.
1 The terminal is approached directly from the Gulf of
Aden. Pilotage
12.221
Traffic 1 Pilotage is compulsory; the mooring master boards in
12.211 position 14°39′⋅1N, 49°29′⋅9E which lies about 2 miles SW
1 In 2003 the port was used by 23 vessels. of SPM1, or in an agreed position with regard to the
prevailing weather conditions.
Port Authority
12.212 Tugs
1 The harbour is administered by Canadian Nexen 12.222
Petroleum Yemen Ltd., PO Box 52137, Al Mukallá, 1 A tug is available.
Hadhramout, Republic of Yemen.
Regulations concerning entry
Limiting conditions 12.223
1 Draught upon arrival. Vessels must arrive at the
Controlling depth terminal with sufficient ballast or cargo on board to ensure
12.213 the safe manoeuvring of the vessel and to be trimmed no
1 There is a least charted depth in the vicinity of the SPMs more than 4 m by the stern with the propeller submerged.
of 36 m. Vessels will not be berthed with excessive trim or
insufficient ballast.
Maximum size of vessel handled 2 Pilots. Vessels are not allowed within 2 miles of the
12.214 SPMs unless a pilot is onboard.
1 The facility can handle vessels up to 400 000 dwt but is Restricted area. A restricted area encloses both SPMs, as
limited to a loading restriction of 265 000 tonnes. shown on the chart. Only vessels using the terminal are
The minimum size of vessel handled is 80 000 dwt. permitted to enter this area.
Local weather
12.215 Harbour
1 During the period of the SW Monsoon berthing may be General layout
restricted to daylight only. 12.224
1 The terminal has two SPMs; SPM1 is moored in position
Arrival information 14°40′⋅6N, 49°31′⋅2E and SPM2 lies 1 miles NE. Three
light-buoys (special) are moored between the SPM buoys
Port operations
and the shore: the buoys mark the 27 m depth contour.
12.216
2 Ash Sihr service boat harbour (14°41′⋅5N, 49°29′⋅2E)
1 Berthing of vessels starts in the early morning, after
lies off the shore SSE of the main terminal production plant.
sunrise. Vessels must arrive in ample time to allow the
The harbour is formed on its W side by a L-shaped
berthing operation to be completed before sunset.
breakwater extending about 400 m SSE, and on its E side by
The terminal operates 24 hours a day.
a breakwater extending 300 m SSE, the entrance lying in the
Port radio SE corner of the harbour between the two breakwater heads.
12.217 Lights are exhibited from the heads of both breakwaters.
1 Ash Sihr Oil Terminal Port Control Centre, call sign An outer sand-trap breakwater, which also protects the
“Operations Control”, controls the operations of the port. harbour entrance, extends about 600 m SSE from the coast
For further information, see Admiralty List of Radio about 500 m ENE of the E side of the harbour.
Signals, Volume 6 (3). 12.225
1 Mooring buoys, designated A and B, for use by harbour
Notice of ETA required service craft, are laid about 3cables SE, and 6cables
12.218 SSE, from the harbour entrance.
1 Vessels should send their ETA at the terminal 10 days, A tug mooring buoy, designated C, has been laid
72 hours, 48 hours, 24 hours and 12 hours prior to their 7 cables NNW of SPM 2.
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CHAPTER 12
Landmark Anchorage
12.226 12.234
1 Jabal
ubbah (14°43′N, 49°29′E) stands about 1 mile 1 Good anchorage may be obtained about 1 mile offshore
inland and makes a good landmark being isolated, oblong with the Sheikh’s House bearing 010°, about 1mile
and table-topped. distant, in depths from about 13 to 16 m.
A number of years ago a survey ship approached Shaqr’
with the Sheikh’s House bearing 002°, and anchored on this
Port services bearing in a depth of 14⋅6 m with Qarn al Kuls (12.232)
bearing 278°.
Facilities 12.235
12.227 1 Tidal streams in the area of the anchorage set W with the
1 There are no ballast reception facilities at the terminal. in-coming tidal stream.
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CHAPTER 12
of Ra’s al ‘Uaydah (12.150); the town shows up well from The coast between these two points is low and sandy
the W but is not visible when bearing less than 040°. with a range of hills rising a few miles inland and a barren
There is a prominent tower in the town, with a smaller tract of undulating sandhills lying between.
tower close S of it; a third tower stands about 4 cables N of 2 A prominent conical peak, 581 m high, stands about
the town near the coast. 2 miles W of Ra’s Sharwayn. A feature, known as the Asses
Ears, stands on the W shoulder of this peak and consists of
Anchorage two remarkable sugarloaf peaks, 551 m high, situated close
12.242 together; they show their characteristic features when bearing
1 A good anchorage, sheltered from E winds, may be less than 022°, and are obscured when less than 295°.
obtained within the small bay off Balf. The land behind the Asses Ears rises gradually in a
A good anchorage berth is with the prominent tower in narrow wedge shaped formation, with numerous peaks and
the town bearing 007°, distant about 2 cables, in depths of ravines, until it joins the coastal range.
about 16 m or greater. 3 Qishn is a village situated about 5 miles N of Ra’s
12.243 Sharwayn but has only a few inhabitants. The Sultan of
1 Oil Terminal. Rudum Oil Terminal (12.153) is situated in Mahri Sultanate of Qishn and Suqurá has a residence in the
the NW part of the bay. village but normally resides at adboh (15.66), the capital
of Suqurá.
Bandar Bur m The village of Sq is situated about 2 miles ENE of
Qishn. Near the village are a salt water lagoon and a few
Description date trees. Akhd, another village, lies close WSW of Qishn.
12.244 12.249
1 Bandar Burm is a small bay entered between Ra’s 1 Caution. Ra’s Sharwayn (15°20′N, 51°40′E) and Ra’s
Burm (14°20′N, 49°00′E) (12.151) and Radham Bluff Darjah (12 miles ENE) are similar in appearance, each
(1 miles NNW); the shores of the bay are fringed by a having a large quantity of sand blown up on the W side of
reef. the hills in its vicinity, and, as currents in this area are
Current close outside the bay sets continuously NE. somewhat variable, care should be taken in thick weather not
Landing is difficult at times due to the surf and the rocks to confuse one point with the other.
on the beach. 12.250
Supplies. A small quantity of fresh provisions may be 1 Anchorage. The best anchorage within Qishn Bay may
obtained. be obtained in Bandar Lask which is a smaller bay situated
in the SW part of Qishn Bay.
Anchorages 2 A good anchorage berth is about 7cables offshore in
12.245 depths from about 7 to 9 m with Ra’s Sharwayn (15°20′N,
1 Bandar Burm affords safe anchorage during the SW 51°40′E) bearing 158°, distant 1miles. During the SW
Monsoon but the bay is open to E and NE winds. Monsoon, vessels lying in this berth are well sheltered and
During the SW Monsoon anchorage may be obtained SE in comparatively smooth water, but in other parts of the bay
of the town of Burm in depths from about 9 to 13 m, in a heavy swell sets in.
good holding ground but ground swell rolls in. 3 During the NE Monsoon, there is a heavy ground swell
In the early part of the last century, a good anchorage was and surf on the shores of Qishn Bay which renders landing
obtained within the bay with the SE extremity of Radham dangerous except in a cove W of Ra’s Darjah (15°27′N,
Bluff bearing 329°, distant 5cables, in a depth of 20 m. 51°51′E) (12.152) which forms the E entrance point to the
12.246 bay.
1 An indifferent anchorage may be obtained by small
vessels within a small bay situated on the SW side of Ra’s
Burm in depths from about 5 to 13 m. ANCHORAGES
Local knowledge is required for the use of this
anchorage. Chart 6
Maq inal Kab r
Bur m 12.251
12.247 1 Description. Maqinal Kabr (13°25′N, 46°27′E) was a
1 Burm is a small town situated on the NW shore of settlement of which no trace now remains except a black
Bandar Burm. The town is surrounded by date palms and ruin which looks like a low heap of stones standing about
lies at the foot of a range of hills which extends to the coast 2 cables N of the inner end of a rocky spit which extends
in this vicinity. A tomb is situated W of the S end of the 4 cables S from the coast. Four above-water rocks, white
town, but is obscured by hills when near the anchorage. with guano, stand on this spit, but, a number of years ago,
Function. Tobacco and dates are the chief products of the sea birds roosting on them made them appear black against
town; a brisk trade is done during the SW Monsoon when the sandy coast.
Burm becomes a port of refuge. 2 Maqinal Kabr can be easily identified by two black
hills which stand in this vicinity.
Qishn Bay 12.252
1 Anchorage. Small vessels may obtain anchorage,
Chart 3784 sheltered from NE winds, on the W side of the above-water
Description rocks standing on the spit.
12.248 Many years ago, a survey ship approached Maqinal
1 Qishn Bay (15°25′N, 51°45′E) is a bay entered between Kabr with the S extremity of the N-most of the above-water
Ra’s Sharwayn (15°20′N, 51°40′E) (12.152) and Ra’s Darjah rocks bearing 045°, and anchored in a depth of 11 m with
(12 miles ENE) (12.152). this rock bearing 045°, 4 cables distant.
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CHAPTER 12
349
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CHAPTER 12
noting the dangerous rock which lies close SSW of the Say t
point. 12.273
Anchorage may also be obtained W of the point in depths 1 Description. Sayt (15°12′N, 51°15′E) is a town
of about 13 m but depths decrease rapidly towards the coast. situated on the coast in which there are some stone houses
12.267 and mosques.
1 Boats may obtain shelter E of two rocky islets which lie 2 Wd al Maslah reaches the coast about 7 miles WSW of
2 cables NW of the point, and under the lee of a reef about the town and is the largest valley opening on the coast and
7 cables NE of the point. appears to divide the mountainous land into separate tracts,
A heavy surf is always running in this vicinity and to which the land rises gradually from the coast. The sides
landing is difficult. of Wd al Maslah are high and their summits are usually
12.268 obscured by clouds; in the valley there are numerous villages
1 Topography. The village of Al Qurayan is a straggling and date palms. The valley is used as a communication route
village situated about 1miles NW of Ra’s Quay‘ir. between the coast and the inland towns; a ruined fort stands
Quay‘ir, which lies 1 mile N of the point, is a small on each side of its S entrance.
town walled on three sides; a square ruined fort, adjacent to 3 The village of Sharkht, which is situated on the coast
a date grove, stands 3 cables NNW of the town. about 6 miles WSW of Wd al Maslah, is deserted.
12.274
Landmark 1 Anchorage. The anchorage off Sayt is an open
12.269 roadstead. A good berth may be obtained about 1miles
1 At the village of arrah (15°00′N, 50°25′E) which lies offshore in a depth of 10 m, mud, with a large white house
about 7 miles NE of Ra’s Quay‘ir (12.152) there is a round in Sayt bearing 315°, and the S extremity of Ra’s
tower which makes a good mark. The village of Sarr lies Sharwayn (15°20′N, 51°40′E) (12.152) bearing about 070°
about 2 miles farther NE where there are numerous date and just a little open of Ra’s ‘Uqb (15°14′N, 51°22′E)
palms. (12.152).
Mu
ayni‘ah
East of Ra’s Darjah
12.270
12.275
1 An exposed and temporary anchorage may be obtained
1 Description. Between the cliffs of Ra’s Darjah (15°27′N,
off Muayni‘ah (15°04′N, 50°38′E), the site of a large,
51°51′E) (12.152) and those of Ra’s Fartak (24 miles ENE)
ruined, ancient town; the land in this vicinity is swampy
(12.152) the coast is low and sandy. Sandhills rise gradually
with numerous mangrove trees.
to a high range of hills which stand farther inland, the area
A temporary anchorage, which is exposed, may be
is barren except for some stunted bushes and cultivated
obtained about 1miles offshore in depths of about 11 m,
patches near the villages.
mud and sand.
2 The Fartak Range of mountains extends W from Ra’s
The village of Tamnum, which is situated inland from the
Fartak rising to heights of between 610 m and 915 m.
coast, lies between the black peak and the cone (12.271).
aqr (15°32′N, 51°57′E) which lies about 8 miles NE of
Ra’s Darjah is situated within a date grove; a large white
Principal marks mosque stands on a low cliff SSW of the village. A fortified
12.271 house stands about 3 miles ENE of aqr at the W end of
1 Landmarks: another unnamed village.
A prominent white fort stands within a village situated 12.276
about 450 m inland of Muayni‘ah (15°04′N, 1 Anchorage. A good anchorage may be obtained by small
50°38′E). vessels between Ra’s Darjah and a dangerous rock lying
2 A black peak, 76 m high, stands about 7 miles ENE of about 4 miles NNE of the point and about 1 mile offshore.
Muayni‘ah at the W end of a low coastal ridge of This anchorage is completely sheltered from the SW
hills which extends 31 miles ENE and shows black Monsoon.
against the sand-coloured mountains which rise Local knowledge is required for the use of this
farther inland. A cone, 152 m high, stands about anchorage.
10 miles ENE of the black peak and forms the
highest point of this ridge.
12.272 Khay
ayt
1 Anchorage off Raydat l ‘Abd al Wadd (15°02′N, 12.277
50°29′E), a small town which lies about 1 mile inland from 1 Description. Khayayt (15°38′N, 52°08′E) is situated
the coast, between Ra’s Quay‘ir (14°55′N, 50°20′E) some little way inland from the coast at the mouth of a
(12.152) and Muayni‘ah (15°04′N, 50°38′E), is not valley at the base of the high land on the W side of Ra’s
recommended, although many years ago a survey ship did Fartak (12.152). The anchorage port of Khayayt is the port
manage to anchor about 2cables offshore with the centre for Al Wd a town farther up the valley containing three or
of the town bearing 333°, in a depth of 22 m, black mud. four forts.
Depths of 40 m lie within about 2cables of the beach and Some date groves stand 1miles N of Khayayt.
close inshore there is a deep hole, probably an ancient crater, The village of awayn stands on the coast SW of
in which there are depths from 220 to 230 m with depths Khayayt; some date palms grow near the village.
from 37 to 47 m around its edge. 12.278
2 Landmark: 1 Anchorage may be obtained off Khayayt; the port does
A large white watch tower stands on the coast W of a considerable trade and this anchorage is much used by
the town of Raydat l ‘Abd al Wadd near a coasting craft.
landing place; a ruined fort stands about 2 miles Local knowledge is required for the use of this
NNW of the town. anchorage.
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CHAPTER 12
351
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51° 52° 53° 54° 55° 56° 57° 58° 59° 60°
22° 22°
38
Ra’s Qumaylah
229
13.
21° 2854
21°
2854
3519
Al Masirah
¸
13.180
1 3 .17
3519
2851 Ra’s Abu-
20° Rasas
¸ ¸
20°
4
.14
13
19° 19°
352
18° 18°
3784 03
.1
13
¸ - - I.
Juzur Al Halaniyat
378
5 Ma
YEM EN rbº
tB Ra’s Nuss
¸¸
13.61 ay
17° 2896 P. Salalah 17°
(Minº Raysøt)
2896
2895
3785
16° 16°
13.30
9
3784 Nishtøn 13.1
Ra’s Fartak
51° 52° 53° 54° 55° Longitude 56° East from Greenwich 58° 59° 60°
0205
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CHAPTER 13
ARABIA — SOUTH COAST — RA’S FARTAK TO RA’S AL JUNAYZ
GENERAL INFORMATION
Charts 2851, 3784, 3785, 4705 13.5
Scope of the chapter 1 During the months of November and December, a strong
13.1 NE breeze, with a short choppy sea, is not uncommon.
1 The area described in this chapter lies in the NW part of 2 Strong winds, known as Belats (1.268), are experienced
the Arabian Sea; it first describes the S coast of Yemen from between the middle of December and the middle of March.
Ra’s Fartak (15°38′N, 52°14′E) (12.152) to Ra’s
arbat ‘Al During the night, the wind occasionally falls to calm for
(78 miles NE) which lies close to the position where the about an hour after which time violent squalls from the
international boundary (13.2) between the Republic of mountains occur at intervals of a few minutes, for a period
Yemen and the Sultanate of Oman reaches the coast. of up to 5 or 6 hours. These squalls give no warning except
2 The area described then continues along the SE coast of for the noise they make passing over the water; they are
Oman from Ra’s
arbat ‘Al 16°38′N, 53°05′E) to Ra’s Al sufficiently strong to raise a heavy sea a little distance
Junayz (546 miles NE) (13.230) an area which includes the offshore. In some years they are rare, whilst in others they
Juzur Al alniyt Islands (Kuria Muria Islands) (17°30′N, are frequent and very violent. The Belat may be succeeded
56°00′E) (13.122) and Marah (20°30′N, 58°50′E) (13.180). by strong SE winds causing a considerable sea.
This chapter also includes a description of Port Salalah
(16°56′N, 54°00′E) (13.61).
Currents
13.6
1 The currents in the area covered by this chapter between
International boundary Ra’s Fartak (15°38′N, 52°14′E) and Marah (480 miles NE)
13.2 set in accordance with the prevailing monsoons.
1 The international boundary between the Republic of From April to September, the currents set NE at a mean
Yemen and the Sultanate of Oman reaches the coast in the rate of about 1 kn, and from October to March SW at a
vicinity of Ra’s
arbat ‘Al 16°38′N, 53°05′E). mean rate of about kn, but there is a considerable amount
of variation.
2 In the area which lies farther NE, between Marah
Exercise areas (20°30′N, 58°50′E) and Ra’s al add (130 miles NNE), the
13.3
sets are variable and the rates generally less than kn, the
1 Firing practice areas lie off Ra’s Hamar (16°54′N,
most common set being E from February to October, and W
53°57′E) (13.20), Ra’s Marb (16°59′N, 54°41′E) (13.20),
from November to January.
Gharzaut (17°37′N, 56°08′E) (13.136) and Ra’s Ab Ra
(20°10′N, 58°38′E) (13.145) as shown on the chart. Caution
Notice of firing practices and the areas involved are 13.7
promulgated by Coastal Warning Messages and local Notices 1 Owing to the imperfect nature of the surveys in this area
to Mariners. mariners are warned that great care must be taken when
See Appendix II. navigating between Ra’s Marb (16°59′N, 54°41′E) (13.20)
and Ra’s awqirah (128 miles ENE).
Weather See source data diagram on Chart 3785.
13.4 Off-lying dangers
1 The SW Monsoon is at its strongest and the sea at its 13.8
heaviest, especially in July, between Ra’s Marb (16°59′N, 1 Except in the approaches to Khalj Marah (19°40′N,
54°41′E) (13.20) and Marah (300 miles NE) (13.180). 58°00′E) (13.146) there are few off-lying dangers along this
During the SW Monsoon season there is always a long S stretch of coast.
swell on the coast of Arabia, but the sea is not usually so
heavy inshore as it is farther seaward. Anchorage
The weather during this period is generally very hazy, 13.9
though the sky is clear; consequently, the land does not 1 Temporary anchorage along this stretch of coast may be
become visible until quite close inshore. obtained under the lee of most of the prominent capes.
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irregular, being about 15 m high at Khalft (15°51′N, several rocky points with isolated rocks lying close to them;
52°10′E) which lies about 14 miles NNW of Ra’s Fartak; the small bays lie between these rocky points.
cliffs terminate between 4 miles or 5 miles farther N. Between Jabal Musayrah (17°09′N, 55°11′E), which
2 These high cliffs are by far the boldest escarpment on the stands about 15 miles NE of Bandar Qinqar and Jabal Nu
SE coast of Arabia, being vertical from base to summit for a (5 miles NNE) (13.17), there is a valley in which there is
distance of 6 miles N from Ra’s Fartak. No part of these some brushwood.
heights has any vegetation except near their summits, and,
what there is, grows chiefly on their W sides where the land
slopes gradually to the low plain which backs the coast on
the W side of Ghubbat Al Qamar (13.21). Weather
3 The coast between Ra’s Fartak and abt (19 miles N) 13.15
has several rocky projections; the small bays between these 1 From about the middle of June, the SW Monsoon blows
projections appear to be free from dangers. strongly and raises a heavy sea; the swell in advance of the
From SE of the settlement of Ash Shaykh al Jawhar monsoon begins to roll into Ghubbat al Qamar (13.21) in
(16°28′N, 52°29′E), near which stands a white tomb and a early April causing a heavy surf on the coast.
few huts, as far as Ra’s
arbat ‘Al 37 miles ENE) the coast 2 During this period, the coastal plains become very hot
is almost straight; mountains rise abruptly behind the coast. and oppressive; most of the inhabitants of the plains retire to
There are occasional small patches of sand along this stretch the cooler atmosphere of the mountains.
of coast. From June to September the wind occasionally blows
13.12 from the N; in the months of July and August this wind
1 Between Ra’s
arbat ‘Al 16°38′N, 53°05′E) and Ra’s may sometimes bring swarms of locusts with it.
Sajir (32 miles ENE) (13.19) the coast is backed by Jabal Al
Qamar, a range of mountains which rises up to heights of
1411 m and which approach close to the coast at Ra’s Sajir.
During the SW Monsoon these mountains are often Currents
completely enveloped in clouds for weeks. It is reported that 13.16
the sun is often not visible for days. This may explain the 1 The current, which begins to set ENE along the SE coast
extremely fertile nature of these mountains, which, although of Arabia early in April, is apparently deflected NNE near
appearing sterile from a distance, are, in fact, covered with Ra’s Fartak (15°38′N, 52°14′E) (12.152) towards the coast at
trees from base to summit. about the position of Damqawt (66 miles NNE); its average
2 A bluff, 3 miles NNE of Ra’s
arbat ‘Al, rises to an rate is about 1 kn.
elevation of 1204 m and shows up prominently when viewed During the NE Monsoon the current runs in the opposite
from the SW. At Dhalqut (16°42′N, 53°15′E), 10 miles ENE direction at a rate of 1 kn, but may set against the wind at
of Ra’s
arbat ‘Al, there is a grove of date trees. Lights are times.
exhibited from the breakwaters (16°42′⋅2N, 53°15′⋅3E) and 2 In November 1984, in an approximate position of
the Heliport lying close N. 16°52′N, 54°08′E, a current was observed to set due W at
The coast between Mn Rayst (16°56′N, 54°01′E) and 1 kn over a six hour period; the prevailing wind was light
Ra’s Marb (40 miles E) (13.20) is low and sandy for the from the SE.
first 24 miles. It then becomes cliffy. From the town of
Salalah (17°01′N, 54°06′E) to about 4 miles E, the coast is a
succession of fields and coconut groves.
3 Near the coast, about 2 miles E of the group of Principal marks
conspicuous white buildings at Salalah, there is a fresh water 13.17
lake thickly covered with bulrushes which is reported to 1 Landmarks:
have depths of about 2 m in the dry season; the entrance to Jabal Qinqar (17°02′N, 55°00′E) is a conical hill
this lake has silted up. The position of the lake may be which makes a good mark. The hill rises close N of
identified by a hill and some ruins situated at the E end of a Bandar Qinqar (13.28) and is composed of
large grove of coconut trees. limestone traversed by veins of chalk and gypsum.
13.13 Brown Hill, which rises to 149 m, stands about
1 The coast between qah (17°02′N, 54°24′E) (13.63), a 6miles WSW.
village with groves of coconut trees and cultivated ground Jabal Musayrah (17°09′N, 55°11′E) stands about
lying close W, and Marb (18 miles E), is a succession of 12 miles NE of Jabal Qinqar and is of similar
limestone cliffs about 30 m high with the Jabal Samn formation.
Range (13.56) rising gradually from about 1 mile inland. 2 Jabal Nu (17°13′N, 55°13′E), which stands about
Caves are situated on the precipices of the cliffs facing the 3 miles SW of Ra’s Nu (13.20), forms the E-most
sea. extremity of the Jabal Samn Range (13.56). The
2 Between Ra’s Marb (16°59′N, 54°41′E) (13.20) and peak resembles a bluff and is the highest and most
Ra’s Nu (38 miles ENE) (13.20) the coast is low, rocky precipitous part of the range. Jabal Nu is more
and irregular. prominent than Jabal Musayrah especially when
alawt is the name given to the plain which extends E viewed from the E; a radio mast stands about
from Marb Bay, between the coast and Jabal Samn, to 2 miles NNE of the peak.
Ra’s Nu. The plain is mostly low and barren, but a few 13.18
hills of moderate elevation rise from its surface. 1 Major light:
13.14 Nishtn Port Light (red tower with white band, 11 m
1 The coast between Ra’s Marb (16°59′N, 54°41′E) and high) (15°49′N, 52°12′E) exhibited from a position
the entrance to Bandar Qinqar (19 miles E) (13.28) has about 1 cable E of the root of the SE breakwater.
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Small quantities of fresh provisions may be obtained from (concrete pillar, 2 m high) is exhibited from the head of the
Al Ghay
ah. SE breakwater.
Local knowledge is required for the use of this
anchorage.
Function
13.32
1 The port is mainly used for the import of basic
Ghubbat al Fiz yi commodities into the E parts of Yemen.
Description Approximately 25 000 tonnes of dry cargo are handled
13.26 annually.
1 Ghubbat al Fizyi is slight indentation in the coast Topography
which is entered between Ra’s Sajir (16°45′N, 53°35′E) 13.33
(13.19) and Ra’s Hamar (24 miles ENE) (13.20). 1 See 13.11.
The shores of the bay are rocky; a rocky islet, near which
there are a number of dangerous rocks, lies close offshore Port Authority
about 8 miles NE of Ra’s Sajir. 13.34
1 The harbour is administered by Yemen Ports Authority,
Firing practice area PO Box 1316, Steamer Point, Aden, Yemen.
13.27
1 Firing practice areas lie seaward of Ghubbat al Fizyi; Limiting conditions
see 13.3.
Controlling depth
These areas are operated using a clear range procedure;
13.35
firing and exercises only take place when the ranges are
1 The 5 m depth contour extends E across the harbour from
clear of all shipping.
the head of the W breakwater to the inner part of the E
Notice of firing practices are promulgated by Oman
breakwater.
Notices to Mariners in most cases, and, if necessary, by radio
navigational warnings. Deepest berth
13.36
Bandar Qinqar 1 The commercial berths, situated at the outer end of the E
breakwater, can handle vessels up to a maximum draught of
Description 5⋅5 m.
13.28
1 Bandar Qinqar (17°00′N, 55°00′E) is entered Tidal levels
approximately midway along the stretch of coast which lies 13.37
between Ra’s Marb (16°59′N, 54°41′E) (13.20) and Ra’s 1 See information in Admiralty Tide Tables, Volume 3.
Nu (37 miles ENE) (13.20); the entrance to the inlet is Mean spring range about 1⋅3 m; mean neap range about
about 2 miles wide and it extends about 1 miles N. 0⋅4 m.
A dangerous rock lies on the E side of the inlet. Maximum size of vessels handled
The coastal village of ad is situated about 4 miles NE 13.38
of the inlet. 1 The port can accommodate vessels of up to 3000 dwt,
Anchorage with an overall length of 90 m and a draught of 5⋅5 m.
13.29 Local weather
1 Small vessels may obtain anchorage, sheltered from the 13.39
NE and E but open to the S and SW, within the inlet, in 1 Strong SW Monsoon winds are experienced between the
depths from about 15 to 29 m, rock and sand. middle of May and the middle of September; during this
Local knowledge is required for the use of this period waves may break over the E breakwater.
anchorage. Between October and April the prevailing winds are from
the NE.
Between July and September Nishtn is exposed to heavy
NISHT N
sandstorms.
2 Caution. During the SW Monsoon the swell penetrates
General information
the harbour and vessels are advised to put out extra
Chart 3784 plan of Nishtøn moorings and to maintain a continuous deck watch.
Position See also 13.4 and 13.15.
13.30
1 The Port of Nishtn (15°49′N, 52°12′E) is situated in the Arrival information
NW corner of the Arabian Sea, on the S coast of the Port operations
Republic of Yemen, about 455 miles ENE of the Port of 13.40
Aden (12.26). 1 Cargo may be worked throughout the year within the
harbour, but it may be affected by strong winds during the
Description SW Monsoon.
13.31
1 Nishtn is a small commercial and fishing port, protected Port radio
by two breakwaters, situated on the NE side of a small 13.41
sandy bay about 11 miles N of Ra’s Fartak (15°38′N, 1 The Port of Nishtn Radio, which controls the operations
52°14′E) (12.152). of the port, may be contacted between the hours of 0700
Nishtn Port Light (15°49′N, 52°12′E) (13.18) is and 1400. For further information, see Admiralty List of
exhibited from a position close E of the port; a further light Radio Signals, Volume 6 (3).
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A radio mast (red obstruction lights) (16°59′⋅1N, the chart, lies off the town with Ra’s Marb (13.20) bearing
54°41′⋅7E) stands about 1 km NE of Ra’s Marb about 188°, distant 7 cables, in depths from about 13 to
(13.20). A ruined tomb and a fort lie ESE of Ra’s 15 m.
Marb. 2 A sugarloaf peak (not charted), which stands about
Anchorages 8 miles E of Jabal Daw‘an (13.59), bearing 057°, leads
13.60 towards the anchorage in Marb Bay. This peak makes a
1 Marb Bay affords good sheltered anchorage except from good landmark but it does not stand as high as the rest of
winds between S and W. The best anchorage, as shown on the Jabal Samn Range (13.56).
PORT SALALAH
General information Hamar (16°54′N, 53°57′E) (13.20), and on the E by the
Charts 2895, 2896 high land which lies within the village of qah (28 miles
Position ENE), and on the N by the curve of the coastal range of
13.61 mountains. The plain is the largest of the lowland tracts
1 Port Salalah (Mn Rayst) (Port Rayst) (16°56′N, which lie between the coast and the mountains along this
54°00′E) is situated in the NW part of the Arabian Sea on coast; it is one of the most fertile districts on the S coast of
the S coast of the Sultanate of Oman, about 39 miles W of Arabia.
Ra’s Marb (13.20). 13.64
1 Salalah (17°01′N, 54°06′E) is the principal trading centre
Function and the seat of Government for Dhufr Province; the town
13.62 consists of stone buildings surrounded by palm groves
1 Port Salalah is the deep-water port for the town of Salalah which, from seaward, give the coast in this vicinity a fresh
which lies about 6 miles NE. The main imports include green appearance.
building materials, cattle feed, grain, steel pipes, sodium 13.65
chloride, bulk fuel and general cargoes. The main exports 1 Ad Dahariz (17°01′N, 54°10′E) is a village situated on
include bulk cement, bagged cement and mud products. the coast and is surrounded by several watch towers; on its
The port also provides berths for smaller vessels and W side there are some cotton fields and a grove of coconut
fishing craft. trees.
Topography East Khawr, a salt water lagoon, is situated close E of Ad
13.63 Dahariz.
1 Between Mn Rayst (16°56′N, 54°01′E) and Salalah 2 From Ad Dahariz as far as qah (14 miles E) there is no
(6 miles NE) the coast is a succession of green fields, cultivation on the coast, the ground is swampy and covered
coconut groves and buildings; mountains rise in the interior. with mangroves.
Considerable construction work has taken place along this Khawr Sawl, a fresh water lake, lies W of qah; Khawr
stretch of coast. Rawr, a similar but brackish lake which has a perceptible
2 Dhufr Plain lies N of Port Salalah and Salalah and is tidal rise and fall, lies 2 miles E of the town. The lake is
bounded on the W by the high land which lies within Ra’s separated from the sea by a narrow ridge of sand.
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Breakwater Entrance
Port Salalah from E (13.88)
(Original dated 2003)
(Photograph − Crown Copyright)
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3 Caution. It is reported that a current sets across the berths, numbered 21 to 28, with alongside depths from 9⋅5
harbour entrance from S to N which should be carefully to 4⋅6 m.
monitored during the monsoon period.
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elevation of 91 m. It is especially conspicuous when 4 Steep cliffs terminate about 7 miles N of Ra’s Muntajib
the sun shines on it, thence: (17°41′N, 55°23′E), a bluff headland which forms the N
4 SE of Ra’s al Madrakah (19°00′N, 57°50′E) a dark entrance point to Ghubbat ad Dawm (13.115). The high land
steep-to cape, with a rocky islet close NE of it, then recedes to between 2 miles to 3 miles inland from the
which is situated about 3 miles NE of Ra’s coast from where a beach extends 13 miles E; an abandoned
Khushayyim; a stranded wreck lies close NNW of fishing village lies near-by. A distinctive white sandhill is
the point. The land in the vicinity of this cape piled up against the cliff at the W end of the beach where
consists of black volcanic peaks with flat-topped there is a rock reef which affords the only shelter for the
hills, about 137 m high, in the background; from launching of boats in a heavy swell.
seaward Ra’s al Madrakah appears like an island. 5 The land behind the abandoned village is a low plateau,
Lookout Hill, which stands about 400 m W of the 30 m high, dipping towards the E and reaching the coastal
extremity of the cape, is a remarkable circular plain level at a position 4 miles E at which point (17°51′N,
hummock, 140 m high, which forms the summit of 55°29′E) there lies a conspicuous stranded wreck. Behind the
the cape. From a distance the land nearby appears plateau are low foothills fronting the distinctive, high,
to consist of small detached hummocks, but, from limestone cliffs of Jabal Zaulaul. The plain to the E is
closer, these hummocks are seen to be connected mostly gravel dotted with bushes.
with Lookout Hill. 13.108
(Directions continue at 13.144) 1 The village of Shuwmyah (17°53′N, 55°36′E) is the
only centre of population in this area; a distinctive minaret
Anchorage stands at the W end of the village. The plain E of the village
is mainly sand with isolated caps of sandstone.
Chart 3785 plan of Madrakah Anchorage Dark Point of Shuwmyah (17°53′N, 55°43′E) (not
13.105 charted) presumably named because of its dark appearance,
1 During the SW Monsoon, good anchorage may be is a high, bluff headland which should not be confused with
obtained N of Ra’s al Madrakah (19°00′N, 57°50′E), as Ra’s ash Shuwmyah which lies about 9 miles farther E; a
shown on the plan, with the N extremity of the rocky islet white stone building is situated about 4 miles WNW of the
distant about 4 cables. point.
The stranded wreck of a tug lies on the coastal bank 2 Between Dark Point of Shuwmyah and Ra’s Minji
about 1 miles NW of the rocky islet. (22 miles E) the coast is steep-to and is formed of steep
Local knowledge. Small vessels, with the aid of local cliffs backed by a tableland between about 180 and 220 m
knowledge, may anchor closer in but a long swell may be high. There are tidal overfalls between Ra’s ash Shuwmyah
experienced in this area. (17°53′N, 55°53′E) and Ra’s Minji (12 miles E) a slightly
projecting bluff which rises to an elevation of about 210 m.
INLETS AND BAYS 3 The coast E of Ra’s Minji (17°55′N, 56°06′E) is fronted
by a bank, with a least depth over it of 3⋅7 m, which extends
Khal j Al al niy t (Kuria Muria Bay) about 13 miles E and up to 1 miles offshore.
From a position about 2 miles E of Ra’s Minji the cliffs
Chart 3785 gradually decrease in height, and, after 2 miles they terminate
Description about 1 mile inland. The next 7 miles of coast, nearly as far
13.106 as Ra’s Qarww, is low and sandy and forms Bandar
1 Khalj Al alniyt (Kuria Muria Bay) (17°45′N, Sharbitht (not charted by name).
55°50′E) is entered between Ra’s Nu (17°15′N, 55°16′E) 4 Ra’s Qarww (17°56′N, 56°16′E) is a bluff table-topped
(13.20) and Ra’s Sharbitht (75 miles NE) (13.104). headland over 240 m high with precipitous sides. It is
The Juzur Al alniyt group of islands, which lie in the composed of a type of sandstone over a horizontal stratum
approach to the bay, are described at 13.122. of chalk. A tongue of sand runs down the cliffs close W of
Ra’s Qarww which are here fronted by a strip of low land
Topography
with off-lying rocks. A small, bright red, salt water lake is
13.107
situated at the W end of this strip of low land.
1 The shores of the bay are a succession of limestones cliffs
and sandy beaches; there are no villages of any importance
within the bay. Weather
The coast of the bay between Ra’s Nu (17°15′N, 13.109
55°16′E) and Ra’s sik (10 miles N) is steep-to; a wooded 1 The winds and weather in Khalj Al alniyt (17°45′N,
valley lies in the vicinity of Ra’s Hallan (not charted by 55°50′E) appear to be more boisterous and variable than
name), a point which lies about 4 miles NNE of Ra’s as elsewhere on this coast. The N wind, known as the Belat, is
Samn (13.113). strong and changes of wind may be sudden, giving little or
2 The coast in the vicinity of Ra’s sik (17°24′N, no warning.
55°18′E) presents a striking scene comprised of unbroken 2 In the vicinity of Khalj Al alniyt the SW Monsoon is
limestone mountains, with the sharp peaks of granite ranges. said by the local inhabitants to set in with heavy squalls, rain
This part of the coast has a barren appearance from seaward, and thunderstorms. During this period the local inhabitants
no vegetation being visible, but, when on shore, the valleys do not go to sea; larger craft do go to sea early in June, after
are seen to be well-wooded and watered. the first burst of the monsoon, and again towards the end of
3 Bandar sik is a small bay on the N side of Ra’s sik August when the monsoon is considered to be finished.
(13.103). In a valley near the head of the bay is a marsh
which was formerly an inlet but is now separated from the Anchorage
sea by a ridge of sand. A few stunted trees are scattered 13.110
about this marsh, while the valley situated higher up is 1 Anchorage has been obtained with Dark Point of
densely wooded. sik is a village situated in this valley. Shuwmyah (17°53′N, 55°43′E) (13.108) bearing 082°,
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distant 3 miles, and about 5 cables offshore, in a depth of The shores of the bay are low and sandy with a few
20 m, but inshore of this position depths decrease rapidly. mangrove bushes; the village of Qayad, is situated about
13.111 12 miles N of Ra’s awqirah, otherwise this part of the coast
1 Small vessels may obtain shelter during periods of N is sparsely populated.
winds close S of Ra’s sik (17°24′N, 55°18′E) (13.103). 2 A shoal bank, which borders the coast from about 6 miles
Small vessels may also obtain anchorage, sheltered from S N of Ra’s awqirah as far as Ra’s Khushayyim, has depths
winds, in Bandar sik (13.107) in a position close offshore over it of less than 20 m with depths of 11 m close to its
in depths from 9 to 22 m. outer edge which lies up to nearly 13 miles offshore; there
Local knowledge is required for the use of both of these are usually strong ripples over this bank. Ruqq al Jzir is a
anchorages. rocky part of the W side of the shoal bank, that nearly dries;
13.112 in 1987 less water than charted was reported to lie over the
1 Good anchorage for small vessels may also be obtained in bank.
Bandar Sharbitht (13.108) in depths from 9 to 18 m, sand.
Local craft often anchor here to shelter from N winds. Weather
Anchorage has been obtained about 6 miles E of Ra’s 13.117
Minji (17°55′N, 56°06′E) and 1 mile offshore in a depth of 1 During the NE Monsoon there is always a heavy swell in
about 13 m, sand and weed. Dawat awqirah with a surf on the coast.
Local knowledge is required for the use of the Al Lakbi
anchorages within Bandar Sharbitht. 13.118
1 Al Lakbi (18°11′N, 56°33′E) is a fishing harbour situated
Bandar Nu
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In 1985 the islands were being generally developed with may be approached to within 5 cables to avoid the
construction being undertaken on fishing harbours, schools below-water rocks which extend up to 3 miles W from the
and hospitals. W end of Al sikyah.
Depths in the centre of this passage are irregular.
Current
13.123 Anchorage
1 The currents in the vicinity of Juzur Al alniyt vary 13.129
greatly, but frequently set NW. 1 Small vessels may obtain good anchorage in the small
bay on the S side of the island. This anchorage is sheltered
Tidal stream except from winds between S and WSW.
13.124 Local knowledge is required for the use of this
1 During the period of the in-going tidal stream its direction anchorage.
is E-going S of the Juzur Al alniyt and W-going N of
the islands.
Al all n yah
Exercise area
13.125
Description
1 See 13.3. 13.130
1 Al allnyah (17°30′N, 56°00′E) is the largest island of
the Juzur Al alniyt group of islands and has a generally
Al sik yah rugged appearance. The middle part of the island has granite
Description peaks the highest of which has an elevation of 503 m.
13.126 The island is extremely barren, the only trees being
1 Al sikyah (17°28′N, 55°36′E) is the W-most island of tamarisks; there is a little grass on its E side.
the Juzur Al alniyt group of islands (13.122) and rises in 2 Ra’s al allnyah (17°33′N, 56°03′E) forms the N
conical peaks at its SW end to an elevation of about 155 m, extremity of the island and also its summit, being itself a
from where a rocky elevated plateau extends NE. Al bold, projecting, limestone bluff; the coast in this vicinity is
sikyah is mainly composed of granite with bands of rugged and nearly vertical for 1 mile on each side of this
volcanic conglomerate. point. A bank, with a least depth over it of 5⋅5 m extends up
2 A drying rocky shoal lies about 5 cables from the NW to 1 mile NW from the coast on the SW side of Ra’s al
side of the island; depths of 29 m lie between the shoal and allnyah.
the island. A shoal, with a least depth over it of 18⋅3 m, 3 Erekhi Frahunt (not charted by name) forms the W
extends N from the N side of the island. extremity of the island; the point is comparatively low with
The only landing place on the island is in a bay, with two some small islets and many dangers lying up to 3 miles W
hills on its E side, situated near the S end of the SE side of of the point.
the island; there are off-lying rocks in the bay, and a fine, Shoals and rocks lie off the S coast of the island; a reef
steep-to, gravel beach at its head. fringes the SE side of the island.
3 No fresh water has been found on the island though water 13.131
courses, falling from the rocky elevated plateau through 1 Communications. A airstrip is situated on the W
rocky gullies and gorges to the shore, evidently run strongly extremity of Al allnyah, from where flights connect with
at times. Salalah (13.64).
The island forms a breeding colony for the masked
booby, a sea bird; fish abound in the waters surrounding the Anchorage
island. 13.132
1 The best anchorage off Al allnyah lies off its N side
about 3 miles WSW of Ra’s al allnyah (17°33′N,
As Sawd ‘
56°03′E) and 2 cables off a sandy cove, but this anchorage
Description is open to E winds, through N to W. A conical peak rises
13.127 from the W entrance to the cove; in 1967 there was a flag
1 As Sawd‘ (17°30′N, 55°51′E) lies about 12 miles E of staff on its summit. In 1965, this anchorage was approached
Al sikyah (13.126) and rises to an elevation of 399 m on a course of 150°, the bottom shelving uniformly in this
near its middle, which then slopes irregularly towards the approach.
coasts. 2 In 1967 anchorage was obtained with Ra’s al allnyah
The island is barren, with no trees except tamarisks, with bearing 065°, and the conical peak on the W side of the
only a small quantity of grass and moss growing near its sandy cove bearing 196°. This anchorage berth was 2 cables
summit. offshore on a bottom of sand with some coral patches; little
2 Many small points project from the shores of the island, or no tidal stream was experienced.
with reefs extending from about 90 to 270 m off them, 13.133
forming coves. 1 The landing beach in the sandy cove is steep-to; there is
A small bay on the S side of the island has a ledge of another landing place with gentle gradients in a small cove
rocks which extends 3 cables SW of its E entrance point; entered about 7cables farther ENE.
there is a below-water rock a short distance from its W Sea snakes, stingrays and barracuda were all observed
entrance point. In the middle of the bay there are depths of close inshore in this vicinity.
18 m, decreasing towards the shore.
Ghubbat ar Rahib
Passage between As Sawd ‘ and Al sik yah 13.134
13.128 1 Ghubbat ar Rahib (not charted by name) is a bay entered
1 If passing between As Sawd‘ and Al sikyah N of Ra’s Sayyir (17°30′N, 56°05′E) the low E extremity of
(17°28′N, 55°36′E) (13.126) keep close to As Sawd‘ which Al allnyah; some dangerous rocks are reported to lie NW
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of Ra’s Sayyir on the S side of the bay; a dangerous wreck and rocky island except for a small sandy bay at its NW
also lies in this area. point.
13.135 There are several limestone peaks on this island which
1 Anchorage. Small vessels may obtain good anchorage show up well from all directions, the highest of which
within Ghubbat ar Rahib which is sheltered from the SE, attains an elevation of 171 m.
through S, to the NW, in depths from 13 to 26 m. 2 Four Peaked Rock, which lies 1 mile NNW of Al
Local knowledge is required for the use of this Qiblyah, is 30 m high, and is so named from its shape. The
anchorage. channel between Al Qiblyah and Four Peaked Rock is
During the height of the SW Monsoon, heavy SW squalls rocky with depths from 3⋅7 to 5⋅5 m lying within it; a rocky
blow down from the gully between the hills and a ledge, on which stand four above-water rocks, extends
considerable sea sets into the bay, at which time the 5 cables NW of Four Peaked Rock.
anchorage off the N side of the island is preferable. 13.138
1 Well Rock (13.104) lies 5 cables SSW of the SW
Gharzaut extremity of Al Qiblyah.
Tilly Rock (not charted by name), which lies 1 miles E
Description of Al Qiblyah, has a least depth over it of 5⋅5 m; a drying
13.136 rock, over which the sea usually breaks, lies 2 miles
1 Gharzaut (17°37′N, 56°08′E), which lies about 6 miles farther E.
NE of Ra’s al allnyah (17°33′N, 56°03′E), is a rocky Care must be taken to give these two rocks a wide berth
islet, with a double peak 70 m high; the base of this islet as they are steep-to and the depths in their vicinity are
consists of four red granite rocks grouped closely together. irregular. Four Peaked Rock, bearing less than 280°, and
A dangerous below-water rock lies 1 cables WNW of well open N of Al Qiblyah, clears them to the N.
Gharzaut; a further dangerous rock lies about 140 m NW of
the island. There are depths from about 14 to 30 m between
the islet and this outer rock.
Anchorage
Drying rocks are situated close off the SE part of the 13.139
islet. 1 Small vessels may obtain anchorage on the N side of Al
Qiblyah. A long scope of cable is required as the bottom is
loose decayed coral and is an indifferent holding ground.
Al Qibl yah
Similar anchorage may be obtained off the S side off Al
Description Qiblyah in depths of 22 m with Well Rock (13.104) bearing
13.137 about 248° and the W extremity of the island bearing 293°.
1 Al Qiblyah (17°30′N, 56°20′E) which lies about 13 miles Local knowledge is required for the use of both of these
E of Al allnyah (17°30′N, 56°00′E) (13.130) is a barren anchorages.
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considerable swell sets over these dangers such that, Between Ra’s Markaz (19°09′N, 57°48′E) (13.144) and
in bad weather, the sea probably breaks over the Ra’s Khaisat al Liykh (3 miles NW) there is a small bay,
shallower parts, and: with a sandy beach, having lofty cliffs a short distance
5 SE of a shoal (19°17′N, 58°17′E) (reported 2001) with within it; this part of the coast is fringed by a drying
a least depth over it of 24 m; a further shoal sandbank. Ra’s Khaisat al Liykh is a bluff which is difficult
(position approximate) (reported 1975), with a least to identify until close to it.
depth over it of 16⋅5 m lies about 4 miles W. In 2 From Ra’s Khaisat al Liykh (19°12′N, 57°45′E) the
2001 it was reported that less water than charted lies coast is steep-to and extends in an unbroken line of vertical
over the whole of this area. A shoal with a least cliffs for 14 miles N to Ra’s al ‘ni, a bluff projection 85 m
depth over it of 18⋅7 m (2004) lies in 19°41′⋅7N, high. The line of cliffs then continues to Ra’s Matth,
58°09′⋅3E. Thence: another, but smaller, bluff projection, 70 m high, which lies
6 SE of Shi‘b Bu Sifa (19°55′N, 58°15′E) an extensive, about 3 miles NNW of Ra’s al ‘ni. The cliffs then
dangerous coral reef on which there are many continue for a farther 9 miles N to the cape of Ra’s Duqm
dangerous rocks, which lies in the N part of Khalj (Ra’s Quwayrt); from 5 miles N of Ras Matth, the cliffs
Marah (13.146); shoal depths lie between the bank are fringed by a sandy beach. A low peninsula, with a small
and Ra’s Ab Ra (13.145). Thence: mound on its N end, extends a short distance N of Ra’s
13.145 Duqm; the cape is easily identified by this feature.
1 Passing: 3 Duqm (19°40′N, 57°42′E) is an important village situated
SE of a detached shoal (19°57′N, 58°25′E), with a close W of Ra’s Duqm.
least depth over it of 18⋅4 m; a further detached 13.148
shoal, with least depth over it of 17⋅8 m lies about 1 Between Nafun (19°48′N, 57°44′E) and Ra’s Saidarah
5 miles NNE, thence: (5 miles NNE) the coast is alternately sandy and cliffy. Ra’s
2 SE of Ra’s Ab Ra (20°10′N, 58°38′E) a low, Saidarah is low and inconspicuous; a village, with a date
barren point, fringed with low-lying dangerous grove, stands on the point. Immediately inland there are
rocks; the point forms the S extremity of Marah several groups of conical hills.
(13.180). A dangerous wreck lies 6 cables ENE of 2 The coast is sandy for about 2 miles N of Ra’s Saidarah
the point; Jabal al ilm (South Cone) stands 2 miles (19°53′N, 57°46′E) and is then cliffy as far as Ra’s Nakharir
NNE of the point, thence: (Ra’s Naqrair) (6 miles NNE); a steep bluff, 160 m high,
SE of Ra’s Dharri (Ra’s arr) (20°13′N, 58°43′E), a stands a short distance SW of Ra’s Nakharir.
small rocky projection. Thence: 3 Between Ra’s Nakharir (19°59′N, 57°49′E) and Ra’s
3 SE of Ra’s Kaydah (20°17′N, 58°47′E), another small Sarab (Ra’s irb) (13 miles N), a low, sandy and
rocky projection; a remarkable conical hill, about inconspicuous point with a village situated nearby, the coast
20 m high, rises close to the point; from the E, this consists of a sandy beach with a range of hills between
hill appears to have two peaks. A coral shoal, with 215 m and 240 m high rising steeply inland from it.
a least depth over it of 5⋅1 m, lies about 1 miles E
Off-lying islet
of the point; when the sea is smooth there is no
13.149
indication of the presence of shoal water, but, with
1 Hamr an Nafur (amar an Nafr) (19°47′N, 57°48′E) is
the slightest swell, the sea breaks heavily on it. See
a small islet which lies about 4 miles E of Nafun (13.148).
tidal streams at 13.183 and caution at 13.143,
The islet has vertical limestone cliffs; its summit, which
thence:
attains an elevation of 90 m, is flat and split in all directions;
4 SE of Ra’s R
um (20°26′N, 58°50′E), thence:
many seabirds roost here.
SE of Ra’s al Y’ (20°31′N, 58°58′E) a prominent
Some below-water rocks lie close offshore on its E and
bluff which forms the E-most extremity of Marah
W sides.
(13.180); the bluff rises to a ridge of hills which
The channel between the islet and the coast has depths in
extend W to the middle of the island. Drying and
the fairway from 5⋅5 to 11 m and is free from dangers.
dangerous off-lying rocks lie between Ra’s al Y’
and Ra’s Za‘farnt (1 miles SSW); a sandy beach Cautions
lies about 1 mile WSW of Ra’s Za‘farnt. A 13.150
conspicuous white house is situated about 1500 m 1 A near approach to Khalj Marah should be avoided
WNW of Ra’s al Y’. when navigating along the SE coast of Oman.
(Directions continue at 13.229) At times, especially during the period of the in-going tide,
there is an in-draught in the vicinity of the many dangers
that lie within the gulf.
INLETS AND BAYS During strong winds there is always a heavy swell in the
gulf causing the sea to break heavily over many parts of the
Khal j Ma
rah numerous banks which lie within.
13.151
Chart 3785
1 A bank, with a least depth of 5⋅8 m over it, extends
Description WSW from Ra’s Ab Ra (20°10′N, 58°38′E) (13.145) to
13.146 Shi‘b Bu Sifa (21 miles WSW) (13.144). Mariners are
1 Khalj Marah (19°40′N, 58°00′E) is a large gulf entered advised to navigate with extreme caution in waters of charted
between Ra’s al Madrakah (19°00′N, 57°50′E) (13.104) and depths of less than 50 m.
Ra’s Ab Ra (84 miles NE) (13.145). See the source data diagram on Chart 3785.
Topography Flow
13.147 13.152
1 The shores of the gulf are desolate and are sparsely 1 Current. Between April and September, the current
populated. usually sets N along and parallel with, the coast from Ra’s al
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2 Between Ra’s al Jazrah (20°34′⋅4N, 58°56′⋅3E) and Ra’s At night, in the spring, very large numbers of turtles
Qudfah (7 miles NNW) the coast forms a bay, fringed by a come ashore to lay their eggs.
shallow bank, which extends up to 1miles offshore and Sperm whales, sharks, barracuda and crayfish are reported
over which there are depths of less than 10 m. to be numerous in the waters off the island.
A dangerous rock lies on the SE part of the shallow Lizards, snakes and scorpions exist on the island; in the S
bank, about 2 miles NNW of Jazrat Thukhayr; the sea part there is a small, protected, herd of gazelle. There are
breaks over this rock and the shallow bank with a moderate also a few sheep, goats, camels and donkeys on the island.
swell.
13.186
1 North coast. Ra’s Qudfah (20°41′N, 58°55′E) is a rocky Government
point which forms the NE extremity of Marah; Jabal 13.191
Qudfah, which stands about 750 m W of the point, is black 1 An Administrator for the island is appointed by the
topped and rises to an elevation of 46 m. Sultanate of Oman. A hereditary Sheikh has dwellings on
Between Ra’s Qudfah and West Horn Reef (1 miles the E coast of the island.
WNW) the coast is fringed by rocky outcrops, reefs and
isolated rocks, with fissured inlets running between them to Local weather
the high waterline. 13.192
13.187 1 The climate of Marah between November and March is
1 East Horn Reef (20°41′⋅7N, 58°54′⋅4E) is a reef
both agreeable and healthy, being pleasantly hot during the
promontory NW of Ra’s Qudfah. Radio towers stand on the day but cool at night when a heavy dew forms.
coast S of the reef; a group of three radio towers (red lights, During the SW Monsoon, the climate is similar to other
107 m high) stand close to the coast and are particularly
places in Arabia being hot, humid and rather unpleasant.
conspicuous. 13.193
2 West Horn Reef (20°41′⋅9N, 58°53′⋅6E) is a reef 1 Climatic table. See 1.275 and 1.290.
promontory situated off the N extremity of Marah, ENE of
Ra’s ilf (13.188). A beacon stands on the coast between
these reefs near the change of the direction of the oil Principal marks
pipeline which serves the offshore tanker berth (13.210); a 13.194
further beacon stands 650 m SSW. 1 Landmarks:
3 The foreshore between West Horn Reef and Ra’s ilf is Jabal ash Shabbah (20°31′⋅9N, 58°54′⋅1E) stands on
sand with occasional isolated rocks about 1 cable offshore; the N part of Marah and is a prominent feature
with the influence of tides and weather this stretch of the when seen from the N or NE; Jabal Madhrb
coast is liable to inundation and change. (2 miles NW) is a rounded hill, 150 m high.
13.188 2 Jabal ilf (20°39′⋅6N, 58°52′⋅8E) is a prominent hill of
1 Island Reef (20°42′⋅2N, 58°53′⋅4E) is a drying reef a blackish colour which stands on the W side of the
situated about 1 miles ENE of Ra’s ilf and on which the N tip of Marah. Two conspicuous radar scanners
sea breaks in most weather conditions; a dangerous wreck are situated close together on the N slope of the hill
awash lies about 1 cables NNE of the reef. about 300 m NW of its summit.
Ra’s ilf (20°41′⋅4N, 58°52′⋅3E) forms the NW corner of A tank farm (20°41′⋅3N, 58°52′⋅5E) close E of Ra’s
Marah, and, due to the effect of wind and weather, is liable ilf (13.188) is conspicuous from seaward and
to rapid change. On the N side of the point lies a small gives a good radar return.
drying area of foul ground which contains masonry blocks 13.195
and steel structures. A conspicuous tank farm (13.194) stands 1 Light:
on the point. An aero light (20°40′⋅3N, 58°53′⋅3E) is exhibited from
the control tower of the airfield which occupies the
N end of Marah. There are numerous radio towers
and masts all of which are marked by red lights.
Topography These lights are generally lost in the background
13.189 glow from the airfield.
1 The island, which is barren and sterile, is mostly hilly,
especially on its E side where a range of hills of volcanic
Umm ar Ra
Bight
formation extend for nearly its entire length being separated
from the coast by a narrow sandy plain. There is a
remarkable steep plateau near the middle of this range on the Chart 3519
NE side of the island. Description
2 On the W side of the island, between its S extremity and 13.196
Dawwah (20°33′N, 58°48′E) there are a few outcrops of low 1 Umm ar Ra Bight (20°27′N, 58°45′E) is a bay situated
hills which are separated from the E range by an extensive in the middle of the W side of Marah (13.180). The bight,
sandy plain on which there are several hillocks. which is encumbered by a drying bank, is shallow with
3 Between Dawwah, one of the main villages of Marah small boat channels leading through the dangers which lie
which stands in a date grove close to the coast and Jabal within.
ilf (5 miles NNE) (13.194); there is a flat plain extending 2 Jazrat A‘ Shaghpah (13.179) is an islet within the bight
to the NE hills. standing on the drying bank.
13.190 Qaryat r Marah (20°25′N, 58°44′E) is a village, with
1 Vegetation is very sparse, brackish water is reported a mosque, situated close in from the coast on the S side of
obtainable by digging in the inland wadis; there are a few the bight; af‘iq, Al am and Umm ar Ruay are further
springs in the centre of the island. villages on the E side of the bight. The existence of the
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charted ruin close NW of Al am has been reported to be Jaz rat Bin Quwaysim
doubtful. Chart 2854
13.197
Description
1 Khawr umr as Saghrah (20°25′⋅6N, 58°44′⋅7E) is a
13.203
small bay situated in the S part of Umm ar Ra Bight.
1 Jazrat Bin Quwaysim (20°37′N, 58°48′E) is a small islet
which lies about 2 miles off the NW coast of Marah
(13.180) on the E side of an extensive reef, most of which
Landmark dries.
13.198
1 Jabal af‘iq (20°26′⋅3N, 58°46′⋅8E) a conical hill Kin sat ilf
which shows up well from the W.
Description
13.204
1 Kinsat ilf (20°41′⋅2N, 58°50′⋅2E) is a shoal, parts of
Anchorages
which dry, which lies at the S end of the coastal flat
13.199
opposite Ra’s ilf (13.188).
1 Anchorage for small vessels may be obtained about
3 miles NNW of the village of Umm ar Ruay (20°28′⋅4N, ilf
58°47′⋅3E) in a depth of about 5⋅5 m with a ruined tower
close SE of the village bearing 142°, and Jabal Qrin Position
(20°22′⋅7N, 58°41′⋅2E) (13.173) bearing 207°, or in depths 13.205
of about 7 to 8 m a little farther offshore. 1 The town of ilf (20°39′N, 58°52′E) is situated on the W
2 Small vessels may also obtain anchorage in depths from side of the N end of Marah (13.180).
5⋅2 to 5⋅5 m, as shown on the chart, about 8 cables WNW of Description
Ra’s Shaghaf (20°31′⋅1N, 58°47′⋅1E). 13.206
An anchorage, used by local craft, lies in the SW part of 1 ilf is a small, modern commercial town and fishing port.
Umm ar Ra Bight. The port is formed by a rubble breakwater which extends
Local knowledge is required for the use of these about 3 cables NW from the shore close S of the town; the
anchorages. outer end of the breakwater curves N then E to form a small
13.200 harbour which serves the fish factory situated at the root of
1 Good anchorage may also be obtained a short distance the breakwater.
offshore from the village of Dawwah (13.189), in depths of 2 A pier, with a T-head, for use by trawlers and coasters,
about 5⋅5 m, with the palm trees close N of the village extends NW from the outer knuckle of the breakwater; lights
bearing 112°. Shoal patches, with depths of less than 5 m are exhibited from both the breakwater and the jetty.
over them lie close to this anchorage berth.
Topography
13.207
1 See 13.182.
Rounders Bay Local weather
13.208
1 During the SW Monsoon between May and September,
Description and during N gales which occur between November and
13.201 March, a swell up to 3 m high prevails N of Marah
1 Rounders Bay lies in the SW part of Marah (13.180) (13.180).
and is entered between Ra’s usaylfah (20°12′⋅5N, Caution. Charted depths may be significantly reduced
58°37′⋅8E) and Ra’s anaghah (1 mile NNW) (13.176). The due to this heavy swell; mariners are advised against
bay is shallow and is encumbered by a number of dangers. attempting passage to Ra’s ilf Inner Anchorage (13.216)
A number of huts are situated on the shore in the SE part under these conditions.
of the bay. See also 13.4 and 13.15.
Ra’s Ab Zabl is a point of land near the middle of the Communications
head of the bay. 13.209
2 Bant Murshid (20°12′⋅7N, 58°37′⋅1E) is an above-water 1 An airfield is situated across the N end of Marah.
rock which lies in the approaches to Rounders Bay, about
7 cables WNW of Ra’s usaylfah; the rock is surrounded Ra’s ilf Tanker Berth
by drying and dangerous rocks over which the sea breaks
Position
except in a flat calm. Another small islet, 0⋅6 m high, lies
13.210
about 4 cables ESE of Bant Murshid and NW of Ra’s
1 Ra’s ilf Tanker Berth (20°42′⋅8N, 58°54′⋅5E) is situated
usaylfah.
off the N tip of Marah (13.180) about 1 miles NNW of
Ra’s Qudfah (13.186).
Anchorage Description
13.202 13.211
1 A good anchorage for small vessels may be obtained, as 1 The berth consists of a submarine pipeline, marked by a
shown on the chart, in the SW approach to Rounders Bay buoy (red spherical), which extends just over 1 mile NNE
about 4 cables SE of Bant Murshid (20°12′⋅7N, 58°37′⋅1E) from the N coast of Marah.
in depths from about 9⋅0 to 11⋅0 m. Two further buoys (orange spherical) are moored about
Local knowledge is required for the use of this 1 cable ENE and 1 cable S; mooring buoys are laid close W
anchorage. of the outer end of the pipeline.
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An Approach Light-buoy (red and white spherical, sphere Care should be taken, with a N-going tidal stream, to
topmark) is moored 3 cables WNW of the outer end of the avoid being set N towards the shoals which lie close N of
pipeline. the buoyed fairway.
13.212
1 Beacons. A beacon (triangular topmark, apex up)
(20°41′⋅7N, 58°54′⋅0E) stands near the coast between East
Horn Reef (13.187), and West Horn Reef (13.187). Landmark
A further beacon (square topmark) stands about 650 m 13.220
SSW. 1 ilf Fish Factory (20°38′⋅7N, 58°52′⋅1E), a low, black
building with a conspicuous black tower is situated
at the root of the rubble breakwater which extends
Approaches about 3 cables NW from the shore close S of the
13.213 town of ilf (13.205).
1 Off-lying danger. A coastal flat, over which there are
depths of less than 5 m, extends N from the N end of
Marah to E of Ra’s ar Ru‘ays (20°57′N, 58°48′E) and
forms the principal danger in the approach from the N to Directions
Ra’s ilf Tanker Berth; the sea breaks heavily over this flat 13.221
during the NE Monsoon and during periods of bad weather. 1 From the N, the principle danger is the coastal flat. To
Shoals, with least depths over them of 2⋅1 m, lie on the avoid this flat, keep well to seaward until Ra’s Qudfah
coastal flat, N of the tip of Marah. (20°41′N, 58°55′E) (13.186) can be approached from NE.
13.214 See 13.213.
1 Directions. In 1982 it was reported that making the When about 2 miles N of Ra’s Qudfah alter course to
approach from the NNE the three conspicuous radio towers approach a position close N of Ra’s ilf Tanker Berth
(13.187) which stand close SW of East Horn Reef (13.187) Approach Light-buoy (20°42′⋅9N, 58°54′⋅2E) (13.211).
bearing 205°, ahead, leads E of the shoal dangers on the E 13.222
side of the coastal flat towards the vicinity of the tanker 1 The track then leads initially WSW, passing (with
berth. positions given from Milcon Jetty SW corner light
(20°41′⋅2N, 58°52′⋅2E)):
NW of the wreck awash (1 miles NE) which lies
Berthing close N of Island Reef (13.188). Thence:
13.215 Between No 1 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (1 miles
1 Tankers berth on a heading of 110° with 7 shackles on NNE) and No 2 Light-buoy (port hand) moored
each anchor and the stern secured to the two mooring buoys about 1 cables SSE. Shoals lie close to both sides
which are laid close W of the outer end of the submarine of the fairway in this area, thence:
pipeline. 2 SE of No 3 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (1 miles N)
which is moored close SW of a shoal with a least
depth over it of 4⋅7 m, thence:
Ra’s ilf Inner Anchorage N of No 4 Light-buoy (port hand) (1 miles N) and
NW of the shoal bank which extends N from the
Description NW part of the N tip of Marah (13.180). Thence:
13.216 NW of Ra’s ilf (2 cables NNE) (13.188) and to the
1 Ra’s ilf Inner Anchorage lies, as shown on the chart, inner anchorage berth.
about 6 cables W of Ra’s ilf (20°41′⋅4N, 58°52′⋅3E)
(13.188) on a bottom of sand over coral.
In 1990 a safe anchorage was obtained in Ra’s ilf Inner
Anchorage by a vessel of 1500 dwt and 60 m in length with
gusts to force 8 and in spite of the strong tidal streams. Milcon Jetty
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CHAPTER 13
Saffn (13.228) makes a good landmark for here decrease gradually towards the shore; the colour of the
identifying the point. water in this vicinity is very changeable.
(Directions NE of Ra’s al Junayz 2 Landing can sometimes be effected without difficulty in
continue in NP 63 Persian Gulf Pilot) the bay although the surf breaks heavily on the coast either
side of it.
Anchorages 13.232
13.231
1 Anchorage may also be obtained in depths of 11 m,
1 Anchorage has been obtained in depths of about 13 m
which is fairly sheltered from N winds, about 1 mile NE of
between 5 cables and 7 cables offshore from the small bay
Ra’s ar Ru‘ays (22°11′N, 59°46′E) (13.230).
which lies NE of the village of Al Ashkharah. The depths
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NOTES
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Chapter 14 - Gulf of Aden - south side. Straits of Bab el Mandeb to Raas Binna
43° 44° 45° 46° 47° 48° 49° 50° 51° 52°
14° 14°
YE M E N
13° 13°
100
Aden
- I.
25
Mayyun
3M
1925
ou
.d
14.15
eT
’Abd al KørØ
376
adj
2950
12° mo 12°
Caluula & Da
our
2950
Port d'Obock 253 3661 14.159 Raas Felug Anch. Olog
ah
262 29 2950
la
Ent. to 50
uu
Golfe de 29
14.1
2 95
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Tadjourah 0 B C s
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14 as
Kharab 29 5 an C 2950 as
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Djibouti 253 da Ra
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6
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11° .1 11°
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14.162 SOMALIA
6
10° 2970 10°
43° 44° 45° 46° Longitude 47° East from Greenwich 49° 50° 51° 52°
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CHAPTER 14
GULF OF ADEN — SOUTH SIDE — THE COAST OF AFRICA FROM THE STRAITS
OF BAB EL MANDEB TO RAAS CASEYR AND THENCE SOUTH TO RAAS BINNA
GENERAL INFORMATION
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2 Except in a few places the shores of the gulf are high; a from the interior mountains closely approach this section of
short distance inland the country is mountainous. The the coast.
shores of the gulf are barren but the interior is fertile. 3 The coast from Râs Korali and an unnamed point about
The mountains on the NW side of the gulf between Port 3 miles WSW is mainly fringed by a bank with depths of
d’Obock (11°58′N, 43°18′E) and Râs Duan (17 miles SW) less than 20 m over it. Thence, as far as the point on the
are prominent. These mountains are thickly covered with coast S of Îlot des Boutres (11°33′N, 42°42′E) (14.38), the
trees and the valleys appear fertile. coast rises gradually and presents several summits. The
14.22 shore SW of Îlot des Boutres is sandy and stony, and,
1 North coast. Between Cap Obock (11°58′N, 43°18′E) within it, lies a plain covered with mimosas.
(14.40) and Alat Ela (3 miles W) the coast consists of
cliffs between 19 and 26 m in height which are broken in
several places by ravines. SE of Alat Ela is a low Off-lying reefs and banks
projection with a shallow bank of mud and sand extending 14.25
S from it. 1 Banc du Levant (Lebnaan Bank) (11°37′N, 43°23′E)
The coast as far as Râs Duan (14.37) which lies a lies about 14 miles E of Plateau du Héron (14.123).
farther 13 miles SW, consists of a beach backed by 14.26
precipitous cliffs; a shallow bank partly fringes this coast. 1 Banc Somali (Somalia Bank) (11°38′N, 43°22′E) lies
There are some reefs on the coast, in places. about 12 miles E of Plateau du Héron (14.123).
2 Between Râs Duan (11°49′N, 43°03′E) and the entrance 14.27
to Ghoubbet Kharab (27 miles SW) (14.60), the coast is 1 Moidubis Kebir (11°34′N, 43°17′E) and Moidubis
almost entirely low and sandy; it is formed by the edge of Séghir (2 miles S) are two partly drying reefs, which are
a plain which rises gradually to the spurs of Massif de always visible; both reefs lie N of Râs Gumarlah (11°29′N,
Goda, a range of mountains which stands about 20 miles W 43°17′E), a low, sandy point of irregular shape.
of Râs Duan. The plain, which begins about 7 miles WSW Banc Gutta Tella, a bank on which stands a dangerous
of Râs Duan, is up to 2 miles wide; it is wooded rock, lies 1 miles WNW of Moidubis Séghir.
throughout with mimosas prevailing, which form thick
coppices in places. Anchorages (north side)
3 Massif de Goda (11°45′N, 42°38′E) is a mountain range 14.28
of tableland which rises to elevations of over 1500 m from 1 Anchorage, sheltered from N winds and in a good
the NW side of Golfe de Tadjourah. holding ground, may be obtained in depths of about 20 m
An unnamed bay indents the coast between Râs Duan SE of the low projection which lies SE of Alat Ela
and Râs Ali (7 miles WSW) (14.23). (11°58′N, 43°14′E) (14.22).
14.23 14.29
1 Anse Reissale (Khr Raysâli) (11°46′N, 42°56′E) is a 1 Anchorage may also be obtained farther SW off this part
narrow inlet, with a sandy beach on its E side, entered of the coast, about 3 miles NE of Râs Duan (11°49′N,
between two cliffs close W of Râs Ali. 43°03′E) (14.37), where landing can be effected on a
The coast between Râs Ali (11°46′N, 42°57′E) and beach; a similar anchorage may also be obtained 2 miles
Tadjourah (3 miles WNW) (14.51) is rocky, precipitous farther SW.
and steep-to initially. It then becomes low and sandy. Local knowledge is required for the use of this
2 Between Tadjourah (11°47′N, 43°53′E) and the entrance anchorage.
to Ghoubbet Kharab (18 miles SW) (14.60), the coast is 14.30
low and sandy. It is exposed to E winds and boats can only 1 Small vessels may obtain anchorage within Anse
land with difficulty, except in periods of calm. Reissale (11°46′N, 42°56′E) (14.23), and within the bar
Near Tadjourah, and for 9 miles W, the mountains recede over which there is a least depth of 2⋅7 m, in depths from
from the coast, but farther W they approach it again. about 11 to 13 m, mud. This anchorage is sheltered from
3 Ambabbo (11°45′N, 42°49′E) is a village on the coast all winds.
about 4 miles WSW of Tadjourah and can be identified by Local knowledge is required for the use of this
a group of palm trees in its vicinity. anchorage.
Between Ambabbo and Pointe des Palmiers (6 miles 14.31
SW) (14.38) the coast is fringed by a bank of sand and 1 A fairly good anchorage for use in fine weather, or with
coral extending up to 2 cables offshore. offshore winds, lies about 2 cables offshore with Ambabbo
14.24 village (11°45′N, 42°49′E) bearing 335°, in depths from 26
1 South coast. Between Mangadafo (Pointe Noire) to 40 m, sand and mud.
(11°36′N, 43°04′E) (14.89) and ‘Ambâda (3 miles W) There are depths from about 5 to 7 m lying close to the
(14.83) the coast is fringed by a shallow, rocky bank. The coast in this vicinity; depths increase quickly seaward.
first mile of the coast is low and swampy. It is then
composed of steep cliffs between 120 m and 150 m high.
A rock, about 2 m high, stands close off the coast about Anchorages (south side)
2 miles ESE of Daba Libâ (14.38) which lies about 14.32
9 miles W of ‘Ambâda. 1 Anchorage may be obtained within a small bay close W
2 Baie de Dorâlé (11°35′N, 43°03′E) is entered about of the peninsula of Daba Libâ (11°36′N, 42°51′E) (14.38).
1 mile W of Mangadafo. The bay is encumbered with reefs Shelter from NE winds can be found close to this peninsula
through the middle of which lies a passage. This passage is in a depth of about 29 m. The holding ground is reported
so narrow it is difficult to find. to be indifferent.
Between Daba Libâ (11°36′N, 42°51′E) and Râs Korali Local knowledge is required for the use of this
(3 miles WSW) the coast is indented and steep-to; the spurs anchorage.
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Chart 253 plan Entrance to Ghoubbet Kharab swell on the coast between Râs Duan and Tagarré
14.33 (15 miles N). Thence:
1 Anchorage may be obtained, as shown on the chart, in 4 NNW of Récif du Météore (4 miles SW), which lies
Mouillage des Boutres close inshore W of Îlot des Boutres on the W side of the approach to Djibouti (14.86),
(11°33′N, 42°42′E) (14.38) in depths of about 30 m; this thence:
anchorage is exposed to NE winds but is otherwise NNW of Banc du El-Hadj (6 miles SW), thence:
sheltered. A dangerous rock (position approximate) lies 14.38
about 4 cables WSW of the indicated anchorage berth. 1 Passing (with positions given from Râs Ali (11°46′N,
42°57′E)):
Principal marks SSE of Râs Ali (14.23), thence:
14.34 NNW of Daba Libâ Râs Eiro) (11 miles SSW) a
1 Landmarks (north side): narrow, high projection, covered with bushes,
‘As‘ale (Morne Rouge) (12°00′N, 43°12′E), which which is connected with the mainland by a sandy
rises to 130 m in height, has three round summits isthmus, thence:
formed of reddish stones. 2 NNW of Râs Korali (13 miles SW) (14.24), thence:
Inhai-Ali (11°58′N, 43°07′E) stands about 5 miles SSE of Pointe des Palmiers (12miles WSW) a
WSW of ‘As‘ale rising to a elevation of 430 m. slightly projecting sandy point; a clump of palm
2 Monts Mabla (11°56′N, 43°02′E) is a group of peaks trees stands about 45 m within the point. Thence:
whose S-most peak stands about 8 miles N of Râs NNW of Îlot des Boutres (19 miles SW), thence to
Duan (14.37) and rises to a height of 845 m; the the entrance to Ghoubbet Kharab (14.60).
N-most peak stands about 3 miles farther N and (Directions for Petite Passe, the entrance to
rises to a height of 1057 m. Sono Ali (11°57′N, Ghoubbet Kharab, are given at 14.66)
42°59′E) reaches a height of 1247 m and forms the
highest peak of Monts Mabla. Port d’Obock
14.35
1 Landmarks (south side): Chart 253 plan of Port d’Obock
Oreilles d‘Ane (‘Êrole) (11°26′N, 42°59′E) is a hill, Position
513 m high, which stands about 9 miles SSW of 14.39
‘Ambâda (14.83). 1 Port d’Obock (11°58′N, 43°18′E) is situated on the N
side of Golfe de Tadjourah (14.20), W of Râs Bir (14.15).
Directions Description
(Directions for the western end of the 14.40
Gulf of Aden are given at 14.15) 1 Port d’Obock is formed by a bend in the coast between
14.36 Anse Buret (11°58′⋅7N, 43°19′⋅6E) and Cap Obock
1 From a position about 20 miles E of Râs Bir (11°59′N, (2 miles SW); the bay is sheltered from the SE and S by
43°22′E) (14.15) the track through the gulf leads about coral reefs which extend up to 1 miles offshore.
65 miles WSW to the entrance to Ghoubbet Kharab (14.60) The harbour is divided into two parts, separated from
passing (with positions given from Râs Bir Light each other by banks; the SW part is called Port du Sud and
(11°58′⋅6N, 43°21′⋅7E)): the NE part Port du Nord-Est.
NNW of Banka Arab (26 miles SE) (14.15), thence: The N shore of the harbour is an almost vertical cliff of
2 SSE of Râs Bir (14.15) from which Râs Bir Light coral rock, about 24 m high, within which a large plain
(14.14) is exhibited. Thence: extends to the mountains which stand inland.
SSE of a detached shoal (reported 1941) (position 2 On the W shore near Cap Obock there is a similar cliff,
approximate) (2 miles WSW), with a least depth about 12 m high, rising at the end of a large plain.
over it of 4⋅6 m, which lies close SE of Banc du The NW shore, between these cliffs, is a sandy beach,
Surcouf (14.45), thence: terminating in a ravine, the soil of which is alluvial clay,
3 SSE of Cap Obock (4 miles WSW) (14.40), thence: and which is inundated, in places, by the sea at the highest
NNW of Banc Dankali (16 miles S), a sand and coral of the tides; it is reported that there are a number of
bank which lies E of Île Moucha (14.77). mangroves within this ravine. A sandbank fringes this
14.37 beach and mostly dries.
1 Thence, the track continues WSW, passing (with 3 The Oubouki River (Rivière d’Obock) flows into the
positions given from Île Maskali Light (11°42′⋅8N, harbour about 5 cables NE of Cap Obock; it is little more
43°09′⋅0′E): than a stream and dries in summer.
NNW of Île Moucha (3 miles ENE) (14.77) the
E-most island of the Îles Moucha (14.76); Île Function
Moucha Light (metal framework tower on house; 14.41
17 m high) (11°43′⋅8N, 43°12′⋅8E) is exhibited 1 The settlement of Obock is situated on Cap Obock
from Plateau du Scorpion which lies in the NE (14.40) and was once the capital of French Somaliland but
part of the island. Thence: is now only a small village. The former Residency is a
2 NNW of a beacon (red; 5 m high) (2 miles NNE) large, square, white building, with a flagstaff, standing
which stands on the NW extremity of the reef on about 120 m inland from the cape.
which lie the Îles Moucha (14.76), thence:
3 SSE of Râs Duan (8 miles NW) a steep cliff point, Local weather
within which there are several higher plateaux 14.42
extending towards Monts Mabla (14.34). On the S 1 A dry, scorching N wind, loaded with sand, may spring
side of the cape is a beach where boats can land up suddenly, chiefly during the SW Monsoon, and blow
during the NE Monsoon when there is a heavy very hard on occasions.
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A SW wind generally prevails in the morning; the N from all except S winds which sometimes blow strongly
wind rises suddenly in the afternoon and lasts until to the and render this berth dangerous.
middle of the night; sometimes it continues through the Vessels can anchor on, or near, the leading line close to
night, decreasing in force, but resuming greater strength the middle of the harbour, SE of the mooring buoy laid
towards 0700 hours and 0800 hours, blowing in this manner within the harbour, as indicated on the chart.
constantly for three or four days.
2 The coming of the N wind is always indicated by the Port du Nord-Est
whirlwinds of sand which it raises on the plateau between 14.49
Obock and the mountains inland, and in the valley which 1 Position. Port du Nord-Est (11°58′⋅5N, 43°19′⋅0E),
extends NW from Port d’Obock. which is approached through Port du Sud (14.44), is
entered by a fairly straight, but narrow, channel, which lies
Landmarks between Banc du Surcouf (14.45) on its S side, and Banc
14.43 des Perles and Banc du Milieu on its N side. The channel
1 A ruined penitentiary (11°58′⋅7N, 43°17′⋅9E), which has a least depth in the main fairway of 14 m, but note the
consists of a white building, enclosed by walls, much lesser depths which lie close outside the fairway.
stands just over 1⋅2 miles NNE of Cap Obock 2 If entering Port du Nord-Est then the channel should be
(14.40). buoyed beforehand, or else navigation should be carried out
A mosque (11°58′⋅8N, 43°17′⋅8E) stands close NNW from aloft with the sun in a favourable position.
of the ruined penitentiary. The only approach and entrance to Port du Nord-Est is
as described; Passe de l’Est, which lies between Banc du
Port du Sud Surcouf on its S side and Banc du Curieux on its N side,
14.44 is impracticable.
1 Position. Port du Sud (11°57′⋅8N, 43°18′⋅2E) is entered 14.50
between the E end of Banc de la Clocheterie which extends 1 Anchorage may be obtained in bad weather within a
about 6 cables E from Cap Obock (14.40) and the W more roomy berth than Port du Sud in depths of about
extremity of Banc du Surcouf which lies about 3 cables E. 10 m.
14.45 An easy landing may be effected on the sandy beach
1 Description. Banc de la Clocheterie, parts of which dry, within Anse Buret (14.40) which lies ENE of the harbour.
has some large boulders standing on it; Banc de la
Clocheterie Light (white, square tower, red top, with its Tadjourah
name on its side) (11°57′⋅6N, 43°18′⋅1E), is exhibited from
the NE extremity of the bank. Banc du Surcouf (11°57′⋅8N, Chart 253 plan of Mouillage de Tadjourah
43°19′⋅2E) is a very shallow bank over most of which it is Position
unsafe to navigate. 14.51
2 Passe du Sud is the channel which lies between Banc de 1 Tadjourah (11°47′N, 43°53′E) is situated on the N side
la Clocheterie and Banc du Surcouf; this channel is deep of Golfe de Tadjourah (14.20), W of Râs Ali (14.23).
and free from dangers.
Îlot Sud (‘Ounda Kômaytou) and Îlot Nord are two Description
small islets standing on the coastal bank about 2 cables 14.52
NE of Cap Obock (14.40). 1 Tadjourah is a small town standing close to the shore of
3 A jetty, for use by shallow draught vessels, extends a small bay entered between Pointe Sher Mahamat
about 2cables from the coast, passing through Îlot Nord. (11°46′⋅9N, 42°53′⋅2E) a sandy point, and Pointe Agaraf
A disused pier extends a similar distance SSE from a point (1 mile WNW).
on the coast about 950 m farther NNE; a dangerous wreck 2 The shores of this bay are fringed by a bank extending
lies close SSE of the outer end of this pier. up to 2 cables offshore; a drying rock stands on this bank
14.46 in front of the town, about 100 m W of the head of the
1 Directions. If making an approach to Port du Sud from jetty. A drying rock lies about 1 cables ESE of Pointe
NE then steer to pass well S of Banc du Surcouf so as to Agaraf; a dangerous rock lies between this drying rock and
avoid the detached shoal patch (11°57′⋅6N, 43°19′⋅5E) the point.
(14.36). A shoal (existence doubtful), with a least depth over it
When the S extremity of Cap Obock (11°57′⋅6N, of 6 m, lies about 2 cables SSW of the S end of the jetty
43°17′⋅5E) (14.40) bears 290°, then steer for it on that (14.54).
bearing until in a position SSE of Passe du Sud (14.45). Landmarks
From a position about 5 cables SSE of the outer part of 14.53
Passe du Sud the approach to the entry channel then leads 1 The Residency (11°47′⋅2N, 42°53′⋅1E) with a tower is
NNW. prominent.
14.47 The Great Mosque, which stands about 240 m SW of
1 Passe du Sud Leading Lights: the Residency and about 80 m in from the shore,
Front light exhibited from a black and white is also prominent. Two other mosques in the town
chequered minaret standing within the mosque are also prominent.
(11°58′⋅8N, 43°17′⋅8E) (14.43). A lighted beacon tower (white with yellow band)
Rear light exhibited from a white tower (7 m high) (11°46′⋅9N, 42°53′⋅0E).
(700 m from front).
The alignment (337°) of these lights leads through Jetty
Passe du Sud into Port du Sud (14.44). 14.54
14.48 1 A L-shaped jetty extends S and ESE from the shore at
1 Anchorage may be obtained within Port du Sud (14.44) the W end of the town, to the head of an inlet formed by a
in a depth of about 27 m, mud. This anchorage is protected break in the coastal reef.
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14.55 14.63
1 Port de Tadjourah Leading Lights. The alignment 1 Grande Passe is the S-most passage and is only
(003°) of Port de Tadjourah Leading Lights leads towards practicable for small vessels with a draught of less than
the L-shaped jetty: 1⋅8 m.
Front light (exhibited from L-shaped jetty elbow) With any wind the strong tidal streams cause waves in
(11°47′⋅0N, 42°52′⋅9E). the middle of this passage which are large enough to
Rear light (110 m from front). endanger small craft.
Local knowledge is required for the use of Grande
Anchorages Passe.
14.56 14.64
1 General. The holding ground off Tadjourah is reported 1 Petite Passe is the N-most passage and lies between
to be good but the steepness of the bottom necessitates steep shores; the passage is practical for use by a suitably
anchoring close inshore. During the SW Monsoon sudden sized vessel.
and violent squalls make anchoring in this vicinity 14.65
dangerous. 1 Tidal streams rush through both Grande and Petite
2 When approaching the anchorage berths care must be Passes with great force causing whirls and rippling and
taken to avoid the shallow spit which extends about give the streams a dangerous appearance. In Petite Passe
2 cables SSW from the shore, about 1 mile E of they can attain a rate of 7 kn.
Tadjourah, and a rock (existence doubtful), with a least
depth over it of 6 m, which lies about 4 cables WSW of Directions for Petite Passe
Pointe Sher Mahamat (14.52). 14.66
14.57 1 Passage through Petite Passe is sometimes difficult but,
1 Anchorage may be obtained with the Residency tower it is never impracticable by day for vessels with a speed of
bearing 020° and in line with a mosque standing near the 10 kn except in very unusual conditions.
shore; and the leading lights bearing 003°. There is no difficulty in entering during the in-going
With E winds, vessels of not more than 115 m in length stream; when the stream is strong several eddies form in
can anchor on the same alignment of the Residency tower the passage but they do not affect a vessels steering.
and the mosque, about 2 cables from the mosque, in depths 2 Entering during the out-going stream is more difficult,
of about 40 m. especially when it is strong, and a fresh wind is blowing in
Small vessels can anchor about 140 m S of the head of the same direction. At such times the sea in the approach
the jetty in depths from 11 to 22 m, as indicated on the to Petite Passe becomes very rough, covered with foam,
chart. and resembles breakers.
14.58 Departing Ghoubbet Kharab is always easier than
1 Mooring buoys. A mooring buoy, intended for use by entering.
vessels of less than 500 tonnes and 50 m in length, is laid 14.67
on the alignment (003°) of the leading lights about 150 m 1 To enter Petite Passe at slack high or low water one
from the front light. should approach the entrance about 45 minutes after high or
A further mooring buoy is laid about 2 cables ESE of low water at Port d’Obock (14.39). With the passage well
Pointe Agaraf (14.52). within sight the time to transit the passage is when the
14.59 eddies have ceased and the water is smooth which can
1 Landing can be effected in good weather E of the jetty, easily be seen. Slack water is usually brief generally lasting
or alongside its outer part. only between 5 and 10 minutes.
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After altering course into Baie de l’Étoile, keep towards 2 Small vessels may obtain anchorage within Anse
the SW shore until 3 cables within Pointe de l’Étoile, Gabrielle in depths from about 15 to 20 m.
thence steer a mid-channel course to the anchorage. A drying rock lies about 1 cables offshore in the W
3 Anchorage may be obtained within the inner part of part of the unnamed bay formed by the coast and Guinni
Baie de l’Étoile in depths from 20 to 29 m, mud and sand. Koma.
This anchorage berth is the best in Ghoubbet Kharab
being sheltered from all winds. Description (south side)
14.70 14.74
1 Baie Blondeau (11°34′N, 42°36′E) is a bay entered 1 The S side of Ghoubbet Kharab is a vertical, volcanic
about 2 miles W of Baie de l’Étoile, the shores of which wall which is highest at its E end. A valley situated in
are moderately high; a beach is situated at its head. On its about the middle part of this side is strewn with lava and
NW side the coastal bank extends about 2 cables volcanic remains; the lava extends between 2 miles or
offshore. 3 miles inland to the foot of the range of sandhills which
Open country, which rises quickly and on which grow a rise between 60 m and 90 m above the plain.
few trees, extends inland from the beach. 2 From the S entrance point to the inlet, the coast, which
Île Blondeau is a rocky islet fringed by a bank of coral is cliffy, extends about 2 miles SW and is fringed by a
and sand standing on a finger of the coastal bank which shallow coral bank.
extends about 6 cables SE from the NW shore of the bay. The unnamed bay, which forms the SE corner of
14.71 Ghoubbet Kharab, is deep and free from dangers.
1 Baie du Lac Salé (11°35′N, 42°32′E) lies in the NW 3 The coast, from the SW entrance point to the unnamed
corner of Ghoubbet Kharab. The NE side of the bay rises bay, is composed of cliffs decreasing in elevation towards
to a height of more than 200 m within about 1 km of the the W for about 7 miles WNW, and is broken only by the
head of the bay. At first, the shores of the bay consist of valley in its mid part where there are some trees. An
moderately high sand dunes changing gradually to steep unnamed islet, lying close offshore and close W of the
cliffs. entrance to this valley, is bare and rocky.
2 A narrow, rocky peninsula extends about 2 cables ESE
from the N side of the bay. Local weather
The SW side of the bay is low, broken and composed of 14.75
lava and black scoriae; the head of the bay is very shallow. 1 On the S side of Ghoubbet Kharab, where the winds are
A small basin, which lies on the W side of the head of usually stronger than in other parts of Golfe de Tadjourah
the bay, has depths within it from 11 to 27 m; its entrance (14.20), the high cliffs deflect NE winds to E or SE.
is closed by a ridge of rocks. The water always runs out of
this basin even during a rising tide. Îles Moucha
3 Anchorage may be obtained, as shown on the chart, off
Charts 253, 262
the W side of the head of the bay in depths of about 13 m,
sand and mud. This anchorage is open to E winds which Position
cause a choppy sea and frequently sufficient swell to 14.76
prevent landing by boats on the beach. 1 Îles Moucha (11°43′N, 43°12′E) are a group of coral
islands and islets which lie on the S side of the middle part
of the entrance to Golfe de Tadjourah (14.20); the islands,
which attain an elevation of about 12 m, stand on drying
Description (west side) coral reefs.
14.72 Grand Récif is that part of the reefs surrounding the
1 The W side of Ghoubbet Kharab is volcanic and group which lies NE of Îles Moucha and within the
indented. Territorial Park (14.79).
Guinni Koma (Grande Île du Diable) (11°32′N, 42°32′E)
is a small island which lies about 4 cables offshore from Île Moucha
the W side of the inlet; the island has a yellowish-red 14.77
appearance rising to a height of 159 m making it 1 Description. Île Moucha is the E-most island of the Îles
precipitous and inaccessible. Moucha Group (14.76) and is the most prominent of the
2 Petite Île du Diable, which lies about 1 cables NW of islands. From seaward, the island, which is very
Guinni Koma and close off Anse Gabrielle, is a conical conspicuous has the appearance of a dark-coloured plateau,
volcanic islet rising to 80 m; the lava on its coasts is about 12 m high, with Île Moucha Lighthouse (14.37)
clearly visible. standing on its NE corner; there are some clumps of
3 The channel between the island and the islet has mangroves growing on the island. The island is reported to
moderate depths within it, but, at its SW end, there is a give a good radar return.
shoal, with a least depth over it of 8⋅5 m; a shallow coral 2 Pointe du Scorpion is the W extremity of Plateau du
bank, which extends about 140 m S and SW of Petite Île Scorpion (14.37) which forms the N part of the island.
du Diable, is always visible. Pointe Noire forms the SE corner of the island; Ile du
14.73 Large is a small islet situated 6 cables SE of Point Noire.
1 Anchorage may be obtained, as shown on the chart, 14.78
about 1 cables W of Guinni Koma in depths of about 1 The W part of the island, previously known as Middle
29 m. This anchorage is very limited owing to a coral reef Island, is connected to its E part by a narrow neck of
and a sandbank which extend about 90 m W from Guinni drying land on which grow some mangroves. Plateau de
Koma and to the considerable depths close W of the l‘Euphorbe is the area immediately W of this narrow neck
position given. The berth is sheltered and even with fresh E of land; Plateau du Grand Signal forms the W part of this
winds it is smooth; violent squalls often blow from the part of the island. Pointe du Grand Signal is its W
direction of Guinni Koma. extremity.
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7 W of No 2 Light-buoy (port hand) (1 miles N) (14.129), passing (with positions given from Môle du
moored off the NW corner of Banc du Héron, a Fontainebleau NW Light (11°36′⋅4N, 43°07′⋅9E)):
drying coral reef which extends about 1 mile W of 3 S of Banc de l’Étoile (2 miles WNW), thence:
Pointe du Héron, the W extremity of Plateau du 4 S of Récif d’Ambouli (1 mile WNW). A bank, with
Héron (11°37′N, 53°09′E), thence: depths of less than 5 m over it, extends S from the
8 E of No 3 Light-buoy (starboard hand) (8 cables NW). S side of Récif d’Ambouli. And:
14.124 5 N of Banc des Salines (1 mile WSW), a drying bank
1 The track then continues S through the outer part of the which lies about 3 cables S of Récif d’Ambouli;
Port of Djibouti, passing: this bank is marked at its W end by a ruined
W of No 4 Light-buoy (port hand) (4 cables N); a beacon (white, stone cube, 3m in height), thence:
wreck, with a least depth over it of 3⋅6 m, lies N of a detached bank (7 cables WSW) with a least
about 1 cable NNE of the light-buoy close off the depth of 3⋅8 m over it; a shoal with a depth of
SW corner of Banc du Héron. Thence: 5⋅8 m over it, lies 1 cable farther E. Thence:
2 W of a light-beacon (white) (3 cables N) which 6 N of Banc des Salines Light (white, square beacon
stands on the SW part of a detached drying reef with name on side) (3 cables SW); several other
which lies close off the SW corner of Banc du shoals and drying reefs lie between the light and
Héron, thence: the bank.
3 E of Récif d’Ambouli Light-beacon (green and white 7 A dangerous wreck lies about 1 cables ESE of the
pyramidal tower, name on side) (6 cables WNW) light; a mooring buoy is laid about 1 cables S of
which stands on E extremity of Récif d’Ambouli, a the dangerous wreck. Further wrecks lie between
detached drying reef; depths of less than 10 m lie the mooring buoy and the shore.
up to 3 cables off the N side of this reef. Ruined
beacons stand 1 cable WNW of the light and at the
W end of the reef; these beacons are not Useful marks
conspicuous and it is reported that within about 14.128
3 hours of high water they appear like black can 1 Leading lights:
buoys. A dangerous wreck, with a least depth over Front light (metal framework tower) (11°36′⋅9N,
it of 1 m, lies close off the W end of Récif 43°08′⋅7E).
d’Ambouli. A further wreck lies about 1 cable Rear light (similar structure) (210 m from front).
NNW. 2 The alignment (073°) of these lights indicates the
4 Thence, as required for berthing. approach to Berths Nos 13 to 15 (14.137), passing clear of
14.125 an obstruction with a depth of 10⋅1 m over it (1 mile WSW
1 The 184° lead may easily be seen at night as the of front light) which lies close S of the leading line.
height and characteristics of the rear light allow it to be Two pylons (white tops) stand between the leading lights
easily recognised, but the front light might not be identified and on the same alignment.
until the vessel is about level with No 2 Light-buoy Basins and berths
(11°37′⋅6N, 43°07′⋅9E).
2 Should the leading lights be obscured by sandstorms,
then, when W of Île Maskali (14.123), Pointe du Héron Chart 262 plan of Djibouti
(11°37′⋅2N, 43°08′⋅8E) can be brought into line with the Main basin
prominent water tower (11°36′⋅2N, 43°09′⋅2E). The 14.129
alignment (161°) of these marks leads clear of all dangers 1 The main basin (11°36′⋅5N, 43°08′⋅1E) is entered
and can be followed to a prudent distance from Plateau du between the SE corner of Môle du Fontainebleau (14.134),
Héron (14.123) during which time the leading lights may from which Môle du Fontainebleau SE Head Light (metal
be identified. framework tower) is exhibited, and the Ro-Ro berth
situated on the SW corner Môle Sud (14.132).
2 The W part of the main basin is dredged; the E part of
the basin, part of which dries, is a dhow anchorage.
A slip is situated in the NE corner of the basin; a cold
Passe Ouest store is situated on Berth No 8.
14.126 14.130
1 It is also possible to approach Djibouti from the W by 1 Lights in line:
Passe Ouest, a channel little more than 1 cable wide, which Front light (11°36′⋅5N, 43°08′⋅2E).
leads between Récif d’Ambouli (14.124) and Banc des Rear light (61 m from front light).
Salines (14.127). Passe Ouest must only be used by vessels The alignment (023°) of these lights marks the E limit
of less than 500 grt. of the dredged area.
14.127 14.131
1 Leading marks: 1 Berths. There are 8 berths with depths alongside from
Front light: Jetée du Gouvernement Light (metal 1⋅4 to 8⋅3 m. Berth No 6 is 263 m long with an alongside
framework tower) (11°36′⋅1N, 43°08′⋅2E). depth of 8⋅3 m.
Rear mark: Cathedral belfry (11°36′⋅0N, 43°09′⋅1E),
which stands about 8 cables E of Jetée du
Gouvernement Light. Môle Sud
2 The alignment (099°) of these marks, within the green 14.132
sector (098°−099°) of Jetée du Gouvernement Light, leads 1 A container terminal with 2 berths is situated on the S
through Passe Ouest; it should be noted that the white side of Môle Sud (11°36′⋅3N, 43°08′⋅3E); a Ro-Ro berth is
sector (099°−100°) of the light leads N of the leading situated in the SW corner of the mole. Berth No 2 is 220 m
line. The track leads to the entrance to the main basin long and has a depth of 9⋅9 m alongside.
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Jetée du Gouvernement that considerable shoaling has taken place (2004) in the NE
14.133 part of the dredged area.
1 Jetée du Gouvernement extends about 3 cables NW 14.137
from a causeway connecting the port with the town of 1 Berths. There are 3 berths of which Berth No 14, 290 m
Djibouti. in length and with a depth of 12⋅0 m alongside, is the
2 A Ferry Wharf extends about 75 m N from the N side longest and deepest.
of Jetée du Gouvernement, about 120 m from its head; a
channel, dredged to 3⋅0 m, leads to the wharf from a
position S of Môle Sud (14.132). Port services
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3 Buur Qoroloho (Bur Goroloho Albero) (11°26′N, 2 A resemblance exists in the profiles of Raas Caseyr and
51°01′E) stands near the N end of the S part of Buuraha Raas Shannaqiif (10 miles SSW) (14.161), but Raas
Guri Cal rising to 751 m and is conspicuous. Shannaqiif rises to a height of about 927 m and Raas
Buur Hamber (11°20′N, 51°03′E), 113 m high, is a Caseyr to a height of only about 282 m; a broad and
conspicuous hill. comparatively low sand plain lies between the two points.
Togga Ceel Unkud (Wadi Abdehan) enters the sea about 3 In hazy weather, at night, the steep fall of Raas
12 miles SSW of Raas Shannaqiif; Egadur is a small Shannaqiif may perhaps be dimly seen. When the point
village situated on the coast a short distance farther S. bears less than about 270° it often happens that Raas
Caseyr has not been sighted as the haze is thickest near sea
Charts 6, 2970 level and the light colour of the point renders it difficult to
Currents see and identify. Under such conditions vessels have
14.153 mistaken Raas Shannaqiif for Raas Caseyr and have altered
1 North-east Monsoon. It has been reported that during course W towards the low coast which lies between these
the NE Monsoon a S-going current, with rates of between two headlands and have consequently been wrecked.
kn and 1 kn, was frequently experienced along the S 4 By day, there is usually a gradual change in the colour
side of the Gulf of Aden between Djibouti (11°36′N, of the water from blue to dark green as the land is
43°09′E) (14.86) and Raas Caseyr (480 miles E) (14.160). approached in this vicinity; the sea also becomes smoother
During this period a counter-current occasionally sets E and the swell tends to come from E of S, to the N and W
along the African coast between the island of Jasiired of Raas Xafuun (10°27′N, 51°25′E) which lies about
Maydh (11°13′N, 47°14′E) (14.221) and the meridian of 85 miles S of Raas Caseyr. When the land cannot be seen
49°E, at rates of between kn and 2 kn. and identified, extreme caution is necessary.
14.154 Principal mark
1 At the end of February, in the early part of the last 14.158
century, no current was experienced between Berbera 1 Major light:
(10°26′N, 45°00′E) (14.162) and Laasqoray (195 miles Raas Caseyr Light (round, masonry tower; 20 m in
ENE) (14.319) except for a slight W-going set off Jasiired height) (11°50′⋅0N, 51°16′⋅9E) exhibited from the
Maydh (14.221). summit of Raas Caseyr (14.160) which reaches an
Somewhat earlier in the century between March and elevation of 282 m.
May variable currents were experienced off the Somali
coast, but usually setting W at a rate of about kn with
occasional counter-currents near the coast. DIRECTIONS
14.155 (continued from 14.15)
1 South-west Monsoon. During the SW Monsoon an eddy Charts 6, 2970
current sets W along the African coast, at a rate of about Banka Arab to Raas Caseyr
1 kn to a position near the meridian of 45°E. This current 14.159
is not continuous and E and S going sets are experienced. 1 From a position about 10 miles E of Banka Arab
The strongest W-going currents reported along this stretch (11°39′N, 43°40′E) (14.15) the route leads initially about
of coast during the years 1910 and 1928 were between the 420 miles E to a position N of Raas Caluula (11°59′N,
meridians of 48°E and 50°E at rates of about kn. 50°47′E) (14.160). It then continues for another 40 miles
2 Again, in the early part of the last century, during the ESE to a position about 12 miles NE of Raas Caseyr
month of August and about 30 miles offshore in Gubed (11°50′N, 51°17′E) (14.160), passing:
Rugguuda (10°50′N, 46°30′E) (14.233), a S-going current 2 N of Raas Khansiir (10°52′N, 45°48′E) which lies
of about 1 kn was experienced, but there was very little about 3 miles NE of Karin (14.302); the point is
W-going current; yet, at about the same time a WNW low and rocky with sandy beaches on both its
current of about 2 kn was experienced when approaching sides and is easily identified from the NW by a
Laasqoray (14.319) from the W. large, conspicuous, white triangular patch of sand
14.156 situated close by, which is itself backed by a dark
1 Raas Caseyr. The currents in the vicinity of Raas hill. Thence:
Caseyr (11°50′N, 51°17′E) (14.160) are influenced by the 3 N of Raas Xatib (11°04′N, 47°09′E). The coast for
tidal streams, which are irregular, and by the winds, which about 20 miles ENE of the point is low, sandy and
are monsoonal in character; see 14.8. scantily covered with bushes for a short distance
2 During the period of the SW Monsoon the set is inland. Thence:
predominantly NE, whilst during the NE Monsoon the set N of Jasiired Maydh (11°13′N, 47°14′E) (14.221),
is W or NW. Rates of up to 2 kn have been reported. thence:
Counter-currents may be experienced close inshore around 4 N of Raas Surud (11°11′N, 47°32′E) a low bluff,
the point. thence:
N of Raas Kalweyn (11°08′N, 47°55′E), which lies
Chart 100 about 2 miles ENE of Geelwayte (14.243), is a low
Precautions when rounding Raas Caseyr from south and sandy point; a spur from Jebel Warsangeleh
14.157 (14.146) slopes down to the point. Thence:
1 Many wrecks have occurred on the stretch of coast 5 N of Raas Laas Macaan (11°12′N, 48°14′E), which
which lies S of Raas Caseyr (11°50′N, 51°17′E) (14.160) lies 3 miles NE of Laasqoray (14.319), and is a
and great caution is necessary when steering NW and N low and sandy point. A conspicuous white tower,
towards and past this headland during the SW Monsoon numerous other dwellings along with several small
when the weather is stormy, the seas heavy, a strong sandhills, all stand on the point. A brackish creek,
current is setting and the land is generally obscured by a which is little more than a swamp, lies close SW
thick haze. of the point. Thence:
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6 N of Raas Gacaan (11°16′N, 48°21′E) a low and position about 15 miles E of Raas Binna (11°09′N,
sandy point. Bandar Gaan (14.326) is a small 51°11′E), passing:
village situated on the SW side of the point; there 2 E of Raas Shannaqiif (11°41′N, 51°15′E) which is
are several inlets in the vicinity of the point, a rounded, rocky and steep; it appears as a
fresh water lake is situated close inland from the remarkably bold and rugged headland, especially
village, thence: from the SE. Cliffs begin 2 miles N of the cape
7 N of Raas Dhoftille (11°19′N, 48°31′E) is another which is itself steep-to. Thence:
low and sandy point; Buur Dhoftille stands close S 3 E of Raas Binna (11°09′N, 51°11′E) a steep cliff,
of the point and is a remarkable isolated tableland, 154 m high, situated at the E end of a promontory
149 m high, which appears as an island from a which, from the N, appears as an island; the cape
distance W, thence: is steep-to.
14.160 (Directions south of Raas Binna are
1 Passing: given in Africa Pilot, Volume III)
N of Raas Cadcadde (Ras Adado) (11°20′N, 48°40′E)
is a rocky cliff, 12 m high, which lies about BERBERA
3miles ENE of the village of Cadcadde; a little
inland stands a group of hills, and on its E side General information
there is a flat-topped hill 105 m high. Thence:
Charts 6, 3530
2 N of Raas Axmar (11°20′N, 49°19′E) is a remarkable
rocky promontory about 91 m high which appears
Position
red from the W, thence: 14.162
3 N of Raas Aantaara (11°27′N, 49°34′E) a high and 1 Berbera (10°26′N, 45°00′E) is situated in the SW corner
rocky point which rises inland to Jebel Antara a of the Gulf of Aden at the head of an unnamed inlet.
range of mountains, which attains an elevation of Description
about 1300 m (4265 ft), covered with frankincense 14.163
and gum trees. Raas Buur Gaaban is a high, rocky 1 The harbour of Berbera is formed by a low, sandy spit
point situated about 2 miles SW. Thence: which extends about 1 miles WSW from the N end of the
4 N of Raas Goraggii (Ras Coraghe) (11°29′N, town of Berbera and terminates at Raastamar (Tamar Point)
49°41′E) a steep-to, high, rocky point which rises (10°26′⋅7N, 44°58′⋅8E); the area dries that lies on the S
to a range of limestone table mountains which side of the spit.
extend ESE and attain an elevation of about The SE side of the harbour is fringed by a reef which
1400 m; the sides of these mountains are covered extends up to about 2 cables offshore.
with frankincense trees. Thence: 14.164
5 N of Point Osbolei (11°31′N, 49°57′E) situated about 1 The majority of the houses within the town of Berbera
5 miles ENE of Qandala (14.351), thence: are constructed of masonry.
6 N of Raas Felug (Capo Elefante) (11°56′N, 50°38′E) The custom house, a long two-storey white building,
a steep-to promontory, 277 m high, which is fronts the shore at the head of the harbour; the police
prominent and can be seen from a distance of barracks, also white, stand S of the custom house.
26 miles, giving a strong radar return at 30 miles. 14.165
From E or W it appears like an island, the land in 1 The Shaab (10°26′⋅1N, 45°00′⋅4E) is a residential
its vicinity being low; a lagoon and the bed of a quarter of stone houses, surrounded by a wall about 5 m in
water-course lie in a valley on its E side. A height, situated close S of the town of Berbera.
beacon (three vertically arranged prism-shaped
blocks, black and white bands; 6 m high) stands on Topography
the N part, and summit, of the cape. Thence: 14.166
7 N of Raas Caluula (Ras Alula) (11°59′N, 50°47′E) a 1 Raas Calveyn (10°30′N, 45°05′E) is a low, sandy point
low and sandy point. Within Raas Caluula the situated about 7 miles ENE of Raastamar (14.163).
plain rises gradually to the high range of Buuraha Dubar (Dubriyaad) (10°21′N, 45°08′E) is a
mountains inland. See caution at 14.381. named peak which stands 10 miles SE of Raastamar and
8 NE of Raas Caseyr (Cape Guardafui) (11°50′N, rises to a height of 925 m. Buur Biyoguure rises to a
51°17′E) which forms the NE extremity of the height of 1005 m about 5 miles NE of Buuraha Dubar.
Horn of Africa. The cape is steep-to, greyish in 14.167
colour, precipitous, rocky, and, from the SE, 1 The coast from abreast Galangareet (10°57′N, 43°45′E)
appears with a moderate slope to seaward; it is (14.229) to Berbera (80 miles ESE) has not been closely
frequently enveloped in thick haze causing examined; there is no known danger except for Galangareet
difficulty in estimating distance from the point. itself. The coast is mostly steep-to, but great care should be
The summit is covered by a light-coloured sand; a exercised in approaching it.
sandy bay lies W of the point. Raas Caseyr Light Function
(14.158) is exhibited from the summit of the cape.
14.168
(Directions passing north of Suquòrá are given at 15.6 1 Trade. The main imports include cotton goods, sugar,
and passing south of Suquòrá at 15.11) rice and dates.
The main exports include skins, ghee, gums, sheep and
Chart 100 goats.
Raas Caseyr to Raas Binna 14.169
14.161 1 Population. The population of Berbera is estimated to
1 From a position about 12 miles NE of Raas Caseyr vary between about 15 000 and 30 000 according to the
(11°50′N, 51°17′E) (14.160) the route leads 50 miles S to a season.
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A conspicuous minaret (10°26′⋅6N, 45°00′⋅5E) stands Light (white tower, black bands) (10°25′⋅2N,
within the town of Berbera. 44°58′⋅5E) on S side of harbour.
Berths
Directions for entering harbour
(Directions for the southern side of the Inner anchorage
Gulf of Aden are given at 14.159) 14.195
1 A designated Inner Anchorage, as shown on the chart,
Approach which affords good anchorage sheltered from all but W
14.188 winds, lies on the N side of the harbour, ESE of Raastamar
1 From a position in the vicinity of 10°35′N, 44°55′E, Light (10°26′⋅6N, 44°58′⋅9E) (14.194).
about 10 miles NNW of the entrance to Berbera Harbour, In 1993 silting was reported in the E part of the inner
the approach leads SSE, passing W of a light-buoy (red anchorage area.
and white can) (10°27′⋅1N, 45°58′⋅2E) and W of a further Two mooring buoys are laid in the N part of the
light-buoy (green and red spar) (10°26′⋅5N, 45°58′⋅3E) anchorage.
moored about 5cables W of Raastamar Light (14.194), 14.196
thence through the Outer Anchorage area (14.182) to the 1 Cautions. Care should be taken to anchor such that,
fair weather pilot boarding position (14.183). whatever the direction of the wind, the vessel lies clear and
14.189 N of the entry leading line (14.193).
1 Cautions. The navigational buoys are not maintained by Though the holding ground in the anchorage is reported
the port authorities; all navigational aids are reported to be to be good, between the months of June and September, an
unreliable and should be used with caution. anchor berth should be chosen with plenty of room to pay
14.190 out more cable if necessary on account of the frequency of
1 Great care is necessary when approaching Berbera for the Kharif Winds (1.268).
the first time as the navigational lights may not be visible,
owing to frequent dust-storms. Oil Terminal
14.191 14.197
1 During the trading season, from October to March, the 1 Berbera Oil Terminal Berth consists of a steel pier
navigational lights at the entrance to the harbour may be which extends about 2 cables NW from the S shore of
difficult to distinguish from the riding lights of local craft the harbour, close within the entrance to the port, and close
anchored close inshore nearby. NW of the conspicuous tank farm (14.187).
Eight mooring buoys are laid off the head of the
Entry terminal pier.
14.192 2 In 1983 it was reported that tankers, with a draught up
1 From the fair weather pilot boarding position (14.183) to 10⋅7 m, moored bows N with both anchors down and
the track to the inner harbour leads about 2 miles E, secured amidships and aft to four of the mooring buoys.
passing (with positions given from Raastamar Light Cargoes are then discharged over the vessels stern, through
(10°26′⋅6N, 44°58′⋅9E)) (14.194): a floating hose, connected to the platform at the head of
S of light-buoy (red spar) (2 cables SSW), and: the jetty.
N of light-buoy (green and red spar) (6 cables 3 It was also reported that shallow draught tankers with
SSW), thence: draughts of up to 7⋅6 m moor between the mooring buoys
14.193 and discharge from amidships.
1 Berbera Leading Lights: In 1987 it was reported that the terminal is unusable
Front light (red and white framework tower, 12 m in between November and April because of the prevailing
height) (10°26′⋅6N, 45°00′⋅4E) exhibited from the weather conditions.
outer end of the Customs Pier. 4 In 1993 it was reported that the oil terminal was
Rear light (similar structure, 16 m in height) (190 m damaged and the storage facilities were non operational due
from front). to lack of power; it was also reported at this time that
The alignment (068°) of these lights leads through the some of the mooring buoys were partially submerged.
harbour, passing (with positions given from front leading Commercial Quay
light): 14.198
2 SSW of Raastamar Light (1 miles W) (14.194) and 1 The Commercial Quay, 640 m in length, is situated on
the S extremity of the sandy spit, thence: the S side of the harbour, about 6 cables NW of The
NNW of the Oil Terminal (1 mile WSW) (14.197) Shaab; the quay is connected to the shore by bridges and
and SSW of the inner anchorage area (14.195) and causeways.
the bad weather pilot boarding position (14.183); There is a least charted depth alongside the quay of
thence: 9⋅0 m.
3 To the area of the harbour off the main commercial 2 A jetty extends 100 m N from the NE end of the
quay (6 cables SW) (14.198). commercial quay; a wreck lies off its E side.
Caution. In 1975 it was reported that the marks on the Ro-Ro Berth. A Ro-Ro berth is situated at the W end
leading lights were difficult to distinguish by day. of the commercial quay where vessels berth with two
anchors down.
Useful marks
14.194 Shaab Pier
1 Raastamar Light (Tamar Point Light) (white column, 14.199
red bands) (10°26′⋅6N, 44°58′⋅9E) exhibited from 1 Shaab Pier extends NNW from the S side of the shore
the W end of the sandy spit which forms the N NNW of The Shaab; there is a depth of 5⋅8 m off the head
side of the harbour. of the pier.
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Entrance channel
14.214
BOOSAASO
1 Leading lights:
Front (red triangle, point up, white bands; on white
General information post with platform) (11°17′⋅1N, 49°10′⋅8E).
Rear (red triangle, point down, white bands; on
Charts 2950 plan of Bosasso, 2970 similar structure) (about 90 m from front).
Position 2 The alignment (138°) of these lights leads to a position
14.206 W of the harbour entrance. Mariners should note that the
1 Boosaaso (Bosasso) (Bandar Cassim) (Bender Cassim on former 148° leading line shown on the plan is no longer in
Chart 2970) (11°17′N, 49°11′E) is situated in the SE part use; the lights have been extinguished, although the
of the Gulf of Aden. structures remain. The track passes (with positions given
from front light):
Description SW of a shoal patch (8 cables NNW) with a least
14.207 depth over it of 10⋅4 m (34 ft), thence:
1 The town of Boosaaso consists of a large number of 3 Between the seaward ends of the mole and the
masonry houses and many other dwellings with several breakwater (3 cables NW).
forts and towers which appear light brown or white from Caution. Mariners are advised to keep slightly NE of
seaward. The town itself is easily identified by the broad the leading line to avoid a shoal with depths of less than
plain in its vicinity; there is a remarkable gap in the coastal 2 m (6 ft) over it which extends NE from the end of the
range near-by. breakwater.
It has been reported that a new breakwater exists on the
Topography W side of Boosasso Harbour. The breakwater extends NE
14.208 from the shore to approximate position 11°17′⋅3N,
1 The bed of a stream, which flows after heavy rain, 49°10′⋅6E.
reaches the sea about 1 miles W of the town. Chart 2950 will be updated with this information when
See also 14.148 and 14.149. more details become available.
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14.215 Currents
1 The S end of the approach and entry channel is 14.223
generally indicated by two or three dhows being anchored 1 For currents in the vicinity of Jasiired Maydh, see
in this vicinity. 14.153.
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14.275 Landing
1 Siigaale (Sea Gull Shoal) (11°25′N, 43°36′E), which lies 14.284
about 1 miles SE of Shaab Filfil, is another reef which 1 A stone pier is situated at the NW end of the town; the
never dries; another detached reef lies about 1 mile W. pier is inaccessible by boats within 3 hours of low water.
See caution at 14.274. The customs house stands at the root of the pier.
Facilities
Tidal streams 14.285
14.276 1 Small hospital; dispensary.
1 At springs, the tidal streams usually set W through
Saylac roadstead during the period of the in-going stream,
Supplies
14.286
and E during the out-going stream, at rates of about kn,
1 Water is available but is of indifferent quality and is
but the direction is much influenced by the winds.
difficult to obtain.
Current Lughaye
14.277 Chart 6
1 A current, the direction of which is usually with the Position
wind, but not always, often sets along the coast off Saylac; 14.287
this current sometimes attains a rate of kn. 1 Lughaye (10°41′N, 43°56′E) is situated about 20 miles
In Saylac roadstead, the current often sets against the SE of Galangareet (14.229).
wind although the latter may be fairly strong.
Description
14.288
Climate 1 Lughaye is a settlement near the coast and is also the
14.278 name given to the surrounding district.
1 The heat at Saylac is excessive during the SW Monsoon; The settlement may be identified by two small clumps
more than half of the local population move to the higher of palm trees which show up well from both the SE and
land of the interior during this period. NW.
A dangerous shoal bank fringes the coast off Lughaye
Approaches extending up to about 7 cables offshore.
14.279 Topography
1 Saylac is approached passing either side of Channel 14.289
Reef (14.273); the best time for entry to the roadstead is in 1 The coast from abreast Galangareet (10°57′N, 43°45′E)
the morning. (14.229) to Lughaye is mostly steep-to, but great care
14.280 should be exercised in approaching it.
1 Approaching from N, it is advisable to make for The low coast in this vicinity is covered with brushwood
Ceebaad (14.268) as its beacon, poor as it is, is the best for many miles.
mark available.
Landmark
From a position E of the beacon on Ceebaad, and the
14.290
partially drying reef which surrounds the island, steer SSW
1 Jebel Almis (10°22′N, 44°13′E) which stands near the
passing WNW of Channel Reef (14.273) keeping in the
coast, about 25 miles SE of Lughaye, is rugged
deeper water until E of the S extremity of Saacada Diin
and irregular.
(14.269) when course should be altered WSW for the
anchorage. Anchorage
14.281 14.291
1 If approaching from the SE, keep in depths of not less 1 Small vessels may obtain anchorage about 8 cables
than 40 m until the beacon standing on Ceebaad bears offshore, just outside of the dangerous bank fringing the
about 290°, when it should be steered for on that bearing settlement, in depths of about 12 m.
and closed to a distance of about 5 miles keeping clear of 14.292
the partially drying reef which surrounds the island. Course 1 A further anchorage, again suitable for use by small
should then be altered to the SSW and proceed as directed vessels, may be obtained in a depth of 11 m about
as if approaching from the N (14.280). 7 cables offshore from Sabawanaag, another settlement on
14.282 the coast situated about 13 miles SSE of Lughaye. The
1 Cautions. When within a line joining Ceebaad and settlement of Sabawanaag may be identified by a clump of
Siigaale the water is very discoloured, rendering it date palms growing near the coast.
impossible to distinguish between the deeper water and the Local knowledge is required for the use of these
shallow water, as can easily be done to seaward and in anchorages.
most of the adjacent bays.
Less water than charted has been reported to lie in the Bullaxaar
approaches to Saylac between Saacada Diin (14.269) and Position
Siigaale (14.275). 14.293
1 Bullaxaar (10°23′N, 44°25′E) is situated about 35 miles
Anchorage W of Berbera (14.162).
14.283 Description
1 Anchorage may be obtained in a good holding ground, 14.294
as shown on the chart, about 2 miles N of the town in 1 Bullaxaar was formerly a town of considerable size but
Saylac roadstead, in a depth of about 7⋅3 m, sand and mud. is now practically deserted.
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CHAPTER 14
Landing
Bandar Xarshow 14.323
Position 1 There is always heavy surf in this vicinity, especially
14.316 during the SW Monsoon; any boat should be anchored
1 Bandar Xarshow (11°10′N, 47°27′E) is situated 10 miles about 30 m from the coast.
ENE of Raas Xumbays (14.225). At high water the best landing may be achieved abreast
a high tower standing in the NE-most village.
Description At low water the best landing is near the fort at the S
14.317 end of the SW-most village.
1 Bandar Xarshow is a small village which is only
inhabited during the trading season from October to May; a Anchorages
sugarloaf-shaped hill stands 3 hills SSW of the village. 14.324
A bank extends about 5 cables offshore abreast Bandar 1 Anchorage berths are shown on the plan, NW of the N
Xarshow; a reef, on which the sea breaks in places, extends end of the SW-most village; and N of the NE-most village.
between 1 cable and 2 cables offshore from a position about 14.325
1 miles W of Bandar Xarshow, as far E as Raas Surud 1 An anchor berth was obtained a number of years ago
(5 miles E) (14.159). about 8 cables offshore, in depths of about 13 m, with the
SW-most village bearing 145° and the NE-most village
Topography 105°.
14.318 Good anchorage may also be obtained between 4 cables
1 The coast in the vicinity of Bandar Xarshow is low, and 7 cables NW of the SW-most village, in depths from
sandy and is scantily covered with bushes, a short distance about 9 to 17 m, sand or soft sandstone rock, but there is
inland; from about 1 mile E of Bandar Xarshow, as far as no shelter here from offshore winds.
Raas Surud, it consists of low cliffs backed by a range of 2 Many years ago anchorage was obtained about
undulating hills. 5 cables offshore in a depth of about 17 m with the
Gerad’s palace bearing 131° and in line with a gap in the
hills 5 cables farther inland; little swell is usually
Laasqoray
experienced here during the NE Monsoon. Anchorage has
Charts 6, 2950 plan of Las Khoreh also been obtained 500 m offshore, in a depth of about
Position 9 m, with the palace bearing 134° and again in line with
14.319 the gap in the foothills.
1 Laasqoray (Las Khoreh) (11°10′N, 48°12′E) is situated 3 Good anchorage is also available about 730 m N of the
about 17 miles E of Raas Kalweyn (14.159). mosque situated in the NE-most village, in the position
indicated on the plan in a depth from 9 to 11 m.
Description
14.320 Gacaan
1 Laasqoray consists of two large villages situated on the
coast about 700 m apart. Charts 6, 2950 plan of Bandar Gaan
Position
Topography 14.326
14.321 1 Gacaan (Bandar Gaan) (11°15′N, 48°21′E) is situated
1 Sand hummocks, over 1 m high, lie between the two about 2 miles SW of Raas Gacaan (14.159).
villages; NE of the NE-most village lies a flat sandy plain.
Buur Godad Minanie (11°06′N, 48°25′E) is a conical Description
mountain, which stands about 12 miles SE of Raas Laas 14.327
Macaan (14.159), and rises to a height of 1250 m; the peak 1 Gacaan is a small ruined village with a fort; a fresh
shows up well on SW bearings. water lake is situated close inland of the village.
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Drying sandbanks front the coast for about 600 m each A conspicuous tower which forms part of a brown
side of the fort; inside these sandbanks is situated a fort with a yellow top, resembling a castle, stands
shallow lagoon. at the W end of the village.
14.328 2 A brown tower, part of the ruins of a fort, stands
1 Ruins and some palm trees stand on the coast about about 100 m E of the brown and yellow fort.
6 miles ENE of Gacaan and form a rather prominent mark. A conspicuous white tower, the smallest of the three
towers, is part of a conspicuous white house which
Anchorage stands at the E end of the village.
14.329
Landing
1 Anchorage off Gacaan is reported to be bad on a rocky
14.337
bottom; depths of about 22 m (72 ft) may be found about
1 Landing may be effected at Ceelayo.
3 cables offshore.
Anchorages
14.338
Durduri 1 Anchorage may be obtained 5 cables offshore with the
Chart 6 W tower of the village (14.336) bearing 168°, in depths of
11 m; farther E, there is an appearance of shoaler water.
Position
Anchorage is also obtainable in depths of 26 m, sand,
14.330
with the W tower of the village bearing 207°, distant
1 Durduri (11°18′N, 48°35′E) is situated about 5 miles
1 mile.
WSW of Raas Cadcadde (14.160).
14.339
1 In general anchorage can be obtained along and near
Description
this coast in depths from 9 to 18 m, sand and rock. The
14.331
anchorage is quite open.
1 Durduri, which lies close E of the entrance to Khr
Durdureh (14.332), is a village containing a large, yellow Qoow
building in its centre, and two white forts one at each end
of the village. Chart 6
Landing at the village is bad, the surf being broken and Position
dangerous. 14.340
14.332 1 Qoow (Bender Siyaada) (11°14′N, 48°58′E) is situated
1 Kh r Durdureh is a creek, entered about 4 miles E of about 5 miles E of Ceelayo (14.334).
Raas Dhoftille (14.159), the entrance of which is usually Description
blocked by a sandbank. 14.341
Between Khr Durdureh and Cadcadde (1 miles E) 1 Qoow is a small town with three prominent forts, a few
(14.160), a much larger village than Durduri, several rocks white masonry houses and a large number of other
lie a short distance offshore. dwellings.
A stream, which reaches the sea about 3 miles E of
Anchorage the village, is navigable by boats for about its first 3 miles;
14.333 during the rainy season the water is fresh.
1 Anchorage has been obtained off Durduri with the
W-most fort bearing 195°, distant 7 cables, in a depth of Landmark
about 19 m. 14.342
1 Buur Geeljoogo (11°06′N, 48°52′E) stands about
20 miles SE of Raas Cadcadde (14.160) It is a
Ceelayo double peaked mountain rising to 633 m and forms
a prominent mark. The peak is one of several
Charts 6, 2950 plan of Elayu peaks along a range of mountains which stand
Position inland of the low and broken range of hills rising
14.334 near the coast. A remarkable gap in the coastal
1 Ceelayo (Elayu) (11°14′N, 48°53′E) is situated about range is situated about 19 miles ESE of Raas
15 miles ESE of Raas Cadcadde (14.160). Cadcadde.
Description Anchorage
14.335 14.343
1 Ceelayo is an easily identified village as it lies at the E 1 Anchorage may be obtained with the middle fort of
end of a black tableland (14.148). Qoow bearing 168°, distant about 1 miles, in depths of
A water course, which becomes a large stream after rain, 22 m, sand and rock, or nearer to this fort, on the same
reaches the sea about 2 miles WNW of the village. bearing, in depths of about 13 m.
Within the village, which consists mainly of huts, a Caution. Inshore of this latter anchorage berth the
ridge on which stand numerous cairns rises to a elevation depths shoal rapidly.
of about 60 m. A square, white mosque stands on a low
cliff above the foreshore. Bacaad
Chart 2970
Landmarks Position
14.336 14.344
1 The following landmarks, as shown on the chart, stand 1 Bacaad (11°21′N, 49°27′E) is situated about 1 mile SE
within the village. of Raas Buur Gaaban (14.160).
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Description Anchorage
14.345 14.356
1 Bacaad is a small village on the coast which consists of 1 Anchorage may be obtained, as shown on the chart, with
a fort and a few dwellings; a shoal, with a least depth over the residency bearing 136°, 1 mile distant, in depths of
it of 2⋅8 m (9 ft), lies about 5 cables NNW of the village. about 15 m.
14.346 Extensive anchorage may also be obtained about
1 Togga Mareero (not charted by name) is a stream on 6 cables off Qandala in depths from 8 to 11 m in fairly
the W side of Raas Axmar (14.160); it is usually dry but good holding ground. Depths in this vicinity decrease
flows after heavy rain. regularly towards the shore.
14.347 Local knowledge is required for the use of these
1 Buur Gaaban is another village (not charted) consisting anchorages.
of a few stone houses and some dwellings situated on the 14.357
coast about 1 miles E of Bacaad. 1 Caution. It is dangerous for vessels to remain anchored
Buruc is a further village consisting of a fort and a few in this roadstead when the SW Monsoon is blowing
dwellings, situated on the coast about 15 miles ENE of strongly.
Bacaad and close W of Raas Goraggii (Ras Coraghe)
(11°29′N, 49°41′E) (14.160). Qooringa Butiyaalo (Khor di Botiala)
14.358
Landmark 1 Description. Qooringa Butiyaalo (Khor di Botiala) is a
14.348 creek which extends about 4 miles, generally SE, and
1 Bur Madà Marodi (11°18′N, 49°23′E) (14.149) is a reaches the sea about 3 miles ENE of Qandala (14.351)
mountain, 872 m (2860 ft) high, standing close to after passing between two ranges of hills.
the coast between Raas Axmar (14.160) and During the rainy season there is a considerable flow of
Bacaad. water in the creek, but the creek dries at its mouth.
2 Bandar Ciadid (not charted) is a village at the mouth of
Anchorage the creek; Botiala is another village on the SW side of the
14.349 creek about 2 miles within its entrance, Botiala is not
1 Good anchorage, sheltered from offshore winds, is visible from seaward.
obtainable about 1 miles offshore between Bacaad and The entrance to the creek shows better when
Raas Buur Gaaban (14.160), a high rocky point about approaching it from the W than the E. The best landmark
2 miles NE of Bacaad. from the W is the village of Qandala; and, from the E, a
14.350 low, white sandhill, on which grows a conspicuous bush,
1 There is open anchorage, with good holding ground, off which is situated about 1 miles E of the entrance to the
Raas Aantaara (11°27′N, 49°34′E) (14.160). creek.
14.359
1 Anchorage. Good anchorage is available during offshore
Qandala winds, about 1 miles off the entrance to Khor di Botiala,
in depths from 11 to 18 m.
Charts 6, 2950 plan of Candala Local knowledge is required for the use of this
Position anchorage.
14.351
1 Qandala (Candala) (11°28′N, 49°52′E) is situated about
11 miles E of Raas Goraggii (14.160).
Dhurbo
Chart 2970
Description Position
14.352 14.360
1 Qandala is an important village, consisting of a fort, a 1 Dhurbo (Durbo) (11°37′N, 50°21′E) is situated about
residency, several masonry houses and a number of other 25 miles ENE of Point Osbolei (14.160).
dwellings: the village lies behind some sandhills.
The fort stands E of a group of trees which make good Description
marks if approaching from the W. 14.361
1 Dhurbo is a village on the coast about 2 miles ENE of
Function Raas Dhurbo (Gees Maqaasiiro), a small, rocky point which
14.353 is difficult to identify from seaward.
1 Incense and gum, obtained from the interior mountains, The village, which consists of some masonry houses, a
are exported from the village. mosque and a number of other dwellings, stands on a low
plain at the mouth of a valley. A group of palm trees close
Principal marks NE of the village is visible from some distance from
14.354 seaward.
1 Landmark:
Baxaya (11°20′N, 49°45′E) rises to a height of Anchorage
2083 m (6835 ft) about 8 miles SSE of Raas 14.362
Goraggii. It is the highest mountain in this vicinity. 1 Small vessels may obtain anchorage about 5 cables off
14.355 Dhurbo in depths of 10 m (33 ft); this anchorage is
1 Light: frequented by local craft.
A light (11°28′⋅3N, 49°52′⋅2E) is exhibited from the Local knowledge is required for the use of this
W corner of the residency. anchorage.
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CHAPTER 14
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CHAPTER 14
Function which the mountains form a steep bluff and turn abruptly
14.380 SW. At low water, there is a narrow, sandy beach which is
1 The main exports of the town include gums, hides, used for communication between Bereeda and Olog
pearls and sponges. (10 miles ESE).
The main imports include cotton goods, rice, sugar and Current
tea. 14.390
Caution 1 A number of years ago a current setting WNW at a rate
14.381 of 2 kn was observed between Raas Caseyr (11°50′N,
1 Currents setting towards the coast have been experienced 51°17′E) (14.160) and Raas Caluula (31 miles WNW)
in the neighbourhood of Raas Caluula (14.160); a WSW set (14.160) at a distance of about 5 miles offshore.
of about 2 kn has been reported when steaming E past Landing
the point. 14.391
1 Landing at Bereeda is bad but it is generally practicable
Landing W of the village.
14.382
1 Landing is reported to be easy at Caluula. Anchorage
14.392
Principal mark 1 There is a good anchorage obtainable about 4 cables
14.383 NW of the Sultan’s residence in depths of about 8⋅2 m;
1 Light: depths in the approach to the anchorage appear to be
A light (white metal framework tower; 13 m high) irregular and the bottom rocky.
(11°57′⋅8N, 50°45′⋅3E) is exhibited from the NW Local knowledge is required for the use of this
corner of the residency. anchorage.
Anchorages Olog
14.384 Charts 100, 2950 plan of Oloch and Damo
1 Anchorage may be obtained off Caluula in three anchor Position
berths, as shown on the chart; in all of the berths Raas 14.393
Caluula (14.160) bears about 054°. 1 Olog (Olod or Oloch) (11°51′N, 51°13′E) is situated
In the NE-most berth the residency bears 202° in a about 4 miles W of Raas Caseyr (14.160).
depth from about 14 to 18 m (47 ft to 59 ft).
2 In the middle berth the residency bears 180° in Description
depths from about 11 to 18 m (36 ft to 59 ft). 14.394
In the SW-most berth the residency bears about 140° 1 Olog is a village consisting of about a hundred
in depths from about 9 to 14 m (29 ft to 44 ft). dwellings and a fort which stands on a slightly undulating
14.385 sandy stretch of the coast.
1 Caution. In 1988 less water was reported in the seaward 14.395
approaches to these anchorages. 1 Damo is a village consisting of a stone house, about a
hundred other dwellings, and a fort, all situated about
Bereeda 1 miles ESE of Olog.
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30' 51° 30' 52° 30' 53° 30' 54° 30' 55°
14° 14°
30' 30'
13° 13°
100
1 5 .6
406
¸- - -
Sabuniyah
15.36 -
Rhiy di - Irisal
30' 30'
S uqutrá
Kal Farun
15.26 15.36
Abd al Køri
15.14 The Brothers
12° 15.29 12°
15.11
Raas Caseyr
14.160
30' 30'
30' 51° 30' 52° 30' Longitude 53° East from Greenwich 54° 30' 55°
0205
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CHAPTER 15
ISLANDS EASTWARD OF RAAS CASEYR — ‘ABD AL KR,
THE BROTHERS AND SUQU RÁ
GENERAL INFORMATION
Chart 2970 Tidal streams
Scope of the chapter 15.2
15.1 1 The tidal streams through the passages between the
1 The islands described in this chapter lie off the E side of various islands E of Raas Caseyr (11°50′N, 51°17′E) set N
the Horn of Africa, ENE of Raas Caseyr (11°50′N, 51°17′E) with the in-going stream flowing into the Gulf of Aden and
(14.160). S with the out-going stream, but the flow is much influenced
The routes described in this chapter pass N and S of the by the current generated by the prevailing monsoon.
off-lying islands, thence into the Arabian Sea. When not influenced by the monsoon current the rate is
There are no ports situated within this area. reported to be between 1 kn and 2 kn.
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CHAPTER 15
beaches lying between them; a reef fringes the W 3 N of Rhiy di-Ddum (12°35′N, 54°25′E), a rocky point
side of the projection. A village, with two white about 76 m high, which appears to be the E
houses and a mosque, is situated 1 mile S of Rhiy boundary of the fertile part of Suqurá (15.37); E of
di-awlaf. The point forms the E entrance point of the point hardly a shrub is to be seen and only a
Ghubbah di-adboh (15.66). few trees, but, W of the point, both hills and valleys
15.8 are covered with luxuriant vegetation, thence:
1 Thence the track continues E, passing: 4 N of Rhiy di-Irsal (Ras Radressa) (12°33′N, 54°32′E)
N of Rhiy di-Hamr (12°41′N, 54°12′E) the N a comparatively low cape forming the E extremity
extremity of a narrow peninsula on which stand two of Suqurá. The E side of the cape is fringed by a
remarkable reddish hills, the N-most of which rises reef which extends about 3 cables NNE of its N
to about 40 m; the point may be identified by these extremity, and 2 cables SE of its S extremity; shoal
two hills. A dangerous steep-to rock lies close N of depths of less than 10 m extend up to about
the cape; a rocky spit extends about 2 cables W 5 cables E and S of the point. There are strong
from the cape. Thence: tide-rips over that part of the reef extending NNE of
2 N of Ra’s Hammadara (12°39′N, 54°16′E) a low and the cape. A drying reef, over which a heavy sea
rocky point; a reef, which nearly dries, extends generally breaks, lies about 6 cables SE of the
2 miles ENE of the point, thence: S-most part of the point; a stranded wreck lies on
N of Rhiy di-Adhoh (12°37′N, 54°18′E) the W this reef, which, in 1975, had the appearance of a
entrance point to Ghubbat Timbar (15.77), thence: vessel afloat and not in any danger. See caution at
N of Rhiy di-q (12°36′N, 54°22′E) the E entrance 15.53.
point to Ghubbat Timbar. Thence:
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CHAPTER 15
MAIN ISLANDS
‘ABD AL K R Between Ra’s Lubaynah and the SE extremity of ‘Abd al
Kr (8 miles E) the coast consists of steep cliffs and is
mainly steep-to.
General information
Approach
Charts 5, 100 15.19
Position 1 If approaching ‘Abd al Kr from the E or the S the
15.14 mountains, when sighted, appear as two islands; the W-most
1 The island of ‘Abd al Kr (12°11′N, 52°15′E) lies about hills, which would be sighted later, appear as a chain of
52 miles ENE of Raas Caseyr (14.160). islands.
Function Currents
15.15 15.20
1 The island forms part of the Republic of Yemen. 1 It has been reported that the current in the month of May
set ENE at rates of between kn and 1 kn; numerous
ripples were observed in the vicinity of shoal water.
Description It has also been reported that when the NE Monsoon was
15.16 well established, a NNW-going current with a rate of 1 kn
1 A range of mountains and hills extends along the length was experienced between Raas Caseyr (11°50′N, 51°17′E)
of ‘Abd al Kr except for the middle of the island which is and ‘Abd al Kr.
low-lying.
The hills in the W part attain elevations up to 243 m; in
the E stand mountains of which there are two main summits, Cautions
the W rising to 573 m, and the E to 558 m. 15.21
Sheep and goats roam the island and fish are plentiful in 1 Owing to the higher hills being some distance inland
the surrounding waters; fresh water is only available from a from the W extremity of ‘Abd al Kr it is difficult to
number of shallow wells. estimate the distance off the point correctly; this should be
15.17 borne in mind, especially at night.
1 North and east coast. The N coast of ‘Abd al Kr In 1967 it was reported that particular caution must be
consists chiefly of a sandy beach with a few rocky points. exercised when approaching the island during the period of
Ra’s Khaisat en naum (12°14′N, 52°04′E) (15.11) forms the SW Monsoon.
the W extremity of ‘Abd Al Kr; Ra’s Haimera (5 miles E)
is a small and rocky point; dangerous rocks lie close off the
coast close W of the point. Communication
2 The N coast between Ra’s Haimera (12°14′N, 52°09′E) 15.22
and Ra’s Tarum (8 miles E) consists of small, rocky points 1 During the SW Monsoon communication with the island
with sandy beaches lying between. A dangerous rock lies by sea is not usually possible.
close offshore about 2 miles ESE of Ra’s Haimera; a spit,
with depths of less than 5⋅5 m over it, extends about 8 cables
N from the coast close to this rock. Further dangerous rocks Anchorage
lie off the N coast farther E. 15.23
3 Between Ra’s Tarum (12°13′N, 52°17′E) and Ra’s Anjara 1 Anchorage off the N side of ‘Abd al Kr is reported to
(7 miles E) (15.11) the coast is low and sandy with some be indifferent, but, during August, an anchorage berth, in a
below-water rocks lying close offshore; a few huts stand on good holding ground, was obtained with Ra’s Haimera
this shore. (12°14′N, 52°09′E) bearing 136° in a depth of 16⋅5 m, sand.
Between Ra’s Anjara and the SE extremity of ‘Abd al A number of years ago a medium sized warship obtained
Kr (2 miles SSW) lies an unnamed bay with a sandy anchorage, in a good holding ground, about 1 miles NNW
beach; above-water rocks lie about 5 cables SW of Ra’s of Ra’s Haimera, in a depth of 44 m, grey mud.
Anjara, close offshore. A small warship, a similar number of years ago, obtained
The SE extremity of ‘Abd al Kr is low and rocky; the anchorage about 4 miles E of Ra’s Haimera in a depth of
E mountain range rises in a slope from the point. about 9 m.
15.18 See also 15.25.
1 South coast. The S coast of ‘Abd al Kr is mainly
steep-to and is composed of abrupt cliffs with one small
beach; the S side of the island is not cultivated and some Bandar li
years ago was reported to appear barren and desolate.
A rocky islet lies in a bay, close off the coast, about
2 miles E of Ra’s Hattan (12°13′N, 52°06′E) (15.11); a Description
cove, encumbered with below-water rocks, lies within this 15.24
islet. Further islets and dangerous rocks lie within this bay. 1 Bandar li is a bay entered on the S side of ‘Abd al
2 A dangerous shoal area (reported 1965), in which lie Kr (15.14) between Ra’s Lubaynah (12°10′N, 52°15′E)
dangerous rocks, extends about 1 miles SE from an area on (15.11) and Ra’s Ambar (4 miles WNW).
the coast close E of Ra’s Lubaynah (12°10′N, 52°15′E) The bay lies between the ranges which lie in the E and
(15.11). W parts of the island; N of the bay stand moderately high
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CHAPTER 15
sandhills. It was reported a number of years ago that the W Local knowledge
part of the bay appeared to be encumbered with shoals. 15.33
A stranded wreck lies in the middle part of the bay. 1 Both Jazrat Samah and Jazrat Darsa are reported to
15.25 give a good radar response at a distance of about 25 miles.
1 Anchorage. During the NE Monsoon good anchorage
may be obtained within Bandar li, between 2 cables Jaz rat Samah
and 5 cables offshore, in depths from about 11 to 18 m,
coral.
Description
15.34
1 Jazrat Samah (12°10′N, 52°58′E) the W island of The
Off-lying islands
Brothers (15.29) rises to a small hill near its W extremity
Position and to a table-topped mountain which extends nearly half the
15.26 length of the island. The summit of the mountain is situated
1 Kal Farun (Kaal Firaon) (12°26′N, 52°08′E) consists of near the centre of the island and towards its S coast; its N
two rocky islets which lie on the NE part of a shoal bank, extremity is a well defined bluff.
with a least depth over it of 12 m, situated about 12 miles N 2 The coasts of Jazrat Samah are rocky. On its S side
of ‘Abd Al Kr (15.14). cliffs rise vertically from the sea.
Dangerous rocks lie on the coastal reef which extends
Description about 5 cables W of the island.
15.27 A drying reef fringes parts of Jazrat Samah; two small
1 The islets are steep-to and separated from each other by a islets lie about 4 cables off the SE side of the island.
narrow channel in which lie many below-water rocks. Landing may be made on the N coast of Jazrat Samah
The larger E islet has one peak 86 m high together with providing great care is taken.
two smaller ones; the W islet also has one peak of a similar
height, and one smaller peak. From different directions they Jaz rat Darsa
show as several peaks, all covered with guano.
Description
Off-lying bank 15.35
1 Jazrat Darsa (12°07′N, 53°17′E), the E island of The
Bacchus Bank Brothers (15.29), for the most part rises vertically from the
15.28 sea to an even, table-topped summit, 392 m high.
1 Bacchus Bank (12°13′N, 52°25′E), lies about 2 miles NE At its N extremity the coast of the island projects about
of Ra’s Anjara (15.11). 650 m from the foot of the table land.
The wind blowing against the tidal stream causes a big The island is uninhabited. A large number of rats are
ripple over the bank. reported to be present on the island.
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CHAPTER 15
harbours or anchorages and is therefore seldom visited by plateaux, with an average elevation of over 300 m, flank the
sea. W, S and E side of a nucleus of granite peaks which attain
The Sultan of Qishn and Suqurá resides at adboh elevations of more than 1200 m. These peaks are seldom free
(15.66) a small town on the N side of the island. from cloud, but, when the weather is clear, their appearance
15.39 is broken and picturesque.
1 North coast. The N coast of the island, between Ra’s 3 The whole of this elevated region is deeply intersected by
Qalansyah (12°42′N, 53°29′E) (15.6) and a position ravines and valleys which are occupied by roaring torrents in
2 miles farther ENE forms an indentation which is filled the rainy seasons of June, November and December. The
by a sandbank, nearly all of which dries; a mangrove swamp majority are empty in the dry season, although there are
lies in the middle of the bank. many perennial streams, especially in the central region. Few
2 From E of the sandbank to Rhiy di-Bashrah (12°43′N, of them reach the coast in the dry season.
53°33′E) (15.7) mountains rise almost vertically from the In the plain between ajhir and the N coast there are
coast, in places. Part of the mountain sides here are covered several valleys. In those in which streams flow there are
with sand and the shore is fronted by a rocky beach. extensive groves of date trees and some cultivated areas.
3 Between Rhiy di-Hamr (12°41′N, 54°12′E) (15.8) and
Ra’s Hammadara (4 miles ESE) (15.8) the coast is low. It
Fauna
15.43
is mostly fringed by a reef and has a few rocky points with
sandy bays lying between them. 1 The only wild animal on Suqurá is the civet cat.
4 From Ra’s Hammadara (12°39′N, 54°16′E) to Rhiy Scorpions, centipedes and a large and venomous variety of
spider called by the local name of nargub are all common
di-Ddum (10 miles ESE) (15.8) a few rocky points project
from the coast, with sand and shingle in the intervening on the low parts of the island.
bays. Date groves grow along this stretch of the coast which Language
is backed by high land. 15.44
15.40 A language, peculiar to the island, is in general use
1 South coast. A table-topped limestone range extends among the inhabitants. Arabic is spoken by the local traders
parallel with the S coast of Suqurá, generally rising a short when transacting business.
distance inland, stretching almost to the E extremity of the
island. It is in several parts, each with its own name, and Trade
each nearly separated from the others by mountain passes. 15.45
The range rises like a wall from the plain of Njid (15.42). 1 The trade of the island is small and is carried on by local
2 Between Ghubbah di-N (12°26′N, 53°28′E) (15.82) and craft from the Arabian coast which call at the island in
Rhiy di-Qaanhin (6 miles SE) (15.13) the coast is rocky January en-route to Zanzibar.
and precipitous. Local knowledge
3 r Miyf (12°27′N, 54°18′E) is the mouth of Wd 15.46
Falanj which is situated about 14 miles ENE of the village 1 Suqurá is reported to give a good radar response at a
of Aqrh (not charted by name) at the S entrance to the distance of about 25 miles.
pass between Jabal Sharbi (not charted by name), 387 m
high, (12°28′N, 54°18′E), and Jabal Falanj (3 miles E). The Local weather
coast in the vicinity of or Miyf is low and sandy, 15.47
changing to rocky cliffs about 5 cables E. 1 Though Suqurá is not very far from either Africa or
Arabia it enjoys a remarkably temperate and cool climate
compared to either of these two great land masses. This
Topography micro-climate is due to the fact both monsoons reach the
15.41
island after blowing over large expanses of water.
1 ajhir, a range of mountain peaks, rises about 30 miles W
The climate in the hills is very healthy, but, on the plains,
of the E extremity of Suqurá; Mshanig (12°36′N, 54°03′E), especially at the period of change of the monsoon, fever is
1519 m high, is the SW-most peak of the range.
reported to be prevalent.
The SW part of Suqurá is arid and barren, but much of
2 During both December and January, NNE winds prevail
the remainder is comparatively fertile being well watered by and blow in violent gusts for several days at a time such that
the monsoon rains of July and December.
the N side of the island should be given a wide berth.
2 The S coast preserves a nearly unbroken line but the N
Fine weather prevails over the island between February
and W coasts are broken into a succession of small bays, and May at which time the anchorages on the N side of the
generally with streams at their head and affording anchorage
island are considered safe.
according to season, but none of them is considered safe at 3 In June, July and August the SW Monsoon is reported to
all times of the year. blow in hard and violent gusts on the N coasts of the island;
3 Over a broad area of the island, hills rise abruptly in
on the S coast the wind is steadier and not so strong, but
vertical cliffs between 100 m and 200 m high, but, in other there is a very heavy surf. Rain falls occasionally.
places, there are plains which attain a breadth of up to During September, October and the first part of
5 miles between the base of the hills and the coast.
November light land and sea breezes prevail over the island,
15.42 which become more steady from the N towards the end of
1 Njid is situated on the S side of the island and is the November.
largest plain on the island; it extends nearly the whole length
15.48
of Suqurá and for miles it is covered with drift sand, but 1 Climatic table. See 1.275 and 1.294.
also affords pasture. On the N side of the island plains
similar to Njid occur chiefly at the mouths of streams and Currents
are the site of the only places which may be called towns. 15.49
2 In general, the internal part of Suqurá is broad, 1 The currents close to the island of Suqurá are influenced
undulating and intersected by limestone plateaux. These by the tidal streams which are very irregular, and by the
411
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CHAPTER 15
monsoon, being from the NNE in December and January This area has not been recently surveyed. See source data
and from the SW from June to August. The currents diagram on Chart 5.
generally set with the wind after it has blown hard from the
same direction for some time; rates of up to 2 kn have Bays
been reported. Bindar di- a’b
2 In the early part of the twentieth century, when the NE 15.56
Monsoon was well established, a NW-going current with a 1 Description. Bindar di-!a’b (12°35′N, 53°22′E) is a bay
rate of 2 kn was reported between the W extremity of entered between Rhiy di-!a’b (12°32′N, 53°18′E) (15.6) and
Suqurá and a position 23 miles WSW of the E extremity of Rhiy di-Bi
oh (9 miles NE) (15.6).
the island, and 1 mile offshore. A salt water lagoon is reported to lie about 5 miles ENE
of Rhiy di-!a’b. The lagoon is separated from the sea by a
Tidal streams bank of sand about 3 cables wide; it is reported to rise and
15.50 fall with the tide although it has no apparent connection with
1 The tidal streams are very irregular, sometimes running in the sea. Some mangroves grow on its banks.
one direction for 16 hours, at other times for only 6 hours, 2 Rhiy di-Isfir is a small point on the E shore of the bay
depending greatly on the strength and direction of the situated about 3 miles S of Rhiy di-Bi
oh.
prevailing wind; see also currents at 15.49. A wreck (position approximate) lies about 1 miles
The tidal streams on the S side of the island set W with offshore in the S part of the bay; tide-rips occur W of this
the in-going stream, and E with the out-going stream at a wreck.
rate of about 1 kn, but this rate is much dependent on the 15.57
wind. 1 Anchorage. Bindar di-!a’b is quite exposed to the wind
On the N side of the island the stream sets E with the during the SW Monsoon, but affords good shelter with
in-going stream, and W with the out-going stream. smooth water during the NE Monsoon, though strong squalls
Overfalls occur in places off the S coast of Suqurá. are experienced at times. There are no known dangers, and
the bottom is generally sand or rock.
Anchorages 2 The best anchorage berth, with smooth water during
15.51 periods of NE winds, is 4 miles NE of Rhiy di-!a’b
1 There are several anchorages which afford protection (12°32′N, 53°18′E) (15.6) in a depth of 20 m, white sand.
according to the prevailing monsoon, but none afford shelter This berth lies 7 cables offshore, off some mangrove trees
at all times of the year. growing N of the lagoon.
2 Anchorages on the N side of Suqurá are considered safe
in the fine weather season from February to May, when the Ghubbat Qalans yah
NE Monsoon is nearing its end. During the SW Monsoon 15.58
there is fair anchorage in all the bays E of Rhiy di-Qadmah 1 Description. Ghubbat Qalansyah (12°41′N, 53°28′E) is
(12°42′N, 53°39′E) (15.7). These anchorages are usually on entered between an unnamed point about 3 miles ENE of
a narrow bank of sand or rock, sloping rapidly into deep Rhiy di-Bi
oh (15.6) and Ra’s Qalansyah (3 miles ENE)
water. (15.6).
3 Anchorage may be obtained anywhere along the S coast 2 The shores of the bay are fringed by a reef, most of
of Suqurá, about 1 mile offshore, in depths from 16 to which dries; depths in the bay are irregular. There are tidal
22 m, sand and coral. As this coast has few inhabitants and overfalls within the bay.
very little water, it is seldom visited. A village, with a mosque, (not charted) stands close to the
coast just over 1 km S of Ra’s Qalansyah in a grove of date
and coconut trees. A lake lies close S of the village.
Cautions
15.59
15.52
1 The coast between Ra’s Qalansyah and an unnamed point
1 Owing to the imperfect nature of the surveys, navigation
(3 miles ENE) forms a bight which is foul; from the
in the vicinity of Suqurá should be undertaken with caution.
unnamed point to Rhiy di-Bashrah (12°43′N, 53°33′E)
15.53
(15.7) the coast is rocky and backed by high mountains
1 It is dangerous for vessels with a non-operational radar to
which rise steeply from the sea.
make Rhiy di-Irsal (12°33′N, 54°32′E) (15.8) at any time of
15.60
the year. During the SW Monsoon the lower land E of the
1 Anchorage. Ghubbat Qalansyah affords shelter during
mountain range is often obscured by haze and depths give
the NE Monsoon, but it is exposed during the SW
no indication of approach. During the NE Monsoon the land
Monsoon.
may be obscured at about the time of sunset by heavy rain
2 The best anchorage berth, for a small vessel, is with the
squalls.
N granite peak above Ra’s Qalansyah bearing 062° and the
15.54
mosque bearing 124°, in a depth of about 7 m, about
1 It is also necessary, during the NE Monsoon, to take great
4 cables off a sandy beach which affords the best landing in
care when making Rhiy di-!a’b (12°32′N, 53°18′E) (15.6)
the bay.
which forms the W extremity of the island as it has been
Larger vessels may anchor with the mosque bearing 135°,
reported that, at about the time of sunset, it may be obscured
distant 1 mile, in depths from 13 to 18 m.
by heavy rain squalls. The point is probably even more
obscured during the period of the SW Monsoon. Ghubbah di-Qormih
15.61
Off-lying shoals 1 Description. Ghubbah di-Qormih (12°39′N, 53°47′E) is a
15.55 bay entered between Rhiy di-Qadmah (12°42′N, 53°39′E)
1 A number of detached shoals, with least depths over them (15.7) and Rhiy di-Qormih (14 miles ESE), a low, sandy
from 34 to 55 m, lie between about 8 miles and 12 miles point fringed by a reef which extends up to 2 cables
NNW of adboh (15.66), and also farther off the coast. offshore.
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CHAPTER 15
2 The shores of the bay are low and sandy, and are backed 3 Ghubbah di-adboh is particularly unsafe during the first
by a range of mountains with an opening near its middle; half of the NE Monsoon from November to January when
another pass through the mountain range lies S of Rhiy heavy squalls from the N are frequent; February to May is
di-Qadmah. considered to be the better season.
15.62 It was reported a number of years ago that when
1 r Girmah (12°37′N, 53°47′E) is a salt water lagoon, approaching an anchorage berth in Ghubbah di-adboh
with its entrance blocked, lying just within the coast near the during the forenoon, and when at anchor in a depth of about
head of the bay; the lagoon is bounded by moderately high 13 m, the bottom was clearly visible.
cliffs. 15.69
15.63 1 A good anchor berth in the bay is with Rhiy di-awlaf
1 Anchorage. The best anchorage berth in Ghubbah (12°42′N, 54°05′E) (15.7) bearing 067° and the Sultan’s
di-Qormih is with Rhiy di-Qormih bearing about 055°, residence bearing about 175° in a depth of 16⋅5 m.
distant 1 miles. This berth is a little more than 5 cables 2 Good shelter may be obtained close under Rhiy
offshore, in depths from 9 to 11 m, sand and coral. di-awlaf, in depths from 9 to 11 m, where it is free from
2 During the SW Monsoon a heavy swell is felt in the all winds E of NE; landing on the beach in this vicinity is
anchorage when the wind is in the W. During the NE reported to be comparatively easy even when the sea may be
Monsoon there is a considerable swell in the W part of breaking off adboh.
Ghubbah di-Qormih. 15.70
1 Jetty. A reclaimed rock jetty, with a T-shaped head of
Ghubbat Q ub concrete blocks, extends about 270 m from the shore about
15.64 1 miles SSW of Rhiy di-awlaf.
1 Description. Ghubbat Q
ub is a bay entered between The jetty, which has a depth alongside of 5 m, is suitable
Rhiy di-!a’b (12°39′N, 53°54′E) (15.7), a point on the N for use, by vessels up to 42 m in length, 4⋅5 m draught and
coast of the island, and Rhiy di-bq (4 miles E) (15.7). a width of 10 m during periods of calm weather only.
A reef fringes the coast for 3 miles ESE of Rhiy di-!a’b 2 Prohibited area. It is reported that navigation in the
extending over 1 cable from the shore. vicinity of the jetty is forbidden between June and the end
2 An airfield is situated about 3 km S of Rhiy di-!a’b. of August, the period of the SW Monsoon.
15.65 15.71
1 Anchorage may be obtained within Ghubbat Q
ub 1 Landing. Landing on the shore is reported to be possible
during the SW Monsoon. on a shingle beach which lies close to the E end of the town
of adboh (15.66) and abreast some date palms.
Ghubbah di- ad boh During the NE Monsoon, when the wind is fresh from
15.66 seaward, the surf on the beach is heavy and renders landing
1 Description. Ghubbah di-adboh is a bay entered difficult and dangerous.
between Rhiy di-bq (12°39′N, 53°58′E) (15.7) and Rhiy 15.72
di-awlaf (7 miles ENE) (15.7). 1 Supplies. The town of adboh (15.66) is the most
The bay is free from dangers. Three mountain streams convenient place on the island for obtaining supplies, but at
flow into the bay. times they are scarce. It is reported that water, fish and meat
2 adboh, which stands on the shore of the bay about can usually be obtained.
3 miles E of Rhiy di-awlaf (12°42′N, 54°05′E), is the Communications. There is an airfield (15.64) situated
capital of Suqurá. The town consists of a number of white about 11 km W of the town.
stone houses built around a larger house, which is the
residence of the Sultan, all of which are surrounded by a Bindar Dibn
date grove. A palm plantation lies 1 miles E of the town. 15.73
3 The village of Shiq lies E of adboh. 1 Description. Bindar Dibn is a bay entered W of Rhiy
di-Hamr (12°41′N, 54°12′E) (15.8).
Principal marks The bay is free from dangers apart from a spit, on which
15.67 there are dangerous rocks and which extends up to 2 cables
1 Landmarks: N and W of the cape.
ajhir (12°36′N, 54°03′E) (15.41). 15.74
awr (12°40′N, 54°05′E) is a prominent twin-peaked 1 Anchorage sheltered from E winds is obtainable by small
hill. The E half of the hill is composed of yellow vessels with Rhiy di-Hamr bearing about 067°, SW of the
sand and the W half of brown rock. The boundary spit, in depths of about 6 m.
between these two halves is a sharp and noticeable 2 Good anchorage may also be obtained in Bindar
line. On a SE bearing, at a distance of between di-Lshah (not charted by name), which forms the W part of
about 10 miles and 12 miles, the hill appears like a Bindar Dibn anywhere near the shore. This is the most
white cliff sloping towards the S. sheltered anchorage that may be obtained off Suqurá during
15.68 the SW Monsoon; a good berth is reported to be between
1 Anchorage. During the SW Monsoon, anchorage within 3 cables and 5 cables offshore, with a sandhill reported as
Ghubbah di-adboh is exposed to strong squalls from the standing on the coast about 2 miles W of Rhiy di-Hamr
mountains and a heavy swell sets in when the wind is well (12°41′N, 54°12′E), bearing 180°
in the W, making good ground tackle necessary. Holding 3 Local knowledge is required for the use of these two
ground within the bay is fair and is made up of sand and anchorage berths.
stones with patches of mud.
2 When the SW Monsoon is unusually violent, small Bindar Qaryih
vessels may obtain shelter within Ghubbah di-adboh, 15.75
particularly if the wind is well to the S, when the sea in the 1 Description. Bindar Qaryih is a bay entered E of Rhiy
bay will be comparatively smooth. di-Hamr (12°41′N, 54°12′E) (15.8); r Qaryih is a creek
413
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CHAPTER 15
414
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APPENDIX I
The area bounded by lines joining the following positions is declared dangerous to mines.
Charts 2373, 2374
(a) 28°38′⋅5N, 32°51′E.
(b) 28°38′⋅5N, 32°53′E.
(c) 28°35′⋅0N, 32°56′E.
(d) 28°33′⋅5N, 32°55′E.
415
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APPENDIX II
416
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APPENDIX III
417
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APPENDIX III
418
Home Contents Index
APPENDIX III
ELAT
'AQABA
30´ 30´
29° 29°
EL QUARNÛS
A
A B
' A Q
O F
E
L F
G U
NABQ
28° 28°
TIRAN
S C
T
R
A
IT
RÂS MUHAMMAD
O NATIONAL PARK
F B
G A
U
B
A
L
R E D S E A
30´ 30´
Longitude 34° East from Greenwich 30´ 35°
Protected reefs on the Egyptian coastline - Sinai Peninsula and Gulf of 'Aqaba
419
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APPENDIX III
H
HURGHADA
27° 27°
SAFÂGA S
26° 26°
R E D S E A
25° 25°
ABU EL KIZÂN (Daedalus Reef)
(see 4.26)
(see 5.168)
QUL'ÂN ISLANDS
24° 24°
RÂS BANIYÂS
GEZÎRET ZABARGAD
(see 4.15)
(see 5.11)
23° 23°
(see 5.11)
GEZÎRAT
HALAIB
420
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th
b
Ad
de
Li
en
ab
Al
M
635
Aq
sa
1246 el
a
688
As
er
so
b
rb
aa
Be
ti
os
ou
138 701 1308 216 166
Bo
ah
ib
wa
421
dd
.
sa
130 615 1222 130 80 156 377
ch
la
Je
la
as
la
An
al
701 148 569 566 602 768 955 682
n
Sa
M
da
uk
399 308 896 254 292 458 645 372 366
ib
Su
M
rt
ar
277 912 1519 427 377 343 189 404 979 669
Po
Gh
rt
596 1231 1838 746 696 658 436 722 1298 988 333
Po
.
ga
Is
s
hr
658 170 639 524 561 727 914 641 154 307 938 1257
Ra
fa
Ba
er
1203 649 191 1066 1103 1269 1456 1183 531 854 1480 1799 596
Sa
ak
al
1109 553 179 969 1006 1172 1359 1086 436 757 1383 1702 508 123
Sh
ez
u`
1132 578 130 995 1032 1198 1385 1112 460 784 1409 1728 694 71 53
Su
nb
1307 746 276 1164 1200 1366 1553 1280 628 973 1577 1896 694 98 233 168
Ya
883 329 413 747 783 949 1136 863 209 545 1160 1479 299 377 285 306 475
Home Contents Index
INDEX
Names without a paragraph number are for gazetteer purposes only
A‘ Shaghpah, Jazrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.179 Ab Ra Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.175 Adjuz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.75
Aantaara, Raas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.160 Abu Rimâthi, Sha‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.383 Aduali, Jebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.73
Abakere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.267 Abu Rimâthi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.390 Adulis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.50
Abana, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.160 Abu Rudeis, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.252 Afkala Haya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.374
Abarah, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.117 Ab a’ad, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.415 Agaraf, Pointe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.52
Abaya
Jabal Al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 Ab di’, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 Agwatiri, Khr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.297
Abaya
Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.124 Ab Sahim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.331 Ahmar, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.58
Abb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.161 Abu Saiyl Reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.46 Aids to Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.27
Abbaguba, Isolotto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.80 Ab Sayf, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 Ain Sukhna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.101
Abd Allh Gharb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.21 Abu Sha‘r Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.361 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.34
‘Abd al Kr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.14 Abu Shar el Qibli, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . 3.323 Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.101
Abdehan, Wadi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.152 Abu Shadd Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.169 Ajusak Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.177
Abd el Kader Peninsula . . . . . . . . . . . 7.145 Ab Shagrb, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.16 Akbar qayl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.147
Abd−el−Kader, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.176 Ab Shajarsh Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.169 Akbaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.142
Abdur, Monte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.55 Ab Shammah, Jazrat . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.25 ‘Akbayn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.134
Abeilat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.200 Abu Sha‘r, Sha‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.337 Akhawein, El− . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.22
Abur, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.270 Ab Shar‘ah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.116 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13
Abur, Sharm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.270 Ab Shawk Inlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.48 Akhd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.248
Abington Reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.16 Ab Shawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.142 Akloo, Buur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.299
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.14 Ab Shawk, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.49 Akrab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.96
Ablo Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.40 Abu Sherayu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.103 Aktf, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8
Abou Mâya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.62 Abu Shiban, Sha‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.333 Al = the definite article; see proper name.
Abrhud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.12 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.333 Al, Wd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.277
Abtain Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.138 Ab Shuqar Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.203 al‘Abd, Jazrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.96
Ab ‘Al Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.45 Ab Shuqar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.203 Alali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.278
Ab ‘Al Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.43 Ab Shshah, Jazrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.13 Alat Ela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.22
Ab al Akh
ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.442 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.13 Alaulli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.264
Ab al Yahd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.440 Abu Sma, Rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.15 Aleita, Monte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.51
Abu ‘Asal, Khr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.243 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14 Alet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.266
Ab as Sab‘, Khawr . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.81 Abu Sul, Sha‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.352 Ali, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.59
Ab Bakr, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.38 Abu Suweira, Rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.37 ’Al Jazrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.419
Abu Dabbâb, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.44 Abu Terrda Islets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.217 Ali, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.23
Abu Dara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19 Abu Tig Marina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.362 Ali, Shab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.122
Abu Disba, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.332 Abu Tiyûr, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.41 Ali, Sha‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.41
Abu Diyâb, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.47 Abu Yabis, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.346 Oilfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.68
Ab Ddah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.52 Ab Zabl, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.201 Ali, Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.65
Abu Durba, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.235 Ab Zahr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.121 Ali−Birk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.72
Abu Durba Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.235 Ab Zahrah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.41 Alibarate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.51
Abu el Darag Shoal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.37 Abu Zenîma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.289 Alid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.72
Abu el Darag, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.37 Abu Zenîma, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.289 Aliya Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.47
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.34 Abulad Islets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.116 Almis, Jebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.290
Abu el Khosu, Shab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.44 Acbaro Kebr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.82 Alob, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.200
Abu el Kizân . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.24 Acbaro Seghr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.82 Alula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.378
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Achelo, Monte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.72 Alula, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.160
Ab Farmish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.277 Ad Dah‘ir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.176 Amal Oilfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.64
Abu Fatma, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19 Ad Dahariz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.65 ’Amart Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.329
Abu Fendera, Sha’ab . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.166 Ad Darb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.80 Amas, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.50
Abu Galûm, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.56 Ad Dissn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.138 Ambabbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.23
Abu Gosha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.266 ‘Adabîya Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.259 ‘Ambâda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.83
Abu Gurdi, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.143 ‘Adabîya Harbour, El Ambadu, Khor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.83
Abu Handal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.11 Arrival information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.272 Ambar, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.24
Ab rith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.403 Berths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.276 Amrac, Khr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.136
Ab ufrah, Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.419 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.261 Ambarughli Kebr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.247
Abu Huswa, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.235 Port services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.278 Ambarughli Saghr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.247
Abu ‘Imma, Jebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.252 ‘Adabîya, Râs el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.259 Ambouli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.120
Abu ‘Imma, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.251 Adado, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.160 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.123
Abu Kulr Reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.13 dahula Dest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.264 Amen Khal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.74
Abu Latt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.33 Adbara Kebir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.115 Amer Oilfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.54
Ab Madafi’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.274 Adbara Seghir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.115 minah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.232
Ab Madd, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.104 Addar Ail Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.60 ’Amman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.134
Abu Marina Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.353 Aden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.26 ’Ammr, Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.12
Ab Masrib, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.12 Arrival information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.54 ‘Amy‘, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.121
Ab Matr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.145 Basins and berths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.86 An Nabqyah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.22
Ab Matnah, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.60 Directions An Nal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.173
Abu Minqâr Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.369 Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.75 An−Nu‘mn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.21
Ab Mukhdij, Mars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.33 Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.82 an Nu‘mn, Sharm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.31
Abu Musha Shoals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.47 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.26 An−Nuwayshizyah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.24
Ab Nalhah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.444 Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.66 Anbar, Sha‘ab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.142
Abu Nigara, Sha‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.338 Inner Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.93 ndeba Ye Midir Zerf Ch’af . . . . . . . . . 7.44
Abu Nuhâs, Sha‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.42 Limiting conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.41 ndber Dest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.127
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.42 Little Aden Oil Harbour . . . . . . . . . 12.86 Anfile Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.259
Ab Qiymah, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.19 Little Aden Peninsula . . . . . . . . . . . 12.29 Anfile, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.259
Abu Rabah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.92 Outer Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.67 Angar, Khor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.16
Abu Ramla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.66 Port services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.115 Angarosh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.16
Ab Ra Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.145 Aden Peninsula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.30 ‘ni, Ra’s al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.147
422
Home Contents Index INDEX
Anjara, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.11 Ash Shaykh al Jawhar . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.21 Bahari, Sharm el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.38
Ankhor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.230 Ash Shaykh Mirb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.113 Bahdr Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.344
Anrata, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.45 Ash Shi’bayn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.409 Bahr el Qulzum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.202
Anse = bay; see proper name. Ash Sihr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.205 ‘Atâqa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.249
Antalo, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.119 Ash Sihr Oil Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . 12.205 Anchorages in Bahr el Qulzum . . . . 2.222
‘Antar, Sharm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.40 Arrival information . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.217 Group A anchorages . . . . . . . . . . 2.228
Antara, Jebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.160 General information . . . . . . . . . . . 12.205 Group B anchorages . . . . . . . . . . 2.230
Antuk, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.19 Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.224 Group C anchorages . . . . . . . . . . 2.233
‘Aqaba, El Limiting conditions . . . . . . . . . . . 12.213 Group D anchorages . . . . . . . . . . 2.236
Arrival information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.141 Port services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.227 Group H anchorages . . . . . . . . . . 2.238
Berths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.152 Ash Shuqayq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.101 Channels through Bahr el Qulzum
Control Tower Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.132 Ashayzeniyat, Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.110 Eastern Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.217
General information . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.120 Ashgar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.113 Newport Rock Channel . . . . . . . 2.221
Industrial Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.167 ‘shiq Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.234 Western Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.220
Limiting conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.135 ‘shiq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.234 El ‘Adabîya Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . 2.261
Marine Peace Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.131 Ashkharah, Al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.230 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.202
Port services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.161 Ashrâfi Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.339 Gûnet el ‘Adabîya . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.259
Royal Jetty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.144 Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.313 Marsa Badr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.256
South Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.134 Oilfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.70 Oil Berth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.240
Aqt, Ra’s al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.157 Reef Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.35 Vegetable Oil Berth . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.245
Aqit, Ra’s al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.157 Ashrâfi, Sha‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.313 Bar Ibn ‘Abbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.41
Aqrh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.40 Asis, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.325 Bahri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.403
Aqrab Islets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.353 Asmara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.108 Bahriya Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.353
Ar, Ra’s, Bandar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.157 Asoteriba, Jebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.17 Bahriya Tawîla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.358
Ar Ra’s al Aswad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.266 Astrib, Jibl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.180 Baia di Brassy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.14
Ar Ra’s al Abya
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.105 Assarca Islets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.42 Baie = bay; see proper name.
Ar Rayyn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.207 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.42 Baka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.80
Ar−Ar, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.129 Asses Ears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.248 Balaan, Khr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.135
Ar−Ra’s al Abaya
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.227 Aswad, Ra’s al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.266 Balfe Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.83
‘Arab, Sharm el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.34 Aswân High Dam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.89 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.83
Arab Petroleum Pipeline Company . . . 3.107 ‘At, Merset et . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.19 Balf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.241
Arab Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.43 At Tihma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.31 Ban River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.149
Arab Shoal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.12 Ata, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.302 Ban Wd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.149
‘Araba, Wdi al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 Ata, Sha‘ab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.132 Banâs, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14
Arafali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.50 Atantûr, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.55 Bant Murshid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.201
‘rah, Ra’s al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.17 ‘Atâqa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.249 Banc = bank; see proper name.
A‘raja, Ra’s al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.19 ‘Atâqa, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.203 Banco Erc Abdulla−Abu−Madda . . . . . 7.42
Arakiyai, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.286 ‘Atâqa Reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.260 Bandar = bay, harbour, port; see proper
Aranat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.125 ‘Atâqa, Sha‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.260 name.
’Arar Range, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.75 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.260 Banka Arab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.15
Arassan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.259 Atbara, River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.104 Baqara, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.96
Arb, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.31 ‘Ay Ra’s al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.228 Baqlah, Mars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.143
Ar
ayn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.161 Attabarran, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.115 Baradli, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.127
Aroor, Buuraha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.146 Auagudur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.273 Baradu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.115
Arpha Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.97 Aucan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.139 Baranlo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.48
Artau, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.51 Auliya, Ra’s el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.332 Bareika, Mersa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.16
‘Ars, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.297 Avocet Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.17 Bargaal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.259
A alf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.60 Awali Hutub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.92 Bardi, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.111
Arrival information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.69 Awali Shaura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.92 Barlow Patches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.42
Berths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.73 Aweitir, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.289 Barm al Agi Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.45
Cement Berth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.77 Awqad, Khawr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.90 Barn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.200
Deep Water Berth . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.76 ‘Awwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.170 Barn Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.75
Offshore Berth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.73 Axmar, Raas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.160 Barôk, Sha‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.352
Ro−Ro Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.75 ‘Ayn, Ghubbat al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.240 Barr al Hikman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.162
General information . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.60 ‘Aynnah, Wd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.27 Barr Ms Kebir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.19
Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.72 Ayrat Areel, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.98 Barr Ms Saqir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.19
Limiting conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.66 Az Zaghfah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.207 Barracouta Shoal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.353
Port services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.79 Azalea Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.97 Barrqah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.150
A alf Blockhouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.72 Azalea Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.97 Barri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.159
A amdyah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.399 ‘Azz, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18 Barrow Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.149
As Sawd‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.127 Azov Patch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.326 Barton Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.105
Asad, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.148 Bashayer Oil Terminal
‘As‘ale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.34 Arrival information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.94
Asbab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.112 Berth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.105
Ascoma, Monte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.269 B Ghashwah, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.151 Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.109
seb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.202 B Ja‘ash, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.255 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.83
Arrival information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.220 Bb el Mandeb, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.92 Harbour entrance light . . . . . . . . . . 6.111
Berths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.235 Bab el Mandeb, Straits of . . . . . . . . . . . 4.71 Limiting conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.88
Directions for entering harbour . . . 7.234 Bacaad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.344 Port services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.112
Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.231 Bacchus Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.28 Bathing Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.266
Limiting conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.213 Ba
‘ Al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.31 Batûga, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.159
Port services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.240 Badr, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.256 Bawbat al Mamarr ad Dkhilyah . . . 9.401
seb Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.244 Badri Oilfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.58 Bawbat al Mamarral Wusá . . . . . . . . 9.401
Asfar, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.32 Baeki, Monte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Bawrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.182
Ash Sharfa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.54 Bad Sharm al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.28 Bawati, Jebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.180
Ash Sharmah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.47 Baghdâdi, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Baxaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.354
Berths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.56 Baghlah, Al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.200 Bay
Dimnah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.168
General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.47 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.67 Bay
Ra’s al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.17
Port services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.59 Bahar, Râs el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.216 Bay
’, Al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.164
423
Home Contents Index INDEX
424
Home Contents Index INDEX
Dabbah, Sharm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.61 Dehret Segala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.121 di−!a’b, Rhiy: N coast Suqutrá . . . . . . . 15.7
Dabranqa, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.327 Deir Umm Diheis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.363 di−!a’b, Rhiy: W extremity Suqutrá . . . 15.6
Dad Ye Midir Zerf Ch’af . . . . . . . . . . 7.199 Delesen, Isolotto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.80 Dishet Abu Hurghada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.361
Daedalus Reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.24 Deqayeq, Sha‘b ed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.329 Dishet Abu Minqâr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.369
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Dercos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.248 Dishet el−Dhaba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.32
Daffah, Ra’s ad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.230 Derbsasa Dest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.45 Dissn, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.138
Dagdere, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.266 Dergamman Kebr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.77 Dissei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.63
Dahab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.56 Dergamman Seghr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.44 Dissei, Isola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.63
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.53 Dergoman Kebir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.120 Dissei, Monte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.63
Dahlak Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.87 Dergoman Seghir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.120 Distress and Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.69
East central part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.94 Derom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.96 Rescue services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.70
North East Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.105 Deversoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.172 Dives Shoal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.149
North part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.91 Deversoir By−pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.169 Djebel−Jan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.15
South East of Dehalak’ Dest . . . . . 7.138 East Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.170 Djibouti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.86
West central part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.101 West Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.171 Arrival information . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.104
Dahlak Reefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.43 Dh Al Fayf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.144 Basins and berths . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.129
Dahleid, Banco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.75 Dhahakn, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.80 Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.121
Dahleid, Isolotto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.74 Dha−n−nafarik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.120 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.86
Dahlia Passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.117 Dhafghan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.265 Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.114
Dahlia Shoal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.37 Dhhik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.120 Horizon Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.115
Dahrat ‘Abid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.20 Dhalqut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.12 International airport . . . . . . . . . . . 14.141
Dahrat Asis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.353 Dhanab al Qirsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.210 Aero Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.120
Dahrat Ed Dak Hillat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.20 Dharri, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.145 Jetée du Gouvernement . . . . . . . . 14.133
Dahrat Ed Dakhla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.20 Dhaxsi, Buuraha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.150 Jetée du Gouvernement Light . . . . 14.127
Dahrat Qab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.352 Dh
ay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.67 Jetée du Large . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.135
Dahret: North East Channel . . . . . . . . 7.113 Dhoftille, Buur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.159 Jetée du Marabout . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.114
Dahret: North Massawa Channel . . . . . 7.31 Dhoftille, Raas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.159 Limiting conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.97
Dahret Dulke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.120 Dh Dafr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.160 Môle du Fontainebleau . . . . . . . . . 14.134
Dahret Kabari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.95 Dhu Hirab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.68 NW Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.123
Dakliyat, Khr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.186 Dhu Hirab Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.68 SE Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.129
Berths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.187 Dhu Nishab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.121 Môle Nord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.136
Dakliyat Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.186 Dhu−l−ankibat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.96 Môle Sud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.132
Dalcus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.115 Dhu−l−bia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.120 Port du Héron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.136
Dm, Ra’s ad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.184 Dhu−l−fidol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.96 Port services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.138
Damath, Sha‘ab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.305 Dhu−l−kuff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.120 Doewa Reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.144
Dama Dama Oil Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . 6.76 Dhu−l−kurush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.139 Dofueur, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.125
Damma Damma Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.66 Dhu−lalam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.96 Dogon, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.186
Damo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.395 Dhu−rijrij . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.126 Dohra Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.11
Damon Pythias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.142 Dhubb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.280 Dohul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.115
Damqawt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.22 Dhufr Plain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.63 Dohul Bahut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.31
Danak Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.12 Dhuladhiya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.95 Dolphin Cove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.55
Danger Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.182 Dhulakal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.121 Dmesh Sheikh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.19
Dankali, Banc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.36 Dhunayb, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.267 Dorâlé, Baie de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.24
Dannabah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.273 Dhurbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.360 Dorish Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.44
Darad, El . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.303 Dhurbo, Raas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.361 Double Peak Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.65
Dar Ah Teras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.353 di−Adhoh, Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 Douglas Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.44
Dar Ottun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.115 di−Bashrah, Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.7 Du−Barr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.122
Dar Solum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.97 di−Bi
oh, Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6 Duan, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.37
Dra Lagoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.290 di−Diblih, Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.13
ub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.64
Daralehe, Buur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.151 di−Ddum, Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 Arrival information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.76
arbat ‘Al Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.19 Di−Dya‘ah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.13 Berths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.85
Darjah, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.152 di−Hamr Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.80
Dark Point of Shuwmyah . . . . . . . . 13.108 Diamond Shoal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.328 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.64
Darr, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.298 Dîb, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.40 Limiting conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.72
Darmkia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.249 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.34 Port services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.90
Darraka: Dahlak Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.121 Dibia, Gezîret el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.15 Town of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.65
Darraka: Sawkin Group . . . . . . . . . . 6.353 Dibsel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.19
ub village . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.93
Darraka el Bahr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.121 Difnein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.12
ub Bulk Plant (Tanker) Terminal . . . 9.92
Darsa, Jazrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.35 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.12 Arrival information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.97
Datum Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.121 di-adboh, Ghubbah . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.66 Berth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.100
Dauqa, Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.12 di−awlaf, Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.7 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.92
Daw‘an, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.59 di−bq, Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.7 Limiting conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.95
Dawba‘ Ra’s ad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.35 Diheisa, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.36 Port services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.101
Dawharb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.68 di−q, Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 Dubar, Buuraha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.166
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.68 di−Irsal, Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8
ubbah, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.226
Dawat awqirah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.116 di−Isfir, Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.56 Dubr, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.161
Dawm, Ghubbat ad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.115 Diknaw, Ghubb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.56 Dubriyaad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.166
Dawoureet, Al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.191
ila, Ra’s a
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.144 Dudo, Mersa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.269
Dawwah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.189 Dilemmi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.61 Dufare Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.77
Daydalib, Sha‘ab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.216 di−Mm Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.78 Dule, Monte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.48
Dayy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.172 di−N, Ghubbah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.82 Duliacus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.115
Dead Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.25 di−Qadmah, Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.7 Dumaygh, Sharm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.37
Debel Ali, Isolotto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.79 di−Qaanhin, Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.13 Dumeira Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.82
Deeny Patches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.28 di−Qormih, Ghubbah . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.61 Dumeira, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.82
Deep Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.354 di−Qormih, Rhiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.61 Dumsuq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.152
Degay Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.234 Dirbait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Dungunb Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.266
Dehalak’ Dest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.116 Dirra, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.51 Duqaylah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.164
Dehalak’ Kebr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.137 Dirtit, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.334 Duqm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.147
Dehaneba, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.82 Dis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.151 Duqm, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.147
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427
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430
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431
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432
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433
Home Contents Index INDEX
Seil ‘Ada Kebr Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.349 Sharmah, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.151 Sindi Sarso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.67
Seil ‘Adá aghr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.349 Sharwayn, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.152 Sinn Bîshr, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.234
Seil Abullen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.273 Shatira Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.331 Sintian, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.82
Seil Adasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.113 Shatt, El− . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.193 irb, Ghubbat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.158
Seil Anber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.112 Shaybr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.110 irb, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.148
Seil Arabi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.120 Shaykh ‘Abd Allh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.238 rah Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.137
Seil Badira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.31 Shaykh, Bandar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.120 Sirbut, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.199
Seil Bahr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.346 Shaykh Birkhud, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.97 Sirrayn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.35
Seil Bayus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.125 Shaykh Humayd, Ra’s ash . . . . . . . . . . 8.55 Sirrayn Patches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.35
Seil Betta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.97 Shaykh Ml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.92 Sitarab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.216
Seil Harmil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.112 Shaykh Sa‘d, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.92 Six Foot Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.184
Seil Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.66 Shear, Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.15 Siyâl Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.167
Seil Norah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.97 Sheikh el Abu Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.31 Siyara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.297
Seil Sèlafi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.272 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.31 Siyul el Soghira Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.332
Seil Sikan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.120 Sheikh el Bitân, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.56 Siyûl Kebîra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.42
Seil Umm Ali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.137 Sheikh Ibrahim, Marsa esh . . . . . . . . . 6.307 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.35
Seil Wusta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.102 Sheikh Mahmud Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.216 Siyyân . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.83
Seil: Anfile Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.45 Sheikh, Marsa esh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.310 Siyyân Himâr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.83
Sl bayil Dest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.200 Sheikh Riyâh Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.308 Siyyân, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.83
Sla Terara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.73 Sheikh Said Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.153 Skenat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4
Sèlafi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.272 Sheikh, Sharm el− . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 Slick Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.150
Sells Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.178 Shekub, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.325 Small Reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18
Senacca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.225 Shellâl, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.233 Small Strait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.91
Senach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.121 Shendidai, Jebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.17 Socotra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.37
Seril Badira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.103 Sher Mahamat, Pointe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.52 Soguri, Khr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.135
Seven Fathom Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.45 Sherâtîb, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.38 Sokhna Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.76
Sha‘ab, shaab, shab, sha‘b = reef; see proper Sherâtîb Shoals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.39 Arrival information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.83
name. Shi‘ab Ab Shawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10 Berths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.91
Sha‘ab Ali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.217 Shi‘b = reef; see proper name. Directions for entering harbour . . . . 3.89
Sha’ab, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.171 Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.111 Gas tanker terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.93
Sha‘rah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.203 Shi‘bat ’Al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.419 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.76
Shab, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6 Shbayrim, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.347 Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.88
Shaab The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.165 Shbshab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.45 Limiting conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.80
Shaba, Jebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.320 Shiddah, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.114 Somali, Banc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.26
Shabarango, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.220 Shift Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.31 Somalia Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.26
Shabbah, Jabal ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.194 Shmbiris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.146 Sono Ali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.34
Shabir, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.41 Shin‘b, Jebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.264 South Al Wasm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.75
Shacaabi Salbaal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.229 Shin‘b, Khr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.259 South minah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.232
Shacaabi Shiikh Yacquub . . . . . . . . . 14.272 Shin‘b, Sha‘ab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.261 South Anchorage, Marsa Halaib . . . . . 6.234
Shad Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.32 Ship Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.66 South Bay, Jabal Zuqar Island . . . . . . . 4.48
Shadd el ‘Uyûn, Ghubbet . . . . . . . . . . 2.281 Shiq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.66 South Belayim Oilfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.63
Shadwân Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.331 Shirf, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 South Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.145
Shag Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.42 Shoe Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.36 South East Bay: ansh al Kubrá . . . . . 4.61
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.35 Shoke, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.119 South East Bay:
Shaghaf, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.179 Shoora, Khoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.231 Marsa Abu ‘Imma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.254
Shaikh Barghth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.28 Shu’aybah, Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.110 South East Patches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.13
Sha’r, Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.11 Shubuk Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.212 South East Reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.209
Shajart, Ra’s ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.161 Shubuk, Sha‘ab el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.214 South Fairway Reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.111
Shaj‘ah, Shi‘b ash− . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10 Shuhayr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.207 South Fanaadir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.200
Shajrit, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.161 Shujayrah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.111 South Island: El−Akhawein . . . . . . . . . 4.22
Shaker Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.42 Shukheir, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.40 South Massawa Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.35
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.35 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.34 South Point: Trinkitat Harbour . . . . . . 6.315
Shakhw Wd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.148 Light−float . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.40 South Qeisûm Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.357
Shakhs, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.45 LPG Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.176 South Rakau Beacon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.333
Shakhs, Shab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.45 Oil Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.152 South Shoal: Centre Peak Island . . . . . . 4.42
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.45 Shuma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.68 South Shoal: Gulf of Suez . . . . . . . . . . . 3.37
Shakir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.13 Shumma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.43 Light−buoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.37
Shamm, Ra’s ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.218 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.43 South Shoals, Al Mukh . . . . . . . . . . 11.250
Shamsn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.30 Shuraim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.111 South Sister . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.263
Shamsn South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.30 Shuula, Raas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.235 South Sulain Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.116
Shand Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.102 Shuwmyah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.108 South Tawîla Beacon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.358
Shannaqiif, Raas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.161 Shuwmyah, Ra’s ash . . . . . . . . . . . 13.108 South West Haycock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.17
Shap Ras Bnas Light−beacon . . . . . . . 5.151 fah, Jazrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.178 South West Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.208
Shaqr’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.229 Signal Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.98 South West Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.355
Shr, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.64 South West Rock: Dolphin Cove . . . . . 7.55
Sharbain Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.39 Storm signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.66 South West Rocks: ansh el Kubrá . . 4.17
Sharbi, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.40 Traffic signals Spit Reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.99
Sharbitht, Bandar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.108 Harbour movements . . . . . . . . . . . 1.65 Light−beacon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.99
Sharbitht, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.104 Suez Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.64 Spit Summit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.147
Sharik, Ra’s ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.229 Siigaale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.275 Square Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.133
Shark Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.51 Sikeit, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.55 Starkey Patch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.350
Shark Shoal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.42 Sikha Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.150 Stewart Islets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.68
Sharkht . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.273 ila Shoal, Light−buoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.19 Strait of Gubal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.311
Sharm = cove; see proper name. Silayet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.191 Strawbridge Strait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.154
Sharm, Shi‘b ash− . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.193 Silayet al Shubuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.209 Strickland Shoal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.73
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.193 Silayet South End Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.63 Su‘di, Sha‘ab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.183
Sharmah Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.151 Simbel, Sha‘ab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.217 Subaikha, Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.24
Sharmah, Jazrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.151 Sinai Peninsular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.90
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ub Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.107 Sumayr: Jazir Farasn . . . . . . . . . . . 10.154 The Paps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5
Sudr, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.239 Sunnyah, Jabal as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.81 Thelemet, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.230
Oil Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.239 Sq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.248 Thelemet, Mersa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.228
Suez Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.202 Suqurá . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.37 Thomas Reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.40
‘Atâqa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.249 Surayr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.156 Three Fathom Bank: Dahlak Bank . . . . 7.92
Anchorages in Suez Bay . . . . . . . . . 2.222 Surcouf, Banc du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.45 Three Fathom Banks:
Group A anchorages . . . . . . . . . . 2.228 Surud Cad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.146 South Massawa Channel . . . . . . . . . . . 7.45
Group B anchorages . . . . . . . . . . 2.230 Surud, Raas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.159 Three Foot Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.66
Group C anchorages . . . . . . . . . . 2.233 Surûr, Sha‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.314 Thukhayr, Jazrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.185
Group D anchorages . . . . . . . . . . 2.236 Suwayhil al Kabr, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.56 Tidhkr Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.37
Group H anchorages . . . . . . . . . . 2.238 Suwayhil a Saghr, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.56 Tîh, Gebel el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.234
Channels through Suez Bay Suweis, El . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.304 Tilly Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.138
Eastern Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.217 Suyl ansh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.66 Timbar, Ghubbat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.77
Newport Rock Channel . . . . . . . 2.221 Sweet Water Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Tîna, El . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.144
Western Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.220 Syagros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.152 Tiqfsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.183
General information . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.202 Trn, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.31
Gûnet el ‘Adabîya . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.259 Trn, Strait of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.29
Marsa Badr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.256 T’’o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.45 Trn Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.31
Oil Berth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.240 Table Peak Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.33 Togga = dry watercourse, watercourse; see
Vegetable Oil Berth . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.245 abt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.21 proper name.
Suez Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Taclai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.17 Tohen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.151
Ahmed Hamdy Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . 2.191 Taclai, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.16 Tokar Shoal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.315
Bûr Sa‘d By−pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.141 Tad−hib Adl Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.145 Tokhoshi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.269
Bûr Sa‘d West Branch . . . . . . . . . . 2.140 Tadjourah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.51 Tokhoshi, Raas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.269
Bûr Tawfîq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.196 Tagarré . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.37 Tolka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.84
Currents and tidal streams . . . . . . . 2.126 Tag Terara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.73 Tongue Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.52
El Ballâh East Branch . . . . . . . . . . . 2.148 Tagwiai, Jebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.180 Tooxin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.151
El Ballâh West Branch . . . . . . . . . . 2.149 Taih, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.129 Tor Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.40
El Câp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.144 ’ir, Jazrat a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.26 Tor Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.122
El Dars Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.194 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Toronbi, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.40
El Gineifa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.190 Talwn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.179 Toronbi, Râs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16
El Qantara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.145 Talla Talla Kebir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.351 Towartit Reefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.65
El Shallûfa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.190 Talla Talla Saqir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.210 Elbow Beacon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.109
El Tîna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.144 Tallai Mira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.299 No 4 Light−beacon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.110
Gebel Maryam War Memorial . . . . 2.166 Tamar Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.163 No 5 Light−beacon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.111
General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.194 No 9 Light−beacon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.143
Navigation in the Suez Canal Tamarshira Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.351 North Beacon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.46
Convoy system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.32 Tamnum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.270 Towartit Reefs Anchorage . . . . . . . . . . 6.46
Mooring in the Suez Canal . . . . . . 2.75 Tanam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.102 East Light−beacon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.47
Pilotage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.48 Tanka, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.234 North Light−beacon . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.109
Projector and lighting . . . . . . . . . . 2.80 Tankfl, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.280 South Light−beacon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.48
Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.84 Tanta Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.331 Towartit, Sha‘b, No 5 Light−beacon . . 6.111
Ship handling in the Suez Canal . . 2.99 qah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.63 Tower Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.235
Signals in the Suez Canal . . . . . . . 2.85 Taqdara, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.327 Traffic and Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.16
Aids to navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.68 Tarafaniya al Kabira, Al . . . . . . . . . . . 6.190 Exercise areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.16
Tugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.66 Tarafaniya al Saghira, Al . . . . . . . . . . 6.190 Marine exploitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.17
Passage requirements arâfi, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.45 Trinkitat Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.315
Arrival information . . . . . . . . . . . 2.20 Tarba, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.127 Tuhdat, Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.165
Permissible dimensions . . . . . . . . 2.27 arf Ra’s a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.81 Tûbya, Gezîret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.110
Passage through Suez Canal . . . . . . 2.135 Tarm, Ra’s Wd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.62 Tumble−down Peak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.53
Bûr Sa‘d to El Qantara . . . . . . . 2.139 Tarshayn, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.125 Tundaba, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.48
El Qantara to Lake Timsah . . . . . 2.145 Tarum, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.17 Tûr, El . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.298
Great and Little Bitter Lakes . . . 2.173 Taulud Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.174 Tûr, El, Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.298
Lake Timsah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.152 Taulud Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.145 Tur‘et el Abbâsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
Lake Timsah to Great Bitter Lake 2.166 Tawh Bandar at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.28 Turfa, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.81
Regulations for navigation . . . . . . . 2.105 Tawmn, Shi‘b at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10 Turning Buoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.360
Sirâbiyûm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.166 Tawsila . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.68 urratayn, Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.419
Tûsûn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.166 awl Raghwn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10 Turrik, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.23
Waiting anchorages awl, Ra’s a (12°37′⋅9N, 43°25′⋅9E) . . 4.98 Turuxaad, Shaab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.271
Northern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.13 awl, Ra’s a (12°38′⋅8N, 43°23′⋅5E) . . 4.83 usaylfah, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.201
Southern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.14 awl, Sha‘ab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.350 Ts Shm Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.70
Deep draught . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.14 Tawîla Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.356 Ts Yaman Jabal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.70
Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.332 Tuways, Khawr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.44
Main anchorage . . . . . . . . . . 2.16 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.332 Tuways, Ra’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.44
Transhipment . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.15 Tawîla, Sha‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.337 Twin Cones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.32
Suez Oil Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.197 Tawîla, Sharm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.334 Twin Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.96
Suez, Port of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.280 Tawq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.167 Two Fathom Bank: Dahlak Bank . . . . . 7.92
Sufln Shi‘b as (23°31′N, 38°14′E) . 9.111 Tayiba, Wâdi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.234 Two Islets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.210
Sufln Shi‘b as (24°59′N, 36°57′E) . 9.110 Teeta, Sha‘ab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.217 Two Sisters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.203
Sugarloaf: (19°59′N, 40°46′E) . . . . . . 10.32 Teetai Aweeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.166
Sugarloaf: (12°45′N, 44°52′E) . . . . . . 12.73 Tekay Dest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.200 Ubayd, Ra’s al’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.22
Sukhn, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.54 Tel Aviv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.122 ’Umar Jabal al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.74
ukhûr Quei’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.15 Telegraph Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.126 ‘Umayrah, Khawr am . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.11
Sulain Islet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.115 Tep−sa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Umbeila, Marsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.236
Sulaym, Shi‘b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.11 Terma Zerf Ch’af, Ras . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.275 Um Etli, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.159
Sumr Anchorage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.56 Termab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.23 Umm Agâwish el Kebîr . . . . . . . . . . . 3.383
Sumar Inlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.221 Tewfik Port of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.196 Umm al ‘Asal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.232
Sumr Islet: Ash Sharifa . . . . . . . . . . . 10.56 Thâl, Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.234 Umm al Gharnq Islands . . . . . . . . . . 10.57
Sumar Islet: Sha’ab el Shubuk . . . . . . 6.215 Thawbn Jabal ath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.74 Umm al umm
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.163
Sumayr (Farasn Bank) . . . . . . . . . . 10.109 The Haycocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.69 Umm al Kathb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.232
435
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436
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