1

Chapter 1

RESEARCH DESIGN

Rationale of the study

The technology nowadays is very advanced. The computer and mobile phones both help the operation of

businesses. This is why technology trends are always on-demand in the market. These products smoothen business

operations, makes communication easier despite long distances, saving and backing up files are very easy nowadays

because of technology advancement. In business field, making transactions, making reports, communication and even

doing business online or studying online are made possible because of Information Technology. Information Technology

makes a lot of things easier and more convenient for us.

The proponents plan to develop a Web-based Barangay Monitoring System of Barangay Marigondon. The system

is all about making services in Barangay Marigondon faster and more efficient by automation. The advantages in this

system are: it provides fast and reliable way of responding the complaints filed; it presents various ways of searching and

retrieving resident’s information; it categorizes and organizes complaints to easily figure which complaints are redundant;

and it provides fast and efficient processing of permits and clearances.

The researchers have found out that some of the operations in the barangay hall in Marigondon are still manually

done such as, processing of permits and clearances, filing of complaints and summons and no setting appointments in

barangay hall for the chairman, so people can be flocking inside the barangay hall. The system aims to have a smoother

way of responding to the residents’ complaints, to have an organized visitation for the barangay chairman, to have faster

and easier processing of permits and clearances and to eradicate the time-consuming of searching a resident information.

The proponents develop this system for the barangay staff and officials to have faster and more reliable way of

responding to the complaints filed, present various ways of searching and retrieving resident’s information, categorize and

organize complaints to easily figure which complaints are redundant and provide fast and efficient processing of permits

and clearances. We can, as well, benefit after the development of this system by getting faster processing and saving our

time of any requests we may have in the Barangay Hall.

 2

Related Systems

Nowadays, there are so many different kinds of information system for the barangay halls. The researchers have

found some of them on the internet that tackles about what their systems are and their significance.

From website http://www.lexsystech.com/bps.htm, “The Electronic Barangay Management and Information

System (e-bmis) comprises the Socio-economic profile, Barangay Census, Barangay Legislative Tracking, Barangay

Accounting & Budgeting, Barangay Collection System and Other Matters – consisting of barangay clearances issuances,

and certifications. These sub module systems aim to provide electronic governance thru computerization and automation

of the operations of the barangay.

The e –barangay provides a database and statistical analysis of the present profile of each barangay to determine

its minimum basic needs and services to the constituents of an LGU. Aligned with this barangay information system is the

provision of projects to meet the minimum basic needs of each barangay. Secondary concern is to have an updated

database of all barangay data and concerns and upgrade its internal operation systems for an effective delivery of basic

services and betterment of all barangays and welfare of the people of an LGU.”

From a website blog http://wonderworldblog.blogspot.com/2005/07/barangay-file-management-system.html,

“One of the exciting ways in which the computer serve as a general service tool is in the field of information retrieval and

operations—the search for facts which, together with the operations done on it, are stored in a central storage are.

Computer-based information retrieval operates through the use of software that can offer information services for an

institution. An information service provides a way to electronically access, retrieve, and transmit that information.

Palayan City Local Government Unit (LGU) has long been provided all of its barangays at least a computer unit to

upgrade the system of operation to a much enhanced way. That is, through computer technology.

That was almost exactly four years ago. But up to now, those computers had not been used to their fullest

capabilities. Barangay offices still rely on manual labor not on the machines as their frontline of service and operations.

Some things are neglected.

One, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) are not followed. Anyone can have his clearance signed or business

permit released even if the authorized person to approve it, for example the Barangay Captain, is not present. The office

has at least signed blank clearances and/or permits in this case. Thus, the reliability of such can be questioned.

Two, it’s because all of the facts and information on the barangay is kept on papers, the should-be manifestation

of the maximized usage of computer is not attained and therefore causes the slow retrieval of information and transactions.
 3

And lastly, hard copies of the files, transactions held and other matters require a large file cabinet to hold them

which in many case, is a case of an unorganized file management system.

A Computer Information Service represents a giant leap in computerized system of barangay transactions and

records handling. They can provide up-to-date information with relatively little effort on the part of the user and put a

huge amount of information within easy, convenient and comfortable reach. Not mentioning the security and integrity of

the transactions and of the documents it also provides.

This study aims to present possible solution to the problems stated and to enhance the quality of service a

barangay office offers to its clients. Furthermore, this serves as an awakening factor for all government offices, from

highest to lowest levels, to be in line with the government’s view of globalization and competitiveness in today’s

Information Age.”

Statement of the Problem

This research study designs and develops a Web-based Services Automation of Barangay Babag with SMS and e-

mail Notification Support.

Specifically, it answers the following problems:

1. Difficulty in sending responses to the complainant;

2. Inability to know about which complaints are redundant because

there’s no proper management of information;

3. Time-consuming in searching for the resident’s information;

4. Slow processing of permits and clearances;

5. Difficulty for residents to know the barangay news and activities; and

6. Difficulty for residents’ in setting an appointment with the barangay

chairman.

Objectives of the Study

The research study designs and develops a Web-based Services Automation of Barangay Babag with SMS and e-

mail Notification Support.

Specifically, it aims to:

1. Provides fast and reliable way of responding the complaints filed;

 4

2. To provide a chairman list of appointments;

3. Present various ways of searching and retrieving resident information;

4. Categorizes and organizes complaints to easily figure which

complaints are redundant;

5. To provide barangay activities and updates; and

6. To provide fast and efficient processing of permits and clearances;

Scope and Limitations of the System

The scope focuses on the Web-based Services Automation of Barangay Babag with SMS and E-mail Notification

Support is capable of:

1. Maintain the following;

1.1 User

1.1.1 Barangay Officials; and

1.1.2 Residents;

1.2 Complaints

1.3 Schedule of Barangay Chairman

2. Process the following;

2.1 User Authentication;

2.2 User Registration;

2.3 Filing of complaints;

2.3.1 Complaints Filed;

2.3.2 Complaints Categorization;

2.3.2.1 Minor Complaints;

2.3.2.2 Major Complaints;

2.3.3 Complaints Status;

2.3.3.1 Approved;

2.3.3.2 Pending;

2.3.3.3 Declined;
 5

2.3.4 Complaints Responses;

2.3.5 Summon;

2.3.5.1 Date issued;

2.3.5.2 Time and date of appearance;

2.4 Permits and Clearances;

2.4.1 Inquiry;

2.4.2 Requests;

2.4.3 Date claimed;

2.5 Send Notification through SMS and e-mail;

2.5.1 Notify the residents about when to claim their requests;

2.5.2 Inform residents about the delayed services;

2.5.3 Notify residents about appointment schedules;

2.6 Booking of Appointments

3. Monitors the following;

3.1 Barangay activities and updates;

3.2 Residents information;

3.3 Complaints status;

3.4 Summon reports;

3.5 Residents requested permits and clearances;

4. Generate the following reports;

4.1 Clearances

4.2 Permits

4.3 Complaints Reports; and

4.4 Requested Permits and Clearances Reports;

However, the system is not capable of the following:

1. Cannot do instant messaging

2. Cannot manage payment system; and

 6

3. Only COMELEC registered

The Significance of the Study

The significance of this study for Babag Barangay Hall to have a better operation of offering services to the

residents in Babag Barangay. Nowadays, most businesses use machines and automations for their operations. Other

companies have to adapt to these changes. The researchers have found out that some of the business operations in Babag

Barangay Hall like releasing of permits and clearances, selecting an appointment schedule for residents who want to meet

the barangay captain online and responding to complaints online as well as maintaining the updates and activities are

manually done and can take time for these to get done. This study aims for faster and more efficient of offering these

services by automation.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Flow of the study

INPUT PROCESS OUPUT

 INTERVIEW
 STSTATUS OF USING
CURRENT QUESTIONAIRE
SYSTEM WEB-BASED
 VALIDATION OF SERVICES
 PROBLEMS THE
ENCOUNTERED DOCUMENTS
AUTOMATION
IN CURRENT
SYSTEM
OF BARANGAY
 STUDY OF BABAG WITH
GATHERED SMS AND E-
 FEATURES AND DATA
FUNCTIONS OF MAIL SUPPORT
THE PROPOSE
SYSTEM
 7

Environment

The research study was conducted in Barangay Babag hall which is being headed by the Barangay Chairman Hon.

Cesar R. Dolorito. The barangay hall is located in Barangay Babag, Lapu-Lapu City. According to the official website of

Babag City of Lapu-Lapu which is https://www.philatlas.com/visayas/r07/lapu-lapu/babag.html that Barangay Babag is

“According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest population in Babag is 5 to 9, with 2,474 individuals.

Conversely, the age group with the lowest population is 80 and over, with 84 individuals." . Approximately, there is 22,

756 number of population in the barangay as of 2015. One of the services offered in Barangay Babag hall are the releasing

of barangay clearance for its residents, certifications, business permit, as well as sending a summon letter to a defendant.

Discussing of complaints and court meetings can also be done in the barangay hall.

Figure 1. The outside view of the Barangay Hall

 8

Figure 2. The inside view of the Barangay

Figure 3. The inside view of the Chairman’s office

 9

Research Map

Figure 1. The location of the Barangay Hall

Respondents
The respondents of the study are the Barangay Staffs, officials and residents. There are only 10 respondents for
Barangay Staffs and Officials they are the main source of the data on how their current system help them and on
implementing the propose system.

Instrument
The researcher’s uses hard copy of questionnaires for survey questionnaires in gathering data for the study. The
survey questionnaire have been distributed to the Barangay Staff, Officials and Residents base on the current system they
have been using and the problems encountered on manual handling of the documents.
A questionnaire was chosen as data instrument. A questionnaire is a printed self-report form designed to elicit information
that can be obtained through the written responses of the subjects. The information obtained through a questionnaire is
similar to that obtained by an interview, but the questions lead to have less depth. (Burns & Grove 1993:368).
Data was collected with the aid of questionnaires to evaluate the residents, staff and barangay chairman. Questionnaire
were decided upon because of the following:

 They ensured a high response rate as the questionnaire were distributed to respondents to complete and were
collected personally by the researcher.
 They required less time and energy to administer.
 They offered the possibility of anonymity because subjects’ names were not required on the completed
questionnaire.
 10

 There was less opportunity for bias as they were presented in a consistent manner
 Most of the times in the questionnaire were closed, which made it easier to compare the response to each item.
Apart from the advantages that have been listed above, questionnaire have their weaknesses; for example, there is the
question of validity and accuracy (Burns & Grove 1993:368). The subjects might not reflect their true opinions but might
answer what they think will please the researcher, and valuable information may be lost as answer are usually brief.

Data gathering
The data that were used in this research were taken and gathered from a survey questionnaire that was given to
one of the staff in the barangay hall in Babag, Lapu-Lapu City. Through this, the researchers found out the issues that may
need automation, issues such as time-consuming in searching for the resident’s information, slow processing of permits
and clearances, difficulty in sending responses to the complainant, and difficulty for residents’ in setting an appointment
with the barangay chairman. In addition, one of the researchers had a visit in the Barangay hall and made an observation
and tells that it is adequate for barangay hall to have this kind of system that may stop, or not, reduce for these issues from
occurring and conduct services faster and more efficiently.

Scoring Procedures
After collecting data from the Barangay Staffs, Officials and residents with the help of the selected instruments,
data was scored in the following manner.
Total number of respondents are 27.

Level of Document Handling

Scoring Choices Verbal Interpretation

3 Strongly Agree Strongly agree with the idea

2 Agree Agree with the idea

1 Disagree Disagree with the idea

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Barangay - is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native

Filipino term for a village, district or ward.

Barangay captain - is the highest elected official in a barangay and the head of the

barangay government.

Barangay clearance - is one the Philippine government issued identification documents

for many important business, job, or personal transactions.

Barangay hall - is the seat of local government for the barangay, the lowest elected administrative

division of the Philippines, below that of a Philippine city or Philippine

municipality.

Barangay official - also known as a barangay councilor is an elected government official

who is a member of the Barangay Council.

Complaint – is a formal statement to a government authority that you have a legal cause

to complain about the way you have been treated.

Permit - an official document giving someone authorization to do something.

Resident – is someone who lives in a particular area.

Summon – is a court order notifying a named party that a case involving it (as defendant or a witness)

has been filed, and that it must make an appearance on the stated

date to answer the charges or give evidence.

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Chapter II
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Theoretical Background

This project aims to have a smoother way of responding to the residents’ complaints, to have an organized
visitation for the barangay chairman, to be able to view the schedule and availability of the chairman, to have faster and
easier processing of permits and clearances and to eradicate the time-consuming of searching a resident information.

In Harra Grace Mirasol’s word, “Barangay Management Information System is an advance and automated process
of managing a barangay to let go the manual process in the usual barangay hall such as hand written documents, keeping
records inside the drawer that tends to lose some records.” (Oct. 12, 2015)

In Javellana, Jonathan words, “It is recognized for its transformative and participatory governance serving its
constituents and the community. Their mission is to provide a dynamic and supportive political and socio-economic
environment through the highest standard of public administration, bureaucratic system committed to democratizing to
public service. They currently have services on accepting complaints, requesting barangay clearance, cedula

(community tax certificate), and certification.” (Sept. 9, 2015)

In this chapter, we can see the various technologies applied by different companies. All of the result is trying to

achieve the same goal to improve the Barangay management system.

Related Literature

Badsectoracula (2015) mentioned that, VB6 is a nice scripting environment for quickly prototyping stuff and

throwing GUIs together. The bad reputation stems mostly from people who don’t know what they are talking about and

just follow what others are saying or people who were forced to work on codebases that abused the language badly and

used the wrong tool for the task. I have been using VB6 for donkeys years now. It has a relatively stable IDE and VB6

BASIC always produces a good indeed, having an effective and fully featured IDE whilst not being too complicated in

any respect. It is also one of the few mainstream BASIC packages for Windows that you can rely on – as there is nothing

comparable that will definitely still be in existence in five years’ time this is 2014.

Model (2015) mentioned that a manual information system is one that does not rely on any computerized systems

and a computer – based information systems does. A manual-based system will see information recorded and kept in
 13

different ways such as in files in paper form. Whereas a computer based information system will see data stored on

various computer programs including on databases, Word documents, Excel etc.

In his study Marvin Sarmiento (2008) stated the Barangay Clearance Application System (BCAS) is one of

Barangay Application Systems that will enable the barangay to process, print and store all applications for barangay

clearance in a fast and most efficient way. It was developed originally for the Barangay Net Alliance and first

implemented in select pilot barangays in Cebu City. The system is one of the e-Barangay services that are offered free to

the barangays. In addition, the information is stored in a database for storage and retrieval. The database is web enabled so

the BCAS can be used to cross check whether applicants have records in other barangays.

RELATED STUDIES

The Electronic Barangay Management and Information System

Nowadays, there are so many different kinds of information system for the barangay. The researchers have found

some of them on the internet that tackles about what their systems are and their significance.

From website http://www.lexsystech.com/bps.htm, “The Electronic Barangay Management and Information

System (e-bmis) comprises the Socio-economic profile, Barangay Census, Barangay Legislative Tracking, Barangay

Accounting & Budgeting, Barangay Collection System and Other Matters – consisting of barangay clearances issuances,

and certifications. These sub module systems aim to provide electronic governance thru computerization and automation

of the operations of the barangay. The e –barangay provides a database and statistical analysis of the present profile of

each barangay to determine its minimum basic needs and services to the constituents of an LGU. Aligned with this

barangay information system is the provision of projects to meet the minimum basic needs of each barangay. Secondary

concern is to have an updated database of all barangay data and concerns and upgrade its internal operation systems for an

effective delivery of basic services and betterment of all barangays and welfare of the people of an LGU.”

Web-Based Barangay Information System for Malita, Davao Occidental

The study covered the thirty (30) barangays of Malita, Davao Occidental. Furthermore, it was developed to automate the
management of barangay household, commodities and population, populate barangay data to be viewed municipal
webpage in order to monitor the increase and decrease of household, commodities and population for an immediate
action, and establish geotagging of commodities for barangays. The web-based system utilizes Google Map Application
Programming Interface (API) in locating the commodities from barangays. Also, the study utilizes php was used as a front
end of the system, sublime text as the code editor, WAMP server to create local server and Google chrome as a web
browser.
 14

Barangay Management System

This system facilitates barangay management by enabling the client barangay to maintain their resident records as
complete and up-to-date as possible and as easily accessible for verification, monitoring and reference purposes based on
the available residents’ census data kept by the client barangay. Data provided by this system in the form of
comprehensive reports are invaluable for planning, program implementation and related purposes.
Features:
Automatic Business Processes – among the basic components of BMS is its automatic assessment feature which facilitates
processing of community tax dues, professional tax, barangay clearance fees and other such charges which are sources of
barangay revenues. The system also allows for other barangay-related functions such as those including security and
peace-keeping operations such as incident reporting, blotter, reports and records of the barangay peace-keeping council,
and other related services.
Forms and Reports – The system prepares and prints barangay permits and certifications (e.g. Community Tax Certificate,
Occupational permits, Barangay Clearance, etc.) as well as important reports such as Barangay Profile, Socio-
Demographic Profile, Residents’ Census Information, etc.
Query – user-friendly query feature enables easy searching of records depending on chosen parameters (e.g. by kind of
permit and/ or certification issued, by date of issuance of permit/ certification, by client-name, etc.)
Standard-based – conforms with Local Government Code Sec. 394 (d) (6) which provides that each barangay maintains an
updated record of residents for easy identification of inhabitants, for use as a planning tool, and of updated reference on
the local barangay statistics.
Design and Security Features – User-friendly design using easily-comprehensible menus facilitates utilization of
application features. Flexible system makes it customizable depending on the needs and requirements of client Barangay.
Employs a back-up and recovery utility for file integrity and security. BMS can also be linked to a client LGU’s existing
GIS or Information System which would enable them to generate graphically-enhanced demographic profile for each
barangay.

Comparative Matrix

Web-based Automation of
e-bmis Barangay BMS the Barangay
Malita Babag

Online transactions

Multiple Transaction

Notify Status and Reminders

through SMS & emails

Capable of catering blotters,

summons, brgy.clearance and
other permits.

WEB- WEB- WEB-BASED

Platform WEB-BASED
BASED BASED
 15

Chapter III
 16

Chapter IV
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Findings

The researchers designed the Automation of Barangay Babag to help them gain a more effective method in
delivering information, as well as, complementary in keeping records and giving good services. Thus, this proposed
system maintains residents‟ records as complete and up-to-date as possible, and is easily accessible for verification,
monitoring and helps to process and visualize data. Based on other studies, their software product is web enabled so that
their system can be used to cross-check whether or not their applicants have a record on other barangays. This feature will
be activated once all databases from barangays are linked to the internet. Some various requirements are needed to run the
software product. Including Microsoft Software Applications. Furthermore, hardware requirements are a must such as
Computer Desktop or Computer Laptop. In addition, the Software Life Cycle must be the guide in implementing the
proposed system.

Conclusion

After some tests, we have concluded that the operation of services in the barangay Babag hall would be faster,

easier and more efficient for the users of our system, both for the administrators and the residents. With the use of our

system, on releasing documents, typographical error and time-consuming typewriting can be avoided, Furthermore, since

requesting for certifications, barangay clearance, business permit and other certifications is now done through online.

Also, making a complaint can now be done through online in our system, they can write their complaints down, and name

the other resident that they want to raise a complaint. Then, issuing a summon letter for the person that got complaint will

be sent to the said person and the summon letter can straightly be printed from the system.

Recommendations

We definitely recommend the residents of the Barangay Babag to make use of the Web-based Services

Automation of Barangay Babag. The residents of barangay Babag can make a request for documents such as barangay

clearance, business permit, or certifications anywhere they are as long as they have an access to the internet. The residents

would definitely benefit out from our system, and that is why we recommend the residents of the Barangay Babag to use

the Web-based Services Automation of Barangay Babag.

 17

REFERENCES

A. Published

Barangay Decision Support and Mapping System Tracy N. Tacuban (MSCS) Iloilo Science and Technology

University, Burgos St. Lapaz Iloilo City, Philippines tracy_sem22@yahoo.com Date Received: March 10, 2016;

Date Revised: April 4, 2016, Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 4 No.2, 7-15 May 2016 P-ISSN

2350-7756 E-ISSN 2350-8442

http://www.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/APJMR-2016.4.2.02.pdf

B. Unpublished
Barangay Management Information System (BMIS) for Cities and Municipalities in the Philippines

International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 180 – No.19, February 2018

https://www.ijcaonline.org/archives/volume180/number19/imus-2018-ijca-916441.pdf

C. Websites
Developing a Barangay Information System for Barangay PaangB
Alain Medel, Updated 23 March 2015
https://prezi.com/ophdmuxd5st9/developing-a-barangay-information-system-for-barangay-paangb/

Electronic Barangay Management System of Barangay Poblacion

Uploaded by Richard Sumer Dogos on Feb 14, 2013
https://www.scribd.com/document/125442613/Electronic-Barangay-Management-System-of-Barangay-
Poblacion

Barangay Information System. (2016, May 15). Retrieved from

https://studymoose.com/barangay-information-system-essay

Barangay Management System

Harra Grace Mirasol, Updated 12 October 2015
https://prezi.com/duwqmke-43vc/barangay-management-system/
 18

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Kim Charlotte P. Bacus

Address : Pusok, Lapu-lapu City

Date of Birth : June 9,1990

Civil Status : Single

Father’s Name : Epitacio Bacus Sr.

Mother’s Name : Rena Bacus

Contact No. : 09438101268

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary Level

Name of School : Poro Central School

Address : Paro Camotes, Cebu

Year Graduated : 2001-2002

Secondary Level

Name of School : Immaculate Conception Institute

Address : Tudela Camotes, Cebu

Year Graduated : 2005-2006

Tertiary Level

Name of School : University of Cebu, LM

Course : Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

 19

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Noreen Giangan

Address : Pusok, Lapu-lapu City

Date of Birth : June 9,1990

Civil Status : Single

Father’s Name : Epitacio Bacus Sr.

Mother’s Name : Rena Bacus

Contact No. : 09438101268

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary Level

Name of School : Poro Central School

Address : Paro Camotes, Cebu

Year Graduated : 2001-2002

Secondary Level

Name of School : Immaculate Conception Institute

Address : Tudela Camotes, Cebu

Year Graduated : 2005-2006

Tertiary Level

Name of School : University of Cebu, LM

Course : Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

 20

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Eric Jude Senerpida

Address : Pusok, Lapu-lapu City

Date of Birth : June 9,1990

Civil Status : Single

Father’s Name : Epitacio Bacus Sr.

Mother’s Name : Rena Bacus

Contact No. : 09438101268

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary Level

Name of School : Poro Central School

Address : Paro Camotes, Cebu

Year Graduated : 2001-2002

Secondary Level

Name of School : Immaculate Conception Institute

Address : Tudela Camotes, Cebu

Year Graduated : 2005-2006

Tertiary Level

Name of School : University of Cebu, LM

Course : Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

 21

Appendix A
Transmittal Letter
 22

Appendix B
Research Instrument
Instrument
The researcher’s uses hard copy of questionnaires for survey questionnaires in gathering data for the study. The survey
questionnaire have been distributed to the Barangay Staff, Officials and Residents base on the current system they have
been using and the problems encountered on manual handling of the documents.
A questionnaire was chosen as data instrument. A questionnaire is a printed self-report form designed to elicit information
that can be obtained through the written responses of the subjects. The information obtained through a questionnaire is
similar to that obtained by an interview, but the questions lead to have less depth. (Burns & Grove 1993:368).
Data was collected with the aid of questionnaires to evaluate the residents, staff and barangay chairman. Questionnaire
were decided upon because of the following:

 They ensured a high response rate as the questionnaire were distributed to respondents to complete and were
collected personally by the researcher.
 They required less time and energy to administer.
 They offered the possibility of anonymity because subjects’ names were not required on the completed
questionnaire.
 There was less opportunity for bias as they were presented in a consistent manner
 Most of the times in the questionnaire were closed, which made it easier to compare the response to each item.

Apart from the advantages that have been listed above, questionnaire have their weaknesses; for example, there is the
question of validity and accuracy (Burns & Grove 1993:368). The subjects might not reflect their true opinions but might
answer what they think will please the researcher, and valuable information may be lost as answer are usually brief.
 23

Appendix C
Research Environment

Research Environment

The research study was conducted in Barangay Babag hall which is being headed by the Barangay Chairman Hon.

Cesar R. Dolorito. The barangay hall is located in Barangay Babag, Lapu-Lapu City. According to the official website of

Babag City of Lapu-Lapu which is https://www.philatlas.com/visayas/r07/lapu-lapu/babag.html that Barangay Babag is

“According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest population in Babag is 5 to 9, with 2,474 individuals.

Conversely, the age group with the lowest population is 80 and over, with 84 individuals." . Approximately, there is 22,

756 number of population in the barangay as of 2015. One of the services offered in Barangay Babag hall are the releasing

of barangay clearance for its residents, certifications, business permit, as well as sending a summon letter to a defendant.

Discussing of complaints and court meetings can also be done in the barangay hall.

Figure 1. The outside view of the Barangay Hall

 24

Figure 2. The inside view of the Barangay

Figure 3. The inside view of the Chairman’s office