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Forces and Laws of Motion

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Forces and Laws of Motion
EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS
Forces and Laws of Motion
Q.1 What is meant by law of inertia?
Q.2 State the laws of motion.
Q.3 A cricket player lowers his hands while
catching a ball. Why?
Q.4 An impulsive force of 100N acts on a body
for 1 s. What is the change in its linear
momentum?
Q.5 A force of 5N changes the velocity of a
body from 10 𝑚𝑠 −1 to 20 𝑚𝑠 −1 in 5 sec. How
much force is required to bring about the same
change in 2 sec?
Q.6 State and explain Newton’s first law of
motion.
Q.7 What are the three types of inertia? Give at
least two examples of each type.
Q.8 State and explain Newton’s first law of
motion. Hence deduce the relation F = ma,
where the symbols have their usual meaning.
Q.9 Define absolute and gravitational units of
force. What are the dimensions of force?
Q.10 Mention some of the consequences of
the Newton’s second law of motion.
Q.11 Explain the term ‘impulse’. Discuss some
of the applications of this concept.
Q.12 State and explain Newton’s third law of
motion. Give at least two Illustrations.
Q.13 Discuss the apparent weight of a man in
a lift/elevator.
Q.14 Two bodies of
masses 11 kg and 11.5 kg
are connected by a long
light string passing over a
smooth pulley. Calculate
velocity and height
ascended/descended by
Figure 4.129
each body at the end of 4s.
Q.15 A rope of mass 0.5 kg is pulling a block of
mass 10 kg under the action of force of 31.5 N.
If the block is resting on a smooth horizontal
surface, calculate the force of reaction exerted
by the block on the rope.
Q.16 Two bodies of masses 4 kg and 3 kg
respectively are connected by a light string
passing over a smooth frictionless pulley.
Calculate the acceleration of the masses and
tension in the string.
Q.17 Two bodies whose masses are 𝑚1=50 kg
and 𝑚2= 150 kg are tied by a light string and
are placed on a frictionless horizontal surface.
When 𝑚1 is pulled by a force F, an acceleration
of 5𝑚𝑠 −2 is produced in both the bodies.
Calculate the value of F. What is the tension in
the string 1?
Q.18 See Fig. 4.130 (a)
wherein a mass of 6 kg
is suspended by a rope
of length 2 m from the
ceiling. A force of 50N in
the horizontal direction
is applied at midpoint P
of the rope, as shown.
What is the angle the
rope makes with the Figure 4.130
vertical in equilibrium? (take g = 10𝑚𝑠 −2).
Neglect mass of the rope.
Figure 4.131
Q.19 A body builder exerts a force of 150N
against a bull worker and compresses it by 20
cm. Calculate the spring constant of the spring
in the bull worker.
Q.20 A lift of mass 2000 kg is supported by
thick steel ropes. If maximum upward
acceleration of the lift be 1.2 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 , and the
breaking stress for the ropes be 2.8× 108 𝑁𝑚−2,
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Forces and Laws of Motion

what would be the minimum diameter of the is the magnitude and direction of the net
rope? acceleration of the cyclist on the circular turn?

Q.21 A car of mass one metric ton travelling at
32 m/s dashes into rear of a truck of mass 8000
kg moving in the same direction with the
velocity of 4 m/s. After the collision, the car
bounces backward with the velocity 8 m/s.
What is the velocity of the truck after the
impact?
Q.22 The force on a particle of mass 10 g is
(10i+5j)N. If it starts from rest, what would be
its position at time t = 5s?
Q.29 A particle originally at rest at the highest
point of a smooth vertical circle of radius R, is
slightly displaced. Find the vertical distance
below the highest point where the particle will
leave the circle.




Q.23 A projectile is fired vertically from the

earth’s surface with an initial velocity of 10 Figure 4.132
km/s. Neglecting atmospheric retardation, how
far above the surface of the earth would it go?
Take the earth’s radius as 6400 km.

Q.24 Two balls of mass m each are hung side

by side two long threads, each of length l. If the
distance between the upper end is r then find
the distance r between the centres of the ball
in terms of g, r, l and m.

Circular Motion
Q.25 Calculate the centripetal acceleration of a
point on the equator of earth due to the
rotation of earth about its own axis.
Radius of earth = 6400 km.

Q.26 A cyclist is riding with a speed of 27 kmh1

. As he approaches a circular turn on the road
of radius 80.0 m, he applies brakes and reduces
his speed at a constant rate of 0.5 ms1 per
second. Find the magnitude of the net
acceleration of the cyclist.

Q.27 A particle moves in a circle of radius 4.0

cm clockwise at constant seed of 2 cm s 1 . If x
and y are unit acceleration vectors along X-axis
and Y-axis, respectively, find the acceleration of
the particle at the instant half-way between P
and Q in the Fig. 4.129.

Q.28 A cyclist is riding with a speed of 36 kmh1

. As he approaches a circular turn on the road
of radius 140 m, he applies brakes and reduces
his speed at the constant rate of 1 ms2 . What

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Forces and Laws of Motion

EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN

Forces and Laws of Motion
When a mass m is released from the balloon it
Single Correct Question
starts rising with acceleration a. Assuming that
Q.1 A block of mass 10kg volume does not change when the mass is
is suspended through two released, what is the value of m? [Assume same
light spring balances as upward buoyant force]
shown in Fig. 4.133 2a  a g
(A) M (B)  M
(A) Both the scales will (a g)  2a 
read 10 kg (B)Both the 2a Ma
scales will read 5 kg. (C) (D)
(a g)M ag
(C) The upper scales will
read 10 kg and the lower Q.6 A small cart with a sphere suspended from
zero. ceiling by a string is moving up an inclined
(D) The readings may be plane at a speed V. The direction of string
Figure 4.133
anything but their sum will supporting the sphere is
be 10 kg (A) Vertical (B) Horizontal
(C) Perpendicular to the inclined plane
Q.2 A block is kept on the floor of an elevator
(D) None of these
at rest. The elevator starts descending with an
acceleration of 12𝑚⁄𝑠 2 . Find the displacement Q.7 The pulleys
of the block during the first 0.2 s after the start. and strings
Take g=10𝑚⁄𝑠 2 . shown in the Fig.
(A) 10 cm (B) 20 cm (C) 30 cm (D) 40 cm 4.135 are smooth
and of negligible
Q.3 A body of mass M is kept on a rough
mass. For the
horizontal surface (friction coefficient=µ). A
system of remain
person is trying to pull the body by applying a Figure 4.135
in equilibrium,
horizontal force but the body is not moving.
the angle 𝜃 should be
The force by the surface on the body is F where (A) 0 (B) 30 (C) 45 (D) 60
(A) F=Mg (B) F=µMg
(C) Mg  F  Mg 1  2 Q.8 While walking on ice, one should take small
steps to avoid slipping. This is because smaller
(D) Mg  F  Mg 1  2 steps ensure
(A) Larger friction (B) Smaller friction
Q.4 Which of the following case correctly (C) Larger normal force (D) Smaller normal
represents the applied force on a string under force
tension. End of string is represented with dot.
Q.9 Two masses m and m’ are tied with a
thread passing over a pulley. M’ is on a
frictionless horizontal surface and m is hanging
freely. If acceleration due to gravity is g, the
acceleration of m’ in this arrangement will be
(A) g (B) mg/(m + m’) (C) mg/m’ (D)
mg/(m-m’).
Figure 4.134
Q.10 A body of mass 60 kg is dragged with just
Q.5 A balloon is descending at a constant enough force to start moving on a rough
acceleration a. The mass of the balloon is M. surface with coefficients of static and kinetic
frictions 0.5 and 0.4 respectively. On continuing

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Forces and Laws of Motion

(g=9.8m/𝑠 2) the same force what is the Q.16 A block of mass

acceleration: 3kg is at rest on a
(A) 0.98 m/ s2 (B) 9.8 m/ s2 rough inclined plane
as shown in the Fig.
(C) 0.54 m/ s2 (D) 5.292 m/ s2 . 4.137. The magnitude
of net force exerted
Q.11 Which of the following represents 2nd law by the surface on the Figure 4.137
of motion most correctly. block will be
dv (A) 26N (B) 19.5N (C) 10N (D) 30N
(A) F  ma (B)F  m
dt
dp Q.17 With what minimum acceleration can a
(C)F  (D)F  mv
dt fireman slides down a rope whose breaking
strength is two third of his weight?
Q.12 Two objects A and B are thrown upward (A) g/2 (B) 2g/3 (C) g/3 (D) 3g/4.
simultaneously with the same speed. The mass
of A is greater than the mass of B. Suppose the Q.18 Forces of 30N, 40N and 50N act along the
air exerts a constant and equal force of ̅̅̅̅, 𝐵𝐶
sides 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐴
̅̅̅̅ of an equilateral triangle
resistance on the two bodies. ABC. The triangle is of mass 0.5 kg and kept in
(A) The two bodies will reach the same height. a vertical plane as shown
(B) A will go higher than B in the Fig. 4.138. With the
(C) B will go higher than A side AB vertical. The net
(D) Any of the above three may happen vertical force acting on
depending on the speed with which the objects the triangle will be
are thrown. (g=10m/𝑠 2)
(A) 125 N upwards
Q.13 A heavy uniform chain party lies on a (B) 5 N downwards Figure 4.138
horizontal table. If the coefficient of friction (C) 10 N upwards
between the chain and the table surface is 0.25,
then the maximum fraction of the length of the Q.19 A trolley is being pulled up an incline
chain that can hang over edge of the table is plane by a man sitting on it (as shown in Fig.
(A) 20% (B) 25% (C) 33% (D) 15%. 4.139). He applies
a force of 250N. If
Q.14 An insect crawls up hemispherical surface the combined
very slowly as shown in Fig. 4.136. The mass of the man
coefficient of friction between insect and and trolley is 100
surface is 1/3. If the Figure 4.139
kg, the
line joining the centre acceleration of trolley will be [sin15∘ = 0.26]
of the hemispherical
surface to the insect
(A) 2.4 m / s2 (B) 9.4 m / s2
makes an angle α with (C) 6.9 m / s2 (D) 4.9 m / s2
the vertical, the max. Figure 4.136
Possible value of α is Q.20 A body is placed on a rough inclined
given by plane of inclination𝜃. As the angle 𝜃 is
(A) cot α=3 (B) sec α=3 increased from 0∘ to 90∘ , the contact force
(C) cosec α=3 (D) None between the block and plane
(A) Remains constant
Q.15 When a bird of weight W alights on a (B) First remains constant then decreases
stretched wire, the tension T in the wire may be: (C) First decreases then increases
(A)>W/2 (B)=W (C)<W (D) None of (D) First increases then decreases
these.
Q.21 A uniform chain of length is placed on
a rough table with length n hanging over the

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Forces and Laws of Motion

edge (n< ). If the chain just begins to slide off R: Like velocity, momentum also depends on
the table by itself from this position, the the reference from of observer.
coefficient of friction between chain and table
is Passage # 3
1 n 1 1 n A vertical gap 2.2 cm wide of infinite extent
(A) (B) (C) (D)
n 1 n n1 1n contains a fluid of viscosity 2.0 NS/𝑚2 and
specific gravity 0.9. A metallic plate 1m X 1m X
Multiple Correct Question 0.2cm, which is in the middle of the gap, is to
!!Q.22 Two blocks A and B of equal mass m are be lifted up with
connected through a a constant speed
massless string and 0.15 m/sec
arranged as shown in through the gap.
Fig. 4.140. Friction is The weight of the
absent everywhere. plate is 48N.
When the system is Assuming pulley
released from rest. Figure 4.140 is massless and
frictionless, string Figure 4.141
(A) Tension in string is
mg/2 is also massless. (g=10m/𝑠 2)
(B) Tension in string is mg/4
Q.26 Buoyant force acting on the plate
(C) Acceleration in string is g/2
(A) 1800 N (B) 900 N (C) 180 N (D) 18 N
(D) Acceleration in string is 3g/2
Q.27 Net frictional force exerted by the liquid
Assertion Reason Question
on the plate
Each of the question given below consists of
(A) 30 N (B) 60 N (C) 15 N (D) 120 N
two statements, an assertion (A) and reason (R).
Select the number corresponding to the Q.28 Tension in the string
appropriate alternative as follows (A) 90 N (B) 108 N (C) 240 N (D) 120 N
(A) If both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A Q.29 For doing so the kinetic friction between
(B) If both A and R are true but R is not the the inclined plane and the block should be
correct explanation of A equals to
(C) If A is true but R is false 3 3 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(D) If A is false but R is true. 4 8 3 2 3
Q.23 A: If a book is placed on table at rest then Circular Dynamics
force exerted by table on the book and weight Q.30 A particle moves in a circle of radius R
of the book formation reaction pairs according with a constant speed under a centripetal force
to Newton 3rd law of motion F. The work done F in completing a full circle is:
R: Since both are equal in magnitude and
opposite in directions. 
(A) Mv 2 / R 2R  (B) R2F

(C) 2RF (D) zero

Q.24 A: The mass of a body can be regarded as
a quantitative measure of the resistance of a
body to acceleration by a given force.
R: The acceleration produced by a given force
is inversely proportional to mass being
accelerated.
Q.25 A: While conserving the linear
momentum of the system we must specify the
reference frame.
Q.31 When a particle is rotated in a vertical
plane with constant angular velocity
magnitude of centripetal force is:
(A) Maximum at highest point
(B) Maximum at lowest point
(C) Same at all points
(D) zero

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Forces and Laws of Motion

Q.32 In uniform circular motion, the quantity 

(A) tan1 1 / 2  (B)
that remains constant is :
(A) linear velocity (B) centripetal force tan1 1 / 5
(C) acceleration (D) speed 
(C) tan1 3 / 5  (D)
Q.33 Two particles of equal masses are tan1 1 / 10
revolving in circular paths of radii r1 and r2
Q.39 A ball tied to a string (in vertical plane) is
respectively with the same speed. The ratio of
swinging in a vertical circle. Which of the
their centripetal forces is:
following remains constant during the motion?
r2 r2
(A) (B) (A) tension in the string
r1 r1 (B) speed of the ball
2 2 (C) centripetal force
 r1   r2 
(C)   (D)   (D) gravitational force on the ball
 r2   r1 
Q.40 A heavy particle hanging vertically from a
Q.34 A 500kg car takes a round turn of radius point by a light inextensible string of length l is
50m with a velocity of 36km/hr. The centripetal started so as to make a complete revolution in
force is: a vertical plane. The sum of the tension at the
(A) 250 N (B) 750 N ends of any diameter:
(C) 1000 N (D) 1200 N (A) first increase then decreases
(B) is constant
Q.35 A body of mass 5kg is moving in a circle (C) first decrease then increases
of radius 1m with an angular velocity of 2 (D) decreases continuously
radian/sec. The centripetal force is:
(A) 10 N (B) 20 N Q.41 In a circus stuntman rides a motorbike in
(C) 30 N (D) 40 N a circular track of radius R in the vertical plane.
The minimum speed at highest point of track
Q.36 A motorcycle is going on an overbridge will be:
of radius R. The driver maintains a constant
(A) 2gR (B) 2gR
speed. As the motorcycles is ascending on the
overbridge, the normal force on it: (C) 3gR (D) gR
(A) increase (B) decreases
(C) remains constant (D) first increases then Q.42 A person applies a constant force F on a
decreases. particle of mass m and finds that the particle
move in a circle of radius r with a uniform speed
Q.37 If a particle of mass m is moving in a v.
horizontal circle of radius r with a centripetal (A) this is not possible
 
force k / r 2 , the total energy of the particle (B) there are other forces also on the particle
2
is: (C) the resultant of other forces is mv / r
k k towards centre
(A)  (B) 
2r r (D) the resultant of the other forces varies in
2k 4k magnitude as well as direction
(C)  (D) 
r r
Assertion Reason Question
Q.38 A person with his hands in his pocket is In each of the following questions, a statement
skating on ice at the rate of 10m/s and of Assertion (A) is given followed by a
describes a circle of radius 50m. What is his corresponding statement of Reason (R) just
inclination to the vertical: below it/ Of the statements, mark the correct
answer as

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Forces and Laws of Motion

(a) If both assertion and reason are true and

reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but
reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.
(e) If both assertion and reason are false.

Q.43 Assertion: Centripetal and centrifugal

forces cancel each other
Reason: This is because they are always equal
and opposite.

Q.44 Assertion: A cyclist bends inwards from

his vertical position, while turning to secure the
necessary centripetal force.
Reason: Friction between the tyres and road
provides him the necessary centripetal force.

Q.45 Assertion: The tendency of skidding or

overturning is quadrupled, when a cyclist
double his speed of turning.
Reason: Angle of bending increases as velocity
of vehicle increases.

Q.46 Assertion: On banked curved track,

vertical component of normal reaction provide
the necessary centripetal force.
Reason: Centripetal force is always required for
motion in curved path.

Q.47 Assertion (A): A cyclist always bends

inwards while negotiating a curve
Reason (R): By bending he lowers his centre of
gravity

Q.48 Assertion (A): The tendency of

skidding/overturning is quadrupled, when a
cyclist doubles his speed of turning.
v2
Reason (R): tan  
rg
Q.49 Assertion (A): On a banked curved
track, vertical component of normal reaction
provides the necessary centripetal force.
Reason (R): Centripetal force is always required
for turning.

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Forces and Laws of Motion

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

Forces and Laws of Motion
Q. 50 A ship of mass 3 × 107 kg initially at rest,
is pulled by a force of 5 × 104 N through a
distance of 3 m. Assuming that the resistance
due to water is negligible, the speed of the ship
is (1980)
(a) 1.5 m/s (b) 60 m/s (c) 0.1 m/s (d) 5 m/s

Q. 51 A block of mass 2 kg rests on a rough

inclined plane making an angle of 30∘ with the
horizontal. The coefficient of static friction
between the block and the plane is 0.7. The
frictional force on the block is (1980) Figure 4.142
(A)9.8N (B)0.7  9.8  3N Q. 56: An insect crawls up a hemispherical
(C)9.8  3N (D)0.7  9.8N surface very slowly (see the Fig. 4.143). The
coefficient of friction between the surface and
Q. 52 A car is moving in a circular horizontal insect is 1/3. If the line joining the center of the
track of radius 10 m with a constant speed of hemispherical surface to the insect makes an
10 m/s. A plumb bob is suspended from the angle α with the vertical, the maximum possible
roof of the car by a light rigid rod. The angle value of α is given (2001)
made by the rod with vertical is (Take
g=10m/𝑠 2) (1992)
(a) Zero (b) 30∘ (c) 45∘ (d) 60∘

Q. 53 A block of mass 0.1 kg is held against a

wall applying a horizontal force of 5N on the Figure 4.143
block. If the coefficient of friction between the
(a) cot α = 3 (b) tan α = 3
block and wall is 0.5, the magnitude of the
(c) sec α = 3 (d) cosec α = 3
frictional force acting on the block is (1994)
(a) 2.5 N (b) 0.98 N (c) 4.9 N (d) 0.49 N Q. 57: A string of negligible
mass going over a clamped
Q. 54 A long horizontal rod has a bead which
pulley of mass m supports a
can slide along its length and initially placed at
block of mass M as shown in
a distance L from one end A of the rod. The rod
the Fig. 4.144. The force on
is set in angular motion about A with a constant
the pulley by the clamp is
angular acceleration α. If the coefficient of
given by
friction between the rod and bead is µ, and
(2001)
gravity is neglected, then the time after which Figure 4.144
the bead starts slipping is
(a) 2 Mg (b) 2 mg
(2000)
  1 (c) (M m)2  m2g (d)  (M m)2  M2  g
(a) (b) (c) (d)infinitesimal  
a a a
Q. 58 The pulleys and strings shown in the Fig.
Q. 55: A small block is shot into each of the four 4.145 are smooth and of negligible mass. For
tracks as shown below. Each of the tracks rises
to the same height. The speed with which the
block enters the track is the same in all the
cases. At the highest point of track, the normal
reaction is maximum in (2001)

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Forces and Laws of Motion

the system to remain in equilibrium, the angle Q. 62 A piece of wire is bent in the shape of a
𝜃 should be (2001) parabola 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 2(y-axis vertical) with a bead of

mass m on it. The bead can slide on the wire

without friction. It stays at the lowest point of
the parabola when the wire is at rest. The wire
is now accelerated parallel to the x-axis with a
constant acceleration a. The distance of the
new equilibrium position of the bead, where
the bead can stay at rest with respect to the
Figure 4.145 wire, from the y-axis is (2009)
a) 0∘ (b) 30∘ (c) 45∘ (d) 60∘ a a 2a a
(a) (b) (c) (d)
gk 2gk gk 4gk
Q. 59 What is the maximum value of force F
Q. 63 A block of mass m is on an inclined plane
such that the block shown in the arrangement.
of angle 𝜃. The coefficient of friction between
does not move? (2003)
the block and plane is µ and tan𝜃 > µ. The block
is held stationary by applying a force P parallel
to the plane. The direction of force pointing up
the plane is
Figure 4.146 taken to the
positive. As P is
(a) 20 N (b) 10 N (c) 12 N (d) 15 N
varied from
Q. 60 A block of mass m is at rest under the 𝑃1 =
action of force F against a wall as shown in Fig. 𝑚𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 −
4.147. Which of the following statement is 𝜇𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) to Figure 4.149
𝑃2= 𝑚𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 +
incorrect? (2005)
𝜇𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) the frictional force f versus P graph look
(a) f=mg (where f is
like (2010)
the frictional force)
(b) F=N (where N is
the normal force)
(c) F will not produce
torque
(d) N will not produce
torque Figure 4.147
Q. 61 System shown in Fig. 4.148 is in
equilibrium and at rest. The
spring and string are
massless. Now the string is Figure 4.150
cut. The acceleration of mass
2m and m just after the Q. 64 A reference frame attached to the earth
string is cut will be (2006) (1986)
(a) g/2 upwards, g (a) is an inertial frame by definition.
downwards (b) cannot be an inertial frame because the
(b) g upwards, g/2 earth is revolving round the sun.
downwards Figure 4.148 (c) is an inertial frame because Newton’s law
(c) g upwards, 2g are applicable in this frame.
downwards (d) cannot be an inertial frame because the
(d) 2g upwards, g downwards earth is rotating about its own axis

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Forces and Laws of Motion

Circular dynamics
Q. 65 A car is moving in a circular horizontal
track of radius 10m with a constant speed of
10m/s. A plumb bob is suspended from the
roof of the car by a light rigid rod. The angle
made by the rod with the vertical is
2
(Take g  10m / s ) [1992]

Q. 66. A ball of mass (m) 0.5 kg is attached to

the end of a string having length (L) 0.5m. The
ball is rotated on a
horizontal circular path
about vertical axis. The
maximum tension that the
string can bear is 324 N.
The maximum possible
value of angular velocity of
Figure 4.151
ball (in rad/s) cosec   3
[2011]
(a) 9 (b) 18 (c) 27 (d) 36

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Forces and Laws of Motion

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

Forces and Laws of Motion Q.4 The rear side of a truck is open and a box
Q.1 A man of mass 70 kg stands on weighting of 40 kg mass is placed 5 m away from the open
scale in a lift which is moving end as shown in Fig. 4.155. The co-efficient of
(a) upwards with a uniform speed of 10m𝑠 −1. friction between the box and the surface below
(b) downwards with a uniform acceleration of it is 0.15. On a straight road, the truck starts
5m𝑠 −2. from rest and accelerates with 2m𝑠 −2 . At what
(c) upwards with a uniform acceleration of distance from the starting point does the box
5m𝑠 −2. fall of the truck? (Ignore the size of the box).
(d) What would be the reading if the lift
mechanism
failed and it
hurtled down
freely under
gravity? Figure 4.155
Q.5 A helicopter of mass 1000 kg rises with a
What would be
vertical acceleration of 15m𝑠 −2. The crew and
the readings
Figure 4.152 the passenger weigh 300 kg. Give the
on the scale in
magnitude and direction of the
each case?
(a) force on the floor by the crew and
Q.2 A block of mass 25 kg is raised by a 50 kg passengers.
man in two different ways as shown in Fig. (b) action of the rotor of the helicopter on the
4.153. What is the action on the floor by the surrounding air.
man in the (c) force on the helicopter due to the
two cases? If surrounding air.
the floor
Q.6 A block of mass 15 kg is placed on a long
yields to a
trolley. The co-efficient of static friction
normal force
between the block and trolley is 0.18. The
of 700 N,
trolley accelerates from rest with 0.5m𝑠 −2 for
which mode
20 s and then moves with uniform velocity.
should man
Discuss the motion of the block viewed by (a) a
adopt to lift
stationary observer on the ground. (b) an
the block
observer moving with the trolley.
without the
Figure 4.153
floor yielding? Q.7 Both the springs shown in the Fig. 4.156 are
un-stretched. If the block is displaced by a
Q.3 A monkey of mass 40 kg climbs on a rope
distance x and released, what will be the initial
which can stand a maximum tension of 600 N.
acceleration?
In which of the following
cases will the rope break:
the monkey
(a) Climbs up with an
acceleration of 6m𝑠 −2 .
(b) Climbs down with an Figure 4.156
acceleration of 4m𝑠 −2 .
(c) Climbs up with a Q.8 Three equal weights of 2 kg each are
uniform speed of 5m𝑠 −1 . hanging over the frictionless pulley. Find the
Figure 4.154
(d) Falls down the rope acceleration of the system and tension of the
nearly freely under gravity. string connecting weights A and B. (g=9.8m/𝑠 2)

4.11
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Forces and Laws of Motion

The balloon carries a mass M and is found to

fall down near the earth’s surface with a
constant velocity v. How much mass should be
removed from the balloon so that it may rise
with a constant velocity v?

Q.13 Two touching bars 1 and 2 are placed on

Figure 4.157 an inclined plane forming an angle α with the
horizontal shown in Fig. 4.161. The masses of
the bars are equal to 𝑚1 and 𝑚2 and the
Q.9 Find the tension in OB and AB in the given
coefficients of friction between the inclined
Fig. 4.158. Also, calculate the tension in OB
plane and the bars are equal to 𝑘1 and 𝑘2
when just after the string AB is burnt.
respectively, with
𝑘1> 𝑘2.
Find (a) The force
of interaction of
the bars in the
process of
motion; (b) The Figure 4.161
minimum value
Figure 4.158 of the angle α at which the bars start sliding
down.
Q.10 A man of mass m has fallen into a ditch of
Q.14 A small body A starts sliding down from
width d and two of his friends are slowly pulling
the top of fixed wedge (as
him out using a light rope and two fixed pulleys
shown in the Fig. 4.162)
as shown in Fig. 4.159. Show that the force
whose base is equal to
(assumed equal for both the friends) exerted by
l=2.10 m. The coefficient of
each friend on
friction between the body
the rope
and the wedge surface is
increases as Figure 4.162
k=0.140. At what value of
the man move
the angle α will the time of sliding be the least?
up. Find the
force when Q.15 At the moment t=0 the force F=at is
the man is at a applied to a small body of mass m resting on a
depth h. Figure 4.159 smooth horizontal plane (a is constant). The
permanent direction of this force forms as
Q.11 The elevator
angle α with the
shown in the Fig. horizontal. Find
4.160 is descending (a) The velocity of
with an acceleration the body at the
of 2m/𝑠 2 . The mass moment of its
of block A is 0.5 kg. Figure 4.160 breaking off the
What force exerted plane; (b) The Figure 4.163
by the block A on the block B? distance traversed
by the body up to this moment.
Q.12 The force of buoyancy exerted by the Q.16 Two identical block A and B each of mass
atmosphere on a balloon is B in the upward M are connected through a light inextensible
direction and remains constant. The force of air string. Coefficient of friction between blocks
resistance on the balloon acts opposite to the and surfaces are µ as shown. Initially string is
direction of velocity and is proportional to it. relaxed in its normal length. Force F is applied

4.12
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Forces and Laws of Motion

on block A as shown. Find the force of friction Q.20 On a smooth inclined plane of angle α is
on blocks and tension in the string. placed on in such a
3 3 way that the upper
(a) If F  Mg (b) If F  Mg.
4 2 wedge face is
horizontal. On this
Q.17 In the Fig. 4.164 block A is one fourth the
horizontal face is
length of the block B and there is no friction
placed a block of
between block B and surface on which it is
mass m. Find the
placed. The coefficient of sliding friction
resultant Figure 4.168
between A and B. Block C and block A have the
acceleration of the
same mass and mass of B is four times mass of
block in subsequent motion.
A. when the
system is Q.21 In the system shown in Fig. 4.169 𝑚𝐴 =
released, 4𝑚, 𝑚𝐵 = 3𝑚 and 𝑚𝐶 = 8𝑚. Friction is absent
calculate the everywhere.
distance the String is light and
block B inextensible. If
moves when the system is
only three Figure 4.164 released from
fourth of rest find the
block A is still on the block B. acceleration of
Figure 4.169
each block.
Q.18 The inclined plane of forms an angle
Q.22 Find the
α=30∘ with the horizontal. The mass ratio. The
accelerations of rod A
coefficient of friction between the body 𝑚1 and
and wedge B in the
inclined plane is equal to k-0.10. The masses of
arrangement shown in
the pulley and the threads are negligible. Find
the Fig. 4.170. If the
the magnitude
ratio of the mass of the
and the
wedge of that of the
direction of
rod equals, and the
acceleration of Figure 4.170
friction between all
the body 𝑚2
contact surfaces is negligible.
when the
system of Figure 4.166 Q.23 A particle of mass m is pulled by means
masses starts of a thread up an inclined plane forming an
moving. angle α with the
horizontal as shown in
Q.19 As shown in the Fig. 4.167 blocks of
the Fig. 4.171. The
masses M/2, M and M/2 are connected
coefficient of friction is
through a light
equal to µ. Find the angle
string as shown,
𝛽 which the thread must
pulleys are light
form with the inclined Figure 4.171
and smooth.
plane for the tension of
Friction is only
the thread to be maximum. What is it equal to?
between block
C and floor. Figure 4.167 Q.24 A plank of mass 𝑚1with a block of mass
System is 𝑚2 placed on it lies on a smooth horizontal
released from rest. Find the acceleration of plane. A horizontal force growing with time t as
blocks A, B and C and tension in the string. F=at(a is constant) is applied to the plank. Find
how the accelerations of the plank 𝑤1 and of
the bar 𝑤2 depend on t, if the coefficient of

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Forces and Laws of Motion
friction between the plank and block is equal to
k. Draw approximate plots of these
dependences.
Figure 4.172
Q.25 A horizontal plane with the coefficient of
friction k supports two bodies: a bar and an
electric motor with a battery on a block. A
thread attached to the bar is wound on the
shaft of the electric motor. The distance
between the bar and electric motor is equal to
l. When the motor is
switched on, the bar,
whose mass is twice
as great as that of
the other body,
starts moving with a Figure 4.173
constant
acceleration w. how soon will the bodies
collide?
Q.26 Two particle of equal masses m and m are
connected up a light string of length 2l. A
constant force F is applied continuously at the
middle of the string, always along the
perpendicular bisector of the line joining the
two particles. Show that when the distance
between the particles is 2x, the acceleration of
approach of particles is a  F x Figure 4.176
m (l2  x2 )1/2
Q.27 Determine the acceleration of bodies A
and B and the tension in the cable due to
application of the 300 N force. Neglect all
friction and the masses of pulleys.
Figure 4.174
Q.28 Figure 4.175 shows three movable pulleys
of masses 𝑚1, 𝑚2 and 𝑚3 connected by a single
string. If the pulleys are frictionless, string is
light inextensible and pulleys 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 are
light, find tension in the string.
Figure 4.175
Q.29 Two blocks A and B having masses 𝑚1=1
kg and 𝑚2=4 kg are arranged as shown in Fig.
4.176. The pulleys P and Q are light and
frictionless. All blocks are resting on the
horizontal floor and pulleys are held such that
strings remain just taut. At moment t=0, a force
F=30N starts acting on the pulley P along
vertically upward direction as shown in the Fig.
4.176: Determine
(a) The time when blocks A and B lose contact
with ground,
(b) The velocity of A when B loses contact with
ground,
(c) The height raised by A till this instant.
Circular Dynamics
Q.30 An astronaut is rotating in a rotor having
vertical axis and radius 4m. If he can withstand
upto acceleration of 10 g. Then what is the
maximum number of permissible revolutions

per second? g  10m / s2 
Q.31 A racing-car of 1000kg moves round a
banked track at a constant speed of 108 km h1
. Assuming the total reaction at the wheels is
normal to the track and the horizontal radius of
inclination of the track to the horizontal and
the reaction at the wheels.
Q.32 A man whirls a stone around his lead on
the end of a string 4metre long. If the stone has
a mass of 0.4 kg and the string will break if the
tension in it exceeds 8 N, what is the smallest
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Forces and Laws of Motion
angle the string can make with the horizontal?

What is the speed of the stone? g  10m / s2  the ceiling of a car taking a turn of radius 10m
Q.33 A boy whirls a stone in a horizontal circle
of radius 1.5m and 2m above the ground by
means of a string. The string breaks and the
stone files off horizontally, striking the ground
10m away. What is the centripetal acceleration
during circular motion?
Q.34 A stone is fastened to one end of a string
and is whirled in a vertical circle of radius R.
Find the minimum speed the stone can have at
the highest point of the circle.
Q.35 A stone of mass 1kg is attached to one
end of a string of length 1m and breaking
strength 500N, and is whirled in a horizontal
circle on a frictionless table top. The other end
of the string is kept fixed. Find the maximum
speed the stone can attain without breaking
the string.
Q.36 A circular automobile test track has a
radius of 200m. The track is so designed that
when a car travels at a speed of 100 kilometer
per hour, the force between the automobile
and the track is normal to the surface of track.
Find the angle of the bank.
Q.37 A cyclist is riding with a speed of 18 kmh1
. As he approaches a circular turn on the road
of radius 70m, he applies brakes and reduces
his speed at the constant rate of 0.75 ms1 every
second. What is the magnitude and direction of
the net acceleration of the cyclist on the circular
turn?
Q.38 A motorcycle has to move with a constant
speed on an over bridge which is in the form of
a circular are of radius R and has a total length
L. Suppose the motorcycle starts from the
highest point. (a) What can its maximum
velocity be for which contact with road is not
broken at the highest point? (b) If the
motorcycle goes at speed 1 times the
2
maximum found in part (a). Where will it lose
the contact with the road? (c) What maximum
uniform speed can it maintain on the bridge if
it does not lose contact anywhere on the
bridge?
Q.39 A simple pendulum is suspended from
at a speed of 36km/h. Find the angle made by
the string of the pendulum with the vertical if
this angle does not change during the turn.
2
Take g  10m / s .
Q.40 A heavy particle hanging from a fixed
point by a light inextensible string of length ' '
is projected horizontally with speed gl , find
the speed of the particle and the inclination of
the string to the vertical at the instant of the
motion when the tension in the string is equal
to the weight of the particle.
Q.41 A hemispherical bowl of radius R is
rotated about its axis of symmetry which is kept
vertical. A small block is kept in the bowl at a
position where the radius makes angle  with
the vertical. The block rotates with the bowl
without any shipping. The frictional coefficient
between the block and the bowl is  . Find the
range of angular speed for which the block will
not slip.
Q.42 A table with smooth horizontal surface is
fixed in a cabin that rotates with a uniform
angular velocity   220s1 in a circular path of
radius R=700m. A smooth groove AB of length
L=7m is made on the surface of the table. The
groove makes an angle   30 with the radius
OA of the circle in which the cabin rotates. A
small particle if kept at the point A in the
groove and is released to move along AB. Find
the time taken by the particle to reach the point
B.
Figure 4.177 Q.43 A
table with smooth horizontal surface is placed
in a cabin which moves in a circle of a large
radius R. A smooth pulley of small radius is
fastened to the table. Two masses of m and 2m
are placed on the table connected through a
string going over the pulley. Initially the masses
were at rest. Find the magnitude of the initial
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Forces and Laws of Motion

acceleration of the masses as seen from the Q.50 A block of mass M is kept on a horizontal
cabin and the tension in the string. ruler. The friction coefficient between the ruler
and block is  . The ruler is fixed at one end and
the block is at a distance L from the fixed end.
The ruler is rotated about the fixed end. Find
the maximum angular speed for which block
will slip.
Figure 4.178
Q.44 A particle of mass m moves along a
horizontal circle of radius R such that normal
acceleration of particle varies with time as
an  Kt2 , where K is a constant. Calculate
(i) tangential force on particle at time t
(ii) total force on particle at time t
(iii) power developed by total force at time t
and
(iv) average power developed by total force
over first t second

Q.45 A smooth sphere of radius R is made to

translate in a straight line with a constant
acceleration a. A particle kept on the top of the
sphere is released from there at zero velocity
with respect to the sphere. Find the speed of
the particle with respect to the sphere as a
function of the angle  it slides.

Q.46 A uniform circular ring of mass per unit

length  and radius R is rotating with angular
velocity  about its own axis in a gravity free
space. Find the tension in the ring.

Q.47 If a particle is rotating in a circle of radius

R with velocity at an instant v and the
tangential acceleration is a. Find the net
acceleration of the particle.

Q.48 A metal ring of mass m and radius R is

placed on a smooth horizontal table and is set
rotating about its own axis in such a way that
each part of the ring moves with speed v. Find
the tension in the ring.

Q.49 A car goes on a horizontal circular road of

radius R the speed is increasing at a constant
dv
rate  a. The friction coefficient is  . Find
dt
the speed at which the car will just skid.

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Forces and Laws of Motion

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Forces and Laws of Motion is stationary and in time t 2 if it is moving
Q.1 A chain of length L and mass M is hanging uniformly. Then
(A) t1  t2 (B) t1  t 2 (C) t1  t2
by fixing its upper end to rigid support. The
(D) t1  t2 or t1  t2 depending on whether the
tension in the chain at a distance x from the
lift is going up or down.
rigid support is
(L x) x
(A) zero (B) F (C) Mg (D) Mg
L L

Q.2 A block A kept on an inclined surface just

begins to slide if the inclination is 30°. The
block is replaced by another block B and it is
found that it just begins to slide if the
inclination is 40°.
(A) mass of A > mass of B.
(B) mass of A < mass of B Figure 4.180
(C) mass of A = mass of B
Q.6 How large must F be in the Fig. 4.181
(D) all the three are possible.
shown to given the 700 gm block an
Q.3 The arrangement shown in the Fig. 4.179, acceleration of 30 cm/s 2? The coefficient of
the system of masses 𝑚1 , 𝑚2 and 𝑚3 is being friction between all surfaces is 0.15.
pushed by a force F applied on 𝑚1 horizontally. (A) 4 N (B) 2.18 N (C) 3.18 N (D) 6N
In order to prevent the downwards slipping of
m2 between m1 and m3 . If coefficient of friction
between m2 and m3 is µ and all the other
surfaces are smooth, the minimum value of F

Figure 4.181

Q.7 If the force which acting parallel to an

inclined plane of angle α just sufficient to draw
Figure 4.179
the weight up in n times the force which will
m2g just let it be on the point of sliding down, the
(A) F  (m1  m2  m3 )
m3 coefficient of friction will be
(n 1) (n 1)
m2g (A)   tan  (B)   tan 
(B) F  (m1  m2  m3 ) n1 n1
m3 (C)   ntan  (D)   (n  1)tan 
(C) F  (m1  m2  m3 ) g
Q.8 Two blocks A and B of masses m and M are
(D) F  (m1  m2  m3 ) g placed in a platform as shown in the Fig. 4.182.
The friction coefficient between A and B is µ but
Q.4 A man thinks about 4 arrangements as there is no friction between B and the platform.
shown to rise two small bricks each having The whole arrangement is placed inside an
mass m. Which of the arrangement would take elevator which is coming down with an
minimum time? acceleration f(f < g). What maximum horizontal
force F can be applied to A without disturbing
Q.5 A person, standing on the floor of an
the equilibrium of the system?
elevator, drops a coin. The coin reaches the
floor of the elevator in a time t1 . If the elevator

4.17
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Forces and Laws of Motion

(A) 90 N (B) 60 N (C) 80 N (D) 100 N.

Figure 4.182 Figure 4.184

(A) 2µmg (B) 2µm(g – f) Q.12 A block of mass m1 rests on a rough

(C) 2µm(g +f) (D) 2µmf horizontal plane relative to which the
coefficient of friction is µ. A light string
Q.9 A body of mass m1 is placed on a attached to the body passes over a light pulley
horizontal plank of mass m2 which rests on a and carries at its other end a mass m2 . When
smooth horizontal table. The coefficient of the system just begins to move, the value of µ
friction between the mass m1 and plank is µ. A is
gradually increasing force F depending on time
t as F=at where a is constant is applied to the
plank. The time t 0 at which the plank starts
sliding under the mass is
m1g (m1  m2 )g
(A) (B)
a a
m2g m1m2g
(C) (D)
a a

Q.10 Block A is placed on block B whose mass Figure 4.185

is greater than that of A. There is friction m2 m2
(A) (B)
between blocks while the ground is smooth. A 2m1  m2 2m1  m2
horizontal force P increasing linearly with time
m2 m2
begins to act on A. The accelerations a1 and a2 (C) (D)
of A and B respectively are plotted in a graph 2m2  m1 2m2  m1
against time. Which of the following graphs
represents the real situation? Q.13 Blocks A and B in Fig. 4.186 are connected
by a bar of negligible weight. If mass of A and
M are 170 kg each and µA = 0.2 and µB = 0.4,
where µA and µB are the coefficients of limiting
friction between blocks and plane, calculate the
force in the bar. (g=10m/s 2)
(A) 150 N (B) 75 N (C) 200 N (D) 250 N

Figure 4.183

Q.11 Find the least horizontal force P to start

motion of any part of the system of the three
blocks resting upon one another as shown in Figure 4.186
Fig. 4.184. The weight of blocks are A=300 N,
B= 100 N, C=200 N. Between A and B, µ=0.3. Multiple Correct Question
Between B and C, µ=0.2. Between C and the
Q.14 In the arrangement shown in the Fig.
ground µ=0.1.
4.187 pulley is smooth and massless and string

4.18
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Forces and Laws of Motion

is light. Friction coefficient between A and B is

µ. Friction is absent between A and plane.
Select the correct alternative(s)

Figure 4.189
Assertion Reason Question
Q.17 A: The law of conservation of linear
Figure 4.187 momentum, as applied to a single particle, is
(A) acceleration of the system is zero if equivalent to Newton’s first law of motion.
R: As Newton’s first law states in the absence of
m  mA
 B tan  and mB  mA external force state of motion of a body does
2mB not change.
(B) Force of friction between A and B is zero if Q.18 A: The impulse of a force can be zero even
mA  mB if force is not zero.
R: The impulse of a force is equal to change in
(C) B moves upwards if mB <mA
momentum of a body.
(D) Tension in the string is mg(sinθ − µcosθ) if
mA  mB  m Comprehension Type Question
Passage # 1
Q.15 Two blocks A and B of mass 10 kg and 20 A ball of mass m is
kg respectively are placed as shown in Fig. connected with the
4.188. Coefficient of string AB and BC
friction between all the respectively as
surfaces is 0.2 shown in the Fig.
(g=10m/s )2 4.190. Now string AB
(A) Tension in the string is is cut. Answer the
306 N following questions Figure 4.190
(B) Tension in the string is
Q.19 Tension in the string AB and BC
132 N
respectively the string AB is cut
(C) Acceleration of block
(A) mg cotB, mg cosB (B) mg tanB, mg cosB
B is 2.6m/s 2
(C) mg tanB, mg secB (D) mg cotB, mg secB
(D) Acceleration of block Figure 4.188
B is 4.7m/s 2
Q.20 Tension in the string BC just after the
string AB is cut
Q.16 In the arrangement shown in the Fig.
(A) mg sinB (B) mg cosB
4.189 all surface are smooth. Select the correct
(C) mg tanB (D)mg secB
alternative(s)
Q.21 If string BC is cut instead of AB, what is the
(A) For any value of θ acceleration of A and B tension in the string AB just after
are equal (A) mg cosB (B) mg tanB
(B) Contact force between the two blocks is (C) mg sinB (D) zero
zero if mA /mB =tanθ
(C) Contact force between the two is zero for Q.22 If the whole system is placed in an
any value of mA or mB automobile, what is the acceleration required
(D) Normal reactions exerted by the wedge on to be given to it so that even after cutting the
the block are equal. string AB, it remains in the same position
(A) g tanB, right ward (B) g cotB, right ward
(C) g tanB, left ward (D) g cotB, left ward

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Forces and Laws of Motion

Passage # 2 that the acceleration due to gravity,

A block of mass m slides down a smooth incline (g=10m/s 2)
of mass M and length l, solely as a result of the
force of gravity. The incline is placed on a
smooth horizontal
table as shown in
Fig. 4.191. Let us
denote the
coordinate system
relative to the table
as S1 and the
coordinate system
Figure 4.191 Figure 4.192
relative to the
incline as S∅ Q.27 The net force due to plank, acting on the
Q.23 The acceleration of m in the S’ frame is block A, has magnitude

(A)
(M m)gsin 
(B)
(M m)gsin  (A)2mg (B)mg (C) 3mg (D) 5mg
2
M  msin  m  Msin2 
(M m)gsin  (M m)gsin  Q.28 The magnitude of the force exerted on the
(C) (D)
2
M  msin  M  msin  pulley by the clamp is, when the system is in
equilibrium
Q.24 The acceleration of the incline in the S 2 2mg
(A) 4mg (B) 4mg/ 3 (C) (D)2 2mg
frame 3
 mgsin  cos    mgsin  cos  
(A)   (B)    Q.29 The plank is suddenly broken by an
2 2
 M  msin    M  msin  
impulsive force, acting downwards. The
 Mgsin  cos    Mgsin  cos  
(C)   (D)    instantaneous accelerations of A and B, just
2 2
 M  msin    M  msin   after the plank is removed, are respectively,
Q.25 The force exerted by the small m on the (A)10m / s2 and 10m / s2
wedge of mass M (B)20m / s2 and 3.33m / s2
Mmg mg (C)12m / s2 and 6.66m / s2
(A)mgcos  (B) (C) (D)None
M  msin2  cos  (D)None of the above
Matrix Match Type Question
Q.26 At what acceleration ax (in the S frame)
Q.30 A block of mass m is placed on a plank,
must the incline be accelerated to prevent m
which is pivoted at one end. The plank is slowly
from sliding
turned as shown in Fig. 4.193. The friction
gtan  gtan 
(A)  gtan  (B)  gtan  (C)  (D)  coefficient between block and plank is 0.8.
2 2
Angle between ground and plank friction force
Passage # 4 between block and plank
An arrangement designed to measure the
acceleration due to gravity at a place consist of
two blocks A and B, of mass m and 2m
respectively connected to each other by means
of a light inextensible string passing over a light Figure 4.193
frictionless pulley as shown in the Fig. 4.192. A (A) 30 (i)zero
light and very rough plank, rigidly held in (B) 45 (ii)0.5mg
position, supports the block A. the system, it is (A) 60 (iii)0.8mg
observed does not move at all. The portion of (A) 75 (iv)mg
the string OA, is initially horizontal. Assume

4.20
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Forces and Laws of Motion

Circular Dynamics (B) the magnitude of the frictional force on the

Q.31 Two bodies of mass 10k and 5kg moving 2
car is greater than mv / R
in concentric orbits of radii R and r such that
(C) the friction coefficient between the ground
their periods are the same. Then the ratio
and the car is not less than a/g
between their centripetal acceleration is:
(D) the friction coefficient between the ground
(A) R/r (B) r/R
1 2
2 2 2 2 and the car is   tan v / Rg
(C) R / r (D) r / R
Q.37 A circular road of radius r is banked for a
Q.32 A string breaks if its tension exceeds 10
speed of v=40km/h. A car of mass m attempts
newton. A stone of mass 250 mg tied to this
to go on the circular road. The friction
string of length 10cm is rotated in a horizontal
coefficient between the tyre and the road is
circle. The maximum angular velocity of
negligible. Then-
rotation can be:
(A) the car cannot make a turn without skidding
(A) 20 rad/s (B) 40 rad/s
(B) if the car turn at a speed less than 40km/h,
(C) 100 rad/s (D) 200 rad/s
it will slip down.
Q.33 A stone of mass of 16kg is attached to a (C) if the car turns at the correct speed of
string 144m long and is whirled in a horizontal 40km/h the force by the road on the car is
circle. The maximum tension the string can equal to mv / r
2
withstand is 16 newton. The maximum speed
(D) if the car turns at the correct speed of 40
of revolution of the stone without breaking it,
km/h, the force by the road on the car is greater
will be:
2
(A) 20ms1 (B) 16ms1 that mg as well as greater than mv / r
(C) 14ms1 (D) 12ms1
Q.38 Fig. 4.194 shows a rod of length L pivoted
Q.34 Three identical particles are joined near an end and which is made to rotate in a
together by a thread as shown in figure. All the horizontal plane with a constant angular speed.
three particles are moving on a smooth A ball of mass m is suspended by a string also
horizontal plane about point O. If the velocity of length L from the other end of the rod. If  is
the angle made by sting with the vertical, then-
of the outermost particle is v 0 , then the ratio of
tensions in the three sections of the string is
(A) 3:5:7 (B) 3:4:5
(C) 7:11:6 (D) 3:5:6

Q.35 The kinetic energy k of a particle moving

along a circle of radius R depends on the
distance covered s as k= as2 where a is a
constant. The total force acting on the particle Figure 4.194
is:
2  s2 
1/2 
(A) Tsin  m2L 1  sin 
(A) 2a s (B) 2as  2  (B) T cos   mg
R R 
 
2
2L 1  sin  
R (C) tan  
(C) 2as (D) 2as 2
g
s (D) none of above
Q.36 A car of mass M is moving on a horizontal Comprehension Type Question
circular path of radius r. At an instant its speed Passage –I (Question 39 to 41)
is v and is increasing at a rate a-
A block of mass m moves on a horizontal circle
(A) the acceleration of the car is towards the
against the wall of a cylindrical room of radius
centre of the path
R. The floor of the room on which the block

4.21
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Forces and Laws of Motion

moves is smooth but the friction coefficient Q.42 If v is the velocity of rotation of rotor and
between the block and the side wall is  . The N be the reaction of wall, then-
2
block is given initial velocity v o . Then answer (A) N=mg (B) N  mv
r
the following questions. 2
2  mv 2 
Q.39 What is the tangential acceleration of the (C) N  mg 
 r 

block?  
(A) g (B) g (D) none of these
2 2
(C) v / R (D) v / R Q.43 In order to man remain in equilibrium we
must have-
Q.40 What is the value of velocity v as the
(A) mg  N (B) f2  mg
function of time t?
(C) N  mg (D) none of these
(A) 1  1  t (B) 1  1  t
v v0 2R v v0 2R
Q.44 The value of velocity will be given by –
(C) 1  1  t (D) 1  1  t
v v0 R v v0 R rg
(A) v  rg (B) v 

Q.41 What is the value of velocity v as the
function of distance x travelled on the g g
(C) v  (D) v 
circumference? r r
2 
  x
(A) v  v oe R (B) v  v oe R

  x
2

(C) v  v o 1  e R  (D) v  v o
 
 
Passage II (Question 42 to 44)
In a rotor, a hollow vertical cylindrical structure
rotates about its axis and a person rests against
the inner wall. At a particular speed of the rotor,
the floor below the person
is removed and the person
hangs resting against the
wall without any floor. If
the radius of the rotor is
2m and the coefficient of
static friction between the
wall and the person is 0.2. Figure 4.195
Find the following
parameters and relations.

4.22
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Forces and Laws of Motion

Matrix Match Type Question

Q.45 A particle is suspended from a string of length ‘R’. It is given a
velocity u  3 Rg . Match the following

Column I Column II
(A) Velocity at B (P) 7mg
(B) Velocity at C (Q) 5gR
(C) Tension at B (R) 7gR Figure 4.196
(D) Tension at C (S) 4 mg

Q.46 The bob of a simple pendulum is given a velocity 10m/s at its lowest point. Mass of the bob
is 1kg and string length is 1 m.

Column I Column II
(A) Minimum tension in string (in Newton) (P) 50
(B) Magnitude of acceleration of bob when the (Q) 60
2
string is horizontal (in m / s )
(R) zero
(C) Minimum magnitude of acceleration of bob
2
(in m / s )
(D) Tangential acceleration at the highest point (S) 10 65
2
(in m / s )

Q.47 A car of mass 500kg is moving in a circular road of radius 35 / 3 . Angle of the banking of
road is 30. Coefficient of friction between road and tires is   1 . Match the following:
2 3
Column I Column II
(A) Maximum speed (in m/s) of car for safe (P) 5 2
turning (Q) 12.50
(B) Minimum speed (in m/s) of car for safe
turning (R) 210
(C) Speed (in m/s) at which friction force
between tires and road is zero 350
(D) Friction force (in 102 Newton) between (S)
3
350
tires and road if speed is m/s
6

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Forces and Laws of Motion

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

Forces and Laws of Motion
Q 48. In the Fig. 4.197, the blocks A, B and C Assuming the string to be taut, find (a) the
have masses 3 kg, 4 kg, and 8 kg respectively. common acceleration of two masses and (b)
The coefficient of sliding friction between any the tension in the string. (sin37∘ =
two surfaces is 0.25. A is held at rest by a 0.6 , cos37∘=0.8 ) (Take g=9.8m/s 2)
massless rigid rod fixed to the wall, while B and (1979)
C are connected by a light flexible cord passing Q 52. Masses M1, M2 and M3 are connected by
around a fixed frictionless pulley. Find the force strings of negligible mass which passes over
F necessary to massless and frictionless pulleys P1 and P2 as
drag C along the shown in Fig. 4.199. The masses move such that
horizontal portion of the string between P1 and P2 is
surface to the parallel to the inclined plane and portion of the
left at a constant string between
speed. Assume P2 and M3 is horizontal. The masses M2 and
that the M3 are 4.0 kg each and coefficient of kinetic
arrangement friction between the masses and surfaces is
shown in the Fig. Figure 4.197 0.25. The inclined plane makes an angle of 37∘
4.197. i.e. B on C with the horizontal. (1981)
and A on B, is maintained throughout. (Take
g=10m/s 2) (1978)

Q 49. A uniform rope of length L and mass M

lying on a smooth table is pulled by a constant
force F. What is the tension in the rope at a
distance l from the end where the force is
applied? (1978)
Figure 4.199
Q 50. A block of mass 2 kg slides on an inclined
plane which makes an angle of 30∘ with the Q 53. A block of mass m rests on a horizontal
horizontal. The coefficient of friction between floor with which it has a coefficient of static
the block and the surface is √3⁄√2. What force friction µ. It is desired to make the body move
along the plane should be applied to the block by applying the minimum possible force F. Find
so that it moves (a) down and (b) up without the magnitude of F and direction in which it has
any acceleration (Take g=10m/s 2) (1978) toFigure
be applied. (1987)
4.200
Q 51. Two blocks
connected by a Q 54. Two blocks of mass 2.9 kg and 1.9 kg are
massless string suspended from a rigid support S by two
slides down an inextensible wires each of
inclined plane length 1 m. The upper wire
having an angle of has negligible mass and the
inclination 37∘. The lower wire has a uniform
masses of the two mass of 0.2 kg/m. The whole
blocks are M1 = system of blocks, wires and
4 kg and M2 = 2kg support have an upward
Figure 4.198
respectively and acceleration of 0.2m/s 2. The
coefficients of friction of M1 and M2 with the acceleration due to gravity Figure 4.200
inclined plane are 0.75 and 0.25 respectively. is 9.8m/s 2. (1989)

4.24
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Forces and Laws of Motion

Q 55. A hemispherical bowl of radius R=0.1 m such that the mass m1 is at a distance of 0.124
is rotating about its own axis (which is vertical) m from O. The masses are observed to be at
with an angular velocity ⍵. A particle of mass rest with respect to an observer on the turn of
10−2 kg on the frictionless inner surface of the table. (1997)
bowl is also rotating with the same ⍵. The (a) Calculate the frictional force on m1 .
particle is at height h from the bottom of the (b) What should be the minimum angular
bowl. speed of the turn table, so that the masses will
(a) Obtain the relation between h and ⍵. What slip from this position?
is the minimum value of ⍵ needed, in order to (c) How should the masses be placed with the
have a non-zero value of h? string remaining taut so that there is no
(b) It is desired to measure (acceleration due to frictional force acting on the mass m2 ?
gravity) using the setup by measuring h
Q 58. Block A of mass m and block B of mass
accurately. Assuming that R and ⍵ are known
precisely and that the least count in the 2m are placed on a fixed triangular wedge by
means of a massless, inextensible string and a
measurement of h is 10−4 m, what is minimum
possible error ∆g in the measured value of g? frictionless pulley as shown in Fig. 4.202. The
wedge is inclined at 45∘ to the horizontal on
(1993)
both the sides. The coefficient of friction
Q 56. A smooth semicircular wire track of between block A and wedge is 2/3 and that
radius R is fixed in a vertical plane. One end of between block B and the wedge is 1/3. If the
a massless spring of natural length 3R/4 is blocks A and B
attached to the lowest point O of the wire track. released from
A small ring of mass m which can slide on the rest, find (a) the
track is attached to the other end of the spring. acceleration A,
The ring is held stationary at point P such that (b) Tension in the
the spring makes an angle 60∘ with the vertical. string and
The spring constant (c) The magnitude
and direction of Figure 4.202
k=mg/R. Consider
the instant when the the force of friction acting on A
ring is making an (1997)
angle 60∘ with the
Q 59. Two blocks A and B of equal masses are
vertical. The spring is
released from an inclined plane of inclination
released (a) Draw
45∘ at t=0. Both the blocks are initially at rest.
the free body
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the
diagram of the ring.
block A and
(b) Determine the
tangential inclined plane is
0.2 while it is 0.3
acceleration of the
Figure 4.201 for block B.
ring and the normal
Initially the block
reaction? (1996)
A is √2 m behind
Q 57. Two blocks of mass m1 = 10 kg and m2 = the block B. When
5 kg connected to each other by a massless and where their Figure 4.203
inextensible string of length 0.3 m are placed front faces will
along a diameter of turn table. The coefficient come in a line?
of friction between the table and m1 is 0.5 while (2004)
there is no friction between m2 and the table.
The table is rotating with an angular velocity of Circular Dynamics
10 rad/s about the vertical axis passing through Q 60. A long horizontal rod has a bead which
centre O. The masses are placed along the can slide along its length and is initially placed
diameter of the table on either side of center O

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Forces and Laws of Motion

at a distance L from one end A of the rod. The
rod is set in angular motion about A with a
constant angular acceleration  .If the
coefficient of friction between the rod and
bead is  , and gravity is neglected, then the
time after which the bead starts slipping is
[2000]
 
(a)  (b) 
1 Q64. A point mass of 1 kg collides elastically

(c) (d) infinitesimal
Q 61. A small block is shot into each of the
four track as shown below. Each of the track
rises to the same height. The speed with
which the block enters the track is the same
in all cases. At the highest point of the track,
Q63. A reference frame attached to the earth
[1986]
(a) is an inertial frame by definition
(b) Cannot be an inertial frame because the
earth is revolving round the sun
(c) is an inertial frame because Newton’s laws
are applicable in this frame
(d) Cannot be an inertial frame because the
earth is rotating about its own axis
with a stationary point mass of 5 kg. After their
collision, the 1 kg mass reverses its direction
and moves with a speed of 2ms1 . Which of the
following statement(s) is/are correct for the
system of these two masses. [2010]
(a) Total momentum of the system is
3kg  ms 1

the normal reaction is maximum in [2001]
(b) Momentum of 5 kg mass after collision is
4kg  ms1
(c) Kinetic energy of the centre of mass is 0.75
J
(d) Total kinetic energy of the system is 4J

Q65. A smooth semicircular wire track of radius

R is fixed in a vertical plane (Fig. 4.205). One
end of a massless spring of natural length 3R/4
is attached to the lowest point O of the wire
Figure 4.204 track. A small ring of mass m which can slide on
Objective Questions II [One or more correct the track is attached to the other end of the
option] spring. The ring is held stationery at point P
Q62. A simple pendulum of length L and mass such that the spring
(bob) M is oscillating in a plane about a vertical makes an angle 60
line between angular limits  and   . For an with the vertical. The
 
angular displacement     , the tension in spring constant
k=mg/R. Consider the
the string and the velocity of the bob are T and instant when the ring is
v respectively. The following relations hold making an angle 60
good under the above conditions. [1986] with the vertical. The
(a) T cos   Mg spring is released (a)
2
(b) T  Mgcos   Mv Draw the free body
L diagram of the ring. (b) Figure 4.205
(c) The magnitude of the tangential Determine the
acceleration of the bob T  gsin  tangential acceleration of the ring and the
normal reaction. [1996]
(d) T  Mgcos 

4.26
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Forces and Laws of Motion

PLANCESS ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS

Q. 18 Q.21 Q.26 Q.27 Q.28

EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN

Q.5 Q.14 Q.18 Q.22 PASSAGE (Q.26-Q. 29)

Q.51 Q.59

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 Q.4 Q.13 Q.17 Q.20 Q.29

Q.38 Q.43

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Q.3 Q.6 Q.8 Q.11 Q.14 Q.15

Q.16 ALL PASSAGES Q.36 Q.37 Q.59 Q.61

Q.64

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Forces and Laws of Motion

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS
Forces and Laws of Motion
Q.4 100 Ns. Q.23 2.5  104 km
Q.5 12.5 N 2
Q.24 gr (r  r )  2lgm
Q.14 0.872 m/s, 1.744 m
Q.15 30N Circular Dynamics
Q.16 1.4 ms2 , 33.6 N 2
Q.17 1000 N, 750 N Q.25 439 kmh
Q.18 40 Q.26 0.86 ms2
Q.19 750 N/m
Q.27   x  y  / 2cm / s2
Q.20 1 cm
Q.21 9 m/s. Q.28 0.86 ms2 ;   5428'
ˆ
Q.22 r  (i12500  ˆj6250)m Q.29 h=R/3

EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN

Forces and Laws of Motion
Q.1 A Q.2 B Q.3 C Q.4 C Q.5 A Q.6 A
Q.7 C Q.8 B Q.9 B Q.10 A Q.11 C Q.12 B
Q.13 A Q.14 A Q.15 A Q.16 D Q.17 C Q.18 C
Q.19 D Q.20 B Q.21 B Q.22 B,D Q.23 D Q.24 A
Q.25 A Q.26 D Q.27 B Q.28 A Q.29 A

Circular Dynamics
Q.30 D Q.31 C Q.32 D Q.33 A Q.34 C Q.35 B
Q.36 A Q.37 A Q.38 B Q.39 D Q.40 B Q.41 D
Q.42 B, D Q.43 D Q.44 C Q.45 B Q.46 E Q.47 B
Q.48 A Q.49 D

PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

Forces and Laws of Motion
Q.50) C Q.51) A Q.52) C Q.53) A Q.54) A Q.55) A Q.56) A
Q.57) D Q.58) C Q.59) A Q.60) D Q.61) A Q.62) B Q.63) A
Q.64) B,D

Circular Dynamics
Q.65 C Q.66 D

4.28
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Forces and Laws of Motion

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

Forces and Laws of Motion (M m)gsin2 
Q1. (a) 70 kg, (b) 35 kg, (c) 105 kg, (d) zero Q.20 f
M  msin2 
Q2. (a) 750 N, (b) 250 N, Mode (b) should
not be adopted
Q.21 Acceleration of block A is g/8 in
Q3. (a) T=640 N, (b) T=240 N, (c) T=400
horizontal direction and 5g/8 in
N, (d) T=0, Rope will break in case (a).
vertical direction. Acceleration of block
Q4. 15 m. B is g/2 leftwards. Acceleration of
Q.5 (a) 7500 N downwards, (b) 32500 N block C is g/8 rightwards
downwards, (c) 32500 N upward
g g
Q.6 (a)accelerated with acceleration 0.5 Q.22 aA  ,aB 
2
1   cot  tan    cot 
2
m / s , (b) at rest. mg(sin    cos )
Q.23 tanB  , Tmin 
(k1  k 2 )x 1  2
Q.7
m
Q.24
Q.8 g/3, 4g/3
Q.9 Tab  mgtan , Tob  mg / cos  , T'  mgcos 

Mg 2
Q.10 a  4h2
4h
Q.11 4N
2(Mg B) Figure 4.206
Q.12
g
When
mg2 cos 
Q.13 (a) f  (k 1  k 2 ) , (m1  m2 )g
m1  m2 t  t0 (where t0  ) w1  w2  k g
a
k1 m1  k 2 m2 t  t0 w1  at / m1  km2g / m1 ,w2  k g
(b) cos min 
m1  m2
2l
1  1 Q.25 t
Q.14   tan1    (3w  kg)
2  
2 2 3 Q.26 aA  2.34 m / s2 , aB  1.558m / s2 , T  81.8N
mg cos  m g cos 
Q.15 (a) v  2
, (b) s  4m1m2m3g
2asin  6a2 sin3  Q.28 T
3
4m1m2  m2m3  m1m3
Q.16 (a) fA  Mg, fB  0, T  0
4
Q.29 (a) t A  1sec,tB  2sec, .
Mg Mg
(b) fA  Mg, fB  ,T
2 2 (b) v A  5m / s (c)
13l
Q.17
16(2  3) Circular Dynamics
g(  sin   cos ) 5
Q.18 w2   0.5g Q.30 fmax  rev / sec
1 2
3 Mgsin 
Q.19 aA  aC  gsin ,aB  gsin ,T  Q.31 45, 2  10 4 N
4 8
Q.32   30,v  7.7m / s

4.29
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Forces and Laws of Motion

Q.33 163.3m / s2 2L
Q.42 2
 R cos 
Q.34 Rg
2R 4
Q.35 22.36m / s Q.43 , m2R
3 3
Q.36 2129'
2
Q.44 (i) m KR (ii) m K R  Kt
4
  (iii)mKRt
Q.37 a  0.86ms ,   5427'
1
(iv) mKRt
Q.38 (a) Rg 2
1/2
R Q.45 2R  asin   g  gcos   
(b) a distance along the bridge  
3
Q.46 R 2 2
from the highest point
2
(c) gR cos L / 2R  2
 v2 
Q.47 a  
R 
Q.39 45  
mv 2
g Q.48
Q.40 v 2R
3
 
1/4
Q.49  2g2  a2 R2 
Q.41  
1/2 1/2
 g  sin    cos    g  sin    cos    g
  to   Q.50
 Rsin   cos    sin     Rsin   cos    sin   
    L

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Forces and Laws of Motion
Q 1. C Q 2. D Q 3. A Q 4. A Q 5. A Q 6. B
Q 7. A Q 8. B Q 9. B Q 10. C Q 11. B Q 12. A
Q 13. A Q 14. A,B Q 15. A,D Q 16. A,C Q 17. A Q 18. D
Q 19. C Q 20. B Q 21. D Q 22. A Q 23. A Q 24. B
Q 25. B Q 26. B Q 27. D Q 28. D Q 29. C
Q 30. (A)-(ii),(B)-(iii),(C)-(iii) (D)-(ii)

Circular Dynamics
Q.31 A Q.32 A Q.33 D Q.34 D Q.35 B Q.36 B, C
Q.37 B, D Q.38 A, B, C Q.39 D Q.40 C Q.41 B Q.42 B
Q.43 C Q.44 B Q.45 A→R; B→Q; C→P; D→S Q.46 A→P; B→S; C→Q; D→R
Q.47 A→R; B→P; C→S; D→Q

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Forces and Laws of Motion

PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

Forces and Laws of Motion
Q.48 37.5 N 3 2
a) 0, b) T= 2 2mg / 3
b) 9.8  10 m / s Q.58
Q.49 F(1-l/L)
Q.56 a) mg/4, c) f= mg / 3 2 (down the
Q.50 a=11.21 N, b=31.21N
2
b) atan  5 3g / 8,N  3mg / 8 plane)
Q.51 a= 1.5m / s , T=5.2 N
Q.57 a) f=36N inwards, Q.59 after A travel a
Q.52 a) 4.2 kg, b) 9.8 N distance of 8 2 m down the
b) 11.67 rad/sec, c) m2 at 0.2m
Q.53. mgsin plane
and m1 at 0.1 m from O
Q.54 a) 20N, b) 50N
Q.55 a) 9.89 rad/sec,

Circular Dynamics

Q.60 (a) Q.61 (a) Q.62 (b,c) Q.63 (b, d) Q.64 A,C Q.65 (b) 5 3 g, 3mg
8 8

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Forces and Laws of Motion

SOLUTIONS
v
v f – vi
and a = 
EXERCISE – 1 JEE MAIN t t
v 20 – 10 10
In case (i) = = = 2 m/s
FORCES AND LAWS OF MOTION t 5 5
F = ma  5 = m(2) …(1)
Sol.1 A body will preserve its velocity and Now further, we want this V in in 2 s.
direction as long as no force acts on it in its 20 – 10 10
motion. Inertia is in fact the resistance of any anew = V = = = 5 m/s2.
tnew 2 2
physical object to any change in its motion.
Fnew = m(5) …(2)
Sol.2 Dividing equation (1) by (2)
Forces are balanced m(2)
 5 =
Fnew m(5)
25
a = 0 m/s2 Fnew = N
2
Fnew  12 5 N.
Objects at rest Objects in motion Sol.6 Conceptual. Refer to the reading manual.
(v = 0 m/s) (v  0 m/s)
Sol.7 1. Linear inertia: In an isolated system, a
body at rest will remain at rest and a body
Stay at rest Stay in motion moving with constant velocity will continue to
(same speed and direction) do so, unless disturbed by an external force.
2. Gyroscopic Inertia: A body that is set
Now spinning has a tendency to keep spinning in
Forces are Unbalanced its original orientation if no external force is
applied.
3. Rotational Inertia: An object resists any
There is an acceleration change in its state of rotation. If no external
force is applied.

Acceleration depends Acceleration depend Sol.8 Conceptual, Refer to reading manual.

on the 'net force’ Inversely upon the Sol.9 Absolute unit of weight is Newton (N)
mass of object Gravitational unit is kg-weight.
Sol.3 While taking a catch, a cricket player 1 N = 9. 8 kg. wt
 
moves his hands backwards. He has to apply
dp
 
dv
retarding force to stop the moving ball in his Sol.10 F  ; F m
dt dt
hands. If he catches the ball abruptly, then he 
has to apply a large retarding force for a short F = Kma, K= 1
time. So he gets hurt. On the other hand if he 

moves his hands backwards then the player F = m a

applies force for longer time to bring the ball
at rest. In this case he has to apply less Consequences
retarding force. 1. No force is required to move a body
uniformly in a straight line.
Sol.4 p = Ft 2. Accelerated motion is always due to an
 p = 100 . 1 Ns external force.
 p = 100 Ns.
Sol.11 Impulse is defined as the product of the
Sol.5 F = ma.
average force and change in time.

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Forces and Laws of Motion

J = Favg (t2 – t1) Hence weight decreases.

t2 Sol.14 writing down the equations of motion;
J=  F dt
t1

dp
F=
dt
t2
dp
J=  dt dt T
t1 T1 T1
p2 m2 11
J=  dp
p1
11.5 m1

J = P2 – P1 = P. T

Sol.12 Every action has an equal and opposite m1g – T = m1a …(i) m1 a
reaction.
N Reaction m1 g
force And for second body
action
T
mg
Example (1) m2
T – m2g = m2a …(ii) a
Sol.13 Lift moving uniformly;
m2 g
a=0 Adding (i) and (ii);
(m1 – m2)g = (m1 + m2)a
m  m – m2 
a =  1  g
Then N – mg = 0
 m1  m2 
N  w = mg.
Here m1 = 11.5 kg, m2 = 11 kg, g = 10 m/s2
Lift acceleration upward;
Now m1 will descend down by height ‘h’ and
m2 moves up by the same height h;
a 1
H = ut + at2
2
m
1
 h = 0. t + × (0. 2) (4)2
2
m N = mg + ma = 1. 6 m.
And for velocity;
ma(pseudo force)
mg v = u + at
v = 0 + (0. 2) (4)
N  w = m(g + a). v = 0. 8 m/s.
weight Increases
Lift accelerating downwards: -
ma Sol.15 10 31.5 N
N 0.5
N + ma = mg
m Let us say the whole system moves forward
a N = mg – ma with an acceleration ‘a’.
m mg  31.5 
Then a =   m/s
N  w = m (g – a)  10  0.5 
a = 3 m/s2.

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Forces and Laws of Motion

Now let us consider the string. The total external Horizontal force applied on
a the system is F.
N 31.5 N F
Acceleration ‘a’ of the system=
m = 0.5 kg m1  m2
Now, 31.5 – N = ma m/s2
 31.5 – ma = N Given a = 5 m/s2
N = 31.5 – (0. 5) (3) F
N = 30 Newton. 5 = m/s2
50  150
F = 200 ×5 N
Sol.16 Constraint Equation:-
F  1000 N
Now for finding the tension;
Consider m2;
N

m2 a m2 T
T (pseudo force)
T1 T
3kg = m2 m2 g
m1 = 4 kg T – m2a = 0
T = m2a.
T = 150 × 5
am + am = 0. [ length of string is constant] T = 750 N.
1 2

Let us say m1 moves down with an

acceleration ‘a’, then m2 will move up by an
acceleration ‘a’. Tcos 
T1 
T 50 N
T1 sin  P

m1 m1g – T = m1a .…(i) T2

a Sol.18

m1 g
60 N
T At point Pi
T – m2g = m2a …(ii) For equilibrium;
m2 a T1 sin  = 50 … (i)
T1 cos  = T2 …(ii)
m2 g And for the mass;
(i) + (ii)  (m1 – m2) g = (m1 + m2)a T2 = 60 N …(iii)
 m – m2  50
a =  1  g (i)/(ii) = tan  =
T2
 m1  m2 
And using this value, find the value of T in 50
tan  =
equation (i) or equation (ii) 60
m1g – m1a = T  T  m1 (g – a) .  = tan–1(5/6).
= 40º.
now put m1 = 4 kg m2 = 3kg. Sol.19 F = kx.
to get the numerical. x = 20 cm = 0. 2 m
150 = k (0. 2)
T T 150 15
Sol.17 m2 m1 F k= = × 102 N/m = 7. 5 × 102 N/m.
0.2 2

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Forces and Laws of Motion

T
 
1 2
r = ut  at
Sol.20 T – mg = ma 2
m a 
Since u = 0,
Now for amax, we have Tmax
Tmax – mg = ma

1 2
r = at
Tmax = m (g + a) N 2
= m (9. 8 + 1. 2) N.

103  25 500  25 ˆ
u = î + j.
= 2000 (11) 2 2
Tmax  22  103 N Sol.23 This is just an energy conservation
problem on surface of earth;
Now Tmax = (Breaking stress) Area
1
22 × 103 = (2. 8 × 108) (R2) Ei = mv 20  Ui
2
22  103 Gm
R= Ui = –
28  107  R
R = 25  10 –6 m 1 Gm
Ei = mv 20 –
R = 5 × 10–3 m 2 R
Diameter = 2R  10 × 10–3 m  10–2 m. Now finally;
Sol.21 Before collision V=0
32m/s 4 m/s  Gm 
1000 8000 Ef = 0 +  –  …(i)
 R h
car Truck And Ef = Ei
After collision, 1 Gm Gm
y  mv 20 – –
2 R R h
1000 8000 u x v 20 G –G
8 m/s – 
2 R R h
In the whole process, linear momentum along 2
1 1 v
the x-direction is conserved.  – 0
Initial momentum = 103 × 32 + 8 × 103 × 4 R  h R 2G
^ 1
R+h=
Pi = 64 × 103 kg m/s ( i ).  1 v2 
Now in the final state  – 0
 R 2G 
^  
Momentum of car=103 × (–8)= – 8 × 103 ( i ).
1
Momentum of truck = 8 × 103 ( viˆ ) h
 1 v2 
–R
^  – 0
= 8v × 103 i  R 2G 
 
^
Pfinal = (– 8 + 8v) × 103 ( i ) G = 6. 67 × 10–Sol.11
Pinitial = pfinal R = 64 × 105 m.
 64 × 103 = (–8 + 8v) × 103 v0 = 104 m/s
64  8 Sol.24
v = m/s; v = 9 m/sec
8 m1 = m2 = m.
 
Sol.22 F = m a

  
F
a = ; m = 10g = 10 × 10–3 kg = 10–2 kg
m T T

(10iˆ  5ˆj) F
m2
a = m1
10 –2 mg
 FBD of m1;
a  103 ˆi  5  102 ˆj

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Forces and Laws of Motion

T cos   a = 64 × 105 × 2 × 10–4 m/s2

(432)2

T sin  
Gm2 a = 0. 03 m/s2
F= 2
(r ') 5
Sol.26 v = 27 km/h = 27 × m/s
18
mg
15
T sin  = F …(i) v= m/s
2
T cos  = mg …(ii) 
v2 (15)2
Gm2 ar = = = 0. 7
(i)/(ii)  Tan  = R 4  80
(r ')2 mg 
1
a t = 0. 5 m/s2 = m/s2
Gm 2
tan  = …(iii)
(r')2 g
  
anet = a r + a t
r – r'
tan  = = (0.7)2  (0.5)2
2

anet = 0. 86 m/s2

 y

Q
r – r1 A
2
r – r' Sol.27 /4
Gm
 = O P x
2 (r')2 g
Solving for r’,
At point the acceleration will be centripetal
We get the value of r’.
acceleration which is radially directed towards
CIRCULAR MOTION point O. i.e.
w Physically:

v 2 ê
a = (– r )
r
Remember ê r and ê t are the unit vectors
Sol.25 A
along radial and tangential directions
respectively.
Refer to the figure.

ê t
Earth completes 1 rotation in 1 day
ê r
i. e. , ω = 1. rotation A
day
2 O
ω = 1. rad/s
24  60  60
 So in this case also
ω= × 10–2 rad/s 
432 v 2 ê
aA = (– r )
and now acceleration at point A; r
a = rω2 Now, since the point is in between the points
r = 6400 km = 6400 × 103 m P and Q,
r = 64 × 105 m

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Forces and Laws of Motion

y 
dv ê
 at = ( t)
dt

a t = 1 m/s2( ê t )
x   
/4 Now a = ar  at

a = (0. 7 (– ê r )) + 1 ê t ) m/s2
– ê r
|a| = (0.7)2  1 = 0.49  1
angle between
= 1.49 m/s = 1. 22 m/s2
2

OA and OP will be  1   10 
4 and tan  =     =tan–1  
Now let us resolve (– ê r ) into î and ˆj .  0.7   7 
A
(– ê r ) = |– ê r |. cos (– î ) + |– ê r | sin (– ˆj )
  N
4 4 h B
But since ê r and ê t are unit vectors R cos  θ
Sol.29 R
| ê r | = | ê t | = 1 O
V
 (– ê r ) = – 1 î – 1 ˆj = 1 ( î + ˆj )
2 2 2
mg
v2  1 ˆ ˆ 

Now a A =  (i  j)  This is a very standard problem for a JEE
r  2  aspirant.
 v2 ˆ ˆ Let us say at point B, the particle loses its
aA = – (i  j)
r 2 contact. So let us write the equations of
Put v = 2 cm/s and r = 4 cm motions. At point Bi say the particle has
 velocity v.
to find a A . mv 2
mg cos = N +
B R
mv 2
N = mg cos – ……. (1)
R
Now when the particle is about to lose
Sol.28  O
a  contact, the normal reaction between the
ar particle and surface becomes zero.

at N = 0
C
mv 2
 mg cos = …….. (2)
A R
Let us say the circular turn is of the shape AB. Now energy at point A, taking O as reference;
Now at the starting point of the track i. e. C; EA = 0 + mg R
  
1
a = ar + a t EB = mv2 + mg R cos
2

v 2 ê
a r = centripetal acceleration = (– r ) Using Energy conservation
R
EA = EB
5
v = 36 km/h = 36 × m/s = 10 m/s 1
18  Mg R = mv2 + mg R cos
2
R = 140 m
2 mg R (1 – cos) = mv2

(10)2 5
ar = = m/s2 (– ê r ) mv 2
140 7 2mg (1 – cos) = …… (3)
R
dv
and given that = 1 m/s
dt

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Forces and Laws of Motion

mv 2
Putting this value of in eqn …… (2);
R
mg cos = 2mg (1 – cos)
3 cos  = 2
2 2
cos =  = cos–1  
3 3
 2
And now h = R (1 – cos)= R  1 – 
 3
R
h = m.
3

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Forces and Laws of Motion

EXERCISE – 2 JEE MAIN

FORCES AND LAWS OF MOTION F1 – f = 0 …(ii)
 N = mg and f = F1.
Sol.1 At point A; Now we don't know anything about F1.
But we know that the force F1 must be less
(1) than maximum static friction i.e. mg for the
body to be at rest.
T1 A f = F1  mg. And minimum F1 can be zero.
T1=T2 0  f   mg …(iii)
Now we know that contact force on the body
T2 (2) is

B F= N2  f 2
N
m = 10 kg
At point B;
T1
mg=T2 f
Using (i) and (iii) here,
mg T =10g T
2 1
0  (mg)2  F  (mg)2  (mg)2
Both the spring show a reading of
10 kg mg  F  mg 1  2

Sol.2 Here acceleration of the lift is 12 m/s2 Sol.4 Tension will always act along the length
which is greater than 'g'. of the string and opposing the applied force.
F
12m/s2
In option B,
at t = 0 Tension has to act opposite to the applied
force, but there is no string after the end point.
the body will undergo a free fall condition.
Hence the string collapses.
Actually the body loses the contact with the
F
floor of the lift. T
1 1
s = g t2 = × 10 (0. 2)2 m
2 2 In option C,
S = 20 cm. The tension in the string acts towards the
body, thus making the string tough. Hence this
Sol.3 Here we need to understand the concept is the correct representation.
of friction Sol.5 Initially; F is upward Buyoant force
N
a
F1

f
mg mg
We are given that the body is not moving. Mg – F = Ma
Hence balancing the forces in both the Mg – Ma = F …(i)
directions; Now when the mass 'm' is released,
N – mg = 0 …(i)

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Forces and Laws of Motion

Balloon starts rising upwards with an Sol.8 The reason for small steps is that the
acceleration 'a'. lateral forces are decreased. Imagine taking a
large step on concrete. When you put your
F
foot down well in front of you, it will be
pushing forwards on the concrete. And at the
a
end of that step, when that foot is well behind
you, it will be pushing backward on the
concrete. The larger the step, the larger there
(M–m)a forward and backward forces.
F – (M – m)g = (M – m)a …(ii) Our shoes on Ice can only provide or sustain
Solving (i) and (ii); we get small forward/backward forces, before they
 2a  slip. Hence we try to reduce the friction.
m=  M
ag
Sol.9 FBD of A;
Sol.6 Let us assume that the string makes an
T
angle of 'θ1' with the normal of the plane.
a mg –T= ma …(i)

 mg
B a

m'
The only external force acting on the sphere is
'mg' which is vertically downward. Hence the
a
string also becomes vertical so as to balance m
A
the force mg. FBD of B;
N
Sol.7 F. B. D of (1) N – m'g = 0 …(ii)
T 
T T – m'a = 0 …(iii)
T–mg=0
m m’g
 T = mg …(i)
a
mg Using (i) and (iii)
mg = ma + m'a [(i) + (iii)]
 m 
 a=  g
T   m  m' 
T T T
m m 2 m Sol.10 Now, the force required to just start the
motion would be the static friction (fs)
F
(1) (2) (3) f
 F = fs = s mg
2T cos i.e. after this point the body starts moving.
When the body is moving, kinetic friction acts
 
T T on the body (i. e μk mg)
m 2 FBD of the body;
F
2T cos – m 2g = 0 …(ii) fk F – fk = ma
2 (mg) cos  = m 2g a s mg – k mg = ma
1  (s – k) mg = ma a = (s – k) g
Cos  = = a = 0. 98 m/s2
2 4

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Forces and Laws of Motion

Sol.11 Newton's second law states that the net x    

force on an object is equal to the rate of   100  =   100  = 1 / 4  100 = 20%
L  1  5/4
change of its linear momentum.
  f

dp d(m v ) 
F = = Sol.14 N
dt dt
if m is constant, then

dv 
 m.  ma .
dt Mg sin  mg Mg cos 
Given that insect moves very lowly;
Sol.12 FBD of the body; V = 0; Acceleration of the body is also zero.
F (Net Air Resistance); f = Mg cos 
N = Mg sin 
u(speed) a Now for the maximum case;
mg f = fs = N.
mg + F = ma N = Mg cos 
F  (Mg sin ) = Mg cos 
a=g+ ; which is downwards. (i. e opposite)
m tan  = 1
to the direction of displacement (till it reaches 
maximum height)  tan  = 3
Since mA > mB; aA < aB But we want to express in terms of ;
i.e. Body 'A' has less downward acceleration  +  = 90o,   = 90o – 
when composed to Body 'B'. Hence A will go tan  = tan (90o – )
higher than B. 3 = cot 

Sol.13 Let 'x' be the maximum length that can Sol.15

T 
hang hand from the table. T
Now say fs be the static friction
L–x w
When the bird alights on the wire; the wire
makes a curve of small angle.
x 2 T sin = W
Sin  = W
W
M sin  =  
fs =   . x. g …(i)  2T 
L we know that sin   1
[ Condition for Equilibrium] W
 <1
And also we know that fs = N. 2T
M
N = (L – x)g
 W
L T  .
 2
M
fs = (L – x) g …(ii)
L
from (i) and (ii) Sol.16 Now Balancing the forces parallel and
Mx M perpendicular to the incline surface;
g =  (L – x) g
L L f = mg sin 
   N = mg cos 
x
 =  .
L 1  And Net force by surface = f 2  N2
= (mgsin )2  (mgcos )2 = mg = 30 N.

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Forces and Laws of Motion

Sol.17 While descending down; (i) when the body is at rest

The fireman tries to pull the rope down and so (ii) when the body just starts sliding and slides
there will be a tension 'T' upwards. down
For case I;
T N
F
mg a
Mg sin 
mg – T = ma mg cos 
mg
mg – ma = T 
2mg As long as body doesn't slide;
Now given Tmax =
3 F = mg sin ;
2mg N = mg cos 
amin = mg – m
3 2 2
F = f  N = mg
amin = g/3
It remains constant till a particular ''.
40 sin 30º For case II;
When the body is sliding down,
40
50 sin 30º f = N
Sol.18 50 N = mg cos 
30º 30º
50 cos 30º F = (N)2  N2 = N   1
2

  1
w=5
2
= mg cos 
30
As θ increases; cos θ decreases. Hence F
A decreases.
50 (l–n)
30N Sol.21
C
w nL
40
B
Fnet = 90 sin 30º – (30 + 5) m
(mass per unit length) =  
= 45 – 35 L
Fnet = 10 N upwards Now mass of the part which is hanging=
2F m
F (nL)   = nm.
F = 250 L
F
Sol.19 And mass of the part which is on the table =
2F F (1 – n)m
Now total downward force = (nm) g ≡ nmg.
This force has to be balanced by the frictional
 = 15º force which is N  [(1 – n) mg]
  (1 – n) mg = n mg
 n 
3F – mg sin  = ma =  
 3F  1–n
a=  – gsin  
m 
250  3
a= – 10(0.26) = 7.5 – 2.6 m/s2 =4.9m/s2
100

Sol.20 Here in the problem, two cases arises;

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Forces and Laws of Motion

Passage-3 (26-29)
Sol.22 Buoyant force = gVimm
A = gv
T
F = (0.9) (103).(10) (0. 2 × 1 × 1 × × 10–2)
B
FB = 18 N.
Now T + FB = W +Fv.
FBD of B;
T FB
T
A
m2 a

mg w Fv
T = W + F v – FB
mg – T = ma …(i)
Fv = 60 N.
FBD of A;
T = 48 + 60 – 18
T = 90 N.
a Now for this the acceleration of the block
A
should be zero.
T
mg sin θ
T

f
mg sin  + T = ma …(ii)
(i) + (ii)
mg + mg sin  = 2 ma mg sin 
mg
mg + = 2ma mg sin  = f + T
2
120 – 90 = f
3g f = 30 N
 a
4 (mg cos ) = 30
Now using equation (i) 1
 ( 8 3 .10. ) = 30
mg – T = ma. 2
3mg = 3
.
T = mg – ma = mg –
4 4

mg CIRCULAR DYNAMICS
T
4
Sol.30 Force acting on the particle at any
Sol.23 Here; weight of the book is because of instant is mRω2 towards the center.
the Gravitational Attraction Between earth and 
ds
book. There will also be a gravitational force
between book and table, which is very small,
hence always neglected. P
That Gravitational force between table and F
book form an Action-Reaction pair. 
i.e. F = mR2 êr [ Radial direction]
Sol.24 Both Assertion and Reason are And the displacement of the particle will be
statements of Newton's laws. 'ds' along tangential direction.
 
Sol.25 Momentum = m u . i.e. d s = ds ê t
We have to specify reference frame, because  
velocities will vary in different frames. So, Now work = F . d s
momentum which implicitly depends on 
W = mr2 ds eˆ r .eˆ t 
velocity might also very.

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Forces and Laws of Motion

W = Zero (As eˆ r ,eˆ t are perpendicular to each N

P
other)
Hence the work done by the Centripetal force 
A
is zero. mg
Sol.31 Centripetal force = mR2 Sol.36

C
O
R mv 2
D B N = mg cos –
R
As one goes from A to P; θ decreases, so cos 
A
increase.
Now at any point in the circle this value
 N increases
remains the same. Its only that the direction
k
keeps changing. Sol.37 Centripetal force = – 2
r
Sol.32 In uniform circular motion,  is constant
mv 2
k
Now in the options, A, B, C the quantities are  =– 2
constant in magnitude but keep changing in r r
direction. k
mv2 = –
And since they are vector Quantities, we can't r
say they are constant. For speed, its only 1 k
mv2 = –
magnitude that matters. Since it’s a Scalar 2 2r
Quantity. k
 kinetic energy K = –
And Speed = Rω  Constant 2r
Hence option D. And since the motion is horizontal motion; let
Sol.33 m1 = m2 = m ; us assume the potential energy same as that
v1 = v2 = v of ground i.e. zero
 total energy = K + U
m1 v12 mv 2
Now F1 = = k
r1 r1 =– +0
2r
m2 v 22 mv 2 k
F2 = = E=–
r2 r2 2r
F1 r  N cos
=  2  N
F2  r1 
mv 2 mv 2
Sol.34 Centripetal force = Sol.38 N Sin=
R R
 1000 
v = 36 km/hr = 36  m / s 
 3600  mg
5
= 36 m/s mv 2
18 N sin  =
v = 10 m/s R
N cos  = mg
(500)(10)2
F= v2
50 tan  =
Rg
F = 1000 N
Sol.35 Use F = mrω2  v2   10  10  –1  1 
= tan–1   = tan–1   =tan  
Rg
   50  10  5

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Forces and Laws of Motion

v2 m 2
TA – TB = ( v – v B2 ) (1)
R A
B Now using conservation of energy theorem;
Sol.39 1
T At point A; EA = mv 2A + UA
2
v1 1
A At point B; EB = mv B2 + UB
2
mg EA = EB
In a vertical motion, the speed of ball doesn’t 1
m( v 2A – v B2 )= UB – UA
remain constant and as we discussed earlier, 2
centripetal force can’t be constant in direction But we can observe that both points A and B
itself, so its ruled out. are at same heights from the center.
And for tension, consider two points A, B UA = – UB
  mv 2A  ˆ m 2 2
T A =  mg   (– j )  TA – TB = . (UB – UA) = (UB – UA)
 R  R m R
 is constant
 mvB2
and TB = ( î ) mv 2
R
R
Hence tension is also not constant. Now
gravitational force on the ball is (mg) at any N
point on the circle. mg
Sol.41
Sol.40 At point A :-
mv 2A
mv 2
R mg + N =
R
mg cos
TA R
v= (mg  N)
A y m
  Now for minimum case; let us say he just loses
mg contact
x
i.e. N = 0
B v= 9R . This is the minimum speed.
 Multiple correct
mg
mv 2A C
TA + mg cos  = F
R N
mv 2A
TA = – mg cos D F F
R Sol.42 B
and for point B,
F
TB A
Consider the figure, with force F on the particle
Mg cos at different instants of time.
mvB2
So it is evident that there should be some
R
other forces such that particle will have uniform
mvB2 circular motion
TB = mg cos  +
R   
mv 2
mvB2  F + F 2 =m a
Now TA – TB = A
– Since it’s a uniform circular motion
R R

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Forces and Laws of Motion

 N cos
at = 0 N
  v2
 a = ar =
R Sol.46. N sin
   mv 2 
 F + F2 =  
 R 
 
 
Now resultant of both the forces F and F 2 is mg
2
mv mv 2
which in turn keeps changing both in N sin =
r R
direction as well as magnitude. Horizontal component of normal force

mv 2  provides the centripetal force. Hence false.
 F2 = êr – F
R Reason:-
 A curved path need not always be circular
Angle between êr and F keeps varying. path. In case of elliptical paths, the force is not
necessarily centripetal.
Assertion and Reason
N
Sol.43 Concept of centrifugal force comes into Sol.47.
picture only in a non-inertial frame. So, both of
them cannot co-exist in a same frame.
Although it is true that they are equal and 
opposite they can't cancel each other because
N cos = mg
of this.
N cos mv 2
N sin =
N R
So bending inwards is always essential. He
Sol.44 N sin does it so as to get horizontal component of
normal force as centripetal force. Although
bending lowers his center of gravity, it’s not

the reason.

mv 2 N
N sin  =
R
N cos  = mg Sol.48.
It is not the friction between the tyres that
provide him centripetal force, but it is

component of Normal force.
Sol.45 From the above solution;
N cos = mg
mv 2
We can write N sin = mv 2
R N sin =
R
N cos  = mg
v2
m(2v)2 mv 2 tan  =
Now when v is doubled, =4. Rg
R R
 Tendency is quadrupled when velocity is doubled;
And also (2v)2 V2
tan f = = 4.
 v2  Rg Rg
tan  =   as v  θ  Hence skidding tendency is quadrupled.
 rg 
 
Sol.49. Assertion is explained in Q. 46 and
Reason is true (It is conceptual)

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Forces and Laws of Motion

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

FORCES AND LAWS OF MOTION Therefore,
Ft = ma = mL = N
F 5  10 4 5  Limiting value of friction
Sol.50. a = = = × 10–3 m/s2
m 3  10 7
3 (fr)max = N = mL …… (i)
5 Angular velocity at time t is  = t
v = 2as = 2   10 –3  3 = 0. 01 m/s  Centripetal force at time t will be
3
Sol.51. Since, mg cos  > mg sin Fc = mL2 = mL2t2 …… (ii)
 force of friction is f = mg sin Equating equation (i) and (ii), we get

t=

 
For t > , Fc > (fr)max i.e. , the bead starts
Sol.52. T 
sliding.
 In the figure Ft is perpendicular to the paper
inwards.

mg Sol.55. Since, the block rises to the same

mv 2
heights in all the four cases, from conservation
FBD of bob is T sin =
R of energy, speed of the block at highest point
and T cos  = mg will be same in all four cases. Say it is v0.
(10)2
 tan  = v =
2

Rg (10)(10) V0
tan  = 1 or  = 45°

Sol.53. N = 5N
N + mg
(f)max = N= (0. 5)(5) = 2. 5 N
Equation of motion will be
mv 20 mv 20
5N N + mg = or N= – mg
R R
N R (The radius of curvature) in first case is
minimum. Therefore, normal reaction N will be
w = 0.98 N maximum in first case.
For vertical equilibrium of the block Note in the question it should be mentioned that
F = mg = 0.98 N < (f)max all the four tracks are frictionless. Otherwise, v0
will be different in different tracks.
Sol.54. Tangential force (Ft) of the bead will be
given by the normal reaction (N), while Sol.56. Equilibrium of insect give
centripetal force (Fc) is provided by friction (fr). N = mg cos 
The bead starts sliding when the centripetal N = mg sin 
force is just equal to the limiting friction.
 
N N

L Ft
A x 
Fc mg sin
mg cos
mg
From Equation (i) and (ii). We get
Ft is inwards
cot  = 1/ = 3

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Forces and Laws of Motion

T=Mg N

Sol.57.
f
F cos 60°
T= Mg
mg
mg+ F sin 60°
Free body diagram of pulley is shown in figure.
Vertical
Pulley is in equilibrium under four forces.
Three forces as shown in figure and the fourth,
which is equal and opposite to the resultant of
these three forces, is the force applied by the Horizontal
clamp on the pulley (say F).
Resultant R of these three forces is
For vertical equilibrium of the block
R = ( (M  m)2  M2 )g N = mg + F sin 60°
Therefore, the force F is equal and opposite to F
= 3g+ 3 ……. (i)
R as shown in figure. 2
 F = ( (M  m)2  M2 )g For no motion, force of friction
f  F cos 60°
F
or N  F cos 60°
Mg or 1
( 3g 
3F
)
F
2 3 2 2
F
or g  or F  2g or 20 N
R 2
Therefore, maximum value of F is 20 N.
Mg+mg

Sol.60 This is the equilibrium of coplanar

Sol.58. Free body diagram of m is
forces. Hence,
T
 Fx = 0
 F=N
T = mg …. (i)  Fy = 0, f = mg
c = 0  N + f = 0

mg  Since, f  0
Free body diagram of mass 2 m is   N  0
T T
   Correct answer is (d).

2m Sol.61 Initially under equilibrium of mass m

T = mg
Now, the string is cut. Therefore, T = mg force
2 mg is decreased on mass m upwards and
2T cos  = 2 mg …. (ii) downwards on mass 2m.
mg
Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i) we get  am = = g (downwards) and
1 m
cos  = or  = 45° mg g
2 a2m = = (upwards)
2m 2
Sol.59 Free body diagram (FBD) of the block
(shown by a dot) is shown in figure.

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Forces and Laws of Motion

y tan  = 1 or  = 45°

Sol.62 N

 

x
Sol.66
mg 90°– 
T
N sin  = mg
N cos  = ma 
g
tan  =
a C
a
cot  = = tan(90° – ) mg
g r
dy R =  sinθ
= = 2kx
dx T cos component will cancel mg.
a
x= T sin component will provide necessary
2kg centripetal force to the ball towards centre C.
 T sin = mr2 = m ( sin) 2
Sol.63 When
or T = m2
P = mg (sin  –  cos )
F =  mg cos  (upwards) T
 =
when P = mg sin  m
f=0
Tmax 324
and when P = mg(sin  +  cos ) or max = = = 36rad/s
m 0.5  0.5
f = mg cos  (downwards)
Hence friction is first positive, then zero and  Correct option is (d).
then negative.
 Correct option is (a).

Sol.64 A rotating/revolving frame is acceleration

and hence non-inertial. Therefore, correct
options are (b) and (d).

CIRCULAR DYNAMICS


Sol.65 T



mg
mv 2
FBD of bob is T sin =
R
and T cos  = mg
v2 (10)2
 tan  = =
Rg (10)(10)

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Forces and Laws of Motion

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

T m2 Here rope tries to pull
FORCES AND LAWS OF MOTION T
the man down.
Sol.2
Sol.1 The reading shown by the weighting T
scale is the normal reaction between the man m
and the weighing scale.
Now, in case (a) N
In this case, T
N m1 T + m2g = N
T = m1g
u = 10 m/s
man T m2g
a=0 m1g

mg
 N = (m1 + m2)g …(i)
N – mg = 0  N = mg.
In case II;
Case (b)
Now rope pulls the man up;
In the frame of the lift;
ma
N
(pseudo
force) man a = 5 m/s2 T
T m2 N
m1 m1 g = T T
mg
 N + ma = mg m1 g
T
N  m(g – a) m1 m2 g
N = 70 (10 – 5) T + N = m2g
N = 70 × 5 N N = m2g – T
N = 350 Newton N = m2g – m1g
Case (c):
N  (m2 – m1 )g
N
Hence normal force is less in second case.
m a
Sol.3 In climbing the rope, monkey tries to pull
mg ma down the rope, and the rope pulls the monkey
N = mg + ma upwards.
N = m(a + g)
N = 70 (10 + 5)
N = 70 (15)
N = 1050 Newton m =40 kg
Now In this case a = g downward,
from case (b); T
N = m (g – a) On monkey;
N = m(g – g)
N=0 mg
i. e the man is in free fall. T
Now in case (a) a =6

mg

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Forces and Laws of Motion

T – mg = ma A’ = 2 – 1.5
T = m (g + a) A’ = 0.5 m/s2
T = 40 (10 + 6) Now this fairly a relative motion problem;
T = 640 N Box has to cover a distance of 5 m to fall off
But Tmax = 600 N, hence the string breaks. from the truck;
Case b: 1
s = 0t  at2
T 2
a =4 m/s2 1
5 = (0.5)t2
2
mg
T = 20 s.
mg – T = ma Now in the meantime, distance traveled by the
T = m(g – a) …(i) 1
T = 40 (10 – 4) truck in s = (2)(20)
2
T = 40 × 6
s  20m
T  240N
Distance from the starting point where the
T < Tmax.
box lands is 15m.
Case c :
u = 5 m/s uniformly F
i.e. a = 0
Helicopter
 T = mg
M 15 m/s2
= 40 (10)
Sol.5 m Crew
T = 400 N
T  Tmax.
Case d: (M + m)g
In this case; F is the force on helicopter due to the
Put a = g in case (b) surrounding air
We get t = m (g – a) F – (M + m)g = (M + m)a
T = m (g – g) F = (M + m)g + (M + m)a
T=0 F = (M + m) (g + a)
F = (1300) (25) N
Sol.4 Now with respect to the truck; forces on F = 32500 N upwards
the mass ‘m’ are Now using newton’s third law, force by
μ = 0.15 helicopter on surrounding air is F downward,
ma (pseudo force) i.e. 32500 downwards.
a Now if we consider the crew,
5m N

m
N

m ma mg ma
f N = m (a + g)
mg N = 300 (25)
N = 7500 N upwards.
ma – f = ma’
force on the floor by the crew is 7500 N
N = mg
downwards.
And f = N = mg
ma – mg = ma’
a'  a – g
a’ = 2 – (0.15) (10)

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Forces and Laws of Motion

Sol.6 = 0.18 T1

a C T1 – mg = ma …(i)
a = 0.5 m/s 0<t 20

a=0 t > 20 mg
For an observer on ground, this is how he T1
depicts the FBD of mass,
m a B
T2 + mg – T1 = ma …(ii)
f
T2
f = ma
Now let us check for any sliding. mg
f  fs …(i) [Condition for no sliding]
T2
fs = mg = (0. 18) (15 × 10) = 27 N.
and f = ma  15(0. 5) = 7. 5 N. a A mg – T2 = ma …(iii)
hence no sliding.
The observer will find the body to move with mg
acceleration of 0. 5 m/s.
now, (i) + (ii)
Now since there is no sliding, there is no
gives T2 = 2ma
relative motion w. r. t. the trolley.
now using this is equation (iii)
Hence observer on trolley will find the mass to
be at rest. g 2g
a and T2 
k1 k2 3 3
Sol.7
m

Sol.9 O
k1 k2
m 
T2 cos 
x T2
k1x T2 sin  T1
k2x m
m A
B
k1x + k2x = ma
T2
(k  k 2 )x
a= 1
m T2sin A T1 T2 cos  = mg …(i)

mg
Sol.8 T2 sin  = T1 …. (ii)
T2  mg sec 
T1
T1 (ii) / (i)  tan  =
mg
a C T1
 T1  mg tan 
B Now just after the string AB is burnt,
a
T2 T2 = mg cos 
T2
A

mg

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Forces and Laws of Motion

Let us say mass ‘m’ is removed to achieve case

 b; finally;
Fair = kv FB
T2
v (M – m )g + FA = FB …(ii)
n

mg cos  (M–m)g
mg
From equation (i) and (ii), eliminating FA;
Sol.10 T d T
We get m = 2(Mg – B)
h g
T Sol.13 a
 T N1 N
f1 2
1 1
mg1 sin α
m1g cos α
d m1g sin  + N – f1 = m1a …(i)
 h N1 = mg cos  …(ii)
f1 = 1N1 = k1N1 …(iii)
2T cos  = mg N2
mg N2 = mg cos  …(iv)
T sec  f1
2 N 2
d
2
m2g sin 
h2    m2g sin 
2
sec  = m2g sin  – N – f2 = m2a …(v)
h
f2 = k2N2 …(vi)
mg h2  (d / 2)2
T = . Now (i)/(v)
2 h
f1 f2
we can show that, g sin + N – = g sin  – N , –
h decreases, T increases. m1 m1 m2 m2
Sol.11 FBD of A; Solving; f1 = k1m1 g cos 
N f2 = k2 m2g cos 
ma
gcos (k1 – k 2 )m1m2
A 2 m/s2  N=
A (m1  m2 )
B Adding (i) + (v)
mg (m1 + m2) g sin  – (f1 + f2) = (m1 + m2) 
mg = N + ma But for just sliding case, a = 0
N = m (g – a)  (m1 + m2) g sin  = f1 + f2
N = 0.5 (10 – 2) f1 = k1N1; f 2 = k 2 N2
1 (m1 + m2 g sin  = k1m1 g cos  + k2 m2 g
N = (8)
2 cos 
N = 4 newton. k1m1  k2m2
Sol.12 Initially, tan  =
m1  m2
FB + FA = mg …(i)
FB Sol.14 mg sin – f = ma
f =  mg cos  [  N]
v
m
FAir resistance = kv
mg

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Forces and Laws of Motion

f acos  t02
. = vm …(i)
2 2
mg sin  2 2
v = acos  . m g
2m2 2
a sin 
2
 v = mg cos 
2asin2 

we see that in equation (i)
mg sin a –  mg cos  = ma
acos  2
a = g sin  – g cos  v= t
2m
a  g(sin –  cos ) dx acos  2
v= = t
Now time taken by the block to reach point O; dt 2m
1 acos  2
s= ot + at2 dx = t dt
2 2m
s =  cos  Integrating on both sides;
x t0
1 acos  2
 cos  = g (sin  –  cos ) t2
2

0
dx  
0
2m
t dt

2 cos  3
t0
t= acos  t
g(sin  –  cos ) x=
2m 3
0
for minimum t;
dt  acos    mg 3
= 0. x=    
d  6m   asin  
1 –1  –1 
We get  = tan  
2  Sol.16 first let us calculate the limiting friction
on blocks ‘A’ and ‘B’.
Sol.15 f cos  = ma …(i)
f sin  + N = mg …(ii)
 B A 
F sin 
fsA =  mg
F
 fsB =  mg
F cos 
3
Now when a force of  mg acts on the
4
mg block A; it doesn’t cause any motion in A.
Now at the moment, contact is lost; 3
Hence; F = fA =  mg
N=0 4
 F sin  = mg And string is left unaltered. Hence tension is
at0sin  = mg zero. And hence fB = T = zero
3
 mg  (b) Now when force of  mg is applied,
t0 =   2
 asin   Body A will tend to move forward. (F  fs)
dv Let us assume that the whole system moves
now F cos  = ma  m
dt with on acceleration ‘a’.
dv a
at cos  = m
dt
Integrating on both sides
t0 T T
v
B A F
0
(acos )tdt = m dv
 fB fA
0
On body A;

S 4.23
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Forces and Laws of Motion

a Let mass of A be mA = m
mc = m
N mB = 4m
T F friction force = μmAg
fA f =
mA g g
acceleration of B aB = =
mg mb mB 4
F – T – fA = ma …(i) mcg – mAg
mg = N …(ii) Acceleration of A aA =
mc  mA
fA =  mg …(iii)
mg(1 – ) (1 – )
On body B; = = g
2m 2
N
Relative acceleration a = aA – aB
T g(1 – ) g g
= – = (2 – 3)
fB 2 4 4
1 2
mg at = 
2
T – fB = ma …(iv)
1 g 13
fB =  mg …(v)  (2 – 3 ) t2 =
2 4 16
Adding (i) and (iv);
13
F – (fA + fB) = 2ma t2 =
2(2 – 3)g
3
 mg – (2  mg) = 2 ma 1 2
2 Distance travelled by B = at
2 B
a is negative
It means that our assumption that both the = 1  g . 13
= 13
2 4 2(2 – 3)g 16(2 – 3)
bodies move is false.

T F
Sol.18 mass m2 = m1
fA
Friction force on m1 f = km1 g cos 
F – T – fA = 0
Gravitational force on m1, f1 = m1 g sin α
T = F – fA
m2g – f – f1
3 acceleration a =
T =  mg –  mg m1  m2
2
T= 
mg m1g – km1gcos  – m1gsin 
2 =
m1  m1
Now we can see that
g( – k cos  – sin  )
a=
T (n  1)
fB Sol.19 By constrains of string,
 mg Acceleration of A equals to B
T = fB =  fs  mg
2 aA = ac = a
Block B cannot move. Since they both are (mA + mC) a = (mA + mC) g sin 
connected to each other, even A can’t move. –  (mC) g cos
2 ma = 2 mg sin  –  mg cos 
1
Sol.17 Length of block A = a = (2g sin  – tan  g cos )
4 2
distance travelled by A relative to B 3
= g sin 
1  4
3
= +   3
4 44 aA = aC = g sin 
4
13 Now for B, tensions of string cancel each other
0 =
16 and no friction exists.

S 4.24
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Forces and Laws of Motion

Hence the only acceleration is due to gravity For minimum tension acceleration is zero
aB = g sin  mg sin  = T cos  –  N
mg sin  = T cos  –  mg cos  + T sin β
Sol.20 m will have acceleration vertically
downword. Let call it am. T = mg(sin    cos )
cos    sin
M will have acceleration along inclined plane
dT
lets call is aM = mg(sin    cos ) d (cos    sin)
d –(cos    sin )2 d
 m, M have no relative acceleration vertically
For minimum T, dT = 0
downward, d
aM sin  = am …. (i)
Let normal force on block be N,  d (cos β +  sin β) = 0
d
mg – N = m am
– sin β +  cos β = 0
N = m (g – am)
 = tan β
N 1
β = tan–1   cos β =
M 2  1

sin β =
M g sin  2  1
From free body diagram of wedge mg(sin    cos  ) mg(sin    cos )
T= =
Mg sin + N sin  = M am 1  2
2  1

 mg sin  + m(g – am) sin  = Mam 2  1 2  1
mg sin  + (m (g – aM sin  ) sin =M am
(m  M)gsin  Sol.24 frictional force f = km2g
 am =
M  msin2  a1 = F – f (F > f)
(m  M)gsin 2 m1
am = (am = aM sin )
M  msin2  at  km2g
a1 =
Sol.22 Let mass of A = m m1
Mass of B = m at – km2g
Let normal reaction between surfaces be N a1 = (t > t0)
m1
aB = Nsin  = Nsin 
mB m km2g
a2 = = kg (t > t0)
mg – Ncos  m2
aA =
m for t < to , f acts as internal force as there is no
aA = aB tan  sliding
N at
g– cos  = Nsin  tan  a1 = a2 = (t < t0)
m m m1  m2

N sin  tan   a1 a2
g=  cos   
m  
N g t t
= t0 t0
m  cos   sin  tan 
Till time to , the bodies move together.
g
aB = N sin  = at t = t0, f = k m2g
m  cot   tan 
m2
aA = aB tan  = g
m1
 cot 2   1

Sol.23 Let tension in string be T m2 f = k m2g

Net force perpendicular to plane
N = mg cos  – T sin B f F = at
m1

S 4.25
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Forces and Laws of Motion

km2g = m2a2 F = 35 (aB + 3aA)

kg = a2 = a1 Constrain equation
ato – km2g = m1a1 xB
ato = km2g + m1a1 xB
xA
k(m1  m2 )g
to =
a

xc
Sol.25 Let mass of motor = m
2(xB – xA) + (xB – xC) = Constant
mass of bar = 2m
3aB – 2aA = 0
2m w = T – 2mg k
3
T = 2 m (w + kg) aA = aB
2
Let acceleration or motor be am
m am = T – mg K  11 
F = 35   aB
1
am = [2mw  2m kg – mkg]  2
m 300  2
aB = = 1.558 ms-2
am = 2w + kg 385
Relative accelerator a = am + w 3
= 3w + k g aA = aB = 2. 338 ms2
2
1 2 T = 81. 8 N
at = 
2
2 2 Sol.28 m1g – 2T1 = m1a1
t= =
a 3w  kg a1 = g – T
m1
m2g – 2T + T = m2a2
Sol.26
 a2 = g – T
m2
F
m3g – 2T = m3a3
a3 = g – 2T
m3
 
T Constraint equation
m
2T cos  = F x1
x2
F
T = x3
2cos 
Tsin 
Horizontal acceleration ax =
m
F sin  Ftan  F x
= = = .
2cos  m 2m 2m x2 + (x2 – x1) + 2x1 + x3 + (x3 – x2) = constant
( )2 – (x)2
x1 + x2 + 2x3 = constant
Fx a1 + a2 + 2a3 = 0
ax = 1
2m( 2
– 2 2
x ) g– T +g– T + 2g – 4T = 0
m1 m2 m3
Acceleration of approach = 2ax
 1 1 4 
fx 4g – T  
 m m m 
 =0
= 1  1 2 3 
2
m( – x2 ) 2 4g 4.m1m2m3g
T= =
 1 1 4  m2m3  m1m3  4m1m2
Sol.27 Let tension in thread = T    
F – 3T = 35 aB  m1 m2 m3 
2T = 70 aA

S 4.26
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Forces and Laws of Motion

Sol.29 F = 30t N
 T = 10 t N
wt. of A = 10 m1 
= 10 N mv 2

(a) Block A loses contact when T = weight R
 10t = 10 Sol.31
 t=1s
Similarly 2T = 10m2 when B loses contact 
 20t = 10(4)
t = 2s mg
(b) Net force on A FA = 10 t – 10 (t > 1)
aA = 1 (10t – 10) mv 2
m1 N sin  =  (1)
R
aA = (10t – 10) N cos  = mg  (2)
dv A
= 10t – 10 Dividing (1) and (2)
dt
 tan = v
2

2
Rg
vA =
 (10t – 10).dt 5
1  v = 108 km/h = 108 × m/s
2 18
= 5t2 – 10t v = 30 m/s
1

v = 5 ms –1 R = 90 m
t 30.30
2
t
 tan = =1
(c) vA =
 (10t – 10)dt = 5t – 10t
1
90.10
1 
2
vA = 5t – 10t + 5  =
4
dh squaring (1) and (2) and adding them;
= 5t2 – 10t + 5
dt 2
 mv 2 
2 N2 (sin2 + cos2) =   + (mg)
2
H=  dh =  (5t 2
– 10t  5)dt  R 
1 2
2  mv 2 
5 5 N = (mg)  
2

= t3 – 5t2  5t = m.
3 3  R 
1

N = m (10)  (10)
2 2

CIRCULAR DYNAMICS N = 10 2 m Newton

 N = 104. 2 N.
Sol.30 Acceleration inside a rotor = Rω2
 Sol.32
a = Rω2 

Now for amax
amax = R wmax
2

Given amax = 10g = 100 m/s2

T cos  = mg
100 10 mv 2
ωmax = = rad/s = 5 rad/s T sin =
4 2 R
1 Now the component T cos has to balance the
we know that 1 rad = rev
2 weight of the body
5  Tmax cos = mg
 ωm = Rev/s  8 cos = 0. 4 × 10
2
1
cos =
2

S 4.27
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Forces and Laws of Motion

  = 60° mv 2
 = mg
 angle with the horizontal is (90°– )= 30° R
mv 2 v = Rg
and T sin=
R
3 = 0.4  v2
8.
2 4 Sol.35
v= 40( 3) m/s
v = 8. 3 m/s
T mv 2
Sol.33 Speed of the particle just before the
string breaks is v. Now after the string is R
broken; the path of the stone will be; mv 2
T=
v R
Now for vmax;
we have Tmax = 500 N
2 1v 2
 500 =
1
v = 500 = 10 5 m/s
v = 22.36 m/s
10
writing the equations of motion; mv 2
cos
1 2 R
along y : 2 = gt  (1) N
2
along x : 10=vt  (2) Sol.36 mv 2

Solving for v; we get R
v = 15.8 m/s 
v2
mgcos
and centripetal acceleration = mg sin
R mv 2
mg sin
(15.8)2
R
a= = 168.3 m/s2
1.5 mv 2
B N= sin  + mg cos 
v R
mv 2
f= cos – mg sin
R
Sol.34 Contact force is N + f
And the angle with which the force and the
surface of the contact lie is
f
A u tan–1  
N
Writing down the equation of motions at point
A and B; But here given that the force is normal to the
At B:- surface
 friction force = 0
mv 2
TB = – mg mv 2
R  cos – mg sin  = 0
R
At A :-
 tan = v
2
mu2
TA = + mg Rg
R
Now for completing the circle;  v2 
 = tan–1  
Tension at the highest point has to be non-  Rg 
zero; or else the particle will fall down. 5 250
So for the minimum case, T  0 v = 100 km/h = 100. = m/s
18 9
 TB = 0 Find  now !

S 4.28
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Forces and Laws of Motion

B Now for maximum speed where contact is

broken;
N=0
mu2
 mg =
Sol.37  O R
a 
ar u = Rg

at
C

A Sol.39

Let us say the circular turn is of the shape AB. T
Now at the starting point of the track i.e. C;
   mv 2
a = ar + a t
R

v 2 ê
a r = centripetal acceleration = (– r )
mg
R
5 mv 2

v = 36 km/h = 36 × m/s = 10 m/s T sin  =  (1)

18 R
R = 140 m T cos  = mg  (2)
(1)
= tan = v
2

(10) 5 2
ar = = m/s2 (– ê r ) (2) Rg
140 7
dv 5
and given that = 1 m/s2 v = 36 km/h = 36 = 10 m/s
dt 18

dv ê 10  10
 at = ( t) tan  = ; tan  = 1
dt 10  10


 =
a t = 1 m/s2( ê t ) 4
  
Now a = ar  at 

a = (0. 7 (– ê r )) + 1 ê t ) m/s2 Sol.40 T
v
|a| = (0.7)  1 =
2
0.49  1
P
 mv 2
= 1.49 m/s = 1. 22 m/s2 2
gL
O R
 1  mg
and tan  =  
 0.7  Let us call the point where tension is equal to
the weight of the particle as ‘P’.
 10 
  =tan–1   Now at point P,
 7  mv 2
T= + mg cos   (1)
Sol.38 Let u be the speed at the highest point R
of the bridge Given that T = mg
A mv 2
u mg = + mg cos 
P R
R  mv 2
mg(1 – cos ) =  (2)
mg R
O Now Total energy at point O
1
0= m ( gL )2 + 0
2
mu2 mgL
+ N = mg E0 =
R 2
mu2 1
N = mg – Total energy at point P = m(v2)
R 2

S 4.29
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Forces and Laws of Motion

+ mgL (1 – cos ) Solve exactly as above

E0 = EP N
mgL mv 2
 = + mgL (1 – cos ) mrω2
2 2
mgL mv 2
– + mg L cos = f
2 2
mg
mv 2
= 2 mg cos – mg  (3)
2
mv 2
Now using this value of in eqn (2) Sol.42 
L
2 mg cos  – mg = mg(1 – cos)
3 mg cos = 2 mg
2 2 Fcos
cos =  = cos–1  
3 3

Considering eqn – 3; F=mRω2
mv 2 2
= 2mg   – mg
L 3 F sin
mv 2 mg Now mRω2 cos = ma
=
L 3  a = Rω2cos
g 1 2
v= Now s = ut + at
3 2
1
L=0+ Rω2 cost2
 R 2
N
r 2L
Sol.41 2
t=
mrω R cos 
2

r=R sin Sol.43

mg
m1
FBD of body :- w
F1
(a) For minimum ω;
F2
Body tends to slip down
m2
 friction acts upwards

N FBD of m1;
f a
2 T
mrω M1 F1 F1 – T = m1a  (1)

FBD of m2 :
mg a
N = mg cos + mr ω2 sin M2 F2 T – F2 = m2a  (2)
F = mg sin – mr ω2 cos T
We know that f = N Adding equation (1) and (2)
 mgsin– mrω2cos=[mg cos + mrω2sin] F1 – F2 = (m1 + m2)a
Separating all ω2 terms to one side; F1 = mRω2 F2 = 2 mRω2
2
(r sin+r cos)ω2=g sin  – g cos  – mRω = 3m a
R2
g(sin  –  cos ) a=–
ω= 3
R sin ( sin   cos )
Using equation (1)
Now for maximum limit case;

S 4.30
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Forces and Laws of Motion

 R2  mv 2
mRω2 – T = m  –  A N R
 3 
Rsin
mR2 ma
T = mRω + 2 B
R cos 
3 Sol.45 R
4 mg
T= mRω2
3

Sol.44 Given Normal acceleration an = Kt2 a

2
But we know that man = mv In this case, there will be a pseudo force acting
R on the body. Now we use Work-Energy
2
theorem, i.e. work done by all the forces is equal
 v = Kt2
R to change in kinetic energy. We know that, work
v = KR t  (1) done by normal force and centripetal force is
dv zero
= KR
dt Work done by pseudo force = ma. (R sin )
dv WPF = maR sin
Tangential force = m. =( KR )m = m KR
dt Work done by gravitational force = mg(R –
 Rcos )
Total force = m| a | Wmg = mgR(1– cos)
  
a = an + at Net work done = maR sin + mgR (1–cos )
1

|a |= an2  a2t = (Kt 2 )2  ( KR )2  mv2 = Rm(a sin + g(1 – cos))
2

Total force = m. | a | = m

K(R  Kt 4 ) v= 2R(asin   g(1 – cos ))
Now we know that work done by normal force
in a circular motion is zero
B
 ωN = 0 Sol.46.
Now only work is done by tangential force 
O A
(m. KR )ds  (1)
We know that
d d ds
Power =  .
dt ds dt Let us consider the part OAB;
d T cos/2
P = v.
ds T
= KR × t × m KR T sin/2
P = mKRt
t
/2
 mKRt dt mR2ω2
Avg power = 0 /2
t

 dt
0 T sin/2
1
Pavg = mKRt T
2 T cos/2
m is the mass of the part OAB.

 2T sin = mR2ω2
2
now for small values of ; sin = ;

2T.   = mRω2
2

S 4.31
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Forces and Laws of Motion

T = mRw2  (1) 
v2
ar =
Now m = ()(Length) = (). R R
 T = (R)Rω2 
dv
T = R2ω2 at = =a
dt

v 2 ê
 
Sol.47. anet = aradial + a tangential

anet = (– r ) + a ( ê t )
R

v2 
. (– ê r ); a t = a( ê t )
2
ar =   v2 
R | anet | = a  
2

2 R
  v2 
| anet | = a2    m/s2 

R f = m| anet |
under static conditions
B
2
 v2 
Sol.48. A mg = m a  
2

R 
 w v = [(2g2 – a2)R2]1/4
O
Sol.50. FBD of M;
N
Consider the part OAB;
Let the mass of this strip be ‘dm’
T
MLω2
f

/2 dmv 2
Mg
/2 R
f = MLω2; N = Mg
and for static conditions;
f = N = Mg
T Mg = MLω2
 dm.v 2 g
2T sin   = ω=
2 R L
For very small values of ; sin θ 
 dm.v 2 dm.v 2
 2T   = ; T.  =
2 R R

m  m  m v 2
Now dm = .R.=    T = .
2R  2  2 R
mv 2
T=
2R
at


Sol.49. a

ar

  
anet = a r + a t

S 4.32
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Forces and Laws of Motion

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Ng
1

FORCES AND LAWS OF MOTION F m1 N1

F – N1 = m1a; …(ii)
Ng – m1g= 0; …(iii)
1

Sol.1 m1g
A x a
For m2:
B (L–x)
f
m N1 N2 N1 – N2 = m2a; …(iv)
λ (linear density) of chain =  
L m2g – f = 0; …(v)
Now at point A; m2 g

T a
For m3;
m
  (L – x)g Ng
L
3

The mass of the part AB of chain has to be N2 N2 N2 = m3a; …(vi)

supported by the rest of the chain. Ng = f + m3g; …(vii)
3
m f m3 g
T = (L – x)g
L a
Sol.2 mg sin  = f and N = mg cos  We know that fmax = N2 = m3a
N f = m2g  fmax ≡ m3a
f m g
 a 2  …(viii)
 m 
 3 
mg sin  mg cos 
m g
 F  (m1 + m2 + m3)  2  (from (viii) & (i))
 m 
mg  3 

For the condition of just sliding;

f = N
mg sin  =  mg cos  F T=F
tan  =    = tan–1().
Sol.4 (A)
Hence the angle of inclination has nothing to F T
do with the mass of the body.
Here the angles are different because of the
change in '' from one block to another. 2T

m
Sol.3 a m
Hence we have 2T force,
F m2 2T = 2ma + 2mg
m1 m3
a1 = (T/m) – g

/2
Now let us say the whole system moves with
an acceleration 'a'. F /2
(B) /2
F = (m1 + m2 + m3) a … (i) /2
Let as consider Individual masses;
For m1 ;
T

m
m

S 4.33
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Forces and Laws of Motion

T = 2m (a) N2 N1
T f2
a= –g
2m
F T m1 F
(C)
f1

T m1g

m F – f1 – f2 – T = m1a …(i)
m m1g + N2 = N1 …(ii)
T – 2mg = 2ma FDB of m2;
T N2
a= –g
2m
/2
T m2
F /2
(D) T/2 f2

m2 g
T/4 T/4 N2 – m2g = 0 …(iii)
m m T – f 2 = m2 a …(iv)
f2 = N2 = m2g …(v)
(T/4) – mg = ma T = m2a + m2g
T T = (a + μg) m2 …(vi)
a= –g
4m f1 = N1 = (m1g + m2g) = g (m1 + m2)
Here in case A, we have maximum In equation (i)
acceleration. Hence it requires minimum time. F – g (m1 + m2) –  m2g – (a + g)m2 = m1a.
F = (m1 + m2) a + 3m2g + m1g
Sol.5 Lift moving uniformly means lift is F = (m1 + m2)a + g (m1 + 3m2)
moving without any acceleration. Put a = 0.3 m/s2 and m1 = 0.7 kg, m2 = 0.2 kg
Hence in both the cases; acceleration of the to get the value of force.
coin is 'g'.
t1 = t2. Sol.7
N

m
Sol.6 F1
mg cos 
T
m2 

mg
T 700 gm F As force F tends to push the mass upwards,
m1
friction will tend to oppose it. So, it will act
Now if m1 moves with an acceleration 'a' downwards.
towards right; m2 will have an acceleration of F = f + mg sin 
'a' towards left. f = N = mg cos 
[ string constraint] F1 =  mg cos  + mg sin α …(i)
FBD of m1; Now when pushing downwards, friction will be
acting upwards,

S 4.34
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Forces and Laws of Motion

N F2 a1
m f

mg sin  mg cos  Sol.9 m1 

 m2 m F
= 0
mg
F2 + f = mg sin 
Let us say the whole system moves with an
F2 = mg sin  – f
acceleration a1.
f =  mg cos 
 F 
F2 = mg sin  –  mg cos  …(ii) a1 =   …(i)
Given that F1 = nF2  m1  m2 
mg cos  + mg sin = Now FBD of m1;
n(mg sin  – mg cos ) N
n–1
 = tan  m1a1
n1 m1
f
Sol.8
m1g
F T
m m1a1 – f= 0
f
M m m1a1 = f …(ii)
For maximum force, F; the friction on 'M' will
FBD of m2
be towards Right.
FBD of m;

N ma N
m T
f
F m2 F
f m2a
F – f – m2a = 0
mg
F = m2a + f …(iii)
F–T–f=0 Now when the mass m1 just tends to slide;
N + ma = mg f =  N = m1g
F = f + T …(i) m1a1 = m1g (from (ii))
N = mg – ma …(ii) a1 = g.
FBD of M; Now from (i) F = (m1 + m2) g
at = (m1 + m2) g
N1 Ma (m1  m2 )g
t=
M a
f T
Sol.10
N
m1
Mg m1 p
A P=kt
f
T–f=0 …(iii)
N1 + Ma = Mg …(iv) m2 B
From (i) and (iii); m1g
F=f+f p – f = m1a …(i)
F = 2f ; N = m1g …(ii)
f = N = (mg – ma) f
m2
F = m (g – a)
f = m2a…(iii)
F = 2 m (g – a).

S 4.35
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Forces and Laws of Motion

Now for f  m1g; the three blocks will slide for a minimum force
Both the block will move together; of 60 N.
Adding (i) and (iii);
P = (m1 + m2)a. Sol.12 m2g – T = m2a1 …(i)
 P   k 
a =   =   t
 m1  m2   m1  m2 
Now for f = m1g; this is the maximum
frictional force; a
f = m2a2 T
T
m1g = m2a2 /4
m2
m1g m1
 a2 = which is constant
m2 On m1;
And P – f = m1a Tsin 
P –  mg = m1a.
N
kt – m1g T cos  m1
a1 =
m1 f
Hence option C. m1g
N + T sin  = m1g
Sol.11 Now let us check the limiting frictions T cos  – f = m2a2
between the three surfaces Now for just initiating the motion;
a1= a2 =0
m2g – T = 0 …(i)
(1) A P
T cos  – f = 0 …(ii)
1 = 0.3
(2) B m2g cos  = f …(iii)
2 = 0.2
f = N = (m1g – T sin )
(3) C 3 = 0.1 = (m1g – m2g sin )
fs = 1(mA g) = 90 N m2gcos  = (m1g – m2g sin )
1
 m2 cos  
fs = 2(mA + mB)g = 80 N m =  
2
 m1 – m2 sin  
fs = 3(mA + mB + mC) g = 60 N. put  = /4.
3
 2 = 0.4
Now let us assume P would be greater than
60 N and less than 80 N.
For this P; Sol.13
f1 = P [ f1 < fs  90]
1 1 = 0.2

A p
f1 

f1 = f2 = P [ f2 < fs  80] Here both the particles are constrained to

2
move together. Hence aA = aB
f1
B Now let us first find the net force down the
f2
incline;
Now f2 – f3 = m3a i. e (m1 + m2)g sin 
f2
C 8
f3 Fnet = 340 × 10 ×
17
[ f2 = P > 60  fs ] Fnet = 1600 N.
3

Here f2 is greater than the maximum static Now let us calculate the fs + fs
1 2
friction between C and ground. Hence the
fs = 1 . (m1g cos )
block C will slide on the ground. There by all 1

S 4.36
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Forces and Laws of Motion

15 T – f – mBg sin  = mB aB …(i)

= (0. 2) (170 × 10 × ) = 300 N
17 N1 = mBg cos  …(ii)
FBD of A;
fs = 2 . (m2g cos ) = 0. 4 (170 × 10 × 15 )
2
17 N2
f T
= 600 N.
 fs + fs = 900 N. A
1 2

Net Acceleration of the system

 1600 – 900  700 mAg cos 
=   = m/s2 mAg sin 
 170  170  340
35
a= m/s2 mAg sin  – f – T = mA aA …(iii)
17
N2 = mAg cos  …(iv)
Now on A;
aA = aB (constraint equation)
N (i) + (iii)
a (mA – mB) g sin  – 2f = (mA + mB) a …(v)
fs For limiting condition, a= 0.
1

m1g sin  (mA – mB) g sin  = 2f

Here f  fs = N1 =  mB g cos 
(mA – mB) g sin   2  mB g cos 
mA – mB
 tan 
2mB
Now in equation (v)
m1g sin  + N – fs = m1a
1 If m1 = m2;
N = m1a – m1g sin  + fs Tension itself balances both the masses.
1
So, no necessity for any friction.
 35 
N = 170   – 800 + 300 C: we cannot explicitly say that. We
 17  need more information on .
N = – 150 N. D: when mA = mB;
i.e. force in the bar is 150 N. Put friction f = 0 in (i) and (iii)
And subtract them to get Tension 'T'.
Multiple Correct Questions
Sol.14 Sol.15 T sin 

N1 A T cos 
B
A
mg f1
 Acceleration of block will be zero. Since its
FBD of B; constrained.
N1  mg + f1 = T sin  …(i)
T N1 = T cos  …(ii)
f1 f2
B

N1 B N2
f mBg cos 
mBg sin 
Mg

S 4.37
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Forces and Laws of Motion

Mg – f1 – f2 = Ma …(iii) And adding equation (i) and (iii);

N1 = N2 = T cos  (m1  m2 )gsin 
f2 = (N2) =  T cos  a=
(m1  m2 )
f2 =  N1 =  T cos 
a = g sin  …(v)
from equation (i)
now using this we can find, N3;
mg +  Tcos  = T sin 
N3 = zero, for all m1 and m2.
mg = T (sin  –  cos )
 mg 
T=   Assertion Reason:-
 sin  –  cos   Sol.17 Conceptual.
100 Conservation of linear momentum for a single
T=
 3 particle do mean that the state of the body is
0.5 – 0.2  
 2  conserved or constant unless an external force
 
acts on the body.
T = 306 N.
Now using equation (iii)
Mg – f1 – f2 = Ma Sol.18 Assertion: If the force is non-constant
Mg – 2 T cos  = Ma and reverses itself over time, it can give a zero
2T cos  impulse.
a=g–
M For example; spring force would give a zero
a = 4. 7 m/s2 impulse over one period of oscillation.

Sol.16 Comprehension Type Question:-

N1 Passage-I: (19-22)
N3
A
B

m1g cos  T2 cos 
m1g sin 
 T2
A
m1gsin  + N3 = m1a1 …(i) T2 sin 
N1 = m1g cos  …(ii) Ti
mg
B
A T2 cos  = mg
T2 sin  = T1
 fixed  T2 = mg sec 
N2 T1 = mg tan 
N3 Now just after the string AB is cut;
B T2 = mg cos 

m2g sin m2g cos


T2

m2g sin  – N3 = m2a2 …(iii)

N2 = m2g cos  …(iv)

now let us assume; a1  a2, then; mg cos 
mg sin 
mg
Both of them will lose contact
N3 = 0. Now when string BC is cut;
But we then find a1 = a2 = g sin . Mass 'm' will just have force fall. Hence tension
Hence both of them will have same in string AB is zero.
acceleration. Now suppose it is keep in a moving
Now putting a1 = a2 = a automobile;

S 4.38
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Forces and Laws of Motion

In automobile's frame of reference, there is a  mgsin  cos  

pseudo force acting on the mass. a=  2 
 M  msin  
The resultant force should be along BC.
Since its in –ve x direction; we add a '–' sign.
C  mgsin  cos  
a = –  2 
  M  msin  
Now using this value of a, solving equation (iv);
B T We get
ma
 mgsin  cos  
mg sin + m  2  cos  = ma'
 M  msin  
Fnet 2
mg g sin  + mgsin  cos  = a’
M  msin2 
 ma = tan  a = g tan  Mgsin   mg sin3   mgsin  cos2 
mg  = a’
M  msin2 
Since its acting leftwards, the vehicle should
Mgsin   mgsin (sin2   cos2 )
move rightwards. a’ =
M  msin2 
Passage-II: (23-26) Mgsin   mgsin 
a’ =
In s’ frame; M  msin2 
FBD of M. (M  m)g sin 
a’ =
y M  m sin2 
a
x This is the acceleration of the block 'm' with
respect to the incline.
m
Force exerted by the mass 'm' on wedge is 'N'.
We can find this by; equation (iii)
M
 N + ma sin  = mg cos 
 N = mg cos  – ma sin 
a  mg sin2  cos  
= mg cos  – m  
 M  msin2  
N   
 Mmg 
 N=  2 
 M  msin  
N1 Mg Sol.26
N sin  = Ma …(i) ax
N cos  + Mg = N1 …(ii)
FBD of m; m
mg sin 
N + ma sin  m

B ma

mg sin  + ma cos 
mg cos  Now in this question; the downward
mg
component of mg sin  has to be balanced.
N + ma sin  = mg cos  …(iii) max cos 
mg sin  + ma cos  = ma' …(iv)
from (i) and (iii);
max
N = mg cos  – mg sin 
Now in equation (i)
N sin  = Ma
mg sin 
(mg cos  – ma sin ) sin  = Ma

S 4.39
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Forces and Laws of Motion

max cos  = mg sin 

T
ax = g tan  in positive x direction,
2m a1
Passage-4 (27-29)
Given that the plank has very rough surface.
2mg
 >> 0
FBD of A; 2mg – T = 2ma1 …(ii)
N From (i) and (ii)
2g
a1 = = 6. 66 m/s2
m 3
T
Now aA = a1( î ) + a2 ( – ˆj ) =
f –2g ˆ ˆ
i – gj
3
mg 4g2
T – f = 0 …(i)  T = f |aA| =  g2
9
mg – N = 0 …(ii)  N = mg
13
FBD of B; |aA| = g
3
T
|aA| = 12 m/s2
2m
Sol.30
b  = 0.8
2mg p
T – 2mg = 0 …(iii)  T=2mg
At an angle ;
 f = 2mg
mg sin  – f = 0
Net Contact force acting between block A and
N – mg cos  = 0
plank;
Now fmax = fs = N.
is N2  f 2 = (mg)2  (2mg)2 N
f
F = mg 5 m
On the pulley; mg sin  mg cos 
N= T 2 = 2 2 mg. 

T N At this point the block starts sliding.

fmax =  mg cos 
mg sin  –  mg cos  = 0
T 2 tan  = 
T  = tan–1(0. 8)
Now just after this instant;  = 40º
Normal reaction becomes zero. Now till this angle; f = mg sin 
On body A; for  = 30º,
f = mg/2
a1 Now for  = 45º, let us say body is not sliding
a2 m T mg sin  – f = 0
N = mg cos 
fs = mg cos =mg/ 2 = 0.8 (mg/ 2 )
mg  mg 
T = ma1 …(i) f = mg sin  =  
 2
mg = ma2.
But for our assumption;
 a2  g f  fs
on body B

S 4.40
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Forces and Laws of Motion

 mg   mg  
v2 2as2
    (0. 8)   ar = =
R mR
 2  2
which is not true.

dv dv ds
at = =
Hence the body would have started sliding dt ds dt
f = fs =  N = mg cos  = mg/ 2

dv
a t = v.
Similar case for  = 60º and 75º ds
dv 2a
=
CIRCULAR DYNAMICS ds m
 v2  
2as
Sol.31 Centripetal acceleration = r2  or   at =
 r m
 
  
Given that both have same periods. a = ar + a t
So ω1 = ω2
|a| = ar2  a2t
a1 = Rω2 a2 = rω2
a1 R
2
 2as2   2as 
2
= =   
a2 r 
 mR   m 
Sol.32 Max Tension the string can sustain
Tmax = 10 N. 2as s 2

|a| = 1 2
1 m R
Mass of the stone = 250 gm = kg.
4 
| F | = m |a|
Length of string = 10 cm = 0.1 m
T = mrω2 s2
= 2as 1 
2
Tmax = mr max R2

anet
at
T
0.1m Sol.36
O ar
Tmax
ωmax =
mr
10 Given speed = v; and
ωmax = dv
1 =a
 0.1 dt
4
 v2 êr
ar =
= 400 rad/s r
wmax = 20 rad/s.
a t = a ê t


Sol.33 Already discussed in Q. 32 So try this

yourself   
a net = a r + a t
1
Sol.35 Kinetic energy k = mv2 v2 êr + a êt

2 a net =
r
But given that k = as2
2
1   v2 
 mv2 = as2 | a net | =    a
2
2
 r 
2a 
v= s Now friction force f = m a net
m
2
    v2 
Now a = a r + a t f=m    a
2

 r 

S 4.41
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Forces and Laws of Motion

2 T cos = mg
 mv 2 
f=    (ma)
2 & T sin = mrω2 ; r = L + L sin
 r   T sin  = mω2 L (1 + sin)
and f = mg 2
T sin   L(1  sin )
Hence options B,C  =
T cos  g

Comprehension Type :-
N cos Passage-I :- Q. 39, 40, 41
N
mv 2
Sol.37 R
N sin

mg N


Since  0, there would be no frictional force. At any instant, say speed is v. Normal force
N cos = mg against wall,
2
N = mv
2
N sin = mv
R R
2 Now frictional force, f = N
 mv 2  2
F = mv (– ê t )
2
N =    (mg)
 R  R
2 
 N > mg as well as N > mv And tangential acceleration say a t
R 2
Now m a t = mv (– ê t )

Now when speed of the car is less than vc = 40 R
km/hr and if we consider the frame of car; v 2
(– ê t )

Both these forces are made equal through at =
R
proper banking.  dv
mv 2c and also a t =
mgsin cos  dt
R dv 2
Now if v < vcritical , = – v
dt R
2
Then mg sin > mv cos dv 
= – . dt
R
v 2 R
 It slips downwards.
Integrating both sides
w v
Sol.38 L dv t

 L v
v0
2 =–
R  dt
0

v
1  t
–   =–
L sin  v v 0
R
Free body diagram of mass m; 1 t
= 1 +
T v v0 R

2
mrw2 Sol.41. at = – v
R
dv dv dx dv
at = = . =v
mg dt dx dt dx
dv 2
Resolving into components v = – v
dx R

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Forces and Laws of Motion

dv  And also total energy at point A;

=– dx
v R 1
E= m(u)2 + UA
Integrating both sides; 2
v
dv x Now assume ground at the point A itself

 v
=–
R  dx UA = 0
v0 0 1 9mRg
EA = m (9Rg) =
 v  x 2 2
n 
v  = – And total energy at point B;
 0  R
1 2
–
x EB = m( vB ) + mg(R)
v = v0 e R 2
According to conversation of energy
Passage-II :- Q. 42, 43, 44 EA = EB
1 9mgR
 mvB2 + mgR =
2 2
mv 2 1 2 7
N mv = mgR
R 2 B 2
vB = 7gR
Top view of the rotor mvB2
and TB = = 7mg
R
for point C;
fs
mv 2c
Tc + mg =
R
mv 2c
2 2 Tc = – mg
N = mv f = N = .mv R
R R
mg Total energy at point C is
1
For equilibrium; Ec = mv 2c + mg(2R)
2
fs = mg 1 2
N = mg Ec = mv c + 2mgR
2
2
And this is .mv = mg Ec = EA
R 1 9mgR
 mv 2c + 2mgR =
Rg 2 2
v=
 mv 2c 5mgR
=
2 2
Matrix match :-  vc = 5gR
Sol.45. mv 2c
 Tc = – mg = 5mg – mg = 4 mg
mv 2c R
R VC C
C VB
mg
T Sol.46. D
T mvB2 B
D
B R

A VA
A u  3 Rg
At point A;
At point B; mv 2A
mvB2 TA = mg +  (1)
TB = R
R At point B;

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Forces and Laws of Motion

mvB2
TB =  (2) vc
R
mg
At point C;
mv 2C T
TC = – mg  (3)
R
1 2
Energy at point A = mv (point A is assumed
2 A
to be ground)
  v 2c
 a net = a r = = 60 m/s2
1 R
EB = mvB2 + mgR mv 2
2 N cos
1 2 R
EC = mv C + 2mgR mv 2
2
Now given that vA = 10 R
mg sin
So; EA = EB (using conservation of energy) Sol.47.
1 1 2  mg
m(10)2 = m( vB ) + mg(1). [R = 1, vA= 10,
2 2
m = 1] mv 2
sinmg cos
R
vB = 80 m/s 2
and similarly N = mv sin + mg cos  (1)
R
1 1 2
EA = EC  (10)2 = v + g(2) Now depending on condition, friction can be
2 2 C upwards or downwards.
vc = 60 m/s For maximum speed, friction is downwards.
2
 from (1), (2), (3)  f = mv cos – mg sin  (2)
TA = 10 + 100 = 110 N R
TB = 80 N  mv 2 
And also f = N   sin   mgcos  
TC = 50 N  R 
 
 minimum tension is 50 N 2
When string is horizontal i.e. at point B; = mv cos   mgsin 
R
  msin  mcos  
v2  – 
T mv 2
 R R 
R = – (mg sin+ mg cos )

mg mg(sin    cos )
v=
m

ar =
vB2
= 80 m/s2 (– î ) (–  sin   cos )
R R
ˆ
a t = g = 10 m/s2 (– j )

vmax. =
Rg(sin    cos )
 
(cos  –  sin )

a net = a r + a t And for the minimum speed;
 friction will be acting upwards
| a net | = (80)2  (10)2 2
  f = mg sin – mv cos  (3)
| a | = 10 65 m/s2 R
At point C; tangential acceleration is zero And following the same argument
for f = 0
 v2 
tan = 
 Rg 
 
v= Rgtan  (4)

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Forces and Laws of Motion

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

FORCES AND LAWS OF MOTION Sol.50. mg sin = (2)(10)  1 
2
= 10 N = F1 (say)
Sol.48. Maximum friction between A and B= mAg
or f1 = 0.25(3)(10) = 7.5 N
3
Maximum friction between B and C =
2kg 2
= (mA + mB)g
or f2 = 0.25 (3 + 4)(10) = 17 5 N
Maximum friction between C and ground 30°
f3 = (mA + mB + mC)g  3  
= 0.25(3 + 4 + 8)(10) = 37.5 N mg cos =   (2) (10)  3 
  
Block C and hence block B are moving in  2  2 
opposite directions with constant velocities = 21.21 N = F2 (say)
and block A is at rest. Hence, net force no all (a) Force required to move the block down the
three blocks should be zero. Free body plane with constant velocity.
diagrams have been shown below (Only F2
F
horizontal forces are shown) v
f1 f2
B C T
T F
f2 f3 F1
30°
For equilibrium of B
T = f1 + f2 = 25 N F1 will be acting downwards, while F2 upwards.
For equilibrium of C Since F2 > F1, force required
F = T + f2 + f3 = 80 N F = F2 – F1 = 11.21 N
(b) Force required to move the block up the
F plane with constant velocity.
Sol.49. Acceleration of rope a =
M F
L v
F
M
M
A a B
F1+F2
a a
30°
L–  
T T
F F1 and F2 both will be acing downwards.
A C C B  F = F1 + F2
Now to find tension at point C, a distance  = 31.21 N
from point B, we can write equation of motion
of any one part (AC or CB), both moving with Sol.51. Maximum force of friction between M1
acceleration a. and inclined plane
Equation of motion of part AC is f1 = 1M1g cos 
T = (mass of AC) × (acceleration) = (0. 75)(4)(9. 8)(0.8) = 23.52 N
M M1g sin  = (4)(9.8)(0.6)
= (L – )  F  = 23.52 N = F1 (say)
L M
Maximum force of friction between M2 and
= F 1 – 
 inclined plane
 L
f2 = 2M2g cos 
= (0. 25)(2)(9.8)(0.8) = 3.92 N
M2g sin  = (2)(9.8)(0.6)

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Forces and Laws of Motion

= 11.76 N = F2 (say) For F to be minimum, denominator should be

f1 maximum.
M1 a or
d
(cos  + sin ) = 0
T d
T
F1 or – sin  +  cos  = 0
f2 M2 a or tan  =  or  = tan–1 ()
Substituting this value of  in Eq. (i), we get
F2 Fmin = mg sin

Both the blocks will be moving downwards Sol.54. (a) To find tension at mid-point of the
with same acceleration a. Different forces lower wire we cut the string at this point. Draw
acting on two blocks are as shown in figures. the free body diagram of lower portion.
Equation of motion of M1 T1
T + F1 – f1 = M1a …. (i)
a
or T = 4a
Equation of motion M2 0.1kg
F2 – T – f2 = M2a 1.9kg
or 7.84 – T = 2a ….. (ii)
Solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
a = 1.3 m/s2 and T = 5.2 N (1.9 +0.1)g =2.0 g
The equation of motion gives
Sol.52. Constant velocity means net T1 - 2.0g = (2.0) a
acceleration of the system is zero. Or net or T1=(2.0)(g + a) = (2. 0)(9.8 + 0.2) = 20 N
pulling force on the system is zero. While
calculating the pulling force, tension forces are Sol.55. Given : R = 0 1m, m = 10–2 kg
not taken into consideration. Therefore, 
(a) M1g = M2g sin37° + M2g cos37° + M3g
or M1 = M2 sin37° + M2 cos37° + M3 R R–h
Substituting the values N 
r
M1 = (4)  3  + (0.25)(4)  4  +(0.25)(4) = 4.2 kg h
5 5 mg
(b) Since, M3 is moving with uniform velocity
T =  M3g = (0.25)(4)(9.8) = 9.8 N
M3 (a) FBD of particle in ground frame of
reference is shown in figure. Hence,
T r
tan θ =
M3g R –h
F N cos  = mg ……... (i)
 and N sin  = mr2 …….. (ii)
Sol.53.  Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we obtain
m 2 r 2
tan  = r or = r
 g R –h g
Let F be applied at angle  as shown in figure. g
Normal reaction in this case will be or 2 = …….. (iii)
R –h
N = mg – F sin  This is the desired relation between  and h.
The limiting friction is therefore From Eq. (iii)
fL = N = (mg – F sin ) g
For the block to move, h=R– 2

F cos  = fL = (mg – F sin ) Form non-zero value of h
mg
or F = …… (i)
cos    sin 

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Forces and Laws of Motion

g  m g   R  mg
R> or  > g / R
2 F = kx =    =
Therefore, minimum value of  should be
 R  4 4

g 9.8 The free body diagram of the ring will be as

min = = rad/s shown.
R 0.1
or min = 9. 89 rad/s mg
Here, F = kx =
g 4
(b) Eq. (iii) can be written as h = R – and N = Normal reaction.
2
If R and  are known precisely, then (b)Tangential acceleration aT : The ring will move
g forwards the x-axis just after the release. So net
h = – 2 force along x-axis

or g = 2 h
(neglecting the negative sign)
(g)min = (min)2 h, (g)min = 9. 8 ×10–3 m/s2
y
Sol.56. (a) CP = CO = Radius of circle (R)
 CPO = POC = 60° N
OCP is also 60° 60°
Therefore, OCP is an equilateral triangle. 60°
F
O 60°
ax
mg
Fx = F sin 60° + mg sin60°
C m g 3  3
=  + mg  
 4  2  2 
 

60° P Fx = 5 3 mg
8
O Therefore, tangential acceleration of the ring,
Fx
Hence, OP = R aT = ax = = 5 3g
m 8

aT = 5 3 g
8
Normal reaction N : Net force along y-axis on the
ring just after the release will be zero.
C Fy = 0
N  N + F cos 60° = mg cos 60°
 N = mg cos60° – F cos 60°
F P mg mg  1  mg mg
= –   = –
O 2 2
4   2 8
3mg
mg N=
8
Natural length of spring is 3R/4.
 Extension in the spring Sol.57. Given,
3R R m1 = 10 kg, m2 = 5 kg,  = 10 rad/s
x=R– =
4 4 r = 0.3 m, r1 = 0.124 m
 Spring force,  r2 = r – r1 = 0.176 m
(a) Masses m1 and m2 are at rest with respect
to rotating table.

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Forces and Laws of Motion

Let f be the friction between mass m1 and

table. m 2m
A B
 mg sin45° 2mg sin45°
m1 × m2 mg
r1 r2 = =F2 45° 45° =
2mg
=F1
r 2 2

Free body diagram of m1 and m2 with respect

to ground Similarly,
m1 T+f T m2 (fmax)B = B(2mg cos 45°)
1 2mg
T = m2r22 ………(i) = (2mg/ 2 ) =
3 3
Since, m2r22 < m1r12
Therefore, maximum value of friction that can
Therefore, m1r12 > T
be obtained on the system is
and friction on m1 will be inward (toward
2 2mg
centre) (fmax) = (fmax)A + (fmax)B = …..(i)
3
f + T = m1r12 ………(ii)
Net pulling force on the ststem is
from equations (i) and (ii), we get
2mg mg mg
f = m1r12 – m2r22 ………(iii) F = F1 – F2 = – = …..(ii)
2 2 2 2
= (m1r1 – m2r2)
= (10 × 0.124 – 5×0. 176) (10)2 N = 36 N From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we can see that
Therefore, frictional force on m1 is 36 N Net pulling force < fmax
(inwards) Therefore, the system will not move or the
(b) From eq. (iii) acceleration of block A will be zero.
f = (m1r1 – m2r2) 2 (b) and (c) Tension in the string and friction at
Masses will start slipping when this force is A
greater than fmax or Net pulling force on the system (block A and
(m1r1 – m2r2)2 > fmax > m1g B)
 Minimum value of  is F = F1 – F2 = mg/ 2
Therefore, total friction force on the blocks
m1g mg
min = should also be equal to
m1r1 – m2r2 2
0.5  10  9.8 or fA + fB = F = mg/ 2
=
10  0.124 – 5  0.176 Now since the blocks will start moving from
min = 11.67 rad/s block B first (if they move), therefore, fB will
(c) From Eq. (iii), frictional force f = 0 reach its limiting value first and if still some
r1 m 5 1 force is needed, it will be provided by fA
where m1r1 = m2r2 or = 2 = =
r2 m1 10 2 Here, (fmax)B < F
and r = r1 + r2 = 0. 3 m Therefore, fB will be in its limiting value and
 r1 = 0.1 m and r2 = 0.2 m rest will be provided by fA.
i. e. , mass m2 should be placed at 0.2 m and 2mg
Hence fB = (fmax)B =
m1 at 0.1 m from the centre O. 3
mg 2mg mg
and fA = F – fB = – =
Sol.58. Acceleration of block A 2 3 3 2
Maximum friction force that can be obtained The FBD of the whole system will be as shown
at A is in the figure
(fmax)A = A(mg cos 45°)
2 2mg
= (mg/ 2 ) =
3 3

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Forces and Laws of Motion

T T CIRCULAR DYNAMICS
T T
Sol.60 Tangential force (F1) of the bead will be
A fB=
2mg
B given by the normal reaction (N), while
3
mg =(fB)max centripetal force (Fc) is provided by friction (fr).
F2= fA= mg F1=
2mg
2 The bead starts sliding when the centripetal
3 2 2
force is just equal to the limiting friction.
Therefore, friction on A is 
fA = mg/3 2 (down the plane)
Now for tension T in the string, we may
consider either equilibrium of A or B F1
L
Equilibrium of A gives x
A
mg mg 4mg 2 2mg Fc
T = F2 + fA = + = or
2 3 2 3 2 3
Similarly, equilibrium of B gives T + fB = F1
2mg 2mg 4mg
or T = F1 – fB = – =
2 3 3 2 Ft is inwards
2 2mg Therefore,
or
3 Ft = ma = mL = N
2 2mg  Limiting value of friction
Therefore, tension in the string is (fr)max = N = mL …… (i)
3
Sol.59 Acceleration of A down the plane, Angular velocity at time t is  = t
aA = g sin 45° – A g cos 45°  Centripetal force at time t will be
Fc = mL2 = mL2t2 …… (ii)
 1   1 
= (10)   – (0. 2)(10)   Equating equation (i) and (ii), we get
 2  2 
t=
= 4 2 m/s2 
Similarly acceleration of B down the plane, 
For t > , Fc > (fr)max i.e. , the bead starts
aB = g sin 45° – B g cos 45° 
 1   1  sliding.
(10)   – (0.3)(10)   = 3.5 2 m/s2
 2  2 In the figure Ft is perpendicular to the paper
The front face of A and B will come in a line inwards.
when,
sA = sB + 2 Sol.61 Since, the block rises to the same heights
1 1 in all the four cases, from conservation of energy,
or aAt2 = aBt2 + 2 speed of the block at highest point will be same
2 2
1 1 in all four cases. Say it is v0.
× 4 2 × t2 = × 3. 5 2 × t2 + 2
2 2
v0
Solving this equation, we get
t = 2s
Further,
1 1 N + mg
sA = aAt2 = × 4 2 × (2)2 = 8 2 m
2 2 Equation of motion will be
Hence, both the blocks will come in a line after mv 20
N + mg =
A has travelled a distance 8 2 m down the R
plane. mv 20
or N = – mg
R
R (the radius of curvature) in first case is
minimum. Therefore, normal reaction N will be
maximum in first case.

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Forces and Laws of Motion

Note In the question it should be mentioned P5' = (5) (1) = 5 kg-m/s

that all the four tracks are frictionless.
Otherwise, v0 will be different in different PCM
2
9
KCM = = = 0. 75 J
tracks. 2MCM 26
1
Ktotal = × 1 × (3)2 = 4. 5 J
Objective Question II 2
Sol.62 Motion of pendulum is part of a circular  Correct options are (a) and (c).
motion. In circular motion it is better to resolve
the forces in two perpendicular directions. First Sol.65 (a) CP = CO = Radius of circle (R)
along radius (towards centre) and second  CPO = POC = 60°
along tangential. Along radius net force OCP is also 60°
mv 2 Therefore, OCP is an equilateral triangle.
should be equal to and along tangent it
R
should be equal to maT, where aT is the
tangential acceleration in the figure.
mv 2
T – Mg cos  =
L
and Mg sin  = MaT C
or aT = g sin
O
60° P

T O
v
Hence, OP = R


mg sin
mg cos
mg
 Correct options are (b) and (c).
C
Sol.63 A rotating/revolving frame is N
accelerating and hence non-inertial. Therefore,
correct options are (b) and (d). F P
1kg
2 ms–1 O
Sol.64

Natural length of spring is 3R/4.
1 kg 5 kg
 Extension in the spring
 m1 – m2   2m2  3R R
v1' =   v1 +   v2 x=R– =
 m1  m2   m1  m2  4 4
1 –5  Spring force,
–2=   v1 + 0 (as v2 = 0)  m g   R  mg
1 5 F = kx =    =
 v1 = 3 ms–1  R  4 4
m –m   2m1  The free body diagram of the ring will be as
v 2' =  2 1  v2 +   v1 shown.
 m2  m1   m1  m2 
mg
 2 1  Here, F = kx =
=0+   (3) = 1 ms–1 4
 6  and N = Normal reaction.
PCM = Pi = (1)(3) = 3 kg-m/s

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Forces and Laws of Motion

(b)Tangential acceleration aT the ring will move

forwards the x-axis just after the release. So, net
force along x-axis

N
60°
60°
F
O 60°
ax
mg
Fx = F sin 60° + mg sin60°
m g 3  3
=  + mg  
 4  2  2 
 

Fx = 5 3 mg
8
Therefore, tangential acceleration of the ring,
Fx
aT = ax = = 5 3g
m 8

aT = 5 3 g
8
Normal reaction N Net force along y-axis on the
ring just after the release will be zero
Fy = 0
 N + F cos 60° = mg cos 60°
 N = mg cos60° – F cos 60°
mg mg  1  mg mg
= –  = –
2 4 2 2 8
3mg
N=
8

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