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Chromatography is a multi-stage separation technique that distributes components of a sample between two phases - a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The stationary phase may be a solid, liquid, or gel and the mobile phase may be gaseous or liquid. Separation is based on differences in how components interact with and migrate through the different phases, such as via adsorption, partitioning, ion exchange, or differences in size, mass or other physicochemical properties. Common chromatography techniques include paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography.
Chromatography is a multi-stage separation technique that distributes components of a sample between two phases - a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The stationary phase may be a solid, liquid, or gel and the mobile phase may be gaseous or liquid. Separation is based on differences in how components interact with and migrate through the different phases, such as via adsorption, partitioning, ion exchange, or differences in size, mass or other physicochemical properties. Common chromatography techniques include paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography.
Chromatography is a multi-stage separation technique that distributes components of a sample between two phases - a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The stationary phase may be a solid, liquid, or gel and the mobile phase may be gaseous or liquid. Separation is based on differences in how components interact with and migrate through the different phases, such as via adsorption, partitioning, ion exchange, or differences in size, mass or other physicochemical properties. Common chromatography techniques include paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography.
stage separation methods in which the components of a sample are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary, while the other is mobile. The stationary phase may be a solid or a liquid supported on a solid or a gel. The stationary phase may be packed in a column, spread as a layer, or distributed as a film, etc. The mobile phase may be gaseous or liquid. The separation may be based on adsorption, mass distribution (partition), ion exchange, etc., or may be based on differences in the physico-chemical properties of the molecules such as size, mass, volume, etc. Chromatography, in chemistry, analytical technique used for the chemical separation of mixtures and substances. The technique depends on the principle of selective adsorption (not to be confused with absorption), a type of adhesion. Chromatography was discovered in 1906 by the Italian-born Russian botanist Mikhail Tswett, but was not widely used until the 1930s. Tswett separated plant pigments (chlorophylls) by pouring petroleum-ether extract of green leaves over a column of powdered calcium carbonate in a vertical glass tube. As the solution percolated through the column the individual components of the mixture migrated downward at different rates of speed, so that the column became marked with horizontal bands of colors, called a chromatogram. Each band corresponded to a different pigment. Clinical In medicine, such as blood cholesterol Forensic Evidence in the study of crime Geochemical Rocks and minerals Inorganic Compounds in which carbon combined with hydrogen or oxygen is not the main ingredient Oceanographic Seawater and the ocean floor
Organic Compounds containing the
elements carbon and hydrogen and certain element groupings-functional groups-in organic molecules Petroleum Oil and petroleum products Pharmaceutical Drugs
Pollution Toxic substances
Polymer Very large molecules, such as polyvinyl chloride
Spatial Three-dimensional distribution of
elements or molecules in a sample
Surface Analysis of a sample's "skin" as
opposed to its interior
Trace Very small quantities or concentrations
Principles of separation, apparatus and methods are given in the following general methods Paper chromatography (Appendix III E; Ph. Eur method 2.2.26)) Thin-layer chromatography (Appendix III A; Ph Eur method 2.2.27) Gas chromatography (Appendix III B; Ph. Eur. method 2.2.28) Liquid chromatography (Appendix III D; 2.2.29) Liquid Chromatography Thin Layer Chromatography Thank You
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