DESIGN OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

CONTENTS

´ INTRODUCTION

´ MAIN OBJECTIVE

´ SIGNIFICANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

´ LITERATURE

´ METHODOLOGY

´ SELECTION OF AREA

´ POPULATION FORECASTING

´ DESIGN DISCHARGE

INTRODUCTION

´ Wastewater is the water that has been affected by human use.

´ Wastewater is "used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial

or agricultural activities, surface runoff or storm water, and any sewer inflow or sewer
in-filtration".

´ Therefore, wastewater is a by-product of domestic, industrial, commercial or

agricultural activities. The characteristics of wastewater vary depending on the source.

´ Types of wastewater include: domestic wastewater from households, municipal

wastewater from communities (also called sewage) and industrial wastewater from
industrial activities. Wastewater can contain physical, chemical and biological
pollutants.

MAIN OBJECTIVE

´ The major aim of wastewater treatment is to remove as much of the suspended solids
as possible before the remaining water, called effluent, is discharged back to the
environment.

´ As solid material decays, it uses up oxygen, which is needed by the plants and
animals living in the water.

´ The objective of municipal and industrial waste water treatment is to extract

pollutants, remove toxicants, neutralise coarse particles, kill pathogens so that quality
 of discharged water is improved to reach the permissible level of water to be
discharged into water bodies or for agricultural land.

SIGNIFICANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

´ It's a matter of caring for our environment and for our own health. There are a lot of
reasons why keeping our water clean is an important priority:

´ FISHERIES: Clean water is critical to plants and animals that live in water. This
important to the fishing industry, sport fishing enthusiasts, and future generations.

´ WILDLIFE HABITATS: Our rivers and ocean waters teem with life that depends on
beaches and marshes. They are critical habitats for hundreds of species of fish and
other aquatic life. Migratory water birds use the areas for resting and feeding.

´ RECREATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE: Water is a great playground for us all.

The scenic and recreational values of our waters are reasons many people choose to
live where they do. Visitors are drawn to water activities such as swimming, fishing,
boating and picnicking.

HEALTH CONCERNS: If it is not properly cleaned, water can carry disease. Since we live,
work and play so close to water, harmful bacteria have to be removed to make water safe.

LITERATURE

S.No JOURNAL TITLE ABSTRACT

1 Environmental Science
Indian Journal
Design Approach for This paper focuses on the sewage
Sewage Treatment generation in the Srikakulam city
Plant: A Case Study of area and sewage treatment plant
Srikakulam is designed. The various
components of sewage treatment
plant are screening, grit chamber,
primary sedimentation tank,
biological reactor, secondary
clarifier, activated sludge tank;
drying beds. It is proposed to
design the various components of
sewage treatment plant
considering the various standards
and permissible limits of treated
sewage water.

2 International science Sewage treatment Sewage is a water-carried waste,

journal and reuse - a step in solution or suspension that is
towards water intended to be removed from a
conservation community. Under this research
paper, a cut to suit treatment
 technology has been developed
to treat sewage. The results were
very encouraging.

3 SSRG International Analysis and Design of This paper focuses on sewage

Journal of Civil Sewage Treatment generation in vizianagaram area.
Engineering Plant: A Case Study on It is proposed to design the
Vizianagaram various components of sewage
Municipality treatment plant considering
various standards and permissible
limits of treated sewage water.

4 IOSR Journal of Sewage Treatment In Sewage treatment is the process

Engineering (IOSRJEN) Salem District of removing contaminants from
wastewater and household
sewage, both runoff (effluents),
domestic, commercial and
institutional. It includes physical,
chemical, and biological
processes to remove physical,
chemical and biological
contaminants. Its objective is to
produce an environmentally safe
fluid waste stream (or treated
effluent) and a solid waste (or
treated sludge) suitable for
disposal or reuse (usually as farm
fertilizer).

METHODOLOGY

´ SELECTION OF AREA

´ POPULATION FORECASTING

´ DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE

´ COLLECTION OF WASTEWATER

´ DESIGN OF RAW SEWAGE TANK

´ DESIGN OF SCREEN AND GRIT CHAMBERS

´ DESIGN OF PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION TANK

´ DESIGN OF AERATION TANK

´ DESIGN OF SECONDARY SEDIMENTATION TANK

´ DESIGN OF SLUDGE DIGESTION TANK

 ´ DESIGN OF TREATED WATER TANK

SELECTION OF AREA

´ Thiruvallur district is the northern most coastal district of Tamil Nadu

´ The district is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the East, Vellore district of Tamil
Nadu and chitoor district of Andhra Pradesh on the West, Nellore district of Andhra
Pradesh on the North and on the South by kancheepuram district.

´ It lies between 12º 55'N to 13º 34'N Latitude, 79º 17'E to 80º 21'E Longitude and has
an areal extent of 3550 sq.km.

´ There are 14 Blocks, 526 Villages and 3842 Habitations in the District

´ The Araniar, Kortaliyar, Adayar and Coovum are important rivers draining the
district.

´ The Araniar originating in Andra Pradesh flows between Ponneri and Thiruvallur
taluks and joins the Bay of Bengal near Pulicat.

´ The Coovum has its origin in the Surplus water from the Coovum tank in
Sriperumbudur taluk and feeds the Chembarampakkam tank through a Channel

´ The Poondi reservoir and Red hills are important tanks. The Pulicat tank is considered
to be an important lagoon

POPULATION FORECASTING

´ Population in the year 2001 : 2754756

´ Population in the year 2011 : 3728104

YEAR POPULATION INCREMENT % INCREMENT PER

DECADE

2001 2754756 973348 35.3%

2011 3728104

Using Geometrical increment method,

Pn = P[1+Ig/100]^n

Ig = 35.33 n=3

To find the population in the year 2041,

Pn = 3728104[1+35.33/100] ^3

Pn = 9239963.68 people ~ 9239964 people

Therefore, at the design period of 30 years the forecasted population of thiruvallur district is
9239964 people.

In other words population in the year 2041 is 9239964 people

DESIGN DISCHARGE:

Average Per capita demand of water = 135lpcd

Rate of water supply = per capita demand * population

= 135 * 9239964

= 1247395140 litre/day

= 1247395.14 cubicmeter/day

= 1247395.14/(24*60*60)

= 14.43 cubicmeter/second

Assuming sewage discharge as 0.8 times water supplied

Rate of sewage produced = 0.8*14.43

= 11.54 cubicmeter/second