Ancient egypt(New kingdom, 1539~1075 B.C.

❖ Ramses II(ca ​1303~1213 B.C.​), the most famous pharaoh in this era
● Reign period: approximately ​67 years
● Famous for: Great temple of ​Abu Simbel​, which is unique as it was entirely carved out
from a natural rock, unlike others that were built with materials.
➢ Purpose: to ​intimidate the Nuby(descendants from an ancient African civilization)
population​ to protect gold and other resources, as well as celebrating his
progresses
➢ Location: ​ancient wawat/legendary Ybsamul in Nubia​, near the borders of Sudan,
about 300km from Aswan

➢ Time: Dynasty XIX(dynasty 19), c. ​1275~1225 BCE

➢ Size: approx. ​38 meters long and 31 meters high
● Progresses: devoted in ​expanding territory into the Levant​, ​won the battle of Quadesh
against the Hittites​ in Syria, launched ​campaigns into Nubia​, made a ​peace treaty with
the Hittites ​and cemented it by marrying a Hittites princess and many more.

❖ The New Kingdom era, or the Golden Era, is the most prosperous time in the Egyptian
history when political and economic power was rapidly restored in the civilization.
Progresses such as trade network establishment, construction of buildings and statues,
expand power against other civilizations and many more.
❖ Famous pharaohs
● Ahmose I
● Amenhotep I
● Thutmose II
● Hatshepsut
 ● Thutmose III
● Amenhotep II
● Amenhotep III
● Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten
● Neferneferuaten
● Tutankhamun
● Ramses I
● Seti I
● Ramses II
● Merenptah
● Twosret
● Ramses III

-​https://www.bluffton.edu/homepages/facstaff/sullivanm/egypt/abusimbel/ramses/ramses.html
-​https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-egypt#section_7
-​https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/ancient-egypt-
hittites/a/egypt-article
-​https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/people/reference/ramses-ii/
-​https://www.livescience.com/37360-abu-simbel.html
-​https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2016/09/19/who-are-the-nubians
-​https://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/famous-pharaohs.html