ELECTRONIC WASTE

SOURCES AND
CHARACTERSTICS

JYOTI VERMA
I M.Tech
10519002

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 PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Introduction
E-Waste
Composition
Impacts of e-waste
Indian E-waste scenario
Conclusion

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 INTRODUCTION

Electronics industry is the world's largest

and fastest growing manufacturing
industry.
Rapid growth, combined with rapid product
obsolescence and discarded electronics is
now the fastest growing waste fraction,
accounting for 8% of all municipal waste in
European Union (The Economist, 2005).
In developing countries, on an average it
equals to 1% of total solid waste and is
expected to grow to 2%
Powerpoint by 2010 (UNEP,Page 3
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 E-Waste

There is no generally accepted definition

of e-waste
Electronic waste commonly known as E-
waste or Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment (WEEE), or end-of-life
electronic are the electronic appliances
such as computers, laptops, TVs, DVD
players, mobile phones, MP3 players etc.
including their assembly, sub-
assembly, components and
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 Mobile phones; facts

According to TRAI-
India added 113.26 million new cellular
customers in 2008,
an average 9.5 million customers added
every month. Cellular market grew from
168.11 million in 2003–2004 to 261.97
million in 2007–2008

(TRAI, 2007–2008).
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E-waste accumulation in China

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 Composition of E-waste

Electronic appliances are composed of

hundreds of different materials that can be
both toxic but also of high value . It consist
of-
1.Valuable material
2.Hazardous material

(DEFRA, 2004)
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 Valuable Materials

Gold, silver, copper, platinum etc. are

valuable substances which turn recycling
of e-waste into a lucrative business
opportunity.

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 Hazardous Material

The recycling of hazardous

substances, e.g. carcinogens such as lead
and arsenic ,CRT, Capacitors, Mercury
switches and relays, Batteries, Liquid
crystal displays is critical and poses
serious health risks and environment
dangers of not properly handled

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Of particular concern is Lead
in e-waste
Lead is a toxic substances which may
cause lead poisoning and can be
especially harmful young children.
A typical 17-inch computer monitor
contains approximately 2.2 pounds of lead
the 500 million computers that became
obsolete between 1997 and 2007 will
contain nearly 1.6 billion pounds of lead

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 Impacts Of E-waste
 Electronic wastes can cause widespread
environmental damage due to the use of toxic
materials
 Toxic Materials releases highly toxic dioxins
and furans when burned
 Land filling of e wastes can lead to the
leaching of lead into the ground water.
 If the CRT is crushed and burned, it emits
toxic fumes into the air (Ramachandra and
Saira, 2004)
 The cadmium from one mobile phone battery
is enough to pollute 600 m3 of water (Trick,
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2002). Page 14
 Indian E-waste Scenario

Increasing quantity of e-waste

WEEE generation is about 146000 tonne
per year
The top states in order of highest
contribution to WEEE include
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi,
Karnataka, Gujarat. The ranked list of
cities as WEEE generators are Mumbai,
Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata,
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 Contd....

Most of the e-waste is dumped from

developed countries.
at recycling units in New Delhi (India)
itself, 70% of the total electronic waste
collected was actually exported or dumped
by developed countries (Toxic Link,2004)
by 2020, E-waste from old computers in
India will jumped by 500%; from discarded
mobile phones will be about 18 times
high(UNEP 2010 report)
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 E-waste trade cycle in India

E-waste management system is not

developed.
Unorganised
The life cycle of the EEE in India can
broadly be divided in to three levels-
Level I — EEE generation
Level II-WEEE generation
Level III-WEEE re-processing
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 Level I-EEE generation

marks the actual entry of the new electrical

and electronic equipments, raw
materials, components, assemblies and
sub-assemblies in India either in the form
of production by the producers and
manufacturers who are located in India, or
in the form of its import from the foreign
countries by the importers.
Up to this level the sector is well organized
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Level II-WEEE Generation

The domestic as well as official consumers

are the real users of EEE, who purchases
the generated new EEE from the actors of
first level, in order to serve their present
need.

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Level III-WEEE Reprocessing

This stage can be divided into two stages-

1. Pre-reprocessing stage
2. Reprocessing stage

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In pre-reprocessing and
reprocessing stage
Collection by Kabadiwalas

who purchases E-waste along with the other recyclable waste or

scrap like old news papers, books, cardboards, plastics ferrous-tin
material items, glass bottles, etc., from the consumer,

sell it through small traders to the wholesaler/bigger trader who

segregates and sort out different types of waste material
components,

sells it to the recycler/dismantler and disposers for reprocessing.

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 Problems with e-waste
Problems associated with the e-waste management-
its ever increasing quantum
 its scientific and environment friendly disposal
 Management and disposal of e-waste has become
a serious problem among states nationwide.
 The problem of electronic waste (e-waste) is
growing at an unsustainable rate.
 E-waste is now the fastest growing, and most
toxic, component of municipal garbage.
 Local governments are facing huge costs to
handle e-waste, and even greater costs if they do
not capture this toxic stream and handle it in an
appropriate manner.
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 Problems specific to
developing countries
 Although the quantity of e-waste per capita is
still relatively small, populous countries such
as China and India are already huge
producers of e-waste in absolute terms
(Empa, 2005)
 These countries also display the fastest
growing markets for electrical and electronic
equipment.
 Some developing and transition countries
are importing considerable quantities of e-
waste. Some of them arrive as donations
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meant to help the poor, while others are Page 23
 Each one of us has a role to
play!
Need for a e-waste policy and legislation
Encourage and facilitate organized
recycling systems
Should subsidies recycling and disposal
industries
Collect fee from manufactured/consumers
for the disposal of toxic material
Incentive schemes for garbage collectors
and general public for collecting and
handling over e-waste
Awareness programs on e-waste
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for
school children and general public Page 24
 continuation
Transparency and accountability to the
public Handling large amounts of e-waste
poses risks of toxic contamination to
workers and surrounding communities if
conducted carelessly.
Thus, the most basic criterion that
employees and citizens should rightfully
expect from any recycling operation is that
it be open to public inspection.

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 continuation

General compliance with occupational

health and safety standards Observance
of health and safety standards in the
workplace is important for protecting
workers from exposure to toxics whilst
handling e-waste
 Well-trained workers, who are fully
protected by the law to seek advice and
take action to protect their health and the
environment without fear of reprisal from
their employer,Powerpoint
are the most effective Page 26
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 Conclusion
It is important that we create a national
framework for the environmentally sound
management of e-waste including wide
public awareness and education
Conduct detailed inventories of e-waste
Initiate pilot schemes on collection and
sorting of e-wastes , including take back
schemes and schemes for repair
refurbishment and recycling

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 References

A roadmap for development of

sustainable E-waste management system
in India
Sushant B. Wath ⁎,Atul N. Vaidya, P.S.
Dutt, Tapan Chakrabarti
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute
(NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440 020, India

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THANK
YOU
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