CE 511: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

PROBLEM 1 : LOADS
The interior floor system shown in the figure has a W24x55 sections spaced 8ft on center and is supporting
a floor dead load of 50psf and a live floor load of 80psf. Determine the governing load in lb/ft that each beam must
support.

FIGURE:

GIVEN:
W24x55:
Spacing: 8ft.
Self-weight: 55lb/ft
Dead load: 50psf
Live floor load: 80psf

FORMULAS:

*NSCP 2015; SECTION 203: 203.3.1 Basic Load Combinations

Wu = 1.4 (D+F) Where:

Wu = 1.2 (D+F+T) + 1.6 (L+H) + 0.5 (Lr or R) D – dead load
Wu = 1.2 D + 1.6 (Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.5W) E – earthquake load
Wu = 1.2 D + 1.0 W + f1L + 0.5 (Lr or R) F – load due to fluid
Wu = 1.2 D +1.0 E + f1L H – load due to lateral pressure of soil and water
Wu = 0.9 D +1.0 W + 1.6 H in soil
Wu = 0.9 D +1.0 E + 1.6 H L – live load
Lr – roof live load
R – rain load
W – load due to wind

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CE 511: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

SOLUTION:
D = 55 lb/ft + (8ft)(50psf) = 455 lb/ft
L = (8ft)(80psf) = 640 lb/ft
In this substitution, the terms having no values are omitted.
Wu = 1.4(455) = 637 lb/ft
Wu = 1.2(455) + 1.6(640) = 1570 lb/ft
Wu = 1.2(455) + 0.5(640) = 866 lb/ft
Wu = 1.2(455) + 0.5(640) = 866 lb/ft
Wu = 1.2(455) + 0.5(640) = 866 lb/ft
Wu = 0.9 (455) = 409.5 lb/ft
Wu = 0.9 (455) = 409.5 lb/ft

Governing factored load = 1570 lb/ft to be used for design

Notes:
 Each foot of the beam must support itself (a dead load) plus 8 x1 = 8 ft2 of the building.
 Computing factored loads, using the LRFD load combinations.

PROBLEM 2 : TENSION MEMBERS

A tensile test was performed on a metal specimen with a circular section. The diameter was measured to be
0.550in. Two marks were mode along the length of the specimen and were measured to be 2.030in apart. This distance
is defined as the gage length, and all length measurements are made between the two marks. The specimen was loaded
to failure. Fracture occurred at a load of 28,500 pounds. The specimen was then reassembled, and the diameter and
gage length were measured to be 0.430in and 2.300in. Determine the:
a. Ultimate tensile stress in ksi.
b. Elongation as a percentage.
c. Reduction in cross-sectional area as a percentage.

GIVEN:

Before testing: After testing:

Diameter = 0.550 in Load to failure = 28,500 lb
Length of observed area = 2.030 in Diameter = 0.430 in
Length of observed area = 2.300 in
FORMULAS:
 Area (of a circle) = πD2/4 𝐿𝑓 −𝐿𝑖
 %Elongation = × 100
𝑃𝑢 𝐿𝑖
 Fu = 𝐴𝑓 −𝐴𝑖
𝐴
 %Reduction = × 100
𝐴𝑖

SOLUTION:
(a) Ai = π(0.550)2/4 = 0.2376 in2
𝑃𝑢 28,500
Fu = = 0.2376 = 120,000psi = 120ksi
𝐴
2.300−2.030
(b) e = × 100 = 13.3%
2.030
(c) Af = π(0.430) /4 = 0.1452 in2
2

0.1452−0.2376
r= × 100 = 38.9%
0.2376

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CE 511: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

PROBLEM 3 : LOADS
Using both the LRFD and ASD methods, select a W6 purlin for the roof shown in the figure. The
trusses are 18.5 ft on center, and sag rods are used at the midpoints between trusses. Full lateral support is
assumed to be supplied from the roof above. Use 50 ksi steel and the AISC Specification. Loads are as
follows in terms of pounds per square foot of roof surface:
Snow = 30 psf Estimated pulin weight = 3 psf
Roofing = 6psf Wind pressure = 15 psf (┴ to roof surface)

FIGURE:

FORMULAS:

 Mx =
𝑊𝑢𝑥 𝑋 2  Wu = 1.2 D + 1.6 S + 0.5 W
8 (LRFD)
𝑊𝑢𝑦 𝑋 2
 My =  Wu = D + S + W (ASD)
32
SOLUTION:

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CE 511: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

PROBLEM 4 : TIMBER
A stud wall, as shown in the figure, has an overall height of 4.0m. the vertical studs are positioned
at 600mm centres with noggins at mid-height. Carry out design calculations to show that studs of 44mm x
100mm section in C16 timber under service class 1 are suitable to sustain a long-duration load of 10.0kN/m.
(Use K-factor, K12 = 0.23; Service class 2, K2 = 1; Load duration, K3 = 1; Form factor, K6 = 1; Load sharing
applies, K8 = 1.1)

FIGURE:

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CE 511: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

GIVEN:

GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES: K-factor, K12 = 0.23

Stud length, about x-x axis, Lx Lx = 4.0m Service class 2, K2 = 1
Effective length, about Le.x = 1.0Lx = 4.0m Load duration, K3 = 1
Width of section, b b = 44m Form factor, K6 = 1
Depth of section, h h = 100mm
Load sharing applies, K8 = 1.1
K FACTOR:
GRADE STRESSES: (timber strength class, C16) LOADING
Bending parallel to grain σm.g. = 5.3 N-mm-2 Uniformly distributed axial load P = 10 kN-m-1
Compression parallel to grain σc.g. = 6.8 N-mm-2 Stud spacing, Sstud Sstud = 0.6m
Min modulus of elasticity Emin = 5800 N-mm-2 Axial load per stud Pstud = P(Sstud) = 6kN

FORMULAS:
A = bh
𝑏ℎ3
Ixx =
12
ℎ
ixx =
√12
𝐿𝑒.𝑥
λxx =
𝑖𝑥𝑥
Pstud = P(Sstud)
𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑
σc.a. =
𝐴
σc.adm. = σc.g.(K2)(K3)(K8)(K12)

SOLUTION:
Cross-sectional area, A A = bh = 4400mm2
𝑏ℎ3 (44)1003
Second moment of inertia, Ixx Ixx = = = 3.67 x 106 mm4
12 12
ℎ 100
For rectangular section, ixx = = =28.87mm
√12 √12
Radius of gyration, ixx
𝐿𝑒.𝑥 4.0𝑚
Slenderness ratio, λ (x-x axis) λxx = = = 138.56 < 180, satisfactory
𝑖𝑥𝑥 28.87
COMPRESSION STRESS:
𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑 6𝑘𝑁
Applied compressive stress: σc.a. = = = 1.36 N-mm-2
𝐴 4400𝑚𝑚2
Permissible compressive stress σc.adm. = (6.8 N-mm-2)(1)(1)(1.1)(0.23) = 1.73 N-mm-2
1.36 N-mm-2 < 1.73 N-mm-2
Therefore 44mm x 100mm timber sections in strength clss C16 are satisfied

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