Doubly Reinforced beam

Q 1. An RCC beam of size 230 x 500 mm overall depth, effective cover to

compression steel and tension steel are 40 mm. The compression
reinforcement consists of 2-16 mm bar dia and tension steel consists
of 2-25 dia bars. The doubly reinforced beam is made of M 20 and
Fe415 steel. Find the moment of resistance of this beam by limit state
method. For stress in compression steel use table;

For Fe 415 d’/d values

d’/d 0.05 0.1 0.15
0.2
Fsc (N/mm2) 355 353 342
329
Solution
 B = 230mm
D= 500 mm
D=460 mm
𝜋
Asc = 2x x162 = 402.12 mm2
4
𝜋
Ast = 2 x x 252= 981.74 mm2
4
Xu,lim= 0.48d = 0.48x 460 = 220.8 mm
Actual depth of neutral axis,
0.36 fck xu b + (fsc – 0.45fck)Asc = 0.87fyAst
For d’/d = 0.087 value of fsc is from chart

From interpolation method

fsc = 353.52 N/mm2

Putting this value,

0.36 x 20 x Xu x 230 x (353.52-0.45x20) x 402.12 = 0.87 x 415 x 981.74

Xu = 130.39 mm2
 Xu < Xu,lim under reinforced
Mu = 0.36 fck xu b(d-0.42Xu) + (fsc – 0.45fck)Asc(d-d’)
Mu = 145.69 kN-m\

Q 2. A Concrete beam 250mm wide and 600 mm deep overall has to resist
an external bending moment of 300 kN-m. Design the beam taking
cover of steel on both sides as 50mm. Use M 20 concrete and Fe 415
steel.
Given:

b= 250mm, D= 600mm

External bending moment, M = 300 kNm

Effective Depth, d = 600 – 50 = 550mm, d’=50mm

Solution:

Calculation of BM:

Ultimate Bending Moment= Mu= M x 1.5 = 300 x 1.5 = 450 kN-m

Computation of limiting moment of resistance:

As Per IS 456: 2000 Pg No 70 the limiting value of neutral axis depth for

fy=415 MPa is 𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ⁄𝑑 = 0.48

→ 𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.48 𝑥 𝑑 = 0.48 𝑥 550 = 264𝑚𝑚

As Per IS 456: 2000 Cl No: G-1.1(c)

𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.36 (1 − 0.42 ) 𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑑 𝑑
= 0.36𝑥 0.48 (1 − 0.42 𝑥 0.48 )𝑥 250𝑥5502 𝑥20

= 208.67 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 < 450 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

Since Mu,lim<Mu

The section will be doubly reinforced.

For balanced section, 𝑝𝑡,𝑙𝑖𝑚 ≅ 0.96%.

Mu2= Mu – Mu,lim= 450 – 208.67 = 241.33 kN-m

 As per IS-456:2000 Cl No: G-1.2 Ast,1 and Ast,2 are calculated for Mu,lim and
Mu2

Ast,1= pt,lim x b x d = 1320 mm2

𝑀𝑢2 241.33 𝑥 106
Ast,2= (𝑑−𝑑 ′ )
= = 1336.82 𝑚𝑚2
0.87 𝑓𝑦 0.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 ( 550−50 )

Total 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝐴𝑠𝑡1 + 𝐴𝑠𝑡2

Ast = 1320 + 1336.82 = 2656.82 mm2

𝑀𝑢 − 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 (450 − 208.67)𝑥106 0.48𝑥106

𝐴𝑠𝑐 = = =
𝑓𝑠𝑐 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ ) 𝑓𝑠𝑐 (550 − 50) 𝑓𝑠𝑐

As Per IS 456 : 2000 Cl G-1.2

0.0035(𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑑 ′ ) 0.0035 ( 264 − 50)

𝜀𝑠𝑐 = = = 0.00283
𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 264

From IS 456 : 2000 , Pg 70 Diagram 23A, we can find the stress equal to
0.00283

→ fsc=0.98 x fy = 0.98 x 415 = 406.7 N/mm2

→fyd = fsc/1.15 or 0.87 x fsc = 0.87 x 406.7 = 353.6522 ≡ 353.65 N/mm2 <
0.87fy OK

0.48 𝑥 106
𝐴𝑠𝑐 = = 1357.27 𝑚𝑚2
353.65
Calculation of number of steel bar in tension and compression zone:

Number of bars in Tension Zone:

Use 25mm dia bar

𝐴𝑠𝑡 2656.82
𝑛= = 𝜋 = 5.41 ≅ 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑥252
4
Number of bars in Compression zone:

Use 20 mm dia bar

𝐴𝑠𝑐 1357.27
𝑛= = 𝜋 = 4.32 ≅ 5 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝑎𝑠𝑐 𝑥202
4
Q 3. A Concrete beam has 300mm breadth and 500mm effective depth
and effective length 5m. Design the beam if it is subjected to a super
imposed load of 64 kN/m. Use M20 and Fe415 steel
Given:

b= 300mm, D= 500mm, effective length = 5m

Super imposed Load(wl) : 64kN/m

Let us assume cover to tensile reinforcement as 50mm and cover to

compressive reinforcement is 35mm, each to the center of reinforcement.

Effective Depth = 500 – 50 = 450mm, d’=35mm

Solution:

Load Calculation

Self-Weight of the beam (DL)=wself = 25 x 0.3 x 0.5 x 1 = 3.75 kN/m

Super Imposed Load(LL) = 64 kN/m

Total load on the beam(w) = 3.75+ 64 = 67.75 kN/m

Calculation of BM and Shear Force:

𝑤𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑙 2 3.75 𝑥 52
Maximum BM due to self-weight = = = 11.72 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
8 8

𝑤1 𝑙 2 64 𝑥 52
Maximum BM due to self-weight = = = 200 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
8 8

Total Bending moment = M = 11.72 + 200 = 211.72 kN – m

Ultimate Bending Moment= Mu= M x 1.5 = 211.72 x 1.5 = 317.58 kN-m

𝑤𝑙 67.5 𝑥 5
Maximum Shear force = = = 168.75 𝑘𝑁
2 2

Ultimate Shear force = 168.75 x 1.5 = 253.125 kN

Computation of limiting moment of resistance:

As Per IS 456: 2000 Pg No 70 The limiting value of neutral axis depth for

fy=415 MPa is 𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ⁄𝑑 = 0.48

 → 𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.48 𝑥 𝑑 = 0.48 𝑥 450 = 216𝑚𝑚

As Per IS 456: 2000 Cl No: G-1.1(c)

𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.36 (1 − 0.42 ) 𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑑 𝑑
= 0.36𝑥 0.48 (1 − 0.42 𝑥 0.48 )𝑥 300𝑥4502 𝑥20

= 167.62 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 < 317.58 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

Since Mu,lim<Mu

The section will be doubly reinforced.

For balanced section, 𝑝𝑡,𝑙𝑖𝑚 ≅ 0.96%.

Mu2= Mu – Mu,lim= 317.58 – 167.62 = 149.96 kN-m

As per IS-456:2000 Cl No: G-1.2 Ast,1 and Ast,2 are calculated for Mu,lim and
Mu2

Ast,1= pt,lim x b x d = 1296 mm2

𝑀𝑢2 167.96 𝑥 106
Ast,2= (𝑑−𝑑 ′ )
= = 1120.96 𝑚𝑚2
0.87 𝑓𝑦 0.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 ( 450−35 )

Total 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝐴𝑠𝑡1 + 𝐴𝑠𝑡2

Ast = 1296 + 1120.96 = 2416.96

𝑀𝑢 − 𝑀𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 (317.58 − 167.62)𝑥106 0.36𝑥106

𝐴𝑠𝑐 = = =
𝑓𝑠𝑐 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ ) 𝑓𝑠𝑐 (450 − 35) 𝑓𝑠𝑐

As Per IS 456 : 2000 Cl G-1.2

0.0035(𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑑 ′ ) 0.0035 ( 216 − 35)

𝜀𝑠𝑐 = = = 0.00293
𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 216

From IS 456 : 2000 , Pg 70 Diagram 23A, we can find the stress equal to
0.00293

→ fsc=0.98 x fy = 0.98 x 415 = 406.7 N/mm2

→fyd = fsc/1.15 or 0.87 x fsc = 0.87 x 406.7 = 353.6522 ≡ 353.65 N/mm2 <
0.87fy OK
 0.36 𝑥 106
𝐴𝑠𝑐 = = 1017.95 𝑚𝑚2
353.65

Calculation of number of steel bar in tension and compression zone:

Number of bars in Tension Zone:

Use 25mm dia bar

𝐴𝑠𝑡 2416.96
𝑛= = 𝜋 = 4.92 ≅ 5 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑥252
4
Number of bars in Compression zone:

Use 20 mm dia bar

𝐴𝑠𝑐 1017.95
𝑛= = 𝜋 = 3.24 ≅ 4 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝑎𝑠𝑐 𝑥202
4
Shear Reinforcement:

As per IS 456:2000 Cl No : 22.6.2, the critical section for shear is at a

distance ‘d’ from the face of the support.

Assume width of wall as 250mm

So, shear force at that distance = 235.125-67.75x1.5(0.25/2+.45)

= 176.69 kN

Nominal Shear Stress:

176.69 𝑥 103
ʈv= = 1.31 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2
300 𝑥 450
𝜋
𝑥252 𝑥5
4
%pt at support = 100 x = 1.8%
300 𝑥 450

As per IS 456:2000 table 19, the design shear strength of concrete ʈc at 1.8%
and M20 grade concrete, ʈc= 0.76 N/mm2

Since ʈv > ʈc Stirrups has to be designed

As per IS 456 2000 Cl No : 40.4 Spacing of vertical stirrups shall be

 0.87 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑
𝑠𝑣 =
𝑉𝑢 − ʈ𝑐 𝑏𝑑

Assume 2 legged 8mm dia strirrups are provided

𝜋 2
0.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑥8 𝑥450
= 4 = 220.45𝑚𝑚 ≅ 210𝑚𝑚
176.69 𝑥 103 − 0.76 𝑥 300 𝑥 450
Provide 2 legged 8mm dia @ 210mm c/c