Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Integrantes:
Curso:
Álgebra Lineal
MB165
Profesor:
Sección:
¨C¨
Tema:
2017
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
Problema 1:
Sea la matriz A ∈ M n ( R ) definida por:
( )
t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 0 0
−1 t 0 0 a 1
0 −1 t ⋱ 0 a 2
A=¿ ⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ 0 a 3
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮ ⋮
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ 0 a n−3
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ t a n−2
0 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 t +a n−1
−1 t 0 0 a 1
0 −1 t ⋱ 0 a 2
¿ A n∨¿ |⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ 0 a 3 |
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮ ⋮
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ 0 a n−3
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ t a
a)
n−2
0 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 t +a n−1
Si n=1:
→| A 1|=|t +a 0|→| A|=t +a0
Si n=2:
→| A 2|=
| t a0
−1 t+a 1 |
→| A|=t ( t +a1 ) + a0=t 2 +a1 t+ a0
Si n=3:
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| |
t 0 a0
→| A 3|= −1 t a1 →| A|=t ( t ( t+ a2 ) + a1 ) +a0
0 −1 t+a 2
→| A 3|=t 3 +a2 t 2+ a1 t +a 0
Para n=1:
1 1−1
→| A 1|=|t +a 0|→| A|=t +a0 =t +a 1−1 t
(( ) )
→| A k|=t t … ( t ( t ( t+ ak−1 ) +ak −2 ) + ak−3 ) … + a1 +a0
t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 0 a 0
−1 t 0 0 a 1
0 −1 t ⋱ 0 a 2
| Ak|=¿ |⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ 0 a 3 |
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮ ⋮
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ 0 ak−3
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ t ak−2
0 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 t +a k −1
t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 0 t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ a 0
−1 t 0 0 −1 t 0 a 1
0 −1 t ⋱ 0 0 −1 t ⋱ a 2
⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ 0
| Ak|=( t +ak−1 ) |
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮
| +¿ |⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ a 3
|
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ 0 ⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ a k −3
0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 a k−2
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t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ a 0
−1 t 0 a 1
0 −1 t ⋱ a 2
|⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ a 3
|
¿| Ak|−( t +ak−1 ) t k−1
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ a k −3
0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 a k−2
(( ) )
→| A k+1|=t t … ( t ( t ( t + ak ) + ak−1 ) +a k−2) … +a1 + a0
t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 0 a 0
−1 t 0 0 a 1
0 −1 t ⋱ 0 a 2
| Ak +1|=¿ |⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ 0 a 3 |
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮ ⋮
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ 0 a k−2
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ t a k−1
0 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 t +a k
t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 0 t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 a 0
−1 t 0 0 −1 t 0 0 a 1
0 −1 t ⋱ 0 0 −1 t ⋱ 0 a 2
|⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ 0 |
| Ak +1|=( t +a k ) +¿ |⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ 0 a 3
|
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ 0 ⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ a k−2
0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 a k−1
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t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 0
t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0
−1 t 0 0
−1 t 0 0
0 −1 t ⋱ 0 0 −1 t ⋱ 0
|⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ 0 | 0 −1
| Ak +1|=( t +a k ) +a k−1 |⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮ |
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ 0
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 t
0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 t
t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ a 0
−1 t 0 a 1
0 −1 t ⋱ a 2
+¿ |⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ ⋮ |
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ a k−3
0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 a k−2
| Ak +1|=t k+ 1+ ak t k +a k−1 t k−1 +t k + ak−1 t k−1 +a k−2 t k−2+ …+a1 t+ a0−t k −ak−1 t k−1
k+1 k k−1 k−2
→| A k+1|=t +a k t +ak −1 t + ak−2 t +…+ a1 t +a0
n n−1 n−2
∴| A n|=t +a n−1 t + an−2 t +…+ a1 t +a0 ; n ≥ 1
( )
t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 0 0
−1 t 0 0 a 1
0 −1 t ⋱ 0 a 2
A n=¿ ⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ 0 a 3
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮ ⋮
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ 0 a n−3
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ t a n−2
0 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 t +a n−1
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t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ a 0
−1 t 0 a 1
0 −1 t ⋱ a 2
|⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ a 3
|
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮
(n-1)x(n-1)
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ a n−3
0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 a n−2
t 0 0 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ a 0
−1 t 0 a 1
0 −1 t ⋱ a 2
|⋮ 0 −1 ⋱ ⋱ a 3
| ¿ | An|−( t+ an−1 ) t n−1
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮
⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋱ a n−3
0 0 ⋯ ⋯ 0 −1 a n−2
|An|−( t+ an−1 ) t n−1 =t n + an−1 t n−1+ an−2 t n−2 +…+ a1 t +a 0−t n−a n−1 t n−1
→| A n|−( t + an−1 ) t n−1=a n−2 t n−2+ …+a 1 t+ a0
Problema 2:
Si A ∈ R3 x2 , B es una matriz inversible e I es la matriz identidad (del
mismo orden que B ). Justifique si las siguientes matrices son
conmutativas:
−1
[( A ( A T
3
] [ 3
A ) AT ) −( A ( AT A ) AT )+ I −B y ( A ( AT A ) AT ) −( A ( AT A ) AT )+ I + B
−1 −1 −1 −1
]
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
Solución:
Sea:
[ −1 3
M = ( A ( AT A ) AT ) −( A ( AT A ) AT )+ I −B
−1
]
−1
[( ]
3
)
A ( A T A ) A T −( A ( A T A ) A T ) + I + B
−1 −1
N= ⏟
C
−1 −1
( AT A )( A T A ) =I → AT A ( A T A ) A T = A T → A T C= A T →C=I
M =[ ( I )3−( I )+ I −B ]=[ I −B ]
−1
N=[ ( I ) −( I ) + I + B ] =[ I + B ]
3 −1
[ I −B ] = 10 [ ][ ][ 1 ]
0 − a b = 1−a −b
c d −c 1−d
−1
] [[ ] [ ]] [
−1
[ I + B = 1 0 + a b = 1+a b
−1
0 1 c d c ]
1+d
|[ ]
−1 1 1+d −c
[I +B =
]
I + B −b 1+ a
|
|[ ][ ]
1 1−a −b 1+d −c
→ MN =
|I + B −c 1−d −b 1+ a
MN = [
1 1+ d−a−ad +b 2 a c−c−b−a
|I + B| bd−b−c−cd c 2+ 1+ a−d−ad ]
→ NM = [
1 1+d −c 1−a −b
|I + B| −b 1+ a −c 1−d ][ ]
NM = [
1 1−a+ d−ad +c 2 cd−c−b−bd
|I + B| ab−b−c−ac b 2+ a−ad+ 1−d ]
∴ M N ≠ NM (no es conmutativa)