ABACAHIN, MARIANNE ANGELI S.

BSCE – 5

14/09/2019

Quiz 1

PROBLEM:
A certain municipality has a total billed consumption of 548, 720 cubic meters in 2018. In the same year,
the total number of service connections or number of households served is 2, 647.

1.1 If a household has 5 members in average, calculate the average per capita water consumption for the
municipality in litres per day. (10pts)
548,720 𝑚3
𝐴𝑐 =
2,647
𝑚3
𝐴𝑐 = 207.29 (𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒)
𝑦𝑟
207.29 𝑚3 /𝑦𝑟
𝐴𝑐 =
5
Litres/ day:
𝑚3 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑦𝑟
𝐴𝑐 = 41.46 ∗ 1000 ∗
𝑦𝑟 𝑚3 360𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝐴𝑐 = 113.59 (𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛)
𝑑𝑎𝑦

1.2 If the annual population growth in the municipality is 1.65%, what is its projected population in the
year 2030? Use arithmetic and exponential method. Assume all households are supplied by the
municipal water system. (10pts)
Arithmetic method:
𝑚3 1000 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑊𝑑 = 1325 ∗ (548720 )∗( ) ∗ 2647
𝑦𝑟 365 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝑊𝑑 = 19223.33 𝑥 109 m^3/yr
Exponential Method:
𝑚3 1000 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑊𝑑 = 16132.96 ∗ (548720 )∗( ) ∗ 2647
𝑦𝑟 365 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝑊𝑑 = 64198.65 𝑥 109 litres/yr
𝑊𝑑 = 23432.51 𝑥 109 m^3/yr

1.3 Assuming there is only domestic consumption in the municipality, calculate the corresponding water
demand for the answers in 1.2. (10pts)

𝑃2030 = 𝑃2018 + 𝑘𝑇
𝑃2030 = 13235 + (0.0165 𝑥 12)
𝑃2030 = 13235.18 (𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 @ 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 2030)
ABACAHIN, MARIANNE ANGELI S.

BSCE – 5

14/09/2019

Prelim Exam

1. What are the consequences of overestimation and underestimation in planning and designing water
supply? (10pts)

Overestimation might affect the cost and budget of the supply and maintenance while underestimation
might affect the production and supply to the consumers which might make the project failure or delay
the project.

2. Enumerate and briefly discuss 5 methods of forecasting population mentioned in class. (10pts)

1. Arithmetic method – this method is based on hypothesis that the rate of growth is constant.
2. Uniform Percentage Method – the hypothesis of uniform percentage growth assumes rate of
increase which is proportional to population.
3. Curvilinear Method – This technique involves graphical projection to past population growth
curve.
4. Logistic method – Logistic curve is used for representation of modelling population.
5. Declining Growth Method – More like logistic method that assume that the city has a limiting
saturation population.

3. Why is metering important in a water supply system? (10pts)

Metering is important in a water supply system because it makes possible to charge customers in
proportion to the amount of water they use also allow the system to demonstrate water accountability
and fair for all customers because it record specific usage and lastly, it encourage customers to conserve
water (especially as compared to flat rates). Water metering also allow a utility system to monitor the
volume of finished water it puts out and aid in the detection of leaks and waterline breaks in the
distribution system. Without a meter, it costs the same to drive around the block as it does from New
York to Los Angeles.
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using deep wells? (10pts)

Advantages includes: tapping a deep and extensive aquifer, lesser fluctuation in water table that result to
a uniform yield and has a good water quality.

Disadvantages includes: Water can be contaminated from seepage aquifer if there is a presence of caverns
and fissures on rocks, the cost of construction, sometimes has a bad quality of water and the fact that
long underground driven of water may give it hard solids which result on a hard, corrosive and
undesirable.

5. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using aqueducts in conveying water. (10pts)

Advantages using aqueducts may include:

 Using local materials for construction like sand gravel or concrete

 Longer life of masonry than metal conduits
 Lower loss of carrying capacity with ages.

Disadvantages:

 Conduits must be built full size at first

 Balancing offcuts and fills