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Institutional Planning in India: Meaning, Definition, Objectives and Scope

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“Institutional planning is a programme of development and improvement prepared by an educational

institution on the basis of its felt needs and the resources available or likely to be available, with a view
to improving the school programme and school practices. It is based on the principle of optimum
utilisation of the resources available in the school and the community.” –M.B.Buch.

Education, Progress and Prosperity of a country have close links. It is upon education that the
development of a country rests. In the present times no county can think of social or economic
development without any proper planning in education. This fact has now been fully recognized. It is a
fact that an educationally advanced country is socially and economically advanced. This is possible only
through proper planning. To enable a nation to ascend on the ladder of progress the planning in
education is the primary condition. We plan for progress and prosperity.

In this regard, Confucius, an eminent educationist has rightly said that, “A man who does not think and
plan long ahead, will find trouble right at his door.” Planning is a purposeful action. The country plans for
the good of the country as a whole. It has certain objectives and ends to achieve. All the objectives are
directed towards the provision of the opportunities to the Indian masses to lead a good life. There is
democratic planning in India. It is centralised no doubt but its emphasis is on decentralised units at
village level. The same principle is also found in the field of education.

The goals of planning and education in a democratic country are similar. Both aim at good life of all the
citizens. Planning is the determinant and the determiner of education. Better education leads to better
planning and better planning leads to the tremendous development in education both in its view. The
Planning Commission has drawn a number of Five Year Plans of this country which have a great
significance to our educationists.
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The educator has objectives before him and he has to plan his own works, so that these objectives may
be fulfilled. This is all about the plans at the national level. The plans at the national level provide
direction and resources to the educationist. This planning helps him to bring qualitative and quantitative
improvement in education.

In drawing a plan of education for a national system of education of a country, the following two
approaches are available:

(i) A plan may be drawn at the central level on the basis of the resources available and the needs of the
country. In other words, in planning; a top-based approach may be followed.

(ii) Planning may begin at the level of an institution. First, a plan is drawn by each institution, second, a
consolidated plan is drawn at the Block level or District level on the basis of the plan drawn at
institutional level. Third, a consolidated plan is drawn at the state level integrating the district level plans.
Fourth, final plan at the national level is drawn for whole of the country incorporating the state plans.
The core of such planning is Institutional Planning.

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Meaning and Definitions of Institutional Planning:

In India the experts are now favouring the second approach. The new planning should commence mostly
from below. Some planning, of course, is needed from above also. Thus, planning should be a two- way
process. We should start with planning from below, from the very grass-roots, what we call,
“Institutional Planning”.

Each secondary school must have its own plan. Institutional planning has been treated as the basic unit
or grass-root level of the larger educational planning. When a plan is prepared by a particular institution
on the basis of its own development and improvement, we call it institutional planning.

According to M.B. Buch, “Institutional planning is a programme of development and improvement

prepared by an educational institution on the basis of its felt needs and the resources available or likely
to be available, with a view to improving the school programme and school practices. It is based on the
principle of optimum utilisation of the resources available in the school and the community.”

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The Indian Education Commission, 1964-66 opines that every educational institution can do a great deal
more through better planning and hard work to improve the quality of education within its existing
resources. As explained above, most of the planning needs to be done in the school itself.

The institutional plans should be drawn by the institution concerned with the active cooperation of the
teacher. To achieve this end, it is necessary that each institution should have a Planning Board. On this
Board teachers having some training in drawing out a plan, should be represented. It must be possible to
involve the staff, parents, students, inspecting officers and other educationists in the locality.

Objectives of Institutional Planning:

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The various aspects of education require a planned approach towards their development. The
educational planner has to fix the targets or objectives to be achieved within a given period of time, so
that the national objectives set forward, can be achieved.

The different objectives of Institutional Planning are mentioned below:

1. To provide equality of opportunities to all the pupils to get education.

2. To bring an accord between the development of an institution and national-level planning.

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3. To have all-round development and improvement of the school.

4. To make education productive, so that with education may come economic riches.

5. To make provision for utilisation of adequate available manpower of the institution.

6. To make education available to even the poorest of the citizens.

7. To provide an opportunity to the local community, school staff, students and teachers to join hands in
improving the institution.
8. To provide realistic and concrete ideas to institutional planning.

So the institutional planning should be based on certain predetermined objectives and all activities
planned should help directly or indirectly to achieve these ends. The objectives of institutional planning
should be in consonance with the district educational plan. It can be short term one or long-term one
depending upon the circumstances and needs of the school.

Scope of Institutional Planning:

The institutional plan seeks improvement in all directions. Institutional planning envisages a programme
of development in its own sphere. Thus, it must touch varied aspects of the organisation of secondary
schools.

The institutional planning must take the shape of an over-all scheme for the improvement of the school
in respect of the following:

(a) Improvement of the school campus:

(i) Provision of more facilities to the pupils like the supply of drinking water, sanitary facilities, mid-day
meals, medical facilities etc.

(ii) Collection of library books, magazines, journals; instructional materials and audio-visual aids for the
school.

(iii) Construction, maintenance and repair of school building.

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(b) Improvement of Academic Facilities:

(i) Dividing the curriculum in each subject into monthly and weekly units and sub-units.

(ii) Organisation of remedial teaching for slow-learners.

(iii) Organisation of seminars, conference etc. in the institution.

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(iv) Support to teacher-improvement programmes like in-service training.

refresher courses, orientation courses etc. for teachers.

(c) Improvement of Co-curricular activities:

(i) Organisation of physical activities in the school.

(ii) Organisation of literary activities like preparation of bulletin boards, wall magazine, improved
teaching aids and equipment’s.

(iii) Organisation of social service projects.

(d) School Improvement Projects:

(i) Functional Literacy programmes.

(ii) Adult education programme.

(iii) Organisation of S.U.P.W.

(iv) Maintenance of and love for ecological equilibrium.

Again, the institutional planning must include investigation and research in the form of Action Research
and Evaluation, conducted by the teacher in actual classroom situations on matters concerning teaching-
learning process.

It has been said earlier that the institutional planning should be drawn by the institution concerned, with
the active co-operation of the teacher. To achieve this end, it is necessary that each institution should
have a planning board. The headmaster or the principal of the school should be the chairman of this
Planning Board. Teachers having some training in drawing out a plan should be represented on this
Board. There should be separate sub-committee formed by the head of the Institution.

In case of every sub-committee, the senior teacher should remain in-charge. The Planning Board must
assess the needs of the school and prepare the long-term and short-term plans for the development. So
the institutional plan seeks improvement in all directions. For this purpose, the planning should be
systematic and scientific.

It should, therefore, be a working plan, based on the capacity of teachers the needs of the pupils and the
local community. If it is followed intensively, the teaching, organisation and administration becomes
systematic and effective one.

Related Articles:
The Procedure of Institutional Planning (Steps)

Educational Planning in India: Meaning and Definitions and Everything Else

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