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Technical Manual Chapter 2
C&C08 Digital SPC Switching System System Architecture
As shown in Figure 2-1, the entire C&C08 Switching System comprises several major
parts including the Administration Module (AM), Communication Module (CM) and
Switching Module (SM). AM can be further divided into the Front Administration Module
(FAM) and Back Administration Module (BAM). FAM provides the interface between
the Main Processing Unit (MPU) and the operation & maintenance terminal. Messaging
via FAM carries out the establishment of inter-SM connections. All inter-SM speech
channels must go through the central switching network in the FAM. BAM, adopting the
client\server mode, acts as the bridge between the Switching system and the open
Network system. BAM is connected to FAM directly through Ethernet interface/HDLC
links. It is the hub for connecting the C&C08 Switching System with the Computer
network. The Ethernet interface provided can be used to connect the BAM to a large
number of workstations. It also provides X.25/X.35 interfaces for connection to the
Network Management Center. CM mainly comprises the central switching network and
the optic communication interface, which is responsible for providing inter-module
signaling and speech channels.
SM is the core of C&C08 Switching System, providing functions such as distributed
database management, call handling, operations & maintenance etc. The single T
switching network in the SM can independently complete the inner-module switching
function. It can also coordinate with the central switching network in the AM/CM to
implement the inter-SM switching function. SM terminals can be analog subscriber line,
analog trunk line, digital subscriber line or digital trunk line. If classified in terms of
interfaces provided SMs can be classified into three types: User Switching Module
(USM), Trunk Switching Module (TSM) and User Trunk Module (UTM). SMs can also
be categorized into Local and Remote types according to the location and functions
offered.
Interfaces between AM/CM and SM include 40Mbit/s fiber interface, SDH interface,
and E1 interface, etc. Two pairs of active/standby or load-sharing 40Mbit/s fibers
connect CM and SM. FAM and BAM are connected by high-speed HDLC links.
Between BAM and operation & maintenance terminal, there are many interfaces such
as LAN, FDDI, V.24, V.35, etc.
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Communication
task Resource
management
Call
processing Operating task
task System
Database
Maintenance management
task task
Operating system is the core part of the software system. This belongs to the
system-level process, while other tasks are application-level processes based on the
operating system. The software system can be divided into multiple levels in the
concept of a virtual machine. The task system at low level is related to the hardware
platform. Task system at higher levels, instead of depending upon any specific
hardware platforms, encapsulates the hardware-related part in the core codes. This
makes the whole software easier to transplant and install. See Figure 2-3:
Layer 1
Operation system
Communication
task Layer 2
Resource
management task
Layer 3
Call Database
processing management
Maintenance
management Layer 4
Operating system refers to the system management program. The program managed
by operating system is called the application program. Operating system executes the
functions of task dispatch, memory management, file management, peripheral
management and user interface management. According to its dispatch strategy, an
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AM/CM
Resources referred to here, are hardware resources, which are related to switching
services (e.g. switching network, signal tone source, DTMF receiver, DTMF transmitter
and voice mail box, etc.). Resources management task completes the hardware
resources initialization, applying, releasing, maintenance and test. Specifically included
tasks are:
z Switching network management task
z Signal tone source management task
z DTMF receiver and transmitter management task
z Multi-frequency signal receiver and transmitter management task
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Call processing tasks complete specific call services. It can be divided into the
subscriber side task and network side task; these two levels are according to Q.931.
Subscriber side has the following tasks:
z Analog subscriber management
z Digital subscriber management
z Analog trunk management
z Digital trunk management
z SS7 signaling management [Telephone User Part (TUP), Integrated Services
Digital Network User Part (ISUP), Signaling Connection and Control Part (SCCP),
Transaction Capability Application Part (TCAP) and Message Transfer Part (MTP),
etc.]
z AN subscriber management
z PRI interface
z Packet network interface
z Operator management
z Channel Associated Signaling (CAS signaling) management
The state definition, state transition and message packet format at subscriber side and
network side are designed strictly according to ITU-T Q.931 recommendations. They
are realized by protocol engineering methods to guarantee the completeness and
correctness. Their relationship is as shown in Figure 2-6:
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Analog
subseriber
Digital
subscriber
AT2/AT4/AT0
/MTK/EM4
DT
Q.931
Network
No.7 signaling Subscriber
side
side Q.931
CAS signaling
Access network
Router or
ISDN PABX
Packet network
Computer
operator
Database management tasks are responsible for management of data of the whole
switching system (including configuration data, subscriber data, office data, network
management data and charging data). Tasks include: data storing and inquiring, data
maintenance, data update, data copy and data restoration.
A distributed database is used in C&C08 Switching System and it comprises relation
tables. Each relation table is independent and describes a group of related data.
C&C08 database provides other application tasks to enable convenient and quick
service. It has adopted a multi-level index mechanism and tree-structured searching
algorithm.
C&C08 database management systems are divided into two layers: RDBMS and
C&C08 application data, as in Figure 2-7:
Configuration
data
Subscriber
data
Office data RDBMS
Charging
Network
data
management
data
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Maintenance tasks enable the maintenance personnel to monitor and operate the
switching equipment. These are:
z Equipment management
z Alarm management
z Charging and ticket management
z Traffic statistics
z Line signaling supervision
z Call connecting process tracing
z Subscriber/trunk testing
z General message tracing
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Sometimes the expansion of capacity is on a smaller scale and does not require the
addition of an SM. In such cases, addition of subscriber frames alone can meet the
requirement. Then the newly added subscriber frames get connected to the
pre-reserved node communication lines and switching network HW cables. If new SM
is to be added, it can be configured independently without affecting other modules:
what is only necessary is to add a pair of optic interface boards in the AM/CM module
with their optic links connected to the added SM. In short, the modular design of the
C&C08 Switching System enables the smooth configuration & expansion of the system.
See Figure 2-8.
One single SM can serve as a single-SM exchange.
The capacity of the C&C08 Switching System can be smoothly expanded up to 800,000
lines.
Tertiary group
connection
In addition, provision is made during the design of the C&C08 Switching System, for
any possible future expansion of the system and extension of new services.
1) Extendable service functionality
Each hardware board only provides the internal and external interfaces. The software
executes the actual operations. Therefore, only software upgradation is necessary for
updating/adding of services and there is no need to replace any board. Simply loading
them with different software, many boards, which are the same in terms of hardware,
can be configured as boards supporting different services. 2) Extendable intelligence
services
The C&C08 integrates the Switching and Computer technologies. It is equipped with a
special board, called MEM, which provides the Ethernet interface and offers a good
platform for developing intelligent services such as the C&C08 Campus Board System.
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Local network in large cities Local network in medium and small cities
Branch, toll and urban Terminal/tandem switches
integrated, toll office
For C&C08 Switching System, an SM, connected with the AM/CM via two pairs of fiber
optics, can be co-located in the same equipment room with the AM/CM. Depending
upon the actual local network, USM can be remotely installed (within the range of 50 km
from the AM/CM module) and such a USM is referred to as Remote Switching Module
(RSM). Besides RSM, the C&C08 Switching System also provides other various types
of remote modules: Remote Subscriber Access module (RSA) and Remote Subscriber
Unit (RSU). Refer to Figure 2-10.
AN
Internet
Internet acess server ISDN
V5 ISUP/DSS1
PRI/No.7
X.25 V.24/V.35/E1/2BIQ
DDN
PSPDN PHI
PH
SSP C&C08 TUP/R2/No.5
E1
RSM PSTN
SDH
INAP
transmission CAS/No.7 CCS7 SCP
RSA
network
RSA
IP
SMS
FDMA ETS E1
BSC
SDP SCE
MSU BS
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Figure 2-10 C&C08 network construction based on the integrative network platform
Comprehensive and systematic measures have been adopted to ensure the reliability
of the software and hardware in the C&C08 Switching System.
z Key parts have the Active/Standby Redundant mode to ensure the reliability.
z Multi-processor redundancy is adopted to further improve the system reliability.
z Distributed processing.
z Mutually assisting mode.
z Flash memory is used for permanent storage of programs and static data. Data
restoration takes less than 3 minutes.
z ASIC technique is adopted for boards to simplify the system and enhance the
stability of parts.
z Object-oriented software designing.
z Perfect board test function, supporting online board test.
It is necessary to note that the reliability design of the C&C08 is based on the following
reliability guaranteeing features:
z Strictly conforming to Software Engineering Control Development Test
z ISO 9001
z Strict and careful validation and selection of components
z 72-hour aging of boards and the entire equipment
z Advanced workmanship and strict quality control
z Reliable after-sales service
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90%
40%
Figure 2-11 Relationship between the CPU occupation rate and calls per hour
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2.5.2 V5 Interface
The standard V5 interface is provided between the C&C08 Switching System and its
access network. The V5 interface is categorized into the V5.1 and V5.2 interface. The
V5.1 interface supports 2Mbit/s access (e.g. wireless access loop). The V5.2 interface
supports n×2Mbit/s access (n=2~16).
Features of C&C08 interfaces are:
z Standard, open and able to connect to any access network device equipped with
this kind of interface.
z High reliability: The V5 protocol has protection rules. Besides, two active/standby
signaling links can be mounted on the same interface.
z High signaling load capacity: Each protocol board possesses two microprocessors,
which are able to handle 8 HDLC links simultaneously. Each link can handle a
traffic load of 3,000 circuits.
z High maintainability: The V5 interface is able to carry out the maintenance
management, both locally and remotely, with the real-time monitoring of the V5
signaling and connecting processes.
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The standard V5 interface provided by the C&C08 can be connected to the AN device
equipped with the standard V5 interface through the 2M port on the DTM board. The
processing of the V5 protocol is carried out by the LAP. The digit receiving function for
the AN subscribers is performed by the DTR board.
The architecture of the V5 interface unit is illustrated in Figure 2-12.
SM
LAP
M D V5.2/V5.1
P NET T AN
U M
DTR
The Internet access functional frame is introduced in the C&C08 SM module to add an
Internet access handling unit, which can simultaneously handle services such as voice
communication, Internet access, IP phone service, etc. Each access functional frame
can provide 240 access terminals and the total capacity can reach up to 11,520 access
terminals (in the case of SS7 Signaling) or 7,680 access terminals (in the case of ISDN,
PRA). Figure 2-13 shows the architecture of the Internet access handling unit.
User frame
DT frame
. Internet access
. function frame
.
MPU frame
MPU frame
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A2
PSTN C&C08
B2
C&C08
A1
Call center
C&C08
B1
A3 B3 Centrex A
Operator
A1 B1
Can surrogate Centrex A operator
Extension A2 Extension B2 ······
Can surrogate Centrex B operator
A3 B3
Operator Centrex A operator ······ ······
Apart from all the basic services and supplementary services provided for the public
network subscribers, the Centrex subscribers also enjoy a series of value-added
services provided by Centrex, e.g.
1) Direct Inward Dialing (DID) from the outside subscriber to the Centrex subscriber.
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2) In the case of an outgoing call initiated from the Centrex subscriber to an outside
subscriber: after having dialed the Centrex access code, the subscriber can
choose either to hear or not to hear the secondary dial tone before dialing the
outside-Centrex number, corresponding to DOD1 and DOD2 (Direct Outward
Dialing) respectively.
3) The number of call categories is increased.
z Intra-Centrex outgoing call
z Intra-Centrex incoming call
z Centrex-outgoing call
z Centrex-incoming call
4) To call the operator: Centrex subscribers can dial either the operator's inquiry
number or the operator extension number.
5) Functions of Centrex operator
z Call queuing
z Assisting Centrex subscribers to dial out or transfer incoming calls from the
outside to the Centrex subscribers.
z Night service
z Forced connection or disconnection when the called party is busy.
6) Call center functions
One centralized call center can be set up to serve the whole network with its operators
being the ‘public operator’ available to all the Centrex groups. Some Centrex groups
may not have their own console operator, in such a case, the operator services can be
handed over to the centralized call center. Functions of the operator in the centralized
call center are the same with those in a single Centrex group.
Functions available in Centrex include: Intra-Centrex call, grouping of Centrex
subscribers, direct Centrex-inward dial-in, Centrex-incoming call barring,
Centrex-incoming call diversion, Centrex-outgoing call, Intra-Centrex call inhibition,
secondary dial tone for the intra-Centrex outgoing call, multi-level inhibition on the
intra-Centrex outgoing call, incoming call barring, and outgoing call barring. The
Centrex short directory number supports 8 digits.
The C&C08 CENTREX also provides many supplementary services for business
networks. These services include: Abbreviated Dialing, Hotline, Alarm Service,
Absence Subscriber Service, Do-not-disturb service, Outgoing Call Barring, Malicious
Call Tracing, Registered Call, Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU), Call Forwarding
No Reply (CFNR), Call Waiting, Callback on Busy, Three-Party Service, Conference
Call, Assigned Call Pickup, Co-group Pickup, Centrex-to-Centrex Call Barring, Calling
Number Disabled, Dial Number Barring, Secretary Service, Secretary Station Service,
Activation Call Forwarding Table, Operator Forced Disconnect, Operator Supervision,
Operator Intrusion, Immediate Hotline, Remote Setting of CFU, Remote Setting of Call
Forwarding Busy, Remote Setting of CFNR, Modify Password, Private Line Call, Trunk
Forced Disconnection, Record/Play Voice, etc.
ISDN has become the primary way to provide integrated services of voice, data, image,
etc. C&C08 Switching System provides three kinds of ISDN interface: 2B+D BRI,
30B+D PRI and PHI.
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The 2B+D BRI conforms to the ITU-T G.960 recommendation. Each DSL board
provides 8 ports. The processor on the board handles the first layer and second layer
protocols, while the MPU on the SM handles the third layer protocol.
The 30B+D PRI interface conforms to the ITU-T G.703 recommendation. D signaling
channel, connecting to the LAP via the switching network, can be activated after the SM
processor has downloaded the PRA protocol handling software packet.
The design principles of the PHI interface are similar to those of the 30B+D interface.
The difference is that the downloaded protocol handling software packet is the PHI
protocol in conformity with the ETSI300-099 standard.
The C&C08 ISDN supports the circuit and packet switching services as well as various
ISDN supplementary services and user terminal services. It is applicable in various
fields like television conference, live broadcasting, desktop conference system,
multi-user screen sharing, high-speed file transmission, extension and interconnection
of Intranets, Internet access, G4 fax machine, tele-diagnosis & treatment as well as
serving as the backup for the DDN private line, etc. See Figure 2-15.
Bearer service
The C&C08 can introduce more local intelligent services, which are more suitable to
fulfill the requirements of the telecommunications sector. The system structures and
interfaces of C&C08 all conform to the standard intelligent network specifications, so
that it is able to provide services-of local cable network. Intelligence level of local
networks can be improved quickly without frequent upgrading of the Exchanges.
These characteristics of the C&C08 Switching System qualifies it to be an ideal solution,
which is economically viable and at the same time, can extend local special services
without any time delay.
2.
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