LEE AND WHITE METHOD normal control at the same time the patient’s specimen is
obtained.
Principle: The coagulation time of whole blood is the
length of time required for a measured amount of blood
to clot under specific conditions.
Specimen: Fresh whole blood, 4 ml. A two-syringe
technique is preferable, drawing 1 to 2 ml of blood in the
first syringe and discarding.
PROTHROMBIN TIME
 screening for extrinsic coag, course of oral anticoag
therapy, least sensitive to deficiency of factor II
 Normal – 10-12 s
Principle: The calcium in whole blood is bound by
sodium citrate, thus preventing coagulation. Tissue
thromboplastin, to which calcium has been added, mixed
with plasma and clotting time is noted.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Testing should be
performed within 2 hrs after the specimen is drawn when
the plasma is maintained at room temperature and within
2 to 5 days when the plasma is stored at -20°C.
ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN
TIME
 screening for intrinsic coag, inhibitors, monitor
heparin therapy
 Normal – 25-35 s
Principle: The calcium in whole blood is bound by
sodium citrate, thus preventing coagulation. The plasma,
after centrifugation, which contains all intrinsic factors
except calcium and platelets. Calcium as an activator and
phospholipid substitute for platelets are added to plasma.
The time required for the plasma to clot is the activated
partial thromboplastin time.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood
PLASMA RECALCIFCATION TIME
(PLASMA CLOTTING TIME)
 intrinsic coag, deficiency of platelets not detected
 Normal – 90-250 s
Principle: Calcium chloride (to replace the calcium
bound by anticoag) is added to platelet-poor plasma and
clotting time is determined.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Obtain blood for use as a
STYPVEN TIME (RUSSEL’S VIPER VENOM
TIME)
 To detect deficiency of prothrombin, fibrinogen,
factor V and X, factor VII not detected
 Normal - 6-10 s
Principle: Russel viper venom is a thromboplastin like
substance that activates Factor X. This reagent is added
to plasma, together w platelets and calcium chloride,
activating coagulation process, with subsequent
conversion of prothrombin t thrombin and fibrinogen to
fibrin. Deficiencies in Factor V, X, and prothrombin may
be detected.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Testing should be
performed within 2 hrs of blood collection. If this is not
possible, refriferate the plasma and test w/in 4 hrs ir
freeze plasma at -20°C if testing is to be performed after
4 hrs.
REPTILASE TIME
 reptilase found in venom of Bothrops atrox snake,
conerts fibrinogen to fibrin and is unaffected by
heparin. Test for functional fibrinogen when
thrombin time is prolonged due to heparin
 Dysfibrinogenemia- prolonged thrombin and
reptilase time
 Normal - 10-15 s
Principle: When reptilase is added to plasma, it acts by
releasing fibrinopeptide A from the fibrinogen molecule.
The resultant monomers polymerize end to end, forming
a clot.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Testing shoul be
performed w/in 4 hrs of collection. If this is not possible,
freeze the specimen at -20°C.
THROMBIN TIME
 Measure the availability of functional fibrinogen,
sensitive detecting heparin inhibition, normal
prolonged- newborn, multiple myeloma.
 Normal – 10-14 s
Principle: A measured amount of thrombin is added to
plasma. Length of time to form a clot is measure and
recorded as thrombin time.
Justine Gayon (jgayon102@gmail.com)
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Specimen should be
stored at 2 to 8°C as soon as collected, and the test
performed within 4 hrs. The PPP may be frozen at -20°C
or lower.
PREKALLIKREIN (FLETCHER FACTOR)
SCREENING TEST
Principle: Patients with Fletcher factor deficiency will
have a prolonged APTT. If the plasma + APTT reagent
mixture is incubated for 10 mis (instead of routine 3 or 5
mins), the prolonged APTT will be shortened, or almost
normal, if the def is due to Fletcher factor.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Immediately after blood
collection, place the tube of blood in a cup of crushed ice
and deliver to the lab.
FACTOR XIII SCREENING TEST
 When factor XIII is present, the fibrin clot formed is
INSOLUBLE in 5 M Urea and 1%
monochloroacetic acid when left standing for 24 hrs.
Generally, a level of 1% of factor XIII is sufficient
to make the clot insoluble to urea
Principle: The patient’s plasma is clotted by the addition
of calcium chloride. Urea (5 M) is added to the clot. If
Factor XIII is absent in the patient’s plasma, the clot is
dissolved in less than 24 hrs.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood
FACTOR IDENTIFICATION (PT AND APTT
SUBSTITUTION TEST)
Principle: An APTT or PT is performed on the patient’s
plasma diluted 1:1 with:
1.) Adsorbed plasma (Factors V, VIII, XI, and XII)
2.) Aged serum (Factors VII, IX, X, XI and XII)
3.) Sodium chloride, 0.85%
4.) Normal control plasma
The patients undiluted plasma is also tested in the same
manner. Specific coag may be detected by noting which
reagent corrects the APTT or PT.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood
QUANTITATIVE FIBRINOGEN
Principle: An excess amount of thrombin is added to
specimen of diluted plasma and the clotting time is
noted. Concentration of fibrinogen in the unknown
sample by comparing results with clotting times of
standard reference using known amounts of fibrinogen.
The clotting time is inversely proportional to the conc of
fibrinogen. The higher the clotting time, the lower the
fibrinogen concentration.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood
FACTOR V (II, VII, X) ASSAY
Principle: PT is performed on factor V deficient
substrates containing varying dilutions of patient’s
plasma. The amount of correction by the patient’s
plasma correlates with its factor activity level and is
compared to the results of PT performed on varying
dilutions of an assayed reference plasma. The factor V
content of the patient’s plasma is expressed as the
percentage of normal.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood
FACTOR VIII (VIII:C) (IX, XI, XII) ASSAY
Principle: APTT is performed on factor VIII deficient
substrates containing varying dilutions of patient’s
plasma. The amount of correction by the patient’s
plasma correlates with its factor activity level and is
compared to the results of APTT performed on varying
dilutions of an assayed reference plasma. The factor VIII
content of the patient’s plasma is expressed as the
percentage of normal.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Place specimen in a cup of
ice immediately after collection.
VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR ANTIGEN
(vWF:Ag)
> specific antigenic determinant (vWF:Ag)
> hemophilia A: decreased factor VIII:C, normal to
increase (vWF:Ag)
> von Willebrand disease: decrease to normal both
Principle: Plasma dilutions containing the vWF antigen
are incubated in microwells coated with rabbit anti-vWF
Ab. During incubation, the plasma vWF Ag binds to the
anti-vWF Ab. The anti vWF peroxidase conjugate (rgnt
2) is added, which binds to the free vWF Ag forming a
“sandwich”. The bound peroxidase acts on substrate
orthophenylenediamine in the presence of H202 to
Justine Gayon (jgayon102@gmail.com)
produce a color change that is directly proportional to
the conc. of vWF Ag present in the plasma.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Centrifuge specimen at
2500x for 10 minutes. Plasma may be stored at 20°C for
8 hrs or for 1 month at -20°C.
RISTOCETIN COFACTOR ASSAY
 property of the plasma vWF, resp for in vito platelet
agglutination in the precense of ristocetin.
Decreased- assoc w/ vW syndrome
Principle: Patient’s plasma is added to a standardized
mixture of platelets and ristocetin reagent. The degree of
resultant platelet aggregation is measured by platelet
aggregometer. This result is then compared to a curve
prepared from a normal reference plasma, and the %
conc. of ristocetin cofactor determined.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Plasma may be
refrigerated for up to 8 hrs prior to testing or frozen at -
20°C or lower for up to 8 wks.
HEPARIN (ANTI-Xa) ASSAY
 heparin binds with anti-thrombin III- immendiate
anticoag effect; chromogenic method for assaying
the amount of heparin present in plasma.
Principle: Patient’s plasma (containing heparin) is
incubated with a measured amount of anti-thrombin III
and factor Xa. A complex of heparin, anti thrombin III,
and factor Xa is formed. Substrate reagent is added to
the mixture and during incubation the remaining factor
Xa catalyzes the release of paranitroanilide from the
chromogenic substrate. It is the measured by
spectrophotometer. Inversely proportional to the amount
of heparin. The O.D. of each plasma is read from a
reference curve to determine the conc of heparin present
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. The blood specimen
should be centrifuge at 10 – 20°C within1 hr of
collection and should not sit for more than 2 hrs at 2 to
8°C. the plasma may be frozen rapidly and stored for up
to 30 days.
FIBRINOGEN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS
 primary fibrinolysis, DIC with secondary
fibrinolysis, Thrombo-Wellcotest procedure
Principle: Whole blood is added to thrombin(ensure
clotting) and soya bean enzyme inhibitors (prevent
breakdown of fibrin). After complete clotting, the
patient’s serum is diluted and mixed with latex particles
coated with anti-FDP. If FDP are present, agglutination
will occur.
Specimen: Using a clean, dry syringe, obtain 2 ml of
blood from the patient and transfer immediately to the
sample collection tube. these tubes may be also used
with a Vacutainer system and will draw 2 ml of blood.
As soon as the blood is in the tube, mix well by inverting
several times
D-DIMER TEST FOR FIBRIN DEGRADATION
PRODUCTS
 Fibrinosticon procedure
Principle: A dilution of the patient’s plasma is mixed
with latex particles coated with monoclonal antibodies to
D-dimer. If FDP containing the D-dimer are present,
agglutination will occur.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. This tube should be drawn
last during phlebo. The plasma is stable for 4 hrs at room
temp, 8 hrs at 2 to 8°C and for 1 month at -20°C. cen
also be collected in heparin, EDTA, K oxalate.
F.S. TEST FOR SOLUBLE FIBRIN MONOMER
COMPLEXES
> presence of SFMC in the plasma indicated that
thrombin has been generated.
Principle: Citrated plasma is incubated with RBC coated
with fibrin monomers. The presence of soluble fibrin
monomer complexes in the plasma will cause the red
cells to agglutinate. This will not occur in normal
plasma.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Venepuncture should be
clean and tissue contamination must be avoided to
prevent false positive rxns. Perform the test immediately
after collection.
ETHANOL GELATION TEST
 detect presence of fibrin monomers in plasma,
screening for DIC, distinguish from primary
fibrinolysis
Principle: During the process of DIC, the level of fibrin
monomer in the blood increases. Sodium hydroxide is
added to the plasma to increase the pH to above 7.70.
Ethyl alcohol, added to plasma, will cause ppt of any
fibrin monomers which may be present.
Justine Gayon (jgayon102@gmail.com)
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Obtain blood for a normal
control at the same time the patient’s specimen is drawn.
PROTAMINE SULFATE
> detect fibrin monomers by causing the formation of
fibrin strands or gel like clots (paracoagulation)
> normal plasma, no fibrin monomer
Principle: Patient and control plasma are mixed with
varying dilutions of protamine sulfate. Each tube is
incubated at room temp for 30 mins and then observed
for fibrin strand or gel formation. The protamine sulfate
causes gel formation of fibrin monomers or early fibrin
slit products when they are present in plasma.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Obtain blood for a normal
control at the same time the patient’s specimen is drawn.
Perform test immediately after collection.
CLOT LYSIS
 for increased fibrinolysis, detect large amount of
fibrinolytic activity
Principle: One of the tubes in clotting time is left in
incubator at 37 C and inspected for 8, 24, and 48 hrs.
Second tube is placed in refrigerator right after clotting
for control. If the incubated tube become fluid in less
than 48 hrs, confirm by filtering. If the refrigerated clot
is still intact, it may assumed that the clot lysis has taken
place inside the incubator. If the refrigerated clot has
also disapperead, it may due to deficiency rather than
clot lysis for both tubes. “If no lysis in both thubes,
report no lysis after 48 hrs”
EUGLOBULIN CLOT LYSIS TIME
> screening fibrinolytic activity, more sensitive than clot
lysis, euglobulin fraction contains plasminogen,
plasminogen activator, and fibrinogen.
> normally, clot lysis does not occur in less than 1 hr.
Clot lysis in less time is indicative of abnormal
fibrinolytic activity.
Principle: Addition of 1% acetic acid to diluted plasma
causes the euglobulin portion of the plasma to
precipitate. After removing the supernatant, the
euglobulins are dissolved in a buffer solution. Thrombin
is added in order to clot the euglobulins. The clot is
incubated at 37 C, time of complete clot lysis is noted.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Place it on ice after
collection. Obtain blood for a normal control at the same
time the patient’s specimen is drawn. Perform test
immediately after collection.
CIRCULATING ANTICOAGULANT
(INHIBITORS)
> specific inhibitors: Abs that are directed against
specific coagulation factors, assoc. with bleeding
> nonspecific inhibitors: lupus anticoags, paraproteins,
FDP; not directed to single coag factor, Lupus anticoag
directed against phospholipids, not associated with
bleeding
> 2 most common: Factor VIII and lupus inhibitor.
Inhibitors are usually detected by prolonged APTT or
PT, wc is not corrected by addition of normal plasma.
Principle: The test is performed in methods where there
is an abnormal result (APTT or PT). In the presence of
an inhibitor, there will be little to no correction of the
clotting time when the patient’s plasma is mixed with
normal plasma. If a factor deficiency exists, since only
50% of plasma factors are necessary for normal
coagulation, the clotting time will show significant
correction when mixed with normal plasma.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood
PLATELET NEUTRALIZATION PROCEDURE
 detects lupus anticoag; increased amount of
phospholipid is added to the test system to minimize
the effect of the phospholipid-dependent anticoag,
which produces a shortened clotting time.
Principle: The patient’s platelet poor plasma is mixed
with a suspension of ruptured platelets, APTT rgnt and
calcium chloride. Clotting tie is noted and compared
with (1) similar structure substituting sodium chloride
for platelets , and (2) an APTT performed on the same
plasma sample. If a lupus inhibitor is present, the effects
of the anticoag will be decreased or bypassed by the
freeze-thawed platelets and the clotting time will be
shorter than the clotting times of both the mixture
containing saline and original APTT.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood
DILUTE RUSSEL VIPER VENOM TEST
> major type of antiphospholipids of Lupus Anticoag:
cardiolipin.
Justine Gayon (jgayon102@gmail.com)
> LA has no anticoag effect in vivo; not assoc with
bleeding
Principle: DVVtest reagent – single vial (Russell’s vper
venom, calcium, limited conc of phospholipid. RVV in
the presence of of factor V, phospholipid and calcium
will activate factor X, and begin the coagulation
mechanism till thrombin formation. When this reagent is
added to plasma containing a LA, some of the
phospholipid will be neutralized by LA, thus limiting
the amount of phospholipid available for coag thus
prolonging the clotting time.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Do not use excessively
hemolyzed plasma, heparinized plasma or samples with
clots. Adjust the anticoag to blood ration if the HCT is
<20% or >60%.
INHIBITOR ASSAY
> Neutralizing inhibitors (Factor V, VIII, IX, XI, and
XIII, fibrinogen, and vWF) : inhibit fibrin formation by
acttacking the active sites of enzymes or cofactors.
> Non-neutralizing inhibitors (Abs to factor VIII, and X,
prothrombin and vWF) bing to the NONactive sites of
enzymes and form complexes that are rapidly cleared by
the body.
FACTOR VIII INHIBITOR ASSAY (BETHESDA
METHOD)
Principle: In the presence of an inhibitor, some or all
factor VIII activity in the normal pooled plasma of the
mixture (patient:NPP) will be inhibited. Mixtures are
incubated at 37 C for 2 hrs. Factor VIII is measured in
all tubes. Residual factor (Factor VIII not destroyed or
neutralized by inhibitor) is determined by comparing the
difference between the factor activity of the patient:NPP
mixture with that of the NPP. Convert. One Bethesda
unit of inhibitor inactivates 50% of the factor VIII
activity present in 1ml of normal plasma in 2 hrs at 37°C
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood
ANTITHROMBIN III
 chromogenic assay
Principle: The test plasma containing anti-thrombin III
is diluted in the presence of heparin and incubated with
an excess amount of thrombin. The antithrombin III
present in the plasma will neutralized the thrombin by
forming an antithrombin III-thrombin-heparin complex.
Upon addition of substrate, the remaining thrombin will
catalyze the release of paranitroanilide from the
substrate. The amount of this will be measure
spectrophotometrically. Inversely proportional to the
amount of antithrombin III. The optical density of each
plasma is read from a reference curve to determine the
conc of antithrombin III present.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. As soon as blood is
obtained, the plasma should be removed and placed in
ref temp. testing must be done within 4 hrs and may be
frozen for 30 days without the loss of antithrombin III
activity.
PLASMINOGEN ASSAY
Principle: The patient’s plasma is incubated with an
excess of streptokinase rgnt. There will be plasminogen-
streptokinase complex. When the substrate is added to
the plasma-streptokinase mixture, the plasmin-like
activity present will release Para-nitroaniline (pNA)
from the substrate. The pNA is measured
spectrophotometrically and is directly proportional to the
amount of plasminogen present in the plasma. Conc of
plasminogen is read from a Reference curve.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Testing must be done
within 4 hrs and may be frozen for 30 days without the
loss of Plasminogen activity.
PROTEIN C CHROMAGENIC METHOD
Principle: Plasma is incubated with the protein C
activator. Upon addition of substrate, activated protein C
will release pNA. Measured. Directly proportional to the
conc of Protein C. Reference curve.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Plasma is stable for 8 hrs
at room temp or 3 months at -20°C.
PROTEIN C CLOTTING ASSAY
Principle: The amount of protein C in plasma is related
to the degree of correction obtained when diluted plasma
is incubated with protein C deficient plasma in the
presence of protein C activator. The activated protein C
inhibits factor V and VIII, thus prolonging APTT. The
clotting time obtained for each plasma dilution in
inversely proportional to the percentage of protein C
activity read by a calibration curve.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Plasma may be stored for
8 hrs at 20°C, 2 days at 2 to 8 °C and 1 month at -20°C.
Justine Gayon (jgayon102@gmail.com)
protein C levels will be decreased when the Px is
receiving oral anticoag therapy.
PROTEIN S (ELISA METHOD)
Principle: Plasma dilutions containing protein S antigen
are incubated in microwells coated with anti-protein S
antibody. During incubation, the plasma protein S
antigen binds to the anti-protein S Ab. The anti-protein S
peroxidase conjugate (rgnt 2) is added which will bind to
the free antigenic determinants of protein S, forming a
“sandwich”. The bound enzyme peroxidase acts on
OPD, in the presence of H2O2 to produce a color change
that is directly proportional to the conc of protein S Ag
seen in plasma.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Centrifuge at 2500 x for
10 mins. Plasma may be stored for 8 hrs at 20°C and 1
month at -20°C.
FREE PROTEIN S
Principle: The protein S bound to C4b BP is removed
from the plasma by ppting with polyethylene glycol.
Following incubation with this chemical, the supernatant
plasma contains only free protein S, which is assayed
using the same procedure describes for total protein S.
PROTEIN S CLOTTING ASSAY
Principle: The percentage of functional protein S
present in plasma is determined by the degree of
prolongation of the clotting time obtained when diluted
plasma is incubated with protein S deficint plasma in the
presence of activated protein C and factor Va. Free
protein S in the patient’s plasma acts as a cofactor of
activated protein C, thus enhancing anticoag effect of
protein C on factor Va. The clotting time obtained for
each plasma dilution is inversely proportional to the
percentage of protein S activity.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Plasma may be stored for
8 hrs at 20°C, 2 days at 2 to 8 °C and 1 month at -20°C.
Functional protein S levels will be decreased when the
Px is receiving oral anticoag therapy.
BLEEDING TIME
>screening test for disorders of platelet function and von
Willebrand disease.
Principle: A blood pressure cuff is placed on the
patient’s arm above the elbow, inflated, and maintained
at a constant pressure throughout the procedure. One/two
standardized incisions are made on the volar surface of
the forearm. The length of time required for the bleeding
to stop is recorded.
TOURNIQUET TEST (CAPILLARY FRAGILITY
TEST)
Principle: An inflated blood pressure cuff on the upper
arm is used to apply pressure on capillaries for 5 mins.
The arm is examined for petechiae.
CLOT RETRACTION
>Retraction: serum is expressed from the clot, and the
clot becomes denser.
>abnormal: Glanzmann, thrombocytopenia,
paraproteinemias
Principle: Fresh whole blood is placed in a 37C water
bath and inspected at 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours, for the
presence of retracted clot.
PLATELET AGGREGATION
 ADP
Principle: PRP is placed in a test well of the platelet
aggregometer. An aggregating reagent is added to PRP,
at the same time, optical density is measured. As the
platelets in the plasma clump, the plasma becomes more
clear and light transmittance through the specimen
increases. These changes in optical density are recorded
by the instrument in the form of a graph. The
aggregometer also calculates the slope of the aggregation
curve and the amount (%) of platelet aggregation.
Specimen: all specimens must be drawn in plastic
syringe. Obtain 9 ml of whole blood and immediately
transfer to a plastic test tube containing 1 ml of 0.109 M
sodium citrate. Mix the tubes well. Collect a specimen of
blood from a normal control in the same manner at the
same time the patient’s blood is obtained.
PLATELET ADHESIVENESS TEST
SALZMANN METHOD
Principle: A platelet count is performed on both
specimens of blood. The number of platelets collected
through the glass bead collecting system, will be lower
than the number obtained in routine venipuncture. This
is because platelets have adhered to the column of the
glass beads due to their adhesive characteristics. The
results of this procedure are expressed as the percentage
of platelets retained in the glass bead.
Specimen: 1 tube of whole blood collected by routine
procedure using vacutainer assembly with a 20-gauge
Justine Gayon (jgayon102@gmail.com)
needle and drawing the blood directly into an EDTA
vacuum tube. A 2nd blood specimen is collected through
the glass bead collecting system directly into EDTA
tube.
HEPARIN ASSOCIATED
THROMBOCYTOPENIA TEST (HATT TEST)
Principle: Patient’s plasma is incubated with PRP from
a normal control in the presence of heparin. The degree
of platelet aggregation observed is measured by an
aggregometer and compared to aggregation obtained in
the absence of heparin. If the heparin induced antibody is
present, platelet aggregation will occur in the presence of
heparin.
Specimen: Citrated plasma: 1 part 0.109 M sodium
citrate to 9 parts whole blood. Obtain a 10ml specimen.
Blood must be collected after the discontinuation of
heparin. Obtain blood specimen from a type O donor
who has not had aspirin or aspirin containing cmpds w/in
8 days.

Justine Gayon (jgayon102@gmail.com)