ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project is one of the most productive and knowledgeable experience in my engineering
carrier. It provided us opportunity to improve our basic skills and practical aspects which
is the primary requirement of today’s company and organisation. It is my pleasure to be
indebted to various people, who directly or indirectly contributed in the development of
this work and who influenced my thinking, behaviour, and acts during the course of study.
I am also thankful to Mr. Gautam Gupta, mentor, for his support, cooperation, and
motivation provided to me during the training for constant inspiration, presence and
blessings.

I would express my sincere gratitude to Mrs. Richa Gaur (HOD, ECE) and faculty of
Electronics and Communication Department for providing us such opportunity to gain
knowledge of the electronics subject.

(Fenn Ignatius Saji)

8515004

(Sushant Singh)
8515005

(Sonu)
8515006

(Kamal Bindal)
8515007

iii

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page No.
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Literature Overview 2
1.2 AIM 2
1.3 Description 3
2 Project Work 4
2.1 Hardware Requirement 5
2.2 Introduction to embedded system 5
2.3 Motor 12
2.4 Switch 16
2.5 Timer & Counter 17
2.6 ADC 23
2.7 SPI 25
2.8 USART 27
2.9 Interrupt 30
2.10 GSM 33
2.11 Ultrasonic Sensor 36
2.12 Buzzer 39
3 Navigator Belt 40
3.1 What is Navigator Belt? 38
3.2 Working 41
3.3 Programming Code 44
3.4 Conclusion 46
3.5 Advantages 46
3.6 Future Scope 46
4 Reference 47

iv

 LIST OF FIGURES

S. No. Title Page No.

1.1 Block Diagram 2
2.1 Pin Diagram of Atmega16 9
2.2 DC Motor 12
2.3 Servo Motor 13
2.4 Stepper Motor 14
2.5 Working of Stepper Motor 15
2.6 Switch 16
2.7 ADC 23
2.8 Steps of ADC 24
2.9 SPI 25
2.10 USART 29
2.11 ISR 31
2.12 GSM 33
2.13 GSM module 34
2.14 Ultrasonic Sensor(HC-SR04) 36
2.15 Buzzer 39
3.1 Project Model 1 42
3.2 Project Model 2 42
3.3 Project Architecture 43