SRI RAMAKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

COIMBATORE-10

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING

080230002 - COMPUTER PRACTICE LABORATORY-I

SEMESTER I
2009-2010
 Prepared by

Ms. Preethi Sheba Hepsiba Darius, Lecturer, CSE

Ms.K.Vidya, Lecturer, IT

Mr.T.C.Ezhil Selvan, Lecturer, IT

ii
 List of Experiments
a) WORD PROCESSING

1. Document creating, Text Manipulation with Scientific Notations.

2. Table creation, Table formatting and Conversion.
3. Mail Merge and Letter Preparation.
4. Drawing – Flow Chart.

b) SPREADSHEET

5. Chart – Line, XY, Bar and Pie.

6. Formula – Formula Editor.
7. Spread Sheet – inclusion of object, Picture and graphics, protecting the
document and sheet.
8. Sorting and Import / Export features.

SIMPLE C PROGRAMMING

9. Data types, Expression Evaluation, Condition Statements.

10. Arrays
11. Structures and Unions
12. Functions.

iii
CONTENTS
S.No Name of Experiment Page No.
List of Experiments iii
Table of Contents iv

WORD PROCESSING *
DOCUMENT CREATION, TEXT MANIPULATION 1
1 WITH SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS
Lab 1 - Sample output 5
2 TABLE CREATION, TABLE FORMATTING AND 6
CONVERSION
Lab 2 – Sample output 8
3 MAIL MERGE AND LETTER PREPARATION 9
Lab 3 – Sample output 11
4 DRAWING – FLOWCHART 15
Lab 4 – Sample output 17

SPREADSHEET *
5 LINE, XY, BAR and PIE 19
Lab 5 – Sample output 21
6 FORMULA EDITOR 25
Lab 6 – Sample output 28
7 INCLUSION OF OBJECT, PICTURE AND 31
GRAPHICS, PROTECTING THE DOCUMENT AND
SHEET
8 SORTING AND IMPORT / EXPORT FEATURES 33
Lab 8 – Sample output 35

iv
 C PROGRAMMING
9 DATA TYPES, EXPRESSION EVALUATION AND
CONDITION STATEMENTS
A. AREA AND CIRCUMFERENCE OF CIRCLE 36
B. FACTORIAL OF A GIVEN NUMBER 38
C. GENERATING FIBONACCI SERIES 40
D. CHECK WHETHER A GIVEN NUMBER IS EVEN OR 43
ODD
E. AREA OF TRIANGLE 45
F. FINDING DISCRIMINANT OF QUADRATIC 47
EQUATION
G. PAYBILL CALCULATION USING SWITCH CASE 48
STATEMENT
H. C PROGRAM TO CALCULATE SIMPLE INTEREST 50

10 ARRAYS
A. SUM AND AVERAGE OF NUMBERS IN 51
ARRAY
B. DYNAMIC INITIALIZATION OF ARRAY 53
DURING RUNTIME
C. SORT ARRAY ASCENDING AND 55
DESCENDING
D. MULTIPLICATION TABLE USING 2D ARRAY 57

11 STRUCTURE AND UNION 59

12 FUNCTIONS 62
REFERENCES 66

* manual prepared for version OpenOffice.org 1.1.2

v
EX. NO. : 1

WORD PROCESSING
DOCUMENT CREATION, TEXT MANIPULATION WITH
SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS

AIM

To create a document in OpenOffice.org Writer in Linux, manipulate text and do

scientific notations.

ALGORITHM

PART A: Document Creation

1. Start OpenOffice.org Writer. On the File menu, click New->Text Document.
2. Create a new blank document and save with extension .doc.
3. Create a web page, on the File menu, click New->HTML Document. Save document
with extension .htm or .html.
4. Create a resume document.
a. Choose Resume template from the Templates and Documents dialog box.
b. Click Open to view the template.
c. Modify resume and save as .doc.

PART B: Text Manipulation

1. On the File menu, click New->Text Document.
2. Type definition of Work Processing. Place the cursor in front of “Word”. Write down
the corresponding action to the following keyboard selections:
A. SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW
B. SHIFT+LEFT ARROW
C. CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW
D. SHIFT+DOWN ARROW
E. SHIFT+UP ARROW
F. SHIFT+PAGE DOWN
G. SHIFT+PAGE UP
1
 H. CTRL+SHIFT+HOME
I. CTRL+SHIFT+END
J. CTRL+A

PART C: Formatting the document

1. Open a new document by choosing File->New->Text Document.
2. Set up the page by using Format->Page.
a. Set Margins, Left: 1.25 inch, Right: 1 inch, Top: 1.25 inch, Bottom: 1.25 inch.
b. Set Paper Size to A4.
c. Set Page Layout as Left and Right.

3. Go to Insert->Header->Default.
a. Type your name on the left,
b. Type “SRIT-CSE/CIVIL” in the center and
c. Type today's date on the right.

4. Go to Insert ->Footer->Default and type “Contact me @ <insert your email

address>”.
5. To format Text, type “Watches for Sale”. Select text.
a. Click the Bold icon and give a center alignment by pressing the centered icon
in the object bar.
b. Go to Format->Character-> Font Effects and check Shadow option. Press
'OK'.
c. Set Font size to 16pt.
6. Insert the graphic by clicking Insert->Graphics->From File. Insert an image of a
watch.

7. Type the features of the watch such as Brand Name, Case Color, Case Material etc.
Brand Name: CITIZEN
Case Color : Black
Case Material : Stainless steel.

2
 8. To create a hyperlink for the brand name, select “Citizen”, go to Format->Character
and choose the Hyperlink tab. Enter the website address in URL field. Press 'OK'.

9. To format character, type the following

List Price : $215.00
Price: $129.00
Save Up to : $86 (40%).
a. Select List Price “$215.00”. Go to Format->Character. Choose the Font
Effects tab. In the Strikethrough option give single. Press 'OK”.
b. Price “$129.00”. Go to Format->Character. Choose Font Color as Red.
Choose Font Size as 14pt.
10. Enter Product features in a bulleted list. Go to Format->Bullets and Numbering.
Choose solid circled bullets.
11. To change line spacing, go to Format->Paragraph, choose 1.5 line spacing.
12. Highlight the entire bulleted list.
a. Go to Format->Paragraph.
b. Choose 1.5 Line Spacing from the option box.
c. Write down the corresponding Format to the following keystrokes.
Keystroke Format

CTRL-1

CTRL-5

CTRL-2

CTRL-0

13. To change case, type “In Stock”, go to to Format->Case/Characters->Uppercase.

14. To change orientation, Type “SEIKO”, go to Format->Position->Rotation. Choose 90
degrees.
15. To insert symbol, go to Insert->Special Character and insert the '©' symbol. Type
your name.
16. Save documents as .doc.
17. Close the document.
PART D: Scientific Notations
1. Open a new document by choosing File->New->Text Document.
3
2. Type the formulas as H2O, A2+B2.
3. Select the 2 in H2O, then choose Format->Character->Position as subscript.
4. Select the 2 in A2+B2, then choose Format->Character->Position as superscript.
5. Insert a formula object by using the option Insert->object->formula bar.

b b2 4 ac
Type the following formula
2a
a. Alternatively, Write down the corresponding formula in the editor.
{+-b sqrt{b sup 2 - 4ac}} over {2a }
b. Write down all the unary binary operators, relations, set operations, functions,
operators, attributes and brackets.
c. Save the document as formulas.sxw and Close.

4
SAMPLE OUTPUT

WATCHES FOR SALE

BRAND NAME:CITIZEN
CASE COLOUR:BLACK
CASE MATERIAL: PLATIUM FOB CHAIN

LIST PRICE:$215.00
PRICE:$129.00
SAVE:89.00(40%)

• WATER RESISTANT
• DURABLE
IN STOCK
TITAN

©NANDHA KUMAR

2 2
H2O A +B
b b2 4ac
2a

5
EX. NO. : 2

WORD PROCESSING
TABLE CREATION, TABLE FORMATTING AND
CONVERSION

AIM

To create a table, do formatting and conversion in OpenOffice.org Writer.

ALGORITHM

PART A: Table Creation and Formatting

18. Open a new document by choosing File->New->Text Document.
19. Give title as “TIME TABLE CSE SEMESTER 1 2009/10 ”.
20. Create a table. Go to Insert -> Table. Alternatively, click the Inert table icon in the
main toolbar. Choose 8 columns and 6 rows.
21. Go to View->Toolbars->Customize. Choose Tables toolbar.
22. Type your class timings in the first row and days (Mon-Fri) in the first column.
23. To insert column, go to Format->Column->Insert or press the Insert Row icon in the
Table toolbar or right click->Column->Insert.
a. Select the amount and position.
b. Insert columns for lunch break and tea break.
24. To insert row go to Format->Row->Insert. Specify amount and position. Insert a
row after Friday. Enter “Saturday”.
25. To delete a row, place cursor on row to be deleted and press the Delete Row icon or
right-click->Row->Delete or Format->Row->Delete. Insert another row and delete
it.
26. To merge cells, select cells to be merged and either press the Merge cells icon or
right-click->Cell->Merge Cells or Format->Cell->Merge Cells.
a. Merge all the periods for Labs.
b. Merge all periods for Saturday and Type – Holiday
6
 c. Merge all the cells in column for lunch and tea break.
27. To split cells, select cells to be split and either press the Split cells icon or right-click
->Cell->Split Cells or Format->Cell->Split Cells. Select the Holiday cell and split
into 2.
28. Select the table created. Go to Format->Table. Go to the Borders tab. Give line
style 2.50pt.
29. To select row height and width, select the table.
a. To set row height go to Format-> Row-> Height. Give 0.5 inch.
b. To set column width go to Format ->Column->Width.

PART B: Sorting and Performing Calculation

1. Give title as MY MARKS. Create a new table with 2 columns, Subject and Marks
Obtained.
2. Select the subjects and marks. Go to Tools->Sort.
a. Check Key 1, column 1, Key Type: Alphanumeric, Order: Ascending,
Direction: rows. Press Ok, and write output.
b. Check Key 1, column 2, Key Type: numeric, Order: descending, Direction:
rows.
3. To calculate sum of all marks click Formula icon, enter the formula in editor.
4. Calculate the percentage by giving the formula in the editor.

PART D: Conversion
1. To convert text to table.
a. Type months of a year separated by tabs or semicolons or paragraphs.
b. Go to Tools -> Text <-> table.
c. Choose the mode of separation, eg. semicolons.
2. Convert the table back into text.

PART E: Autoformat Table Creation

1. Create table from Autoformat. Go to Insert->Table->AutoFormat.
2. Create a calendar for this month.

7
SAMPLE OUTPUT
Part A: Table Creation and formatting

TIME TABLE CSE SEMESTER 1 2009/10

8.45 - 9.40- 10.50- 11.45- 1.45 - 2.40- 3.30 -
9.40 10.35 11.45 12.40 2.40 3.30 4.30

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday HOLIDAY

Part B: Sorting and Performing Calculation

MY MARKS
Subject Marks
Chemistry 95
Maths 50
Physics 85
Total 230
Percentage 46.00%

Part C: Conversion of Text to table, Table to text

January February March

January ; February ; March;

Part D: Autoformat Table Creation

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31

8
EX. NO. : 3

WORD PROCESSING
MAIL MERGE AND LETTER PREPARATION

AIM
To quickly produce personalized letters and mailing labels using Mail merge feature in
OpenOffice.org.

ALGORITHM
Part A: Creation of the Address Book
1. Create a spreadsheet, go to File->New->Spreadsheet.
2. Type First Name, Last Name, Street, City, State, Zip code from columns A1 to F1.
3. Add addresses of 3 people.
4. Save the spreadsheet as addressBook.sxc in a folder named “Mail Merge Lab”.
Part B: Creation of Mail Merge
1. Open writer, go to File->New->Text Document.
2. To register addressBook as Data Source, go to File->Templates->AddressBook
Source.
3. Click on the Administrate… button and create a New Data Source. In the general tab,
choose Name: address. Choose Database type: Spreadsheet. Choose the Path
where addressBook.sxc is stored in Data Source URL. Click ok.
4. In the templates: Address Book Assignment Dialog box, choose Data Source:
Address, Table: Sheet 1.
5. Do Field assignment for the address.
6. Prepare a letter for “Offer for admission to B.E.”.
7. In the To, address, create fields from the data source. Go to View->Data Sources or
click the Data source icon in main toolbar.
8. To insert fields for mail merge, go to Insert->Fields->Other. In the Database tab,
choose Type as Mail Merge Fields. In sheet 1, choose “First Name” and click Insert.
Repeat to insert other fields.

9
 9. To do Mail Merge, go to Tools->Mail Merge. Choose option “From this
Document”. In Mail Merge Dialog Box,
a. Navigate to Sheet 1 and choose all 3 records.
b. Choose Output: File option.
c. Set the Path to the folder called Mail Merge.
d. Choose Generate File Name from Database field “First Name”.

Part C: Autopilot Letter Creation.

1. Create Folder lettersMM.
2. To create letter, go to Autopilot->Letter. Follow the wizard. In addressee data,
choose database as Address and Sheet 1.
3. Write letter for “Leave Letter” and do mail merge. Create a folder called “letterMM”.
Set Path to this folder.

Part D: Mailing Label

1. Create Folder labelsMM.
2. Open new document. Save as “mailingLabel.sxw”. Go to File->New->Labels.
3. Choose Database as Address and Table as Sheet 1.
4. Click on New Document. Create a folder called “labelsMM” Follow steps for mail
Merge, and set Path to labelsMM.

Part E: Creation of Envelope

1. Create Folder EnvelopesMM.
2. Open new document. Save as “Envelope.sxw” Go to Insert->Envelope.
3. Set addressee data from database. Enter your address as sender.
4. Go to Format tab to change the position and size.
5. Go to the Printer tab to change the orientation of the envelope.
6. Click on Insert to Insert the Envelope. Write output.
7. Perform Mail merge and save in folder called “EnvelopeMM”.

10
SAMPLE OUTPUT

Part B: Creation of Mail Merge

SRI RAMAKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Pachapalayam, Perur, Chettipalayam, Coimbatore – 641 010

Date: 15th October 2009

Dear Candidate,

Offer of Admission to B.E.(CSE)

With reference to your application, we are pleased to inform you that we are admitting you in
B.E in the branch of Computer Science and Engineering in the academic year of 2009/2010.
Please bring along all the original certificates. The classes will commence on 7th September
2009.

PRINCIPAL

To,
<First Name> <Last Name>,
<Street>,
<City>,
<State>, <Zip Code>

Part C: Autopilot Letter Creation.

11
12
Part D: Mailing Label

13
Part E: Creation of Envelope

14
EX. NO. : 4

WORD PROCESSING
DRAWING – FLOWCHART

AIM
To use drawing tools in OpenOffice.org to draw flow charts.

ALGORITHM
Part A: Basic Drawing Functions.
1. Open a new document, go to File->New->TextDocument.
2. Click on the Draw Functions icon in the main toolbar. Click and drag the Drawing
toolbar to create a floating toolbar.
3. To view a grid, go to Tools->Options. Expand Text. Check “Visible Grid”.
4. To wrap text around object, go to Format->Wrap->Edit. Choose
a. No Wrap
b. Parallel
c. Through
d. Optimal
5. To arrange objects, go to Format->Arrange. Choose
a. Bring to Front
b. Bring Forward
c. Send Backward
d. Send to Back
6. Using the drawing toolbar draw
a. Rectangle,
b. Square, choose Rectangle tool and hold shift button.
c. Parallelogram, Go to Format->Position and Size->Slant and set Angle.
d. Diamond, Draw square, Go to Format->Rotation, set 45 degrees.
e. Circle, choose elipse tool and hold shift button.
f. Triangle, using polygon tool.

15
 7. To group, select all objects by holding Shift button and clicking on the object. Go to
Format->Group->Group.

8. To flip Vertically go to, Flip->Vertically. To flip Horizontally, go to Flip-

>Horizontally.

Part B: Flow Chart

1. To draw a flow Chart for
a. Withdraw cash from ATM.
b. To check whether a given number is even or odd.
2. Draw ellipses/circles for Start and Stop.
3. To enter text, choose the Text tool and double click on object to enter text.
4. Draw parallelograms for input and output.
5. Draw rectangles for processes or events.
6. Draw diamonds for decision boxes having Yes or No decisions.
7. Use arrows to denote the flow of the program.

16
SAMPLE OUTPUT

Part B: Flow Chart - Withdraw cash from ATM

Start

Enter Account
Number, pincode

Validate account

No
Is Valid?

Yes
Enter Withdrawal
amount

Balance > No
Withdrawal

Yes
Print Insufficient
Balance
Dispense cash

Print receipt

End

17
Part B: Flow Chart - To check whether a given number is even or odd.

Start

Enter a number

Divide number
by 2

Yes No
Is remainder 0?

Print number is Print number is

Even Odd

End

18
EX. NO. : 5

SPREADSHEET
LINE, XY, BAR and PIE
AIM

To create Line charts, Bar charts, Pie charts and XY Plots using Spreadsheet in OpenOffice.org
Calc.

ALGORITHM
Part A: Line Chart
1. To open spreadsheet, go to Applications->Office->Spreadsheet/OpenOffice.org Calc.
2. Enter the data for drawing a line chart for weather forecast for this week.
3. To insert a chart, go to Insert->Chart.
a. Check ‘First row as label’ and ‘First column as Label’.
b. Choose ‘Line Chart’, press next.
c. Choose data series in ‘Columns’.
d. Check grid lines for both rows and columns. Press Next
e. Give Chart Title as ‘Weather Forecast in Coimbatore for this week’.
f. Give axes titles for X-axis: Days of the week, Y-axis: Temperature/degrees.
g. Click ‘Create’.
4. To format the chart area, double click on the chart. Go to the ‘Area’ tab and give color
as ‘White’.
5. To format the data lines, doubles click on the data series line on the graph.
a. Go to the ‘line’ tab, set appropriate color, width as 0.02.
b. To show data value on graph, go to the ‘Data labels’ tab, Check the show
value checkbox.
6. To format labels along the axis,
a. Double-click Y axis.
b. To change the scale, go to the Scale tab.
c. Set Major Interval as ‘2’.
d. Double-click X axis.
e. To change the orientation of the labels, go to ‘label’ tab, give a rotation of 60
degrees.
19
 7. Rename the sheet, right-click on sheet 1->Rename, give name as ‘Line Chart’.
8. To insert a new sheet, go to Insert->Sheet.
9. To save spreadsheet, go to File->Save As, .sxc (OpenOffice.org Format) and .xls
(Microsoft Excel).

Part B: Bar Chart

1. In a new sheet named ‘Bar Chart’, construct a Vertical and Horizontal bar chart for the
following data, write procedure for the creation of bar chart.
2. Construct a side-by-side double bar chart for the following frequency table.

Part C: Pie Chart

Create a pie chart using the following data. Give chart Title: ‘Country Wise export of
tea from India from 2005-2006’. For each share in the pie chart, create data label of the
importing country and quantity of export as percentage.
Create a 3D pie chart.

Part D: XY Plot
Create an XY plot. Name it ‘The Impact of Moore’s Law’. Set the name of the IC’s
and Microprocessors in the first column as a data label. Set the Y axis from 2000. (Hint: Go to
Scale Tab in Data Point).

20
SAMPLE OUTPUT

Part A: Line Chart

Temperature (degrees)

Day Morning Afternoon Evening

Sat 30 33 24
Sun 26 29 25
Mon 25 30 25
Tue 25 32 25
Wed 26 31 25
Thu 25 30 24
Friday 24 30 23

Weather forecast for Coimbatore this

week
35
33 32 31
Temperature / degrees

30 30 29 30 30 30
25 26
25 25 25 26
25 25
24 24 24
23
20 Morning
15 Afternoon
Evening
10
5
0
Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Friday
Days of the Week

21
Part B: Bar Chart

No. of
Month visitors
January 150
February 300
March 250

OUTPUT

Frequency of Visiters to the Museum Frequency of Visiters to the Museum

350
300 250
300
250 ch
ar
No. of Visiters

250 M

Month
200 300
150 y
150 ar
bru
100 Fe
150
50 ry
nua
0 Ja
January February March 0 100 200 300 400
No. of Visiters
Month

Side by Side Bar Chart

No. of adult No. of Child

Month Visitors visitors
May 300 200
June 500 600
July 700 600

Frequency of Visitors to the Museum

800 700
700 600 600
600
No. of Visitors

500
500 No. of adult
Visitors
400 300 No. of Child
300 200 visitors
200
100
0
May June July
Month

22
Part C:Pie Chart

Importing Quantity of
Country export (%)
Russia 17.48
UK 15.8
UAE 15.16
USA 7.31
Kazakhstan 6.18
Iran 4.99
Germany 3.84
Pakistan 3.07
Australia 2.88
Saudi Arabia 2.72
Other countries 20.59

Country Wise export of tea from India from 2005-2006

Other
Russia
countries
21% UK
Russia
UAE
Saudi Arabia 17%
3% USA
Kazakhstan
Australia UK
Pakistan 3% Iran
16%
3% Germany
Germany Pakistan
UAE
4% Iran Australia
15%
5% Kazakhstan USA Saudi Arabia
6% 7%
Other countries

23
Part D: XY Plot
Year of Introduction Transistors
4004 1971 2300
8008 1972 2500
8080 1974 4500
8086 1978 29000
Intel 286 1982 134000
Intel 386 1985 275000
Intel 486 1989 1200000
Intel Pentium 1993 3100000
Intel Pentium II 1997 7500000
Intel Pentium III 1999 9500000

Impact of Moore's Law

Intel Pentium III

9002000

8002000 Intel Pentium II

No. of Transistors

7002000

6002000

5002000
Transistors
4002000
Intel Pentium
3002000
2002000
Intel 486
1002000
Intel 386
4004
80088080 8086 Intel 286
2000
70 75 80 85 90 95 00
19 19 19 19 19 19 20
Year of Introduction

24
EX. NO. : 6

SPREADSHEET
FORMULA EDITOR

AIM
To create and edit formulas and use built in formulas using Formula Editor in
OpenOffice.org Calc Spreadsheet.

ALGORITHM
Part A: Entering Formula, Auditing and Error Codes
1. To open, go to OpenOffice.org Calc Spreadsheet.
2. Enter the following data, starting from cell address A1.
3. To concatenate strings, use the &(ampersand) operator. Place cursor in cell C2, type,
=A2&” “&B2. Alternatively, type =, click A2, type &” “&, click B2. To copy the
formula, copy then paste in cells C3 to C6.
4. To enter basic arithmetic operators, place cursor in cell F2 (Total), Type, = D2+E2. Copy
and paste in cells F3 to F6.
5. To select a range, use the : (colon) operator.
6. To insert a function, place cursor in cell D7, go to Insert->Function.
1. Choose category, mathematical, choose SUM.
2. Select cells D2 to D6 or type formula, = SUM(D2:D6)/5 to calculate average.
3. Copy and paste formula in E7.
Note: Spreadsheet uses relative reference.
7. To perform calculations on another worksheet, go to Sheet 2, Type Total in A1. In A2,
type =, then click Sheet 1. Choose cells corresponding to Test 1. Observe the formula in
Sheet 2.
8. To protect sheet, select cells in Total (F2 to F6)
1. Go to Format->Cells->Protection->Cell Protection.
2. Check 'Hide Formula'. Press OK.
3. Go to Tools->Protect Document->Sheet. Press OK. Now try to edit formula. Write
down the message obtained after protection.
9. To audit and correct errors. Try to multiply cell B2*D2:D6.
a) Click on the error, go to Tools->Detective->Trace Error. Draw the arrows resulting in
25
 the mistake.
b) Go to Tools->Detective->Remove Precedents to remove the arrows.
10. Write down the reasons for the following error codes (Look up in Help)
#N/A, #NULL, #NUM!, ####, #VALUE!, #NAME?, #REF!, #DIV/0!. Also write down
possible examples where this error occurs.

Part B: Commonly Used Formulas

3. Enter the following data for a set of bank transactions.
4. To calculate Tax, IF salary >10000, Tax is 20% of Salary, else Tax is 10%. Eg.,
=IF(D3>10000;20/100*D3;10/100*D3).
5. To calculate Running Balance, Type, = Salary – (Tax + Withdrawal) + Deposit, eg, =D3-
(E3+F3)+G3
6. To count the occurences of transactions with billing date on 2nd oct, go to cell D8, type,
=COUNTIF (C3:C6;"02/10-09").
7. Choose the sheet and protect it.

Part C: Built In Functions

Mathematical Functions
1. Insert new sheet, go to Insert->Sheet, To use SUM, POWER, PRODUCT,
a) Convert 756 in octal to decimal, enter in A1:7, B1:5, C1:6. , in A2,
b) Type = POWER(8 ; 2), B2, =POWER(8 ; 1), C2, =POWER(8 ; 0).
c) In A3, type =PRODUCT(A1 ; A2). Copy and paste formula to B3 and C3.
d) Add A3 to C3 to get value in decimal.
2. Find the QUOTIENT of 5/2.
3. ROUND number 2.149 to 1 decimal place.
4. Enter 5 numbers, find MAXIMUM value.
Trigonometrical Functions
5. Enter the following data, to perform Trigonometrical functions., calculate SIN, COS, TAN
using the functions, write formula, insert a seperate chart for sin, cos and tan.
6. Perform conversion between various number systems

Logical Functions

7. To determine logical conditions, use AND, OR, NOT functions

26
TEXT FUNCTIONS
2. To work with text, enter the following data
a. Concatenate First Name and last name using CONCATENATE function
b. Change the full name to upper case using UPPER function.
c. Change the full name from upper to lower case using LOWER function.

27
SAMPLE OUTPUT
Part A: Entering Formula, Auditing and Error Codes

Test
First Name Last Name Full Name 1 Test 2 Total
Divya Kumar Divya Kumar 25 20 45
Johnny Lane Johnny Lane 30 25 55
Vidya Karan Vidya Karan 35 31 66
Varun Sharma Varun Sharma 15 35 50
Rose Reynolds Rose Reynolds 25 36 61
Sum 130 147
Average 26 29.4

Syntax of formulas used:

Full Name =A2&” “&B2

Total = E2+F2
Test 1 Total = SUM(D2:D6)
Test 1 Average = AVERAGE(D2:D6)

Part B: Commonly Used Formulas

BANK TRANSACTIONS
Billing
Acc No. Name Date Salary Tax Withdrawal Deposit Running Balance
101 Jane 2/10/2009 10000 1000 500 1000 9500
102 Michael 2/10/2009 5000 500 0 5000 9500
103 Priya 4/10/2009 15000 3000 10000 0 2000
104 Prasanna 5/10/2009 30000 6000 5000 2000 21000

Syntax of formulas used:

Tax =IF (D3>10000;20/100*D3;10/100*D3)
Balance =D3-(E3+F3)+G3

Part C: Built In Functions - Mathematical Functions

Degrees sin cos Tan
0 0 1 0
45 0.7071 0.707107 1
90 1 6.13E-17 1.6325E+16
135 0.7071 -0.70711 -1
180 1E-16 -1 -1.2251E-16
225 -0.707 -0.70711 1
270 -1 -1.8E-16 5.4415E+15
315 -0.707 0.707107 -1
360 -2E-16 1 -2.4503E-16

28
Syntax of formulas used:
sin =SIN(RADIANS(B2))
cos =COS(RADIANS(B2))
tan = TAN(RADIANS(B2))

sin

1.5

0.5

0 sin
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
-0.5

-1

-1.5

CONVERSION FUNCTIONS
Conversion Number Answer
Decimal to Binary 29 11101
Decimal to Octal 952 1670
Decimal to Hexadecimal 872 368
Binary to decimal 1100000 96
Syntax of formulas used:
=DEC2BIN(B2)
=DEC2OCT(B3)
=DEC2HEX(B4)
=BIN2DEC(B5)

LOGICAL FUNCTIONS

a b D = a AND b E= a OR b F= NOT a D AND F

0 0 FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
0 1 FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE
1 0 FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE
1 1 TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE

Syntax of formulas used:

D =AND(A2;B2)
E =OR(A2;B2)
F =NOT(A2)
D AND F =AND(C2;E2)

29
TEXT FUNCTIONS

First Name Last Name Full Name To Upper To lower

Jenna Dewan Jenna Dewan JENNA DEWAN jenna dewan
Michael
Michael Phelps Phelps MICHAEL PHELPS michael phelps
Ray Romano Ray Romano RAY ROMANO ray romano

Syntax of formulas used:

=CONCATENATE(A2;” “;B2)
=UPPER(C2)
=LOWER(D2)

30
EX. NO. : 7

SPREADSHEET
INCLUSION OF OBJECT, PICTURE AND GRAPHICS, PROTECTING THE
DOCUMENT AND SHEET

AIM
To include objects, Pictures and graphics and to protect the document and sheet in
OpenOffice.org Calc Spreadsheet.

ALGORITHM
Part A: Working with Picture and Graphics.
1. To open spreadsheet, go to Applications->Office->OpenOffice.org Calc.
2. To insert a picture on a worksheet, choose, Insert->Graphics->From File or go to
Tools->Gallery to select an image.
3. To resize the object, select object, drag sizing handle.
a. To resize proportionally, hold SHIFT and drag corner of sizing handle.
b. To resize vertically, horizontally or diagonally from center, hold CTRL and
drag sizing handle.
c. To resize proportionally from center outward, hold CTRL+SHIFT and drag
corner sizing handle.
4. To resize an object by a specific percentage, click the object, go to Format-Position
and Size. Go to Position and Size tab.
a. Choose Base Point as center.
b. Change the size of the image, check ‘Keep Ratio’ to keep the original ratio.

5. To rotate a drawing object, go to drawing Toolbar, click the Free Rotate icon.
a. Drag the rotation handles to rotate the object. ( red circular handles ).
b. To constrain rotation of object to 15 degree angles, hold down SHIFT button.
6. To rotate an object by specifying angles, click object, go to Format->Position and
Size. Go to the Rotation tab. Set a rotation angle of 45 degrees.

Part B: Working with Auto shapes/objects.

1. Include an OLE object, go to Insert->Object->OLE object.
31
 2. Choose ‘Create New’ and object type as Drawing.
3. Draw an autoshape, a smiley using the available shapes.
a. To draw circle, choose an ellipse tool, hold down the SHIFT to maintain
shapes’s width-to-height ration.
b. To draw a curve, point to curves in the drawing toolbar, click whenever to add a
curve. Double click to end the curve. To close the shape click near starting
point. Right-click->Edit Points to edit the points.
4. To insert text, go to the Text tool, Type, “Hello World”
a. To include font work, click the text, go to Format->Font Work. Set the text in
the desired format.
5. To convert to 3D right-click the smiley, go to Convert->3D.
a. To add Shadow, right-click->3D Effects.
b. Set Shading option and shadow.
6. To move stacked objects, click object.
a. If object is hidden behind other objects press TAB or SHIFT+TAB.
7. Convert the smiley to Bitmap, right-click->Convert->Bitmap.
8. Convert the smiley to Metafile, right-click->Convert->Metafile.

Part C: Protecting the Document

1. To protect all documents when saving, go to File->Save As. Check the “Save with
Password” option. Enter the password in the dialog box and save.
2. To protect the cell ranges in a sheet, choose all the cells that span the drawing
a. Go to Format->Cell Protection, Hide All.
b. Go to Tools->Protect->Sheet/Document.
c. Give Password and confirm the given password.
d. To unprotect the sheet/document, go to Tools->Protect->Sheet/Document.
3. To protect frames, graphics and OLE objects and drawing objects, go to Format-
>Position and Size->Position and Size tab. Under Protect, Check Position/Size.

32
EX. NO. : 8

SPREADSHEET
SORTING AND IMPORT / EXPORT FEATURES

AIM

To perform sorting and import/export functions in OpenOffice.org Calc Spreadsheet.

ALGORITHM
Part A: Sorting data in a list
1. To sort data in a list, ascending/descending
2. Select all the names. Sort the data in an ascending manner, by clicking the Ascending
Sort from the standard toolbar. Write the output.

3. Sort the data in a descending manner, by clicking the Descending sort from the
standard toolbar. Write the output.
4. Alternatively go to Data->Sort.
a. Click on the Sort By drop down box and choose column name to sort.
b. Click on option Ascending/Descending to specify sort order.
c. Click ok.
5. To sort rows based on the contents of two or more columns, enter the following data.
a. To sort, go to Data->Sort.
b. Choose Sort By Branch, Ascending
c. Then choose Then By Name, Ascending
6. To sort columns based on the contents of rows, enter the following data

a. Select cells, go to Data->Sort.

b. Go the Options tab. Choose Direction as “Left to Right(sort columns)”
c. Click OK, write down output.

7. To sort months, weekdays or custom lists,

a. Select the cells, go to Data->Sort and go to the Options tab.
b. Check “Custom sort order” and choose “Monday, Tuesday,…” from the drop
down menu.

33
Part B: Import/Export
1. List any 10 file formats that is supported by the Calc Spreadsheet Application, Go to
File>Open->File Type.
2. To open a spreadsheet in read-only mode, check the ‘read-only’ box when opening a
file.
3. To import a database into Spreadsheet, go to File->Autopilot->Database Import.
4. To export, go to File->Export as PDF.
5. To export a single OpenOffice file to Microsoft Office file, choose the .xls from Save
As menu.
6. To export multiple OpenOffice files to Microsoft Office, go to Autopilot ->Document
Converter.
a. Set path of folder for importing in Import.
b. Set path for folder to contained converted documents in Save As.

34
SAMPLE OUTPUT

Part A: Sorting data in a list

Ascending Sort
1 Ruby 8 Angela
2 Liz 7 Blaine
3 Maria 4 Emma
4 Emma 10 Jerry
5 Michael 2 Liz
6 Phoenix 3 Maria
7 Blaine 9 Max
8 Angela 5 Michael
9 Max 6 Phoenix
10 Jerry 1 Ruby

Sorting 2 columns
Branch Name Branch Name
CSE Ruby CIVIL Angel
CIVIL Angel CIVIL Maria
MECH Blaine CSE Jerry
MECH Ricky CSE Liz
CSE Phoenix CSE Michael
CSE Jerry CSE Phoenix
CSE Liz CSE Ruby
CIVIL Maria MECH Blaine
MECH Max MECH Max
CSE Michael MECH Ricky

OUTPUT
Sorting left to right
5 8 4 3 2

2 3 4 5 8

Custom Sort
Day Menu Day Menu
Tuesday Rice Monday Chappati
Thursday Parota Tuesday Rice
Monday Chappati Wednesday Thosai
Friday Briyani Thursday Parota
Wednesday Thosai Friday Briyani

35
EX. NO. : 9

C PROGRAMMING
DATA TYPES, EXPRESSION EVALUATION AND CONDITION STATEMENTS

AREA AND CIRCUMFERENCE OF CIRCLE

AIM To write a program to find the area and circumference of circle.

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Get user input for radius of circle.
Step 3: Calculate area of circle by using formula, area = 3.14*radius* radius.
Step 4: Calculate circumference of circle by using formula, circum = 2*3.14*radius.
Step 5: Display area and circumference.
Step 6: Stop the program.

PSEUDOCODE
BEGIN
INITIALIZE PI as 3.14, area, circum, r
READ radius r
CALCULATE area := PI*r*r
CALCULATE circum :=2*PI*r
PRINT area, circum
END

36
FLOWCHART

Start

Read radius

Area = 3.14 * radius * radius

Circum = 2 *3.14 * radius

Print area
Print circum

Stop

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#define Pi 3.14159
main()
{
float radius,area, circum;
printf("Enter radius: ");
scanf("%f",&radius);
area= Pi * radius * radius;
circum = 2 * Pi * radius;
printf("\nArea=%0.2f",area);
printf("\nCircumference=%0.2f \n",circum);
}
OUTPUT:
Enter radius: 5

Area=78.54
Circumference=31.42

RESULT
Thus, program to calculate area and circumference of circle is executed and output is
verified

37
 FACTORIAL OF A GIVEN NUMBER
AIM To write a program to find the factorial of a given number.

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Get user input for the factorial number.
Step 3: Set loop to find factorial of given number using formula fact = fact*i.
Step 4: Display the factorial of the given number.
Step 5: Stop.

PSEUDOCODE
BEGIN
INITIALIZE i as 1, fact as 1
READ num
REPEAT
fact := fact*i
INCREMENT i
UNTIL i <= num
PRINT fact
END

38
FLOWCHART

Start

Initialize i=1, fact=1

Read number

fact= fact * i
i++
Yes

Is i <= num

No
Print factorial

Stop

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int i=1, fact=1;
int num;

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d", &num);

while(i <= num) {

fact *= i;
i++;
}
printf("Factorial: %d\n", fact);
}

OUTPUT
Enter a number: 5
Factorial: 120

RESULT
Thus, program to find factorial of given number is executed and output is verified.
39
 GENERATING FIBONACCI SERIES
AIM
To write a program to generate Fibonacci series up to a given number.

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Enter the limit
Step 3: Check whether the number is zero or not. If zero print zero, exit.
Step 4: Set loop up to given number.
Step 5: Calulate fib= fib + a, set a=b and b=c for every iteration in the loop.
Step 6: Print the Fibonacci number in every iteration of the loop.
Step 7: Stop the program.

PSEUDOCODE
BEGIN
DECLARE lim, a, b
INITIALIZE a=0, b=1, lim=1
fib = a + b
READ num
IF num == 0
PRINT 0
REPEAT
a=b
b= fib
fib = a + b
INCREMENT lim
PRINT fib
UNTIL lim < num
END

40
FLOWCHART

Start

a=0, b=1
fib = a+b

Read number

Yes
Is num == 0 Print 0

No
a=b;
b=fib;
fib = a+b;
lim++; Yes

Print fib

Is lim < num

No

Stop

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int fib=1;
int a=0, b=1;
int num, i=0;
int lim =0;
fib =a+b;

printf("Enter the limit: ");

scanf("%d", &num);
41
 printf("** Generating Fibonacci series...");
if(num == 0)
printf("%d", num);

while(lim < num)

{
a=b; b=fib;
fib = a+b; lim++;
printf(" %d", fib);
}
printf("\n");
}

OUTPUT

Enter the limit: 5

** Generating Fibonacci series... 2 3 5 8 13

RESULT
Thus, program to generate Fibonacci series is generated and output is verified.

42
 CHECK WHETHER A GIVEN NUMBER IS EVEN OR ODD
AIM
To write a program to find out whether a given number is even or odd.

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the Program.
Step 2: Enter integer value.
Step 3: Determine rem = value modulo 2.
Step 4: Check if rem is 0.
Step 5: If rem is 0, print the given value is even.
Step 6: If rem is not 0, print the given value is odd.
Step 7: End.

PSEUDOCODE
BEGIN
DECLARE rem
READ val
DETERMINE rem = val%2
IF rem == 0
PRINT Value is Even
ELSE
PRINT Value is ODD
END

43
FLOWCHART

Start

Enter value

rem = val % 2

Is rem == 0

Print even Print odd

Stop
PROGRAM:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int num,rem;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d",&num);
rem=num%2;
if(rem==0)
printf(" \n The entered number is EVEN \n");
else
printf(" \n The entered number is ODD \n");
}

OUTPUT
Enter a number: 5
The entered number is ODD
Enter a number: 2
The entered number is EVEN

RESULT
Thus program to find whether a given number is even or odd is executed and output is
verified.

44
 AREA OF TRIANGLE

AIM
To write a C program to find the area of triangle

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the input values of a,b,c;
Step 3: Compute s=(a+b+c)/2;
Step 4: Compute d=(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))
Step 5: Find the area of triangle with the formula area=sqrt(d)
Step 6: Print area
Step 7: Stop

PSEUDOCODE
DEFINE AS int a,b,c
DEFINE AS float s,d,area
Input a, b, c
CALCULATE s= (a+b+c)/2
CALCULATE area=(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))
PRINT area

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
float a,b,c;
double s,d,area;
printf("Enter 3 sides");
scanf("%f %f %f",&a,&b,&c);
s=(a+b+c)/2;
//d=4;
d =(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
area=sqrt(d);
printf("Area of triangle= %f sq units\n",area);
}

45
FLOWCHART

Start

Read a,b,c

Read s,d,area

s = (a+b+c)/2

d=(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))

Print area

stop

OUTPUT

Enter 3 sides 5 10 8
Area of triangle= 19.810035 sq units

RESULT
Thus a C program to find the area of triangle was executed and output was verified.
46
FINDING DISCRIMINANT OF QUADRATIC EQUATION

AIM
To write a C program to find the discriminant of a quadratic equation.

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read a,b,c
Step 3: Calculate sqroot=sqrt(b*b-4*a*c)
Step 4: Calculate x1=((-b+sqroot)/2*a)
Step 5: Calculate x2=((-b-sqroot)/2*a)
Step 6: Display x1,x2
Step 7: Stop

PSEUDOCODE

BEGIN
DEFINE AS int a,b,c
DEFINE AS int sqroot, x1,x2
READ a, b, c
CALCULATE sqroot = sqrt(b*b – 4*a*c)
CALCULATE x1 = ((-b + sqroot) / 2*a)
CALCULATE x2 = ((-b - sqroot) / 2*a)
PRINT x1, x2
END

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
int a,b,c,sqroot,x1,x2;
printf("Enter the values of a,b,c : ");
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
sqroot = sqrt(b*b-4*a*c);
x1=(-b + sqroot) / (2*a);
x2=(-b - sqroot) / (2*a);
printf(“First root is %d”, x1
printf("Second root is %d", x2);
}

OUTPUT

RESULT
Thus a C program to find the square root of a given number was executed and the output was
verified.
47
 PAYBILL CALCULATION USING SWITCH CASE STATEMENT
AIM
To write a C program for Pay bill calculation using Switch Case statement

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the data
Step 3: Decide the level number and calculate perks
Step 4: Calculate gross salary, income tax
Step 5: Compute the net salary
Step 6: Display the result
Step 7: Stop

PSEUDOCODE

Define : int level, jobnumber

float gross,basic,net,perks
Input : level,job number,basic pay
Compute: houserent = 0.25*basic
Gross = basic + houserent + perks
net salary = gross - incometax
Output : Display result

PROGRAM

#define CA1 1000

#define CA2 750
#define CA3 750
#define CA4 750
#define EA1 500
#define EA2 200
#define EA3 100
#define EA4 0
main()
{
int level,jobnumber;
float gross,basic,houserent,perks,net,incometax;
input:
printf("\n enter level,job number,basic pay\n");
printf("enter 0 for level to end\n\n");
scanf("%d",&level);
if(level==0)goto stop;
scanf("%f%f",&jobnumber,&basic);
switch(level)
{
case 1:
perks=CA1+EA1;
break;
case 2:
perks=CA2+EA2;

48
break;
case 3:
perks=CA3+EA3;
break;
case 4:
perks=CA4+EA4;
break;
default:
printf("error in level code\n");
goto stop;
}
houserent=0.25*basic;
gross=basic+houserent+perks;
if(gross<=2000)
incometax=0;
else if(gross<=4000)
incometax=0.03*gross;
else if(gross<=5000)
incometax=0.05*gross;
else
incometax=0.08*gross;
net=gross-incometax;
printf("\n\n%d%d%f\n",level,jobnumber,net);
goto input;
stop:printf("\n\n end the program");
}

RESULT
Thus a C program for Pay bill calculation using Switch Case statement was executed and
output was verified.

49
 C PROGRAM TO CALCULATE SIMPLE INTEREST

AIM
To write a C program to calculate simple interest using while condition

ALGORITHM
1. Start
2. Read the values of amount,inrate
3. Read the values year,period
4. Check the condition whether year<=period
5. Calculate the value by using the formula
a. value=amount +inrate +amount
6. Assign the amount to value and increment the year by 1
7. Stop.

PSEUDOCODE

Define : int year,period

Float amount,inrate,value
Input : amount,rate and period.
Condition : while(year<=period)
Calculate : value=amount+inrate+amount
Output : display result

PROGRAM

main()
{
int year,period;
float amount,inrate,value;
printf("input amount,interest rate and period\n\n");
scanf("%f%f%d",&amount,&inrate,&period);
printf("\n");
year=1;
while(year<=period)
{
value=amount+inrate+amount;
printf("%d%f\n",year,value);
amount=value;
year=year+1;
}
}

RESULT
Thus a C program to calculate simple interest using while condition was executed and the
output was verified.

50
EX. NO. : 10

C PROGRAMMING
ARRAYS

SUM AND AVERAGE OF NUMBERS IN ARRAY

AIM
To write a program to initialize an array of 5 numbers and print sum and average

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Declare and initialize array of size 5.
Step 3: Set loop up to size of array
Step 4: Find sum of array
Step 5: After execution of loop, find average.
Step 6: Print sum and average of array
Step 7: Stop the program.

PSEUDOCODE
BEGIN
DEFINE N AS 5
INITIALIZE integer array to size 5, i=0, and sum = 0
REPEAT
Sum = sum+arr[i]
UNTIL i < size
CALCULATE avg = sum/N
PRINT sum, avg
END

51
PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 5

int main() {

int arr[] = {10,2,5,1,25};

int i, temp, j;

printf("\n\t Before Sorting: ");

for(i=0; i<N; i++)
printf("%d ",arr[i]);

for(i=0; i<N; i++){

for(j=i+1; j<N; j++){
if(arr[i]>arr[j])
{
temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
} // end if
}// end inner for loop
}// end outer for

printf("\n\n** Sorting the array in Descending order...\n");

printf("\n\tAfter Sorting: ");

for(i=0; i<N; i++)
printf("%d ", arr[i]);

printf("\n\n\t** Max Number: %d", arr[0]);

printf("\n\t** Min Number: %d\n", arr[N-1]);
printf("\n");

return 0;
}
OUTPUT

Before Sorting: 10 2 5 1 25

** Sorting the array in Descending order...

After Sorting: 1 2 5 10 25

** Max Number: 1
** Min Number: 25

RESULT
Thus, program to initialize an array of 5 numbers and print sum and average is executed
and output is verified.

52
 DYNAMIC INITIALIZATION OF ARRAY DURING RUNTIME
AIM
To write a program to initialize array dynamically during runtime to calculate sum and
average for a given number of values specified by user.

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Enter the number of array
Step 3: Enter the elements of array
Step 4: Set loop up to size of array
Step 5: Find sum of array
Step 6: After execution of loop, find average of array.
Step 7:Print sum and average of array
Step 8: Stop the program.

PSEUDOCODE
BEGIN
INITIALIZE integer array to size 100, val, num, i=0, and sum = 0
PRINT number of values to enter
READ number into num
REPEAT
PRINT enter value i+1
READ value into arr[i]
DETERMINE sum = sum+ arr[i]
UNTIL i < num
CALCULATE avg = sum/num
PRINT sum, avg
END

53
PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int arr[100];

int sum=0, val, num;

float avg;
int i;

printf("How many values do you wanna enter?" );

scanf("%d",&num);

for(i=0; i<num; i++) {

printf("\n Enter Value: ");
scanf("%d", &val);
arr[i] = val;
}

for(i=0; i<4; i++){

printf("\n Value %d: %d: ", i+1, arr[i]);
sum +=arr[i];
}
avg=sum/4;

printf("\n\t Sum = %d", sum);

printf("\n\t Average = %.2f \n", avg);
return 0;
}

OUTPUT

How many values do you wanna enter?5

Enter Value: 45
Enter Value: 98
Enter Value: 85
Enter Value: 79
Enter Value: 65

Value 1: 45:
Value 2: 98:
Value 3: 85:
Value 4: 79:
Sum = 307
Average = 76.00

RESULT
Thus, program to initialize array dynamically and print sum and average is executed
and output is verified.

54
 SORT ARRAY ASCENDING AND DESCENDING
AIM
To write a program to sort a given array of variables in ascending and descending
order.

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Initialize size of array as N
Step 3: Initialize elements of array to N numbers
Step 4: Set loop to array size minus 1
Step 5: Set inner loop to array size
Step 6: Check whether next array element si greater than current element
Step 7: If greater exchange position.
Step 8: If not greater, then go to loop
Step 9: After execution of inner loop, inner loop is executed.
Step 10: Print ascending order of given array.
Step 11: Print descending order of given array
Step 12: Stop the program.

PSEUDOCODE
BEGIN
INITIALIZE integer array to size N
REPEAT
REPEAT
IF arr[i] > arr[j] THEN
SET temp = arr[i]
STORE arr[i] = arr[j]
SET arr[j] = temp
INCREMENT j
UNTIL j < N
INCREMENT i
UNITIL i<N-1
PRINT array in ascending order
PRINT array in descending order

55
PRINT max Num AS arr[N-1]
PRINT minNum AS arr[0]
END

PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
#define N 5

int main() {

int arr[] = {10,2,5,1,25};

int i, temp, j;
printf("\n\t Before Sorting: ");
for(i=0; i<N; i++)
printf("%d ",arr[i]);

for(i=0; i<N; i++){

for(j=i+1; j<N; j++){
if(arr[i]>arr[j])
{
temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
} // end if
}// end inner for loop
}// end outer for

printf("\n\n** Sorting the array in Ascending order...\n");

for(i=0; i<N; i++)
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
printf("\n\n** Sorting the array in Descending order...\n");
for(i=N-1; i>=0; i--)
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
printf("\n\n\t** Max Number: %d", arr[0]);
printf("\n\t** Min Number: %d\n", arr[N-1]);
printf("\n");

return 0;
}

OUTPUT
Before Sorting: 10 2 5 1 25
** Sorting the array in Ascending order...
1 2 5 10 25
** Sorting the array in Descending order...
25 10 5 2 1
** Max Number: 1
** Min Number: 25

RESULT
Thus, program to sort a given array of variable size in ascending and descending order
is executed and output is verified.
56
 MULTIPLICATION TABLE USING 2D ARRAY
AIM
To write a program to display multiplication table using 2 dimensional array

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Define ROWS, COLUMNS
Step 3: Declare a 2D array, Product
Step 4: Set loop to size of COLUMNS
Step 5: Set inner loop to size of ROWS
Step 6: Calculate and print product
Step 7: Stop the program.

PSEUDOCODE
BEGIN
DEFINE ROWS AS 5, COLUMNS AS 5
INITIALIZE array Product to ROWS and COLUMNS
SET i=0, j=1
REPEAT
PRINT COLUMNS label
UNTIL i<= COLUMNS
REPEAT
PRINT ROWS label
SET row = i+1
REPEAT
SET column=j
CALCULATE product[i][j] = rows*columns
PRINT product[i][j]
UNTIL j<= COLUMNS
UNTIL i<= ROWS
END

57
PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
#define ROWS 5
#define COLUMNS 5

int main() {
int row, column;
int product[ROWS][COLUMNS]; // result of multiplication
int i,j;
printf("\n\n** Multiplication Table **\n\n");
printf(" ");
for(j=1; j<= COLUMNS; j++)
printf(" %4d", j);
printf("\n");

printf("________________________________\n");
for(i=0; i<+ROWS; i++)
{
row = i+1;
printf("%2d |", row);
for(j=1; j <= COLUMNS; j++)
{
column = j;
product[i][j] = row * column;
printf(" %4d", product[i][j]);
} // end inner for - COLUMNS
printf("\n");

} // end outer for - ROWS

return 0;
}

OUTPUT

** Multiplication Table **

1 2 3 4 5
________________________________
1| 1 2 3 4 5
2 | 2 4 6 8 10
3 | 3 6 9 12 15
4 | 4 8 12 16 20
5 | 5 10 15 20 25

RESULT
Thus, program to display multiplication table using 2D array is executed and output is
verified.
58
EX. NO. : 11

C PROGRAMMING
STRUCTURES AND UNIONS

AIM
To write a program using structures and unions store student details and find average
and grade for a set of students.

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Initialize the structure and union variable.
Step 3: Set a loop up to the number of students.
Step 4: Enter name, register number and marks for 3 tests and store in the structure variable.
Step 5: Calculate average and grade and store in the union variable.
Step 6: print the student name, register number, marks for 3 tests, average and grade for all the
students.
Step 7: Stop the program.

PSEUDOCODE
BEGIN
INITIALIZE structure student as stud[50] and union result as res[50]
READ number of students AS no
REPEAT
READ name and reg no, test 1, test 2, test 3 marks of student
STORE in structure variable
CALCULATE res[i].avg = (stud[i].test1 +stud[i].test2+stud[i].test3)/3
DETERMINE grade
IF res[i].avg>50 AND res[i].avg<60
SET grade AS D
ELSE IF res[i].avg>=60 AND res[i].avg<70
SET grade AS C
ELSE IF res[i].avg>=70 AND res[i].avg<80
SET grade AS B
ELSE IF res[i].avg>=80 AND res[i].avg<=100
59
 SET grade AS A
ELSE
SET grade AS F
INCREMENT i by 1
UNTIL i<no

PRINT details of students.

END
PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>

main(){
struct student{
char name[25];
char regno[25];
int test1, test2, test3;
}stud[50];
union result{
char grade;
float avg;
}res[50];

int i, no;
int test1, test2, test3;

printf("Enter number of students:");

scanf("%d", &no);

for(i=0; i<no; i++)

{
printf("-- Enter details of student %d--\n", i+1);
printf("Enter name: ");
scanf("%s", &stud[i].name);
printf("Enter regno: ");
scanf("%s", &stud[i].regno);

/* Enter 3 marks and find average */

printf("Enter 3 test marks: ");
scanf(" %d %d %d", &stud[i].test1, &stud[i].test2, &stud[i].test3);
res[i].avg = (float) (stud[i].test1+stud[i].test2+stud[i].test3)/3;

if(res[i].avg>=50 && res[i].avg<60)

res[i].grade = 'D';
else if(res[i].avg>=60 && res[i].avg<70)
res[i].grade = 'C';

60
 else if(res[i].avg>=70 && res[i].avg<80)
res[i].grade = 'B';
else if(res[i].avg>=80 && res[i].avg <=100)
res[i].grade = 'A';
else
res[i].grade = 'F';

} // end for
printf("\n** Printing from structure and union **\n");
printf("\n Name Reg No. Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Average Grade\n");

for(i=0; i<no; i++) {

printf("\n%s \t %s\t\t %d \t %d \t %d", stud[i].name, stud[i].regno, stud[i].test1,
stud[i].test2, stud[i].test3);
/* printing from union */
printf("\t %.2f \t %c", res[i].avg, res[i].grade);
}
printf("\n");

} // end main function

OUTPUT
Enter number of students:3
-- Enter details of student 1--
Enter name: Max
Enter regno: CS01
Enter 3 test marks: 45 68 95
-- Enter details of student 2--
Enter name: Dan
Enter regno: CS02
Enter 3 test marks: 45 86 54
-- Enter details of student 3--
Enter name: Maria
Enter regno: CS03
Enter 3 test marks: 77 85 56

** Printing from structure and union **

Name Reg No. Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Average Grade

Max CS01 45 68 95 69.33 C

Dan CS02 45 86 54 61.67 C
Maria CS03 77 85 56 72.67 B

RESULT
Thus, program to store student details using structures and unions is executed and
output is verified.

61
EX. NO. : 12

C PROGRAMMING
FUNCTIONS

AIM To write a program to use function for a simple calculator.

ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Read the value of x.
Step 3: Display menu
Step 4: Use switch case statements to call functions corresponding to the menu item.
Step 5: Perform operation in each function and display result
Step 6: Stop the program.

PSEDOCODE
BEGIN
READ value of x
REPEAT
DISPLAY menu
GET choice
IF choice is 1
CALL square function
DETERMINE square of x = x*x
PRINT value of square.
IF choice is 2
CALL cube function
DETERMINE cube of x = pow(x, 3)
PRINT value of cube
IF choice is 3
CALL root function
DETERMINE root of x = sqrt(x)
PRINT value of root

IF choice is 4
EXIT

UNTIL choice is 4
END

62
FLOWCHART

Start

Read x

Display Menu

Read choice

square = x*x
If choice =1

Print square

cube = pow(x,3)
If choice =2

Print cube

root = sqrt(x)
If choice =3

Print root

If choice =4

Stop

63
PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
/* function Declarations */
void square(int);
void cube(int);
void root(int);

main(){

int choice;
int x;
printf("Enter value of x:");
scanf("%d", &x);

printf("\n ** MENU **");

printf("\n[1] Square");
printf("\n[2] Cube");
printf("\n[3] Square root");
printf("\n[4] Exit");

input:
printf("\n-- Enter choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);

switch(choice) {
case 1:
square(x);/* function call */
break;
case 2:
cube(x);
break;
case 3:
root(x);
break;
case 4:
exit(1);

default:
printf("Invalid Choice");
goto input;
break;

}// end switch

goto input;

} // end main

64
void square(int x){
printf("x square = %d", x*x);
} // end function square.

void cube(int x){

int cubeVal;
cubeVal = pow(x, 3);
printf("x cube = %d", cubeVal);
} // end function cube
void root(int x){
float sqVal;

if(x<0)
printf("enter positive value!");
else
{
sqVal = sqrt(x);
printf("Square root of x: %.2f", sqVal);
} // end else
}// end function root.

OUTPUT

Enter value of x: 5

** MENU **
[1] Square
[2] Cube
[3] Square root
[4] Exit
-- Enter choice: 1
x square = 25
-- Enter choice: 2
x cube = 125
-- Enter choice: 3
Square root of x: 2.24
-- Enter choice: 4

RESULT

Thus, program to use C functions for simple calculator is executed and output is verified.

65
REFERENCES
]
ƒ “Tutorials for OpenOffice”, http://www.tutorialsforopenoffice.org/, Accessed on: 13-9-
2009
ƒ “OpenOffice.org Tutorials”, http://documentation.openoffice.org/tutorials/index.html,
accessed on: 13-9-2009
ƒ Kamthane, n. Ashok, “Computer Programming”, ITL Education Solutions Limited,
2009
ƒ Balagurusamy, E. “Computing Fundamentals and C Programming, 1e, Tata McGraw
Hill

66