ASSIGNMENT 1

WHAT IS A SOFTWARE?
Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and
execute specific tasks.OR Software is a generic term used to refer
to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device.OR Software consists of
lines of code written by computer programmers that have been compiled into a
computer program.

WHAT IS MEANT BY SOFTWARE ENGINEERING?

Software engineering is the process of analyzing user needs and designing,
constructing, and testing end user applications that will satisfy these needs through
the use of software programming languages. It is the application of engineering
principles to software development.
HOW SOFTWARE IS DIFFERENT FROM HARDWARE?
 Software is designed , engineer or developed. Software is virtual. That is,
software can be used using proper hardware. And we can only use it. But we
can use, touch, and see hardware. Thus software never gets manufactured, they
are developed. some similarities exist between software development and
hardware manufacture, the two activities are fundamentally different. In both
activities, high quality is achieved through good design, but the manufacturing
phase for hardware can introduce quality problems that are nonexistent (or
easily corrected) for software. Both activities are dependent on people, but the
relationship between people applied and work accomplished is entirely
different. Both activities require the construction of a "product" but the
approaches are different. Software costs are concentrated in engineering. This
means that software projects cannot be managed as if they were manufacturing
projects.
 Software doesnot wear out.as hardware shows defect , When a hardware
component wears out, it is replaced by a spare part  There are no software
spare parts  Every software failure indicates an error in design or in the
process through which design was translated into machine executable code 
Therefore, software maintenance involves considerably more complexity
 Although the industry is moving toward component-based construction,
most software continues to be custom built.Hardware products typically
 employ many standardized design components.  Most software continues to
be custom built.  The software industry does seem to be moving (slowly)
toward component-based construction.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOFTWARE

SYSTEM SOFTWARE:
System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's
hardware and application programs. If we think of the computer system as a layered
model, the system software is the interface between the hardware and user
applications. System software includes:
 Operating systems.
 Device drivers.
 Middleware.
 Utility software.
 Shells and windowing systems.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE:
Application software is a term which is used for software created for a specific
purpose. It is generally a program or collection of programs used by end users. It can
be called an application or simply an app. ... A software which is developed to help
the user to perform specific tasks is called application software.
 1) Word processing software. ...
 2) Spreadsheet Software. ...
 3) Desktop Publishing Software. ...
 4) Database Software. ...

EMBEDDED SOFTWARE:
Embedded software is a piece of software that is embedded in hardware or non-PC
devices. It is written specifically for the particular hardware that it runs on and usually
has processing and memory constraints because of the device’s limited computing
capabilities. Examples of embedded software include those found in dedicated GPS
devices, factory robots, some calculators and even modern smartwatches.
PRODUCT-LINE SOFTWARE:
A software product line is a set of software-reliant systems that share a common,
managed set of features satisfying a particular market or mission area, and are built
from a common set of core assets in a prescribed way.
WEB APPLICATION SOFTWARE:
A web application is a computer program that utilizes web browsers and web
technology to perform tasks over the Internet. Web applications use a combination of
server-side scripts (PHP and ASP) to handle the storage and retrieval of the
information, and client-side scripts (JavaScript and HTML) to present information to
users. This allows users to interact with the company using online forms, content
management systems, shopping carts and more.
Artificial intelligence (AI) software:
Artificial intelligence (AI) software is a computer program which mimics human
behavior by learning various data patterns and insights .Top features of AI software
include machine learning, speech & voice recognition, virtual assistant etc .AI
software is used to build and develop an intelligent application from scratch with the
help of machine learning and deep learning capabilities.
law of unintended consequences
The law of unintended consequences is a frequently-observed phenomenon in
which any action has results that are not part of the actor's purpose.
The superfluous consequences may or may not be foreseeable or even
immediately observable and they may be beneficial, harmful or neutral in their
impact.
efrigerators can now notify owners about spoiled food; lights around town and in
your home can brighten when they detect you walking in the dark; televisions can
make suggestions and record your favorite shows based on your preferences.