Stability of Floating Bodies - Ability of a floating
What is the value of righting
body to return to its neutral position after the
external force has been applied and removed.
Metacenter – a point on the vertical neutral axis
through which the buoyant force always acts for a
small angle of tilt. For stability to exist, the objects
center of gravity must be below its metacenter.
For partially submerged objects the location of
metacenter is found by:
AM = ABo + MBo
Where:
AM = distance from the bottom of the object
to the metacenter
ABo = distance from the bottom of the
object to the center of buoyancy.
The location of the buoyancy Bo is located at the
geometric center of the displacement volume.
MBo = Is/V
Is = moment of inertia about the largest axis of the
area produced if the object were cut at the water line.
MBo = B2/12D (1 + tan2 θ/2)
MG = MBo – GBo
Where MG = metacenter height
1. A rectangular scow 9m wide 15m long and
3.6m high has a draft in sea water of 2.4m.
Its center of gravity is 2.7m above the
bottom of the scow. Determine the initial
metacentric height and final metacentric if
the body is tilted until one end is just
submerged in water.
2. If the center of gravity of a ship in the
upright position is 10m above the center of
gravity of the portion under water, the
displacement being 1000 metric tons, and
the ship is tipped 30 ⁰ causing the center of
buoyancy to the shift sidewise by 8m.
Find the location of the metacenter from
the bottom.
moment.
Relative equilibrium of Fluids
a. Moving vessel with constant
acceleration (horizontal motion)
tan θ = a/g
b. Vertical motion.
P1 = γwh ( 1 + a/g) upward
P2 = γwh(1 – a/g) downward
1. An open tank 1.90m square weighs 3500N
and contains 0.95m of water. It is acted by
an unbalanced force of 11000N parallel to a
pair of sides. Find the constant acceleration
of the tank and the forces acting on the sides
of the tank.
2. An unbalanced vertical force of 300N
upward accelerates a volume of 0.050m3 of
water. If the water is 0.9m deep in a
cylindrical tank. What is the acceleration of
the tank and the force acting on the bottom
of the tank?
Rotating Vessel
a. Cylindrical vessels with free liquid surfaces
– if an open vessel is partly filled with water
or any liquid and is rotated at a certain
velocity about its vertical axis, its free
surface becomes concave in form
y = ω2r2/2g
where: y = height of the paraboloid (m)
ω = angular velocity (rad/sec)
r = radius (m)
 1. An open cylindrical tank one meter in
diameter and 2.5m high is 3/5 full of water.
If the tank is rotated about its vertical axis,
what speed should it have in rpm so that
a. The water could just reach the rim
of the tank.
b. The depth of water at the center is
zero.
c. There is no water at the bottom with
in 20cm from the vertical axis.
2. An open cylindrical tank is 1.20m in
diameter and 2.10m high is 2/3 full of water.
a. Find the amount of water spilled out
if the vessel will at a constant speed
of 90 rpm.
b. What speed in rpm will the vessel
rotate without spilling of water?
above the free surface can point B
before the siphon action breaks
down. Assume the atmosphere
pressure is 101kPa.
3. Water enters a pump through a 250mm
diameter pipe at 35kPa. It leaves the pump
at 140kPa through a 150mm diameter pipe.
If the flow rate is 150 liter/sec. find the
horsepower delivered to the water by the
pump. Assume the suction and discharge
sides of pump are at the same elevation.

Closed cylindrical tank

1. A closed cylindrical vessel, axis vertical, 2m

high and 0.60m in diameter is filled with
water, the pressure intensity at the top being
196.2kPa. the metal side is 2.5mm. If the
vessel is rotated at 240rpm. Compute the
pressure in the wall and against the top. Find
also the hoop tension.

Bernoulli’s Equation

1. A liquid of specific gravity 1.60 flows in a

6cm horizontal pipe. The total energy at a
certain point in the flow is 80J/N. The
elevation of the pipe above a fixed datum is
2.6m. If the pressure at the specified point is
80kPa. Determine the velocity of flow and
power at specified points.
2. In the free siphon shown, compute the
following:
a. Pressure of the water in the tube at
B.
b. Pressure of the water in the tube at
A.
c. If the vapor pressure of water is
0.1799m of water, how high “h”