GEOPHYSICS METHODS

1. Geophysics is a subject of earth science concerned on the principles of physics such as

physical process, physical properties, and it surrounds environment. Quantitively
methods were using for their analysis. Geophysics methods are based on the study of
measure intensity of wave or forced field that related to physical property of subsurface
or the earth's interior. One of the geophysical methods which have been conducted in
North Sumatra is seismic method. Seismic method is a technique or method to determine
geological structure, stratigraphy, and rock quality and giving detailed information about
subsurface properties using travel time and amplitude or reflection and refraction as the
acoustical waves. Seismic reflection surveys were undertaken in North Sumatra Basin.
Explration in North Sumatra basin uses seismic gravity and magnetick methods. A
Gravity survey is an indirect (surface) means of calculating the density property of
subsurface materials. The higher the gravity values, the denser the rock beneath.
Magnetic method involves the measurement of the earth's magnetic field intensity. With
seismic method, we can find out the vertical or lateral subsurface structure. In adition with
seismic we can know the porosity, permeability, rock compacted, structure, and asisting
exploration in oil and gas to detect the presence of hydrocarbon (reservoir).
2. Based on maps, cross section and literatures petroleum system of North Sumatra Basin is
Bampo-Peutu system. The North Sumatra Basin has an area of about 60 000 km 2 and the
Tertiary sediments are up to 5 km thick. The kerogen type tends to be Type III (gas prone)
or Type II/III (gas and oil prone). Source rock from shales and mudstone of Bampo and
Peutu Formation. TOC analyses in the Bampo Formation ranged from 0.27% to 3.84%.
Reservoirs of the North Sumatra Basin range in age from Oligocene to Pliocene and
include both carbonate and clastic reservoirs. The anticlines are formed of mudstones of
the Baong Formation (Middle-Upper Miocene) and the cores of the synclines of
sandstones of the Keutapang and Seureula formations. The reservoir from North Sumatra
Basin is a Bampo Formation (Late Oligocene) consisting of clay and silt with little
carbonaceous material that aligned above the Parapat Formation. This formation is
deposited in the environment of lacustrine. The Peutu Formation consists of silt and
limestone abatu from a shallow marine environment. This formation is deposited during
the transgression process. The type of trap in the North Sumatra Basin is structural
 (anticline), stratigraphic (fault), and a combination of both. The anticlines are commonly
associated with mud volcanoes and oil, gas and warm water seepages. Seals are
impermeable shales from Belumai, Baong, and Keutapang Formations. The estimated of
migration began with the deepest parts of the Palaeogene sequence commenced at 11 Ma.
Hydrocarbon migration takes the form of vertical migration from source rock through
fault zones to reservoir rocks, while lateral migration is possible from sub-basin to
structural height.

REFERENCES

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Halim, I. P. & Nugrahanti, A., 2016. INTEGRASI DATA GEOLOGI, GEOFISIKA DAN
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