MARKING SCHEME - CHEMICAL BONDS

ACTIVITY ANSWERS

1 No.1 Inert, monoatomic, stable, duplet, arrangement

2 Chemical bonds
3 (i) ionic (ii) covalent , sharing
2 1 (i) donates, positive (ii) non-metal, negative
2(a)
(b) 2-

3 1 • Electron arrangement of sodium atom is 2.1

• A sodium atom donates one electron to achieve the stable electron
arrangement which is 2.8.
• Sodium ion, Na+ , is formed
• Electron arrangement of chlorine atom is 2.8.7
• Electron from sodium atom is transferred to a chlorine atom
• A chlorine atom receives/gains electron from sodium atom to achieve
the stable electron arrangement which is 2.8.8
• Chloride ion, Cl- is formed
• The sodium ion, Na + and chloride ion, Cl − formed are attracted to
one another to form an ionic compound sodium chloride, NaCl .
• The strong electrostatic forces between the opposite-charged ions is
called ionic bond.
2 Refer to page 86 - F4 Chemistry text book for guidance
3(a) • Electron arrangement of magnesium atom is 2.8.2
• A magnesium atom donates two electrons to achieve the stable
electron arrangement which is, 2.8.
• Magnesium ion, Mg2+ is formed
• Electron arrangement of chlorine atom is 2.8.7
• Electrons from magnesium atom is transferred to two chlorine atoms
• A chlorine atom receives/ gains electron from magnesium atom to
achieve the stable electron arrangement which is 2.8.8.
• Chloride ion, Cl- is formed
• The magnesium ion,Mg2+ and two chloride ions, Cl − formed are
attracted to one another to form an ionic compound magnesium
chloride, MgCl2
• The strong electrostatic forces between the opposite-charged ions is
called ionic bond
(b) Refer to page 86 - F4 Chemistry text book
4 1 Non-metal, share, stable
2 (i) single bond ,(ii) double bond, (iii) triple bond
3 A pair, two pairs, three pairs
 4 one,1, one, stable, two, contribute, sharing, a single bond, nucleus
5 Refer to page 87 -88 F4 Chemistry text book for guidance
5 1 Six, 2.6, two, octet, two ,two, double
2 Refer to page 88 - F4 Chemistry textbook for guidance
3 Five, 2.5, three, octet, two, three, triple
4 Refer to page 89 - F4 Chemistry textbook for guidance
6 1 Refer to page 86 as guidelines - F4 Chemistry textbook
2 Refer to page 87 - 88 - as guidelines F4 Chemistry textbook
3 Ionic bond Characteristic Covalent bond
Valence electrons Electrons involved Valence electrons
Metals atom and non- metal Elements Non-metals atom and non
atoms metal atoms
Electron transfer to achieve Bond formation Electron sharing to achieve
stable electron arrangement stable electron arrangement
Positive ions (cation) and Particles Molecules
negative ions (anion)

7 1 Ionic compound Properties Covalent compound

solid Physical states at room Solid, liquid or gas
temperature
high Melting point Low

high Boiling points low

Conduct in aqueous Electrical Conductivity Do not conduct electricity

solution or molten state
Soluble Solubility in water insoluble

insoluble Solubility in organic solvent soluble

2,3,4 Refer to page 90 - 91 - F4 Chemistry textbook for giudance

5 Alcohol, acetone, ether, hexane,
Uses of covalent compound – cosmetics, medical, industries
8 (a) 2.8.2
(b) (i) Ionic bond
(ii) Atom A releases 2 electrons to atom B
(iii) to achieve octet electron arrangement / to form ion A2+.
(iii) Each ion drawn correctly
(Iv) high melting point or boiling point/soluble in water / conducts electricity in
aqueous solution or molten state
(c)(i) CB2
(ii) 12 + 2(32) / 12 + 64 = 76
9 (a) Ionic compound
• Electron arrangement of an atom of element G is 2.8.1
• Atom G donates one electron to achieve the stable electron
arrangement which is 2.8
• G ion, G+ is formed
• Electron arrangement of atom W is 2.8.7
• Electron from atom G is transferred to an atom of W
• Atom W receives one electron from atom G to achieve the stable
electron arrangement which is 2.8.8
• W ion, W- is formed
• The G ion, G+ and W ion W- , formed are attracted to one another to
form an ionic compound, GW
• The strong electrostatic forces between the opposite-charged ions is
called ionic bond.
Covalent bond
• Atom E has four valence electrons, with an electron arrangement of 2.4
• It needs four more electrons to achieve the stable electron arrangement
• One atom of E contributes 4 electrons for sharing
• Atom W has seven valence electrons, with an electron arrangement of
2.8.7
• It needs one more electron to achieve the stable electron arrangement
• One atom of E share a pair of electrons with four atoms of W
• Covalent compound of EW4 is formed