A VCN

DR.
NGUYEN TUAN ANH ENGLISH FOR GARMENT TECHNOLOGY AND FASHION
CONTENTS
LESSON 1 INTRODUCTION TO FASHION........................................................ 2

LESSON 2 APPAREL INDUSTRY .......................................................................8
LESSON 3 CLOTHES AND ACCESSORIES ..................................................... 14
LESSON 4 TEXTILE MATERIALS .................................................................... 21
LESSON 5 GARMENT ACCESSORIES AND TRIMMINGS ............................ 30
LESSON 6 SEWING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ............................................. 39
LESSON 7 ANTHROPOMETRICS AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEM............. 45
LESSON 8 PATTERN MAKING......................................................................... 50
LESSON 9 TECH-PACK AND ASSEMBLY LINE ............................................ 56
LESSON 10 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT ............................................. 61
LESSON 11 MERCHANDISING AND RETAILING ......................................... 65
LESSON 12 CURRICULUM VITAE OF JOB INTERVIEW .............................. 70
LESSON 13 BUSINESS LETTER AND EMAIL WRITING ............................... 73
LESSON 14 CONVERSATION IN CLOTHING ................................................. 81
VOCABULARIES................................................................................................ 85
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DR. NGUYEN TUAN ANH ENGLISH FOR GARMENT TECHNOLOGY AND FASHION
LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION TO FASHION
1. Objectives
After this lesson, the students will be able:
To define appropriate terms in fashion field
To explain the significance of fashion for human life
To describe the characteristics of basic fashion styles
To use and practice the fashion terms in writing and speaking English
2. Introduction to fashion
2.1. Definition of fashion
Fashion is a general term for a popular style or practice, especially in clothing, footwear,
accessories, makeup, body piercing or furniture. "Fashion" refers to an idiosyncratic; however, often-
habitual trend in a look and dress up of a person, as well as to establish styles in behavior. "Fashion"
usually is the newest creations made by designers and are bought by only a few numbers of people. It is
classified into many types such as style, basic or classic, fad, fashion forecasting and trends
Fashion design is the art of the application of design and aesthetics or natural beauty to clothing and
accessories. It is influenced by cultural and social norms, and has varied over time and place
Fashion designers work in a number of ways in designing the cloths and accessories. Some
designers working alone and several of them are in a group. They attempt to satisfy consumer desire for
aesthetically designed clothing and due to the time boundary to bring a garment onto the market they
have to anticipate the consumer desire
2.2. History of fashion
1920s: Dresses 1930s: As Coco 1940s: Women became 1950s: Meanwhile, 1950s: Dior's New
changed a lot in this Chanel became more more practical with American teenagers Look became popular:
decade. They became fashionable, women popular folded A-line often wore rolled ups a full skirt that fell to
shorter, and they had imitated the style of skirts because they blue jeans. just below the knee,
low waists wearing lots of long worked while men were and a jacket with a
pearl necklaces soldiers. pulled in waist.
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1960s: This decade 1970s: Women started 1980s: Women's 1990s: Musical groups 2000s: Many people
introduced a more mod- to wear decorated careers became very such as Nirvana and started wearing skinny
look compared to the wrap dresses. important to them. Pearl Jam made jeans with all kinds of
50s. Hemline of skirts They wanted to look 'grunge' popular, and footwear: trainers,
was above knees. powerful in offices to people copied their flats, or high heels.
Hippies wore T-shirts compete with men, so style of plaid shirts and
that were multi-coloured they started to wear torn jeans.
using a specialized jackets and dresses
dyeing technique with shoulders.
2.3. Significance of fashion
Fashion itself is a reflection of social, economic, political and cultural changes. It expresses
modernity and symbolizes the spirit of the times including:
Social norm Work Wealth or change in income
Education Leisure activities Inspiration by friends
Mass media Environment Changing trends and values
Peer groups Customs, traditions Influence by family members
Social criticism Religion Age and gender
2.4. Fashion collection and fashion show
Each season, the design and merchandising departments of each division are responsible for creating
a new line, the seasonal collection that the manufacturer will sell to retail store buyers.
Fashion shows are special events that communicate a fashion story. The selection and organization
of the fashions and model bookings may be done by the fashion office, whereas invitations and other
arrangements may be handled by the special events department. There are four possible ways to
organize these presentations: formal shows, department shows, designer trunk shows, or informal
modeling.
2.5. Fashion cycles

Consumers are exposed each season to a multitude of new styles created by designers. Some are
rejected immediately by the press or by the buyer on the retail level, but others are accepted for a time,
as demonstrated by consumers purchasing and wearing them. The way, in which fashion changes, is
usually described as a fashion cycle. It is difficult to categorize or theorize about fashion without
oversimplifying. Even so, the fashion cycle is usually depicted as a bell shaped curve encompassing five
stages: introduction, rise in popularity, peak of popularity, decline in popularity, and rejection. The cycle
can reflect the acceptance of a single style from one designer or a general style such as the miniskirt.
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Stages of fashion usually consist of design, prototype, manufacturing, product launch and retailing
as shown in the below figure.
2.6. Fashion styles

Fashion style refers to a mode of fashion, as in dress, especially good or approved fashion;
elegance; smartness. Some globally fashion styles are shown as follows:
Bohemian Sophisticated Arty Western Chic Gothic
Traditional Classic Punk Exotic Tomboy Sexy
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Flamboyant Preppy Glamorous Rocker Romantic Modern

2.7. Fashion brands
A brand isn’t just a product, or indeed a logo. A fashion brand is everything that makes up the
hopes, dreams and drivers behind a fashion business and its products.
2.8. Careers in fashion

Fashion designer is a person attempts to design clothes which are functional as well as aesthetically
pleasing. Some fashion designers are famous such as Yves Saint Laurent, Christian Dior, Coco Chanel,
Calvin Klein, Pierre Cardin, Giorgio Armani, Donatella Versace and Ralph Lauren.
Fashion model is a person with a role either to promote, display, or advertise commercial products
or to serve as a visual aide for people who are creating works of fashion arts. Some famous female
models of all time are Mirinda Kerr, Adriana Lima, Heidi Klum, Gisele Bundchen, Alessandra
Ambrosio, Bar Refaeli, Brooklyn Deck... and some famous male models are Tyson Beckford, David
Gandy, Brad Kroenig, Jon Kortajarena, Sean O'Pry, Marcus Schenkenberg, Mathias Lauridsen…
Fashion retailer is a business or a person that sells goods to the consumer, as opposed to a
wholesaler or supplier, who normally sell goods to business in fashion industry.
Fashion editors, together with journalists, stylists, and photographers, act as the eyes and ears of
the consumer. They let the nation or the community know where to find the fashions that are currently
on the market, and they report on how new fashions should be worn and accessorized.
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3. Exercises
Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable job to complete these sentences
Textile factory manager Fashion designer Stylist Fashion journalist PR manager
(a) I am responsible for the brand's public trend. ………………….
(b) I am in charge of negotiating prices with suppliers. ………………
(c) I am working as a job involves manufacturing textiles, managing a team of staff and presenting
designs at fashion shows………………...
(d) My key responsibilities as a textile factory manager is to create a new look, oversee production
and organize a product launch. ………………….
(e) I work as a fashion journalist, designer and trend forecaster. ……………….
Exercise 2: Fill the most suitable word in the dots of each picture
(a) Dealing with clients (a) Managing a team of staff (a) Sourcing fabrics
(b) Working with a PR team (b) Organizing publicity events (b) Working with different media
(c) Creating looks (c) Receiving awards (c) Interviewing other people
(a) Illustrating designs (a) Discussing products with clients (a) Negotiating with clients
(b) Manufacturing textiles (b) Operating machinery (b) Taking photos of models
(c) Presenting designs at fashion show (c) Making contacts at trade fairs (c) Making a market survey
Exercise 3: Choose a suitable word in the table with a similar meaning to the underlined words
is responsible for involves sourcing come up with
supervising negotiating networking monitor
(a) My job as a stylist includes many skills, especially communication, management, and creativity
(b) I spend a lot of time overseeing staff in my team. I need to make sure they know what they are
meant to be doing at all times
(c) Alejandro is our PR manager. He is in charge of the brand's public profile in the media
(d) As a trend forecaster, I spend a lot of time developing relationships with buyers, designers and
textile manufacturers so that I can keep up with new trends
(e) I am responsible for discussing good prices with our suppliers
(f) Finding the right materials for each style is a key part of the design process
(g) Working in the fashion industry means you have to constantly think of new ideas
(h) I am a merchandising manager for a high street retailer. One of my key responsibilities is to
check our fashion lines to make sure they are profitable
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Exercise 4: Complete the verbs in the bracket to correct their grammar

(a) Fashion in clothes has allowed wearers (express) emotion or solidarity with other people
(b) The history of fashion design (refer) to the development of the fashion industry which (design)
clothes and accessories
(c) Fashion forecasting (do) through many communicating media, such as cinema, fashion show,
press, magazine, newspaper
(d) Fashions may (vary) significantly within a society according to age, social class, generation,
occupation and geography as well as over time
(e) In last year, thousands of people (participate) in the first Fashion Revolution Day
(f) During the early years of the 1910s the fashionable silhouette (become) much more lithe, fluid
and soft than in the 19th century
(g) Many fashion houses (close) during the occupation of Paris during World War II, including the
Maison Vionnet and the Maison Chanel. Several designers, including Mainbocher, permanently
(relocate) to New York.
(h) Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel (be) a French fashion designer with the Chanel brand
(i) From the 1920s to the 1990s, popular fashions (reflect) the mood of each decade and (showcase)
changes in society as the styles of clothing and accessories (evolve) with the times.
(j) In the United States, the general trend in fashion (be) towards simplification and longer skirts,
although many women (react) negatively to the midi-length, which they (feel) to be aging.
Exercise 5: Match the two halves of the phrases
1-Creative director a-Retail
2-Pattern maker b-Product launch
3-Machine operator c-Prototype
4-Public relation manager d-Design
5-Sale assistant e-Manufacturing
Exercise 6: Please answer the following questions (refer to section 2.6)
(a) Where do you look for the style?
(b) What do the fashion styles look like? (e.g., shapes, colors, motifs and decorations)
(c) How is your fashion style?
(d) In your opinion, how fashionable are clothes?
(e) What fashion brands do you usually wear?
(f) Which fashion designer makes you like?
(g) What are the differences between Western and Eastern fashion?
Exercise 7: Please show the countries of fashion capitals in the table
New York St Petersburg Milan Sydney Los Angeles Miami Sao Paolo
Rome Paris Moscow Florence Antwerp Barcelona Hong Kong
Tokyo Berlin London Singapore Madrid Shanghai
Exercise 8: Explain the meaning of the words in the table
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Catwalk Casual suit Wear Create Stylish Timeless Traditional Ladylike
Drawing Motif Take off Draw Elegant Classic Tailored Iconic
Haute couture Figure Try on Present Luxury Hot Sophisticated Formal
Pose Competition Vintage Trendy Sexy Modest
Exercise 9: Complete the sentences with the following prepositions
into of at on with
(1) What design details are you thinking……..including?
(2) We’re looking……..using a geometric print?
(3) The team’s working……..the next promotional event
(4) Pinstripes are really popular……the moment
(5) We’re promoting the new collection……….an event in-store
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LESSON 2
APPAREL INDUSTRY
1. Objectives
After this lesson, the students will be able:
To distinguish home dressmaking and apparel industry
To understand the functional divisions and manufacturing processes in a garment company
To explain basic terms and knowledges in apparel industry
To apply the knowledge in this lesson to discuss with partners and clients in English
2. Home dressmaking and apparel industry
Some people like to economize by making clothes at home. Home dressmaking
is fun if you have the time available. It is worth considering making at least a few of
the items needed in your wardrobe. An inexperienced dressmaker should start with
the special easy-to-make patterns produced by the well-known pattern firms.
Sometimes cut-out and ready-to-sew garments can be purchased from fashion
magazines. The garments come in a kit complete with sewing instructions and the
necessary trimmings. Dressmaking process such as buttonholes and belts may
already have been done. It can help give a professional look to your finished garment.
The cut-out garment may be more expensive than a similar garment made from your
own choice of fabric, but it must be remembered that there is no wastage of material
and that the ready-to-sew pattern pieces do save time and labor.
Apparel industry is a manufacturing process of clothing products in which a great
numbers of garments are produced to wholesale distribution. The production
processes of garments include textile industry, apparel industry and retail industry.
3. Stages in apparel industry

Pattern making is a basic procedure for apparel making to design a pattern and put it into an
identifiable form. The traditional method of pattern making includes creation of hard paper patterns. The
modern apparel making system has adopted the digitization of pattern making process. These days many
clothing firms provide the most modern and technical services for garment construction. They can create
fresh computerized patterns or make modifications to existing hard paper patterns or digitize the
available data. These patterns can be made from their own samples or specifications provided by the
apparel manufacturers. Most of these firms try to provide patterns that will sew properly without
confusion in the production line
Pattern grading is the process used for creating sized patterns. There are certain proportional rules
and set increments that form the basis of grading. These rules are set on the basis of analysis on body
measurements of the general population. The clothing firms also help in pattern grading using the
specifications provided by the apparel manufacturers and some of them also assist the manufacturers in
establishing specifications for their product. The grade rules are developed keeping in view the market
segment for which the product is intended such as men, women, youth, child, toddler etc. These firms
mostly use the software available in the market for checking the accuracy of the grades
Marker making: Fabric is the most important basic material for apparel making and it accounts for
around 50 percent of the ex-factory cost of a garment. Thus, material optimization or maximizing fabric
utilization is the fundamental factor for every apparel firm. Marker making is done to avoid material
wastage. While making markers, fabric width, length, fabric type and subsequent cutting method, all are
taken into account. Both single-size marker and multiple-size marker are made using automated marker
making tools and Computer aided design - Computer aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) along with
traditional manual methods. The firms providing this service use previously graded pattern or the
digitized copy of styles provided by the apparel manufacturers
Cutting is apart from using traditional tools such as straight knife, band knife, shears etc. Nowadays,
automatic spreading equipment and computerized cutting systems are widely used for apparel cutting.
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Pattern specifications are kept into consideration while cutting which ensures that the constructed
garment is exactly similar to the sample produced. The use of markers ensures as little textile waste as
possible
Sewing or assembling operation in most of the garment construction companies is closely
supervised for quality control. A variety of apparel styles and fabrics are sewn these days. There are a
large number of sewing machines available for almost any sewing operation. Some of the examples of
such machines are single needle, double needle, safety stitch, automatic meter, automatic multi stitch,
loop tacker, pocket welt, keyhole buttonhole, automatic button sewer, round eyelet etc.
Pressing and finishing: After the sewing operation, the constructed garments are examined, pressed,
tagged and bagged in the pressing and finishing department. The automated processes adopted these
days prevent the possibility of wrinkling of the sewn garments throughout the finishing process
Twelve main manufacturing stages in apparel industry:
(1) Sketching (2) Pattern design (3) Sample making (4) Pattern producing
(5) Grading (6) Marker making (7) Spreading (8) Cutting
(9) Bundling (10) Sewing (11) Inspecting (12) Finishing

4. Structural organizations
4.1. Administrative board
Chief executive officer (CEO) is generally the most senior
corporate officers or administrator in charge of managing a
for-profit organization.
Board of directors is a body of elected or appointed
member who jointly oversee the activities of an
organization.
Director is a person from a group of managers who leads
or supervisors a particular area of a company, program or
project (such as human resources, managing, executive,
company, financial).
Executive is a person responsible for running an
Chairman of the board (COB) is the most organization. General manager is any executive who has
powerful member on the board of directors who overall responsibility for both the revenue and cost
provide leadership to the firm’s officers and elements of a company’s income statement, known as
executives profit and loss (P&L) responsibility.
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4.2. Functional departments

Department Other names
Financial department Accounting department
Purchasing department Shipping department, dispatch department, logistics
General affair department Export/import department, customer service,
Personnel department Staff department, human resources
Production department Manufacturing department, planning department
Engineering department IT department, technical support team, EDP team
Marketing department Public relation (PR) department, sale department
Quality control department Inspection department
Maintenance department
Warehousing department Fabric and accessory department
Pattern department Pattern making department
Sample department Sample room, sample development room, R&D department
Cutting department
Sewing department Assembly line, sewing workshop
Finishing department Pressing and packaging department
5. Careers in apparel industry
Pattern maker typically employs methods to create a pattern:
Flat-pattern method: the entire pattern is drafted on a flat surface from measurements,
using rulers, curves and straight-edges.
Draping method: a muslin mock-up pattern is created by pinning fabric directly on a
form, then transferring the muslin outline and markings onto a paper pattern.
Sewing machine operator or sewing worker is generally responsible for selecting all
of the equipment needed for the sewing process, which includes setting up the machine
and its peripherals, and using the tools correctly
Line supervisor is responsible for the daily operation of the sewing department,
ensuring production to customer quality standards in a timely manner and for the
supervision of all sewing operators
Factory manager is responsible for overall factory management and operations as
well as the budget of the mentioned departments which includes all investment applications
as well as financial responsibility
QC or QA is the combination of quality assurance, the process or set of the processes
used to measure and assure the quality of a product, and QC, the process of meeting
products and services to consumer expectations. QA is process oriented and focuses on
defect prevention, while QC is product oriented and focuses on defects
6. Exercises
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with the suggested words
(a) Sample/be/initial/development/prototype/test/style/size/fit/feasibility/design/production
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Garment/making/be/one/basic/content/fashion/design
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Pattern/maker/discuss/assembly/procedures/with/sample/maker
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Manufacturing/processes/be/coordinated/produce/quality/garments/efficiently
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(e) Finishing/be/last/stage/clothing/production/where/garment/get/its/final/look
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 2: Match the stages in the factory production of garments (1-9) with the pictures (a-i)
(1)…… putting on hangtags (4) …… bundling (7) …… packaging

(2)…… laundering (5) …… stitching (8) …… putting on trim
(3)…… pressing (6) …… folding (9) …… label collar
Exercise 3: Choose the suitable jobs with the following descriptions

(a) CEO (b) COB (c) Director (d) Executive
(e) General manager (f) Pattern maker (g) Operator (h) Line supervisor
(i) QC manager (j) Factory manager (k) Merchandiser (l) Technician
Tasks Descriptions of job
(1) ……….. Use sewing machines and other devices (g)
(2) ……….. Ensure the running an organization (d)
(3) ……….. Create patterns (f)
(4) ……….. Be the most powerful member in the board of director (b)
(5) ……….. Repair and maintain sewing equipment (l)
(6) ……….. Operate the overall activities in a factory (j)
(7) ……….. Ensure the daily operations and the quality in the assembly line (h)
(8) ……….. Lead a particular area of company (c)
(9) ……….. Audit the quality of garment (i)
(10) ……… Perform internal and external communication and prepare for the order (k)
(11) ……… Manage both revenue and cost elements of company’s income statement (e)
(12) ……… Be the most senior corporate executive (a)
Exercise 4: Match the department with the related tasks
Department Tasks
(1) Cutting department (a) To audit the products after the assembly line
(2) Financial department (b) To plan to manufacturing for an order of garment
(3) Finishing department (c) To join the fabric pieces and accessories together
(4) Inspection department (d) To manage the human resources
(5) Marketing department (e) To create an initial garment before the huge production
(6) Pattern department (f) To shear the fabric sheets into the individual pieces
(7) Personnel department (g) To monitor an order and negotiate with the vendors
(8) Production department (h) To create the pieces by the papers
(9) Purchasing department (i) To advertise the garment to the consumers
(10) Sample room (j) To press, tag and pack the finished product
(11) Sewing workshop (k) To manage the money of company
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Exercise 5: Talk about apparel industry by answering the question below

(a) What are differences between home dressmaking and industrial garment manufacturing?
(b) How does the garment assembling company increase the profits?
(c) Which jobs can you do after your graduation?
(d) Please explain for rapidly developing Vietnam’s apparel industry in recent years?
Exercise 6: Describe the flow chart
Write here
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
……………………………………
Exercise 7: Correct the verbs in the bracket of the following sentences

(a) Specifications of pattern (be kept) into consideration while cutting which ensures that
constructed garment is exactly similar to the sample produced
(b) Sewing operation in most of garment companies (be closely supervised) for quality control
(c) Marker making (be done) to avoid material wastage
(d) The traditional method of pattern making (include) creation of hard paper patterns
(e) Most of firms (try) to provide patterns that (sew) properly without confusion in production line
Exercise 8: Fill the suitable words in the following paragraph
workers foreign exchange employment textile and garment sustainable
Vietnam’s (a)………………. sector has seen fast and (b)………………..growth over the past years,
playing an important role in national socio-economic development. Demand for labor in the sector is
huge. Every year, the sector gives (c)…………….for 2.2 million people, generating income for the
(d)………….. Export value of textile and garment products in recent years has been ranking number two
in the country’s total export revenue, earning a major source of (e)…………………. and contributing
significantly to Vietnam’s gross national product and budget.
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clients overall international produce owned company domestic foreign
An original design manufacturer (ODM) is a (a)……… that designs and manufactures a product as
specified and eventually rebranded by another firm for sale. Such companies allow the brand firm to (b)
……… without having to engage in the organization or running of a factory. ODMs have grown in size
in recent years and many are now sufficient in size to handle production for multiple (c)………, often
providing a large portion of (d) ……… production. A primary attribute of this business model is that the
ODM owns or designs in-house the products that are branded by the buying firm. This is in contrast to a
contract manufacturer (CM). This model is especially used in (e) ……… trade, where a local ODM is
used to produce goods for a (f)……… company that sees some advantage in the transaction, such as low
labor inputs, transport links or proximity to markets. Innovative and patented technologies (g)……… by
the ODM are another cause for this product distribution model. ODM models are also used where local
ownership laws possibly prohibit direct ownership of assets by foreigners, allowing a local firm to
produce for a brand company for either the (h)……… market or export.
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LESSON 3
CLOTHES AND ACCESSORIES
1. Objectives
After this lesson, the students will be able
To classify the types of clothes and accessories
To explain the meanings of wearing clothes in the human life
To use basic terminologies in communicating with partners
To describe the characteristics of popular clothes
2. Role of clothes
Why do we wear clothes? Our clothes are rightly recognized as “the second skin.” At every stage of
life and in every ceremony, clothes play an important role. They cover our body and protect it from
adverse climatic conditions.
Clothes enhance our personality. These are made from various kinds of materials and sewn in
several forms called dresses or garments. A well-fitted dress, worn according to the occasion and time
speaks a lot about the person’s habits, taste, social status, behavior and many other traits. Generally,
men, women and children dress up differently and they also have sets of dresses for different purposes
and occasions, for example, dresses for formal, casual occasions, sports and nightwear.
Color of our clothing, in our country, is decided according to season, climate, age, occasion, marital
status, gender, community, happiness and sorrow. The religion and occupation of a person can also be
judged by the clothes a person wears. Lastly and most importantly, clothes also tell us about the habits
of the wearer and his/her approach to hygiene. If the clothes are dirty and crushed we tend to think the
person is careless, shabby and poor. Crisp, freshly washed and well ironed clothes lend a well groomed
appearance to the wearer.
Protection Safety Identification Modesty
Styles and colors Status Uniforms Decoration
3. Types of clothes
3.1. Outfits (outer garments)
Men shirt Women shirt T-shirt, tees Polo-shirt
Blouse Blouson Suits Dress
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Jacket Coat Pyjamas Sweater
Pullover Jumper Cardigan Tunics
Shorts Pants, trousers (UK) Jeans Skirt
Bloomers Diaper Bikini Vest
Gown Apron Tank top Tube top

3.2. Underwear (undergarment, underclothes)
Men’s underwear
Boxer shorts
Briefs
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Lingerie (women’s underwear, underthings)
Panties, knickers Bra, chemise Camisole Corset, bodice

3. Fashion accessories
Market share of fashion accessories
3.1. Footwear (shoes)

Shoes
Oxford Loafer Debbie Wingtip
Monk strap Boat Brogue Saddle

Boots
Chelsea Desert Jodhpur Plain toe
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Clogs (hard sole)
Sneakers (soft sole)
Pumps (high heel)
Flats (low heel)
Slippers
Sandals
3.2. Handbags (purse or pouch)

Handbag refers to a small bag for holding coins and some personal items
Baguette Barrel Bowling Bucket Clutch
Doctor’s Drawstring Half-moon Hobo Kiondo
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Lighted Messenger Minaudière Muff Pouch
Saddle Satchel Tote Trapezoid Wristlet

3.3. Jewelries
Jewelry consists of small decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings,
necklaces, earrings, and bracelets. It may be attached to the body or the clothes, and the term is restricted
to durable ornaments, excluding flowers for example. For many centuries metal, often combined with
gemstones, has been the normal material for jewelry, but other materials such as shells and other plant
materials may be used.
Earrings Bracelets Necklace Ring Anklet

3.4. Other accessories
Socks Stockings Pantyhose Handkerchief Gloves
Fingerless gloves Mitten Muff Ear muff Umbrella
Cap Hat Bonnet Hijab Turban
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Bow Scarf Watch Belt Tie
Canes Glasses Wallet Hand fans Backpack

4. Exercises
animals body fiber fabric
interlaced warm hair and skin clothes
When early people realized they needed more than their own ………………. to protect them from
the weather, they looked around to see what was available. People lived in a cold climate, saw animals
with skins that kept them……….. They hunted these …………..for food and used the fur to cover
their…….. Once they started to hunt they used the skin of animals as………. This skin when
continuously used becomes harder and made difficult for them to hunt. For this purpose he started to
treat the skin to preserve its softness. Later the bones of animals were used as needle and nerves were
used as thread to stitch the hides. Ancient people used grasses, reeds, leaves and stems to cover their
body. He also learned to spin the ………, convert it into yarn and these yarns are …………. to form a
cloth. Flax and wool were the first of the fiber to be used because they were easier to twist into yarn than
cotton. They also used the hair of animals as bed, in due course, these hairs tangled with each other and
formed as a ………... This method is only followed while making felt cloth.
Exercise 2: Classify the following fashion accessories
Pullover Hard-wearing casual trousers made of denim or other cotton fabric
Dress A woman’s upper garment resembling a shirt, typically with a collar, buttons, and sleeves
Bikini An outer garment extending either to the waist, typically having sleeves and a fastening down the front
Blouse A one-piece garment for a woman or girl that covers the body and extends down over the legs
Shirt An outer garment with sleeves, worn outdoors and typically extending below the hips
T-shirt A knitted garment worn on the upper body, typically with long sleeves, put on over the head
Suits A garment for the upper body with a collar and sleeves, and with buttons down the front
Gown An outer garment covering the body from the waist to the ankles, with a separate part for each leg
Jeans A two-piece swimming costume for women
Jacket A knitted garment put on over the head and covering the top half of the body
Sweater An undergarment worn by women to support the breasts
Coat A short-sleeved casual top, generally made of cotton, having the shape of a tee when spread out flat
Pants A set of outer clothes made of the same fabric and designed to be worn together
Skirt A protective garment worn in hospital, either by a staff member during surgery or by a patient
Bra A woman’s outer garment fastened around the waist and hanging down around the legs
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Exercise 3: Fill the suitable verbs in the blanks
(1) Rinse
(2) Fold
(3) Wash
(4) Dry
(5) Iron
(6) Hang up
(7) Bleach
(8) Dye
(9) Squeeze
Exercise 4: Use the suggested words in the table to show the parts in the picture
Dress Stockings
Handbag Bracelet
Sweater Earring
Skirt Brooch
Blouse Buckle
Belt Pants
Shorts Bra
Shoe Panty
T-shirt Dressing gown
Boots Handkerchief
Coat Slippers
Umbrella Sandals
Raincoat Heel
Nightdress Shoulder bag
Sole Headband
Necklace Petticoat
Scarf Tights
Exercise 5: Order the following fashion accessories to fit with their definitions
Scarf A small timepiece worn typically on a strap on one’s wrist
Handbag Women’s underwear and nightclothes.
Slippers A women’s garment fits closely over the foot and is held up by an elasticated strip at the upper thigh
Watch A kind of soft, flat hat without a brim and typically with a peak:
Necklace A length or square of fabric worn around the neck or head
Stockings A comfortable slip-on shoe that is worn indoors.
Lingerie An ornamental chain or string of beads, jewels, or links worn round the neck
Cap A small container used by a woman to carry everyday personal items
Wallet A sturdy item of footwear covering the foot and ankle, and sometimes also the lower leg
Boots A pocket-sized flat folding case for holding money and plastic cards.
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LESSON 4
TEXTILE MATERIALS
1. Objectives
To identify the names of textile fibers and classify these materials
To appropriately use the textile materials in clothing and related fields
To understand the origin of natural and man-made textile fibers
To explain the identification of fibers by appearance or burning
To know terms of fabrics and communicate in English in textile materials
2. Fibers
2.1. Definitions
It is defined as one of the delicate, hair portions of the tissues of a plant or animal or other
substances that are very small in diameter in relation to the length. The fiber length is longer times than
its thickness. Textile fiber can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by various methods including
weaving, knitting, braiding, felting and twisting. The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into
yarn include a length of at least 5 millimeters, flexibility, cohesiveness, and sufficient strength. Other
important properties include elasticity, fineness, uniformity, durability, and luster.
2.2. Classification
NATURAL FIBER
Plants
Cotton Flax Ramie Jute
Hemp Coir Kapok Bamboo

Animals
Sheep Silkworm Rabbit Goat
Musk-ox Camel
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REGENERATED FIBERS
Rayon fibers
Nitrocellulose Viscose Lyocell Cuproamonium

Acetate and triacetate fiber
Diacetate Triacetate
Regenerated protein fibers
Casein Zein Soybean

SYNTHETIC FIBERS
Organic fibers
Polyamide (PA) Polyester (PES) Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene (PP)
Polyurethane (PU) Acrylic (PAN) Polyimide (PI) Aramid (AR)

Inorganic fibers
Carbon (CF) Ceramic (CEF) Glass (GF) Metal (MTF)

2.3. Identification of fibers
(a) Based on the burning tests
Fibers Near flame Burning Odor Residue
Cellulosic fibers: Catches fire easily Continue to burn with Like smell of Light, feathery,
cotton, linen, jute, a bright flame, have burning paper grayish/black smooth ash
rayon an afterglow
Protein fibers: wool, Smolder and burn Slow flickering flame, Like smell of Silk-crisp dark ash, wool
silk sizzle, curl burning hair dark and crushable bead
Synthetic fibers: nylon, Shrink on Soften, melt and burn Mixed smell of Hard, black, uncrushable
polyester, acrylic… approaching flame chemicals bead
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(b) Based on the characteristics

Fibers Appearance Touch Feel Care
Cotton Dull in appearance but Feels smooth and soft to Given a cool feeling Wrinkles easily more if it
lustrous when starched touch is starched
Linen Low to medium luster Soft and smooth texture Gives a warm feeling Wrinkles easily
Jute dull Rough and hairy texture Gives a warm and rough Does not wrinkle easily
Wool Medium to low luster; Soft, smooth and Warm to touch Does not wrinkle easily
poor quality has now absorbent; also bulky to
luster look at
Silk Delicate looking and Smooth, soft and light Warm to touch Does not wrinkle easily
lustrous
Rayon Can be lustrous or Soft and shiny but Gives cool feeling Wrinkles easily
without it heavier than silk
Synthetic Can be dull or semi-dull Heat sensitive soften and Most fabrics feel warm Withstand friction and do
fiber or lustrous acrylic fiber melt on application of not wrinkle thus easy to
look like wool heat care
2.4. Properties of fibers
(a) Cotton fiber is the smallest of all the textile fibers. They are white, cream or light brown in color
and fine and strong. These are absorbent, porous and cool and allow the body heat to go out. Hence,
fabrics made out of it are used as summer wear as cotton wrinkles very easily. Fabrics made from
cotton are strong, durable and easy to wash and are used to make towels, sheets, pillow covers, etc., that
require frequent washing.
(b) Flax fiber is a ‘bast fiber’ and fabric made from it is called linen. It is a staple fiber though its
length (20-30 inches) is more than the other staple fibers available. Linen fabric is shiny, smooth,
durable and easy to wash. Like cotton, it wrinkles very easily, is cool, absorbent and is suitable for
summer wear.
(c) Jute fibers are short and lustrous but weaker than flax. The fibers are hairy and generally rough.
It is used for making gunny bags and cords. As jute is a rough fiber, so these days jute is mixed with
other soft fibers for fabric construction. Also increasingly these days accessories like slippers and bags
made out of Jute are in popular demand.
(d) Wool is obtained from the fleece of domestic goats, sheep, rabbits, etc. The color of wool fibers
may vary from off-white to light cream. Fabrics made from wool are soft, smooth, absorbent and do not
wrinkle easily. These do not allow the body heat to go out and act as insulators. This is why the fabric
made out of these fiber is used as winter wear. Wool is a weak fiber and is easily affected by common
washing soaps, powders and friction.
(e) Silk is a natural, protein filament produced by silk worm. Fabrics made from silk are soft, fine,
smooth, lustrous, warm and stronger than wool. It is called ‘Queen of the Fiber’ and is used for formal
wear.
(f) Rayon is a man-made filament fiber which is lustrous, smooth, cool and absorbent but is weak in
nature. It wrinkles very easily. Because of its close resemblance to silk, rayon is also called ‘artificial
silk’ or ‘art silk’. It is used as a summer wear. These fibers are naturally thermoplastic i.e., they are heat
sensitive and soften and melt by high heat.
(g) Synthetic fibers are made from petroleum products. Nylon, polyester, acrylic, etc., are the
examples of synthetic fibers. Like rayon these are also thermoplastic fibers. Since these fibers catch fire
easily and can stick to the body, they should not be worn while working in kitchen and near a flame.
Synthetics do not wrinkle and can be made dull or shiny. They have good strength and are easy to wash
and dry quickly. In other words, these fabrics are easy to care and maintain.
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3. Yarns
3.1. Definitions
Yarn is a generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments
or material in a form suitable for knitting and weaving or other intertwining
to form a textile fabric. Yarn plays an important role in the fabric
manufacturing process since a majority of textile materials are constructed
with yarns. Yarns are also used for products such as sewing and embroidery
thread, string and rope. Yarns are produced in various sizes and textures and
also vary in other characteristics.
3.2. Classifications
Single
Simple Cords
Spun yarn Plied
Cables
Yarn Complex – Novelty - Fancy
Mono filament
Filament yarn Flat filament
Multi filament
Twisted filament
Spun yarn or staple fiber yarn or single yarn is made by mechanical assembly and
twisting together (spinning) of staple fibers. Ring spinning, rotor spinning, wrap
spinning, air-jet spinning machines are used to produce these yarns. Plied yarn is
composed of two or more single yarns twisted together.
Filament yarn is a continuous fiber with an unidentified length. This yarn is stronger
than spun threads of the same fibre and size S and Z twists
Spun Corespun Monofilament Smooth multifilament Textured filament

3.3. Yarn count
Direct system Indirect system
Diameter of yarn  95, 115, 204, 332, 885 Diameter of yarn  56, 46, 36, 26, 16, 6
Denier: weight of 9,000m length Metric: length (1 km) of 1 kg
Tex: weight of 1,000m length Cotton: length (840 yards) of 1 pound
Decitex: weight of 10,000m length Worsted: length (256 yards) of 1 pound
Woolen: length (560 yards) of 1 pound
Example: English Count: 24/1 denotes a single yarn (“24” single), 48/2 denotes a plied yarn (“48’s” 2-ply)
4. Fabrics
4.1. Definition
Fabric or cloth refers to any material made through weaving, knitting,
spreading, crocheting, or bonding that may be used in production of further
goods. Fabric is a pliable, strong sheet made from fibers or yarns.
Fabric must demand the physical properties (type, size, weight,
thickness, color, yarn density, creasing, shrinkage, contour, durability, hand
feeling, air permeability, heat transmission, moisture absorbance), and
chemical properties (basic agents, acid agents, oxidisers, toxicity).
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4.2. Classification
Woven fabric Knitted fabric Nonwoven fabric
4.3. Manufacturing methods of fabrics

Weaving is interlacing of two sets of yarns – warp and weft at 90 o angles to each other. Straight
yarns in fabric are known as warp yarns. Horizontal yarns are known as weft yarns. Along the length of
the woven fabric, on both sides, end yarns are woven very densely and the portion is named as selvedge.
It does not allow the fabric yarns to come out from the lengthwise edge. The portion between the two
selvedges is the body of the fabric.
Plain weave is also known as Twill weave is woven on three to Satin weave is woven on five to
homespun, tabby or taffeta weave. It four harness looms. In this, one weft twelve harness looms. If woven on a
is the easiest to weave where one yarn moves over two and under one five harness loom, one weft yarn
weft yarn alternatively moves over warp yarn. Twill woven fabric is passes under 4 warp yarns and
one and under another warp yarn. distinguished by a continuous goes over one warp yarn. It differs
Maximum production of fabric is diagonal line called wale. Variation from twill weave as it has long yarns
done in plain weave. It is in diagonal lines produces various floating on the surface. There is no
inexpensive weave, most suitable designs of twill. Twill weave is design visible on the face of the
for printing and embroideries. To woven tightly, that is why it is fabric but it has a smooth and shiny
see the variations of the weave, note suitable for work clothes and for surface. Satin fabric is an example
the fabrics like muslin, cambric, men’s clothes. Examples of twill of satin weave. Fabrics woven in this
hand spun and hand woven woven fabrics are gabardine, tweed, weave are suitable for making
khaddar, organdy, poplin, voile, etc. denim, jean, etc. formal wear garments.
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Knitting is the process of formation of loops of yarns and drawing of new loops through
those formed previously (inter-looping). Depending on the types of knitting, it either
moves right to left or left to right (weft knitting) or the yarns run lengthwise (warp
knitting). Hand knitting is the most common example of weft knitting, though it is also
done on machines to make many types of sweaters, T-shirts, and socks, etc. Warp
knitting is only possible on machines. Knitted fabrics are used to make casual wear,
party wear, sportswear, undergarments as well as household articles such as bed
sheets, bed covers, blankets, etc. Knitted fabrics are well known for their fit, comfort,
stretchability, warmth, absorbency, and wrinkle resistance.
4.4. Commercial names of fabrics
Name Definition Surface Uses
Calico Calico is a plain-woven cotton cloth printed with a Blouses, dresses,
figured pattern, usually on one side. The fabric is less gowns, sturdy
coarse and thick than canvas or denim, but owing to bags, quilts,
its unfinished and undyed appearance, it is still very curtains, pillows
cheap.
Canvas A firm closely woven plain weave cloth. Very strong. Upholstery
Used for trousers and heavy outerwear. Canvas is
versatile strong cotton.
Chiffon Often the lightest weight and most diaphanous of the Eveningwear
silks (also the most see-through). It creates the dresses, blouse
"billows" of fabric that dimension is added. Flat and
crinkled chiffon is one of the hardest fabrics. It is
stretched when ironing and shrinked when steaming.
Corduroy Corduroy looks like cotton velvet but has stripes in it. It Trousers, jackets
is a cut pile (compared to the singular pile of velvet).
The stripes are created using needles at different
widths and are called “wales”. Narrow stripes are
called needle cord, wide are called jumbo cord.
Cotton duck Cotton duck, also simply duck or linen canvas, Sneakers, tents,
sometimes duck cloth or duck canvas, is a heavy, sandbags,
plain woven cotton fabric. Duck canvas differs from hammocks, work
plain canvas in that the threads in the former are more clothes
tightly woven
Crepe It is a silk, wool, or synthetic fiber fabric with a Dresses, suits,
distinctively crisp, crimped appearance. gowns, blouses,
skirts
Denim A sturdy cotton warp-faced twill textile in which the Jeans, jackets,
weft passes under two or more warp threads.This twill hats, shirts,
weaving produces the familiar diagonal ribbing of the handbags, capri
denim that distinguishes it from cotton duck (a linen pants, upholstery
canvas)
Jacquard Jacquard is a category of fabric that is defined by the Quilt, curtains,
process of weaving that creates it. The style of pillows, dresses
weaving, called Jacquard weaving, allows virtually any
loom to systematically raise independent warp threads
to create a textured pattern.
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Jersey Jersey is a knit fabric used predominantly for clothing Dresses,

manufacture. It was originally made of wool, but is women’s tops
now made of wool, cotton, and synthetic fibres. It
includes single, double, interlock, jacquard, clocque
jersey
Kate TC fabric is a very popular type of polyester cotton Shirt (workwear),
TC (65PES) fabric. This kind of workwear fabric provides an uniforms,
CVC (60CO) optimum polyester/cotton proportion that guarantees
excellent strength properties and good hygienic
characteristics.
Khaki It is made with cotton, wool, or combinations of these Uniforms, dress
fibres, as well as with blends of synthetic fibres. It is trousers, apron,
made in a variety of weaves, such as serge.
Organza Organza is a thin, plain weave, sheer fabric Bridalwear,

traditionally made from silk. A sheer silk with highly eveningwear,
twisted threads, which make it strong and crisp. It has sheer curtains
a natural sheen and it is thin and stiff.
Plain Plain weave (also called tabby weave, linen weave or Canvas, blankets
taffeta weave) is the most basic of three fundamental Tafteta, chiffon,
types of textile weaves (along with satin and twill) organza fabric
Sateen Shinny on one side giving the look of satin. Comes in Skirts, trousers
thin to heavy weights. Often seen with lycra for small and shirts
stretch
Satin Shinny one-sided surface. Comes in lightweight to Jackets, shorts,

heavier weight varieties. Satin has a nice drape. lingerie, ties,
Duchess satin is heaviest and much stiffer in hand feel blouses,
nightgowns,
Taffeta Taffeta is a crisp, smooth, plain woven fabric made

from silk or cuprammonium rayons. The word is
Persian in origin and means "twisted woven." It is
considered to be a "high-end" fabric
Tartan A woolen or worsted cloth woven with stripes of Curtains,

different colors and widths crossing at right angles, cushions,
worn chiefly by the Scottish Highlanders, each clan furniturings,
having its own distinctive plaid. ulphostery
Tulle A fine open weave. A jersey version of netting which is Veils, gowns,
often starched. Used for lingerie and jersey tops. ballet tutus,
Sometimes very sheer with the fine yarns and open decorations
weave, it can also be made in much heavier fibers
creating a dense but open jersey
Tussah An Asian silkworm, the larva of a large saturniid moth Sari, handicrafts,
that produces a coarse brownish or yellowish silk. furnishing
Tussar is valued for its rich texture and natural deep
gold colour
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Twill Twill is a type of textile weave with a pattern of Denim, tweed,

diagonal parallel ribs. This is done by passing the weft garbardine, drill,
thread over one or more warp threads and then under serge farbic
two or more warp threads and so on
Velvet Velvet is a type of woven tufted fabric in which the cut Drape,
threads are evenly distributed, with a short dense pile, decorations,
giving it a distinctive feel. By extension, the word furnituring,
velvety means "smooth like velvet." Velvet can be covering, cushion
made from either synthetic or natural fibers.
Voile Voile is a soft, sheer fabric, usually made of 100% Mosquito nets,
cotton or cotton blends including linen or polyester. net curtain,
dresses
5. Exercises
Exercise 1: Match column A with column B and fill in the given blanks
(1) Jute ………………….. (a) Plant fibers
(2) Cotton ………………….. (b) Man-made fibers
(3) Rayon ………………….. (c) Bast fibers
(4) Silk ………………….. (d) Regenerated fibers
(5) Nylon ………………….. (e) Natural fibers
(6) Lyocell fibers ………………….. (f) Animal fibers
(7) Wool ………………….. (g) Silkworm
(8) Linen ………………….. (h) Flax
Exercise 2: Find the name of fiber in the wonder box
Exercise 3: Play the crossword puzzle

The combining of separate elements to form a textile polymer
A small and slender steel rod with a hole that thread pass through
A unit of weight used to measure the density of yarns.
A type of plant fiber used in making textiles and other products
A fine, threadlike piece, as of cotton, jute, wool…
The dense, soft, often curly hair forming the coat of sheep and other mammals
An act to interlace threads or yarns to form a fabric.
Exercise 4: State whether the following statements are true or false.
(a) Silk yarn breaks easily.
(b) Bulky yarns need less number of twists in one inch length.
(c) Slub yarns have thick and thin places.
(d) Cord yarn is made from single yarn.
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Exercise 5: Fill in the blanks with appropriate words

cotton multiple strand yarn (a) A simple yarn has uniform …………… in per inch length.
fibers do not break easily (b) Cord yarn is a ……………
synthetic (c) Flex is stronger than……………
thickness (d) Synthetic yarns stretch and ……………
Exercise 6: Choose the correct answer of the four given at the end of each statement
light weight and loosely woven (a) Muslin is a fabric which is ……………………
heavy weight and thick (b) Denim is a fabric which is ……………………
transparent and crisp (c) Organdy is a fabric which is ……………………
medium weight and plain (d) Poplin is a fabric which is ……………………
Exercise 7: Give one difference between the followings
(a) Coarse and fine yarn
(b) S and Z twist
(c) Spun and filament yarns
Exercise 8: Complete the text with passive forms of the verbs below
Velvet…….. (make) from many different kinds of fibers including silk, cotton, linen, and wool.
It……. (weave) on a special loom that weaves two pieces of velvet at the same time. The a pile effect
……. (create) and the fabric ………. (wind) on separate rolls. After that it ………. (color) either ………
(dye) or …………(print) and then ………… (finish). Most recently, synthetic velvets……….. (develop)
and also mixtures of synthetic and natural fibers such as viscose mixed with silk. Sometime, a small
percentage of spandex………… (add) to give stretch to the fabric.
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LESSON 5
GARMENT ACCESSORIES AND TRIMMINGS
1. Objectives
To understand and classify the garment accessories and trims used in clothing industry
To distinguish the accessories and trims in English
To expand the knowledge in garment industry due to the diversity of textile materials
To generally know the applications of accessories and trims
To compare Vietnamese and English vocabularies and may communicate in this area
2. Definitions
Garment accessories, trims or trimmings are all things of a garment product without fabrics.
Trims are those items that are fixed with a garment and part and parcel of that garment.
Accessories are such items that are not parts and parcel of garment but are required for finishing or
marketing of garment.
TRIMS ACCESSORIES TRIMS ACCESSORIES TRIMS ACCESSORIES
Label Poly bag Piping cord Gum tape Seam sealing tape Size sticker
Button Elastic bag Emblem Arrow sticker Shoulder pad Carton pad
Zipper Mini poly bag Logo print Scotch tape Cable Both size tape
Padding Master carton Swivel hook Barcode Adjuster Plastic staple
Interlining Inner carton Eyelet/grommet Defect indicator Elastic threads Iron seal
Velcro tape PP band Collar stay Tissue paper Shoulder tape Clip
Elastic Tag pin Cord belt Back board Ball chain
Thread Brass pin Buckle Neck board Size tag
Twill tape Collar stand Rivet Butterfly Carton sticker
Stopper Safety pin Weaving belt Numbering stickers Safety sticker
String/Draw cord Size clip Hook and eye Hanger Plastic clip
3. Sewing thread
Thread is made by yarn multiplying, since it should have sufficient strength to absorb tension during
sewing operations. Natural textile products such as cotton thread, silk thread, etc. have been used as
sewing thread before. Nowadays, however, chemical fiber products such as polyester thread, nylon
thread, etc. are largely used. Some types of sewing thread are popularly used as follows:
Filament thread means that left twist (Z) is applied to the thread after right twist (S) is applied to
the filament that is spun by melting and doubling of 2 to 3 filaments is performed.
Spun thread means that left twist (Z) (second twist) is applied to the staple after doubling (first
twist) of right twisted single yarn and doubling of 2 to 3 yarns is performed.
Wooly thread is a thread that doubling of these two yarns is performed and the twist is applied. This
thread is called filament expansion processed thread.
Monofilament thread is just the same as long fiber that is spun by melting and a long yarn without
twist. In addition to sewing thread, this thread is used for fishing thread or the like.
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4. Closures or fasteners
4.1. Button
Button is a small disk, knob, or the like for sewing or otherwise attaching
to an article, as of clothing, serving as a fastening when passed through
a buttonhole or loop. Moreover, button is used to decorate for the
garments. Button is made from metal, wood, pearl, shell, ivory, plastic,
stone, ceramic, etc.
Button Shank button
Worked button Covered button Stud button Flat button Frog button
4.2. Snap fasteners
(a) Sew-on snaps
Traditional Nylon Snap tape
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(b) Snap fasteners, press-studs
Open-ring Pearl Color Heavy duty Anorak

4.3. Zippers
Zipper (fermeture, clasp locker) is used as closures on garments, accessories and home decorations.
The prototype of today’s zipper was actually a series of hooks and eyes that closed mechanically. It
was invented in 1891 by an engineer named Whitcomb L. Judson. First used as a closure for mail bags,
tobacco pouches, and boots, Judson’s zipper was eventually adapted for use in clothing and marketed as
the “C-Curity Placket Fastener.” The early zipper was not an immediate success because it was rather
crude and tended to come open.
In 1913, Swedish-bern engineer Gideon Sundback developed a zipper using metal teeth instead of
hooks and eyes. This was the prototype for today’s zipper. Sundback is known as the father of the zipper
industry and was vice president of Talon until his death in 1954.
Around 1940, research on coil zippers began in Europe. The first coil zipper was made of two
interlocking brass coils. However, these coils could be permanently bent out of shape, making it
impossible to operate the zipper. It wasn’t until after the discovery of stronger, more flexible synthetics
that a viable coil zipper could be designed. Coil zippers became an important part of the zipper market
in the early 1960’s. Today, there are many different types of zippers available to the home sewer.
Zippers are manufactured in a multitude of different lengths and styles. This leaflet will help you learn
to install a zipper and help you to select the zipper that best suits your project.
Conventional zipper
One end of the zipper is open, designed for an open placket application
Separating zipper
Both ends of the zipper are open, used on jackets, coats, and blouses.
Invisible zipper
One of end of the zipper is open, special sewing machine foot is
available for easy application
(a) Close-end zipper

(b) Open-end zipper
(c) Two-way separating zipper
(d) O-type two-way zipper
(e) X-type two way zipper
(f) Loop zipper
(g) Top open zipper
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
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4.4. Hooks and eyes

Traditional, fur Specialty (hooks and bars) Corset hooks (coat, jumbo)
4.5. Drawstring, lacings and ties
Drawstring Lacings Ties

4.6. Belts and buckles
Overall buckle Vest buckle Parachute buckle

Fashion buckle
Dungarees buckle Waistband buckle Safety or clip buckle
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Waistband buckle Dungarees fittings Clips Bikini clasp

4.7. Velcro (hooks and loops fasteners, magic tapes, touch fasteners)
The hook‐and‐loop fastener was conceived in 1941 by Swiss engineer
George de Mestral who lived in Commugny, Switzerland. The idea came to
him one day after returning from a hunting trip with his dog in the Alps. He
took a close look at the seeds of burdock that kept sticking to his clothes and
his dog's fur. He examined them under a microscope, and noted their
hundreds of "hooks" that caught on anything with a loop, such as clothing,
animal fur, or hair. He saw the possibility of binding two materials reversibly in
a simple fashion if he could figure out how to duplicate the hooks and loops. It
took Mestral around 10 years to perfect the process, and Velcro was born.
4.8. Other fasteners
D-rings Plastic rings Rivets Cord locks, toggles Safety pins
Eyelets Grommets (heavy) Snap hook Shoulder trap Pins

5. Decorating accessories
5.1. Labels
Labels are not functional component of a garment but essential for many reasons. Six common labels
those are found in garments are brand label, size label, care label, flag label, manufacturer code, and
special label. Each label has specific purpose and carries some kind of information.
Brand label It indicates brand name or brand logo of the company that
Main label sources and sells clothes. Brand labels play a big role to
customers as because customers only know the brand and
they buy the brand. A brand level is associated with the
product quality, durability and feel good factor. Like, we go
buy Levis jeans and Tommy Hilfiger for shirts and Polo shirts,
Zara for dresses etc.
Size label It defines a specific set of measurements of human body.
Sizes labels may be printed only a later to denote a specific
size. Such as S for Small, M for Medium and L for Large size
garments. Customer knows which size fit them well.
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Care label This label includes wash care and ironing instruction. For
details of wash care instructions refer Garment wash care
symbols. Care labels are attached at side seam. The purpose
of care labels is to warn wearers what not to do to during
washing, drying and ironing to maintain color, specific printed
designs, after wash shrinkage and color bleeding issues.
Flag label A small label attached at outside side seam. Flag labels are
normally made of brand logos and it is primarily used as
design features.
Manufacturer label This label includes manufacturer’s code given by buyers.
Most of the international buyers source garments from
different part of the world and distribute those garment across
the world. In case buyer needs to track the manufacturer of a
particular product, they use this code.
Special label 100% cotton and organic cotton are example of such special
labels. Special labels normally attached to draw customer
attention at time of purchasing.
Positions on
garment
5.2. Other decorations
Creative decor Fringes Tassels Soutache Rosettes
Cord Elastic tape Ribbon Lace Canvas tape

6. Packaging accessories
Hang tags Price tags Clips Scotch tape
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Butterfly, collar stay Tag pins Collar band, insert Pins
Cardboard Carton Polybag PP belt

7. Reinforcing materials
7.1. Interlinings
Interlining is one kind of accessories that is used between
the two layers of fabric in a garment to keep the different
component or part in a desired shape and strength. Specifically,
the interlinings are to support and control the shape, to control
the area, to reinforce the components, to make the beauty, to
ensure the anticipated look and quality and performance for
garment. They can be made by woven fusible, woven non-
fusible, non-woven fusible, non-woven non-fusible materials.
A fusible interlining combines the following three factors:

 Base material – also called the substrate.
 Thermoplastic resins – synthetic resins which melt when subjected to heat and revert to their
original solid state when cooled.
 Coating – the amount of resin deposited and how it is secured on to the base fabric.
7.2. Linings
Lining is known as an extra fabric (generally smooth and lustrous made of silk or manufactured fiber
or cotton) used in inner face of body fabric at garment to provide extra protection. Taffeta is a general
term that refers to any plain woven filament (non-cotton) yarn fabric
7.3. Shoulder pads
For a long time it is being used the shoulder pad to make of garment for men and women.
Sometimes, it is used as a functional part of garment. Also sometimes, it is used to increase the beauty of
garments as a decorative part. Shoulder may be different in size, thickness, structure and quality. It is
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made from different types of materials but shoulder pad made from foam is comparatively cheap and
easy to wash. It is widely used in shoulder of coat and blazer.
7.4. Elastic
Elastic is a narrow fabric incorporating elastomeric fibers, which extend when stretch and recover
their original dimension when the stretching is removed. Elastics are broadly used at waist of normal
pants, pajama (night dress), skirt, kid’s trousers, men’s briefs, lingerie’s and many other garments.
8. Exercises
Exercise 1: Match the column A with the column B for the group of closures
Column A Column B
Zippers a small hole in material, the edge of which is protected by a ring of metal, through which a piece
of string, a shoelace , etc. is put to fasten something
Button a material that consists of two pieces of cloth that stick together, used to fasten clothes
Hook and eye a small piece of metal or plastic used to fasten clothes with two usually round parts, one of
which is pushed into the other
Buckle a small, usually circular object used to fasten something, for example a shirt or coat
Velcro a fastener consisting of two rows of metal or plastic teeth-like parts that are brought together by
pulling a small sliding piece over them, used for closing openings in clothing, bags, etc
Eyelet a device for fastening clothes, consisting of a small bent piece of metal into which a hook fits
Rivet a metal pin used to fasten flat pieces of metal or other thick materials such as leather
Snaps a piece of metal at one end of a belt or strap, used to fasten the two ends together
Exercise 2: Match the column A with the column B for group of label
Column A Column B
Main label Provide the instruction of washing and ironing
Size label Use as a design feature attached at outside side seam
Care label Indicate the brand name associated with the product quality
Flag label Provide a specific measurement of garment product
Exercise 3: Please give the names of these trimings
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Exercise 4: Play the crossword puzzle game
a tag attached to an article giving information about material and proper care
a device for holding things together; a clasp or fastener
a clasp for fastening together two loose ends, esp of a belt
a metal pin for passing through holes in two pieces to hold them together
a material in the form of a band, usually made from rubber or spandex
a slender cord or thick thread used for binding or tying; line
a rod, bolt or pin put through the hole of a chain or rope to fasten or tighten
a fine cord spun out to considerable length to sew a garment
a small hole, usually round and finished along the edge, as in cloth or leather
Exercise 5: Complete the paragraph with the suggested words or phrases
hooks Velcro together fastened loops
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Hook-and-loop fasteners, hook-and-pile fasteners, or touch fasteners (colloquially known as (a)

………… after a company that produces them) consist of two components: typically, two lineal fabric
strips (or, alternatively, round "dots" or squares) which are attached (sewn or otherwise adhered) to the
opposing surfaces to be (b)………… The first component features tiny (c) ……….. ; The second
features even smaller and "hairier" (d) ………... When the two components are pressed together, the
hooks catch in the loops and the two pieces fasten or bind temporarily during the time that they are
pressed (e)…………. When separated, by pulling or peeling the two surfaces apart, the strips make a
distinctive "ripping" sound.
Exercise 6: Correct the passive sentences according to the zipper’s knowledge

(a) A fastening device operating by means of two parallel rows of metal or plastic teeth on either
side of a closure that (interlock) by a sliding tab is called zipper.
(b) Zipper tape is the woven fabric (make) by nylon or polyester or bland fiber. It is treated as
critical part of zipper because it should be DTM. It is attach by swing with garments.
(c) Teeth (make) of brass, aluminum or plastic or nylon. Zipper (open and close) by these teeth
(d) Slider (use) to open and close the zipper teeth.
(e) The slider (control) the stopper to not run out of the zipper.
Exercise 7: Complete the following sentences related to the sewing thread
(a) Yarns/single/ply/whereas/threads/multi/ply/for/strength
(b) Yarns/weaker/threads, yarns/make/by/fibers, threads/make/by/yarn
(c) Yarns/use/for/knit/weave, threads/use/for/swing/at/garments
(d) Sewability/of/sewing/threads/major/importance/
(e) Ability/of/sewing/thread/provide/desired/aesthetics/and/serviceability/in/seam
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LESSON 6
SEWING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
1. Objectives
To classify and identify the sewing tools, the sewing machines and the sewing equipment for each of
the sewing process
To give the uses of sewing tools and equipment
To know the detail parts of industrial sewing machines in English
To understand the working principle of sewing machine and explain it
To use English terms of this section to communicate in garment production
2. Sewing tools
Sewing and embroidery tools
Straight pins Pin cushion Magnetic pin holder Lace pins
Thumbtacks, push pins Panel pins Safety pins Bobby pins

Cutting tools
Shears Embroidery scissors Thread clippers/snips Scissors
Pinking shears Rotary cutting wheel Knife Swatch cutter

Measuring tools
Ruler French curve Tape measure Square ruler
Triangle ruler Template ruler Protractor ruler Calipers

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Marking tools
Pens and pencils Marker Bodkin Awl, stiletto
Tailor’s chalks Notch tool, notchers Tracing wheel Tracing paper

Miscellaneous
Seam ripper Loop turner Thimble 3-way mirror

3. Sewing machines
3.1. Domestic (home, household) sewing (lockstitch) machine
Home sewing machines are designed for one person to sew individual items while using a single
stitch type. In a modern sewing machine the fabric easily glides in and out of the machine without the
inconvenience of needles and thimbles and other such tools used in hand sewing, automating the process
of stitching and saving time. The treadle sewing machine has a long history. In fact, the treadle sewing
machine goes back almost to the beginning of the technology and its history is the history of the sewing
machine itself. A treadle sewing machine is one that is powered mechanically by a foot pedal that is
pushed back and forth by the operator's foot. Today, these antiques found in auction houses, at
antique dealers, even in junk stores and garage sales-stand as reminders of America's industrial know-
how and might. Multifunction sewing machine designed to sew fabrics using different layouts and types
of stitches
Treadle Multi-function portable

3.2. Industrial sewing (lockstitch) machines
Industrial sewing machines, by contrast to domestic machines, are larger, faster, and more varied
in their size, cost, appearance, and task. It is also called as hi-speed lockstitch sewing machine, straight
stitching machine. These are heavy-duty machines that have the durability to withstand constant use.
They sew anywhere from 800 to 1800 stitches per minute and are equipped with many time saving
features. Generally industrial machines are straight stitch only, but there are models that zigzag.
Industrial machines can be used on almost any type of fabric and are a necessity for sewing multiple
layers of fabric. They are harder to control but their speed cuts the costume construction time in half.
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Structures of industrial sewing machines
Bobbin case and bobbin How does sewing machine work?

The brands of industrial sewing machines
Hi-speed lockstitch
sewing machine is also
called “straight stitching
machine” or “industrial
sewing machine”
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4. Special machines
Types of stitches
Class Stitch name Class Stitch name
100 Single-thread chain stitches 514 4-thread over-edge stitch
101 Single-thread chain stitches 515 5-thread over-edge safety stitch
103 Single-thread blind-stitch 400 Double-locked chain stitches
104 Saddle stitch 401 2-thread chain stitch
200 Hand stitches 402 Cording stitch
202 Back stitch or prick stitch 404 Zigzag chain stitch
203 Catch stitch or herringbone stitch 406 2-needle bottom cover-stitch
204 Decorative chain stitch 407 2-needle bottom cover-stitch
205 Running stitch 500 Over-edge stiches
300 Lockstitches 503 2-thread over-edge stitch
301 Lockstitch 504 3-thread over-edge stitch
304 Zigzag lockstitch 514 4-thread over-edge stitch
306 Lockstitch blind-stitch 515 5-thread over-edge safety stitch
308 2-stitch zigzag lockstitch 600 Cover stitches
315 3-stitch zigzag lockstitch 601 2-needle 4-thread over-edge stitch
504 3-thread over-edge stitch 605 3-needle 5-thread over-edge stitch
Types of specific machines
Double (2-) needle sewing machine Overlock (overedge) machine Coverstitch machine
Bartack machine Zigzag sewing machine Embroidery machine
Blindstitch machine Buttonhole machine Button attaching machine

5. Others
Sad iron Charcoal iron Electric iron Steaming iron

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Ironing system Fusing machine Pressing and folding table Needle detector
Fabric spreading machine End cutters Straight-knife cutting machine Round cutting machine
Drilling cutting machine Band knives Thread sucking machine Pocketing machine
6. Exercises
Exercise 1: Chose the best answer for each sentence
1. The important tool in taking body measurement
a) Scale b) Measuring tape c) Tracing wheel d) Thread
2. While drawing patterns, the tool which helps to draw long lines is
a) Metre scale b) Needle c) Scissors d) All the above
3. A length of measuring tape is.
a) 40” b) 120” c) 90” d) 60”
4. The tool helps to keep the fabric and pattern together in place without slipping while marking
a) Machine needle b) Bell pin c) Hand needle d) Pin cushion
5. To prevent the fingers from needle pricking we must use this tool.
a) Needle b) Scissors c) Thimble d) Thread
6. The red colour pencil helps to mark.
a) Stitching line b) Cutting line c) Darts d) All the above
7. Tracing wheel, if used along with this tool, makes the marking more prominent.
a) Carbon sheet b) Tailors chalk c) Pins d) Pin cushion
8. Shear is used for cutting.
a) Paper b) Thread c) Both paper and thread d) Fabric alone
9. Tools can be, stored in this.
a) Pin cushion b) Thimble c) Storage box d) All the above
10. The size of the drafting table must be
a) 3’x 2’ b) 1 meter x 2 meter c) 5’ x 3’ d) 30” x 40”
11. When pressing this part, the sewing machine works
a) Hand wheel b) Pedal c) Presser foot d) Presser bar lifter
12. This consists of a set of teeth fitted below the needle plate.
a) Bobbin winder b) Bobin case c) Throat plate d) Feed dog
13. This moves into position to catch the top thread and form the stitch
a) Bobbin b) Tension disc c) Take-up lever d) Bobbin case
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Exercise 2: Match the column A with the column B

Tools Uses
Seam rippers Be used to pull cord, elastic, tape, or ribbon through castings
Pin cushion Trim and clip the pattern paper and the thread
Pins A long metal rod with a hook at one end used to turn bias tubing right side out
Thimble Protect the finger from pricking and to aid in doing hand sewing quickly
Scissors Use to bast or keep the fabric together
Loop turner Make a copy of the pattern to other paper
Bodkin Keep the pins or needles in place
Tracing paper Take out the seams and remove the stitches
Clippers Cut the thread end of finished seam
A loop of thread disposed in place by one such movement in sewing
A small and slender steel rod with a hole that thread pass through
A person who that works in a factory
A famous brand of sewing equipment from Japan
A famous brand of sewing equipment from USA
A type of seamline that looks like Z
A line formed by sewing together pieces of cloth, leather, or the like
A sheet made by weaving, knitting, or felting fibers
A seam made by interlocking the upper thread and the bobbin thread
The things that people wear to cover their bodies (made from cloth)
A reel, cylinder, or spool upon which yarn or thread is wound
Any general business activity; commercial enterprise
A thin strand, cord, or filament of natural or manufactured material
Details Functionalities
Tension disc Hold the fabric in place while sewing
Pressor foot Control the looseness and tightness of stitches
Thread guide Release the thread and interlock with the bobbin thread
Presser bar lifter Keep the thread in position
Balance wheel Be the thread holder
Bobbin winder Move the presser foot
Thread take-up winder Check the length of stitches
Stitch regulator Move the presser foot
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LESSON 7
ANTHROPOMETRICS AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
1. Objectives
To know how to take the measurements of human body to design the clothes
To understand the international measurement systems and apply these systems in garment industry
To identify the names of pieces and parts of patterns in making clothes
To describe the appearance and characteristics of human body in English
To use the related terms for English communication in garment industry
2. Anthropometrics
Anthropometry plays an important role in industrial design, clothing design, ergonomics and
architecture where statistical data about the distribution of body dimensions in the population are used to
optimize products. It refers to the measurement of the size and proportions of the human body
2.1. Figures of body
BODY SHAPES
Triangle Inverted Triangle Rectangle Hourglass Diamon Rounded
BACK TYPES SHOULDER TYPES
Ideal Slopped Square Muscular Bony

ARM TYPES
I-shape R-shape S-shape Oval O shape O-shape
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2.2. Appearance
Body
Baby Toddler Child Teenager Young Middle-aged
Old Well-built/Muscular Slim/Thin/Skinny Plump Fat/Chubby Big/Overweight
Small Short Tall Medium Pretty Handsome
Cute Attractive Funny Elegant Beautiful/gorgeous Ugly

Eyes
Round Oval Triangular Square Long/Oblong Heart
Diamond Moustache Rectangular Beard Freckles

2.3. Body measurements
Head Mouth Gum Beard Ring finger Forearm Navel Heel Buttock
Hair Lip Nostril Mustache Middle finger Upper arm Groin Foot Novel
Face Teeth Cheek Throat Index finger Elbow Waist Leg Umbilicus
Nose Chest Forehead Shoulder Palm Chest Hip Sole Breast
Ear Temple Eyebrow Arm Wrist Armpit Thigh Instep
Eyes Pupil Eyelash Hand Nail Nipple Calf Toe
Neck Jaw Freckles Thumb Phalanges Back Knee Toenail
Chin Tongue Earlobe Pinky finger Fingerprint Stomach Shin Ankle
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(1) Center Front/Back

Neck
(2) Center Front/Back
Waist
(3) Bust Point
(4) Center Front Bust Level
(5) Side Front/Back
(Princess)
(6) Mid-armhole
Front/Back
(7) Shoulder Tip
(8) Shoulder at Neck
(9) Armhole Ridge
(10) Plate Screw
(11) Armhole Plate
2.4. Measurements of piece patterns

Armhole Bust depth Pocket length Sweep (hem) Hip position
Back neck drop Bust span Pocket width Waist Hip width
Back yoke height Cuff height Shoulder width Back pocket length Inseam
Biceps Elbow Sleeve length Back pocket width Knee
Center back length Forearm width Sleeve opening Back rise Knee position
Center front length Front neck drop Sleeve placket length Crotch Leg opening
Chest (men) Pocket flap length Sleeve placket width Front rise Thigh
Bust (women) Pocket flap width Sleeve width Hip Waistline
Increase >< Decrease (horizontal direction); Raise >< Lower (vertical direction)
Symbol keys: CF (Center Front), CB (Center Back), BP (Bust Point), SS (Side Seam), SW (Side
Waist), SH (Shoulder), HBL (Horizontal Balance Line),
3. Measurement system (clothing sizes)
Clothing size refers to the label sizes used for garments sold off-the-shelf. There are a large number
of standard sizing systems around the world for various garments, such as dresses, tops, skirts, and
trousers. Made-to-order garments require measurements to be taken, but these do not need to be
converted into national standard form.
Standard sizes
ISO: Globe
EN: Europe
AFNOR: France
JIS: Japan
CS, PS, ASTM: United States of America
DIN: Germany
KS: Korea
GB: China
AS: Australia
-------------------------------------------------------
X: Extra
S: Small
M: Medium
L: Large
1 inch = 2.54 centimeter
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4. Exercises
Exercise 1: Please show the measurements and shapes of the body figure
(1)……………
(2)……………
(3)……………
(4)……………
(5)……………
(6)……………
(7)……………
(a)……………
(b)……………
(c)……………
(d)……………
Exercise 2: Choose the appropriate characters from the right picture into the dots
(1) Measure from the top of the arm (find
the bone at the shoulder/top of arm) to
the wrist (find the bone at the side of the
wrist) ……………………
(2) Start at the shoulder (right next to the
base of the neck), and measure to the
waist, measuring over the fullest part of
the bust……………….
(3) Measure the hips at the fullest part,
usually around the seat…………
(4) Measure around the fullest part, about
3 - 4" below the waist……………
(5) Measure the bust at the fullest part.
Measure all around the body (total
circumference) ………………
(6) Measure from the base of the neck (in
the center, not the side), to the center of
the waistline……………….
(7) Measure the waist where the body
bends. It helps to bend side to side to
identify exactly where to measure.……….
Exercise 3: Let you describe the characteristics of your friends based on these suggestions
- Shape of body (glasshour, round, fat, thin, muscular….)
- Color, length and types of hair (straight, curly, black, auburn, blonde, brunet….)
- Color of skin and eyes (white, blue, black…..)
- Personalities (calm, arrogant, humble, eccentric, charismatic….)
- Traits (clever, generous, mysterious, creative, flexible….)
- Styles (chic, flamboyant, eclectic and modest)
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Exercise 4: Choose the appropriate words or phrases to fill into the dots of the paragraph
jeans honest black hair slim looks
If I were to describe how my friend (a)…………, I would say she is very pretty. She has long
(b)……………, a straight nose and a small pointed chin. She is quite (c)………. She doesn't like to
dress up so I usually see her wearing (d)………. and a T - shirt. She has a very nice personality and a
wonderful sense of humour, but she can also get a little depressed from time to time. I can always count
on her to be (e)………. and to give me the best advice.
Exercise 5: Read carefully this paragraph and answer the below questions
Accurate body measurements are needed to determine the correct pattern size to use and if
anyalterations are required. Pattern sizes are usually chosen by the hip or bust measurement; for tops
follow the bust measurement, but for skirts or pants use the hip measurement. If you are choosing a
dress pattern, go by whichever measurement is the largest.
(1) What does the paragraph mention?
(2) Why are accurate body measurements necessary?
(3) What measurements are usually chosen for the pattern sizes?
(4) How are the bust measurement and the hip measurement chosen?
Exercise 6: Answer the following questions in term of the sheet on the right side
(a) Do the measurements
increase or decrease their values
from XS size to XXL size?
(b) Why does this sheet
provide the inseam
measurement?
(c) Which countries usually
use the numeric size as shown
in the sheet?
(d) What does the letter X
mean?
Exercise 7: Let you take your friend’s measurements and describe what you are doing
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LESSON 8
PATTERN MAKING
1. Objectives
To identify the names and structure s of pieces on the patterns of clothes such as pocket, facing, cuff,
yoke, front, back, collar, placket and sleeve.
To explain the ways to create the design types of pieces on clothes such as darts, pleats and fullness.
To identify the dimension of pattern pieces such as waist, hip, shoulder width, thigh, knee…
To understand the terms of pattern making and apply them for communicating English in garment
production industry
2. Pattern pieces
In sewing and fashion design, a pattern is the template from which the parts of a garment are traced
onto fabric before being cut out and assembled. Patterns are usually made of paper, and are sometimes
made of sturdier materials like paperboard or cardboard if they need to be more robust to withstand
repeated use.
2.1. Names of pattern pieces
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2.2. Design lines on pattern pieces

Bust line Elbow level Collar edge Crotch
Grain line Biceps level Center back Hip
Center front Wrist level Inseam Knee
Slash Armhole Out seam Crease line
Hemline Waistline Fold Crosswise
Straight grain
2.3. Types of darts

Dart manipulation
Styles darts Multiple darts Stylelines Gathers Flares Tuck-darts Cowl
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Types of pleats and corners

PLEATS CORNERS
Box pleat Dart Corner Mirror corner
Knife pleat Dart with fullness Slant corner Square corner
Variable pleat Open dart Mitered corner Envelope corner
Tapered pleat Fullness Tab corner Turn back corner
Types of collars
Ascot Bishop Chelsea Italian Jabot Notched shawl
Puritan Sailor Shawl Tab Tie, bow Tuxedo
Wing Bateau, boat Bertha Mandarin Nehru Peter Pan
Ruff Shirt Stand-away Turtleneck Convertible Portrait
Revers Short roll Crew

Types of pockets
Flap Welt Patch Seam Shirt Jeans
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Types of necklines
Sweetheart Straight Across V-neck Asymmetric Off-shoulder Queen Anne
High neck Halter Halter Strap Bateau, boat Jewel Illusion
Square Scoop Cowl
Types of skirts
Straight Pencil A-line Pegged Slit Cowl
8-panel gore Godet Flounce Trumpet Pleat Layered
Tulle Round Handkerchief Wrap Pareo Sarong
Types of sleeves
Sleeveless Short Cap Puffed Bell Angle Flounce Dolman
Choir Boy Long Trumpet Cuff Bishop Kimono Raglan
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3. Pattern making techniques

3.1. Draping
Draping for fashion design is the process of positioning and

pinning fabric on a dress form to develop the structure of a garment
design. A garment can be draped using a design sketch as a basis,
or a fashion designer can play with the way fabric falls to create
new designs at the start of the apparel design process. After
draping, the fabric is removed from the dress form and used to
create the sewing pattern for the garment.
Fashion draping and fitting are usually done with muslin to
resolve any design and fitting issues of a garment before cutting the
pattern in real fabric. However, it is important to drape using a
fabric that has similar drape characteristics (the way it falls and
folds) as the real fabric of the finished garment. Muslin comes in a
variety of weights, and inexpensive synthetic fabrics can also be
used in fitting and draping for apparel design.
3.2. Drafting
Pattern drafting is an important technique followed by designers and stylists when designing an
outfit. Before patterns are traced onto fabric, a similar sketch is prepared on paper. This process is called
pattern drafting and it generally requires a lot of focus and expertise. Drafting is typically combined with
pattern making, which helps give designers how the final look will turn out.
Pattern Design Block Feature
Grade
Grade rule
Marker
Anotation
Notch
Seam allowance
Buffer
Layrule
Size code
Nest
Target
Laylimit
Matching
Digitize
4. Exercises
Exercise 1: Match a verb to a suitable phrase in the pattern making process.
cut a garment on model
revise a prototype
sew measurements
develop a sample garment
approve specifications
fit a final pattern
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Exercise 2: Based on the words in box, please show the parts in this picture.
Pullover Jumper
Sweater Jeans
Trousers Suit
Socks Pocket
Tie Jacket
Spectacles Belt
Raincoat Shirt
Coat Collar
Cardigan Watch
Glove Sole
Shoe Waistcoat
Sleeve Gymshoes
Heel Vest
Buckle Pajamas
Pants Hat
Shoelaces Cap
Bowler Scarf
Anorak Mitten
Lapel Braces
Bow tie Tracksuit
Cuff Cufflink
Breast pocket

A fold or series of folds in fabric
It is used to give shape to a piece of fabric so that it can ﬁt around the contours
A line thought of as encircling the body at the waist
An easy way to draw up a larger piece of fabric to a smaller piece of fabric
A part of the garment that wholly or partly covers a person’s arm
The forward part or surface
A vertically hanging piece of fabric such as a skirt or a drape
Each of two openings in a garment through which the wearer puts their arms
An opening in a garment (collar or sleeve) to make the garment easy to put on
A decorative addition to any piece of fabric, and can be big and very delicate
A seam of a trouser leg that runs from the crotch down to the bottom of the leg.
A thin continuous mark made by a pen, pencil, or brush applied to a surface
A guideline in the form of arrow that shows the correct alignment of the pattern
(Hints: Armhole, fullness, line, front, gather, dart, pleat, inseam, grain, tuck, waistline, placket, sleeve)
Exercise 4: Reorder the sentences to make a dialogue between a designer and a pattern maker.
(a) Actually yes, we need to add 5cm to the waist to create a fuller skirt effect.
(b) That's great. Thank you.
(c) Don't worry, I've already ordered some more for you.
(d) Yes Tim, I have. Was there anything you wanted to change before we start sewing?
(e) Ok, I'll make changes to the spec sheet and start on the prototype right away.
(f) Hi Nicki, have you got the design specs for the spring floral dress?
(g) Ok, but I'm not sure I'll have enough fabric.
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LESSON 9
TECH-PACK AND ASSEMBLY LINE
1. Objectives
To understand the information of tech-pack to implement in garment production
To identify the terms in the tech-pack and its sheet
To explain the sewing and assembling operations of the assembly line in English
To use the knowledge of tech pack and assembly line in the communication with each other
2. Work with the tech-packs
A tech-pack is also known as a specification sheet, Descriptions
commonly abbreviated to “spec sheet” is a technical
document that sets out the details of how, exactly, a
certain product is intended to perform or function.
These sorts of sheets are very common in the
information industry, particularly as relates to computer
and software design, though they are used in any
circumstance where something needs to be built or
constructed in a precise way. Tech packs list details
like illustration sheet, size/measurement charts, care
label instructions, fabric specifications or bill of
materials, packing instructions or packing list,
construction detail sheet, etc. Based on the tech-packs
which the vendors are provided, many technical
documents are designed for the assembly lines to carry
the order out.
Symbols in some organizations

C-TPAT Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism IMF International Monetary Fund
SA8000 Society Accountability NGO Non-governmental Organization
ISO International Organization of Standards FED Federal Reserve System (FRS)
WRAP Worldwide Responsible Accredited Production DAF Development Assistance Fund
C/O Certificate of Origin ADB Asian Development Bank
TPP Trans-Pacific Partnership UNDP United Nations Development Program
AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area WB World Bank
WTO World Trade Organization ILO International Labor Organization
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations GDP Gross Domestic Product (Size of Economy)
Some important tables
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Analysis of Sample Using Guide of Materials Process Flow Chart

Apparel Thread Color Card Illustration Sheet - Sketch Process of Product Sewing
Approved Swatches Report Inspection Checklist Product Description Sheet
Assembling Line Sheet Job Description Proto Sample
Balancing Sheet List of Materials and Accessories QA Approval Form
BOM (Bill of Material) Manufacturing Expense Report QA's (QC's) Daily Report
Checking Sample Sheet Material Guide Sheet Quality Testing Specification
Checking Total Quantity/PO Report Material Specification Rule Table
Consumption Confirmation Sheet Materials and Accessories Sheet Scrap Report
Contrast Color Chart Material consumption sheet Seam specifications
Cutter musts Measurement Report Seam Type Spec.
Cutting Quality Report Measurement Sheet Sewing operation sheet
Cutting Specification Measurement Specification (Chart) Shrinkage Report
Cutting Spreading Sheet Model Description Size Table
Cut Pieces Sheet Norms of Materials Specification of Sewing Product
Describe Garment Detail Sheet Numbering Regulations Stitching and Construction Details
Dimensions of Data Product Operation Process Report Swatch Card
Fabric Defect Report Packing Instruction Sheet Tag attaching instructions
Fabric Inspection Report Packing List Test Report of Interfacing (Fusing)
Fabric shrinkage Report Parameter Size Table Total Cutting Quantity Report (Sheet)
Factory layout Pattern Piece List Trim Balance Sheet
Failure Analysis Pattern Pieces Description Trim Card/Trim Sheet
Flat Sample PO (Purchasing Order) Working Sheet
Symbols in some important tables
AQL Acceptable Quality Level FRI Final Random Inspection REF Reference
BAL Balance FRT Front REV Review
BK Back FTY Factory RMK Remarks
BYER Buyer GW Gross Weight RN Registration Number
CAT Categories HC Hanger Container SAM Standard Allowed Minutes
CBM Calculate Cubic Meters HTS Harmonized Tariff Schedule SHPG Shipping
CLR Color INC. Incorporation SKU Stock Keeping Unit Number
CM Cost of Manufacturing IPI Initial Production Inspection SLV Sleeve
CMP Cut-Make-Pack L/C Letter of Credit SMV Standard Minute Value
CMT Cut-Make-Trim L/D Land Dip SO Strike Off
CTG Categories LLC Limited Liability Company SPEC Specifications
CTN Cotton LTD Limited Company SPL Sample
DC Dry Container MKR Maker SPX Spandex
DESC Description N/A Not Available SVC Service
DLV Delivery NW Net Weight TC Polyester Cotton Fabric
DPI During Production Inspection NO Number TOP Top of Production Sample
DTM Design to Manufacturing PCS Pieces, quantity of product TTL Total
DZN Dozen PKT Pocket U/P Unit Price
EMB Embroidery PO Purchase of Order UOM Unit of Measurement
ETA Estimated Time of Arrivals POM Bill of materials UPC Universal Product Code
ETD Estimated Time of Departure PP Pre-production Sample VAT Value Added Tax
FAB Fabric PROTO Prototype Sample WGHT Weight
FIT Fit sample PTN Pattern WIP Work in Progress
FOB Free on Board QTY Quantity YLD Yield
SPI Stitch per Inch TQM Total Quality Management QC Quality Control
QA Quality Assurance QMS Quality Management System UPS Unit Production System
JIT Just in Time OEE Overall Equipment Effectiveness LPD Landed Duty Paid
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3. Assembly line
Garment assembly is fundamental to the creation of designs. The garment is made up by sewing
(needle and thread), bonding (chemicals), pasting (closures) and welding (heat) several pattern pieces
together. The most common and conventional method of joining fabrics is by sewing. These pieces, in
turn, are attached to accessories comprising membranes, linings, buttons, zippers, tapes and waddings, to
create a composite garment. The quality of seam in terms of strength, flexibility, elasticity, appearance,
comfort and permeability can have a significantly effect on the quality of garment assembly.
3.1. Types of assembly line
There are basically three production systems in garment industry including Progressive Bundle
System (PBS), Unit Production System (UPS) and Modular Production System (MPS).
PBS UPS MPS

3.2. Sewing operations (tasks)
Several operations are

performed sequentially to
take advantage of plant
layout, special attachments,
specific equipment and skill
of operator.
Attach Mark Turn

Overlock Ply Inspect
Separate Tie Close
Flatten Trim Remove
Construct Audit Hole
Dye Bartack Hang
Trace Match Set
Hem Open Build
Button Flip Draw
Gather Align Embroider
Pack Pull Insert
Cut Place Assemble
Spread Print Take
Sew Iron Bend
Join Check Paste
Package Lift Stitch
Fold Put Add
Suck Press Wrap
Make Serge
Flow chart of pants >>
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3.3. Line balancing

Line balancing is “to design a smooth production flow by allotting (distributing) processes to
workers so as to allow each worker to complete the allotted workload within an even time” It is a system
where we meet the production expectations and we can find the same amount of work in process in
every operation at any point in the day. Purposes of line balancing:
(1) Keeping inventory costs low results in higher net income.
(2) Keeping normal inventory levels lets the operator work all day long giving their opportunity to
earn more money by increasing their efficiency.
(3) Keeping the line balanced, let the supervisors improve other areas.
(4) Balanced production keeps prices low which turns into repeat sales.
(5) Balanced production means better production planning.
4. Exercises
Exercise 1: Complete the stages in the factory production of garments using the words below.
packaging • putting on hangtags • laundering • putting on trim • sewing or stitching • pressing
(1) Bundling (2) …………………. (3) ……………… (4) Putting on labels (5) …………… (6)
………………. (7) ………………. (8) Folding (9) …………………
Exercise 2: Match the sentences in the column A with the ones the column B
I'm not certain but the irregular stitching because of dropped stitches
As all the zippers are broken since there are not enough machine operators
We can't complete the order on time, so one looks shorter than the other
The leg seams will have to be sewn again, the batch must be faulty
The sleeves have been stitched differently, could be the result of faulty machinery
Exercise 3: Choose “stitch down” or “attach” to fill the blank lines in the table
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Exercise 4: Use the appropriate verbs with the phrases in the right column
(1) Attach (a) the fabric into several layers for cutting (7) Iron (g) the placket under
(2) Backstitch (b) a dart (8) Fold (h) two seamline on the pocket
(3) Sew (c) two pieces together (9) Place (i) the quality of the finished garment
(4) Spread (d) a zipper to hem (10) Stitch (j) a shirt quickly
(5) Cut (e) the stripes as assembling the yoke (11) Audit (k) the garment for good looks
(6) Join (f) the thread ends (12) Match (l) the seam to secure
Exercise 5: Answer the following questions
A sequence of operations is involved in making a garment. In bulk garment production, generally a
team works in an assembly line (Progressive Bundle system) and each operator do one operation and
give it other operator to do next operation. In this way garment reached to end of the line as a completed
garment. In the assembly line after some time of the line setting, it is found that at some places in the
line, work is started to pile up and few operators sit idle due to unavailability of work.
When this situation happens in the line it is called an imbalanced line. Normally it happens due to
two main reasons – a) variation in work content (time needed to do an operation) in different operations
and b) operator’s performance level. To meet the production target, maintaining smooth work flow in
the line is very important. So it is very important to know basics of quick line balancing.
How to balance an imbalanced line has been explained in the following. The main job in line
balancing is to eliminate or reduce WIP (work in process) at bottleneck operations. To do that you have
to know which operations are bottleneck in the line. Through capacity study and target setting you will
find existing bottlenecks in the line.
(1) What is the topic of the paragraph?
(2) What reasons are given for the unavailability of work?
(3) What is the main job in line balancing?
(4) How is the bottleneck operations
Exercise 6: Complete the paragraph with the suggessed words
sewing line layout design manufacturing system line balancing garment production
The layout design problem is a strategic issue and has a significant impact on the efficiency of a
(a)……………… Much of the existing layout design literature that uses a surrogate function for flow
distance or for simplified objectives may be entrapped into local optimum; and subsequently lead to a
poor (b)……………….. The present study explores the use of appropriate (c)………………. to
facilitate a good layout design. Construction of a quality garment requires a great deal of know-how, a
lot of coordination and schedule management.
Clothing manufacturing consists of a variety of product categories, materials and styling. Dealing with
constantly changing styles and consumer demands is so difficult. Furthermore, to adapt automation for
the clothing system is also so hard because, beside the complex structure also it is labour intensive.
Overall, the important criteria in (d) …………………. is whether assembly work will be finished on
time for delivery, how machines and employees are being utilized, whether any station in the assembly
line is lagging behind the schedule and how the assembly line is doing overall. To achieve this approach,
work-time study, assembly line balancing and simulation can be applied to apparel production line to
find alternative solutions to increase the efficiency of the (e)………………...
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LESSON 10
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
1. Objectives
To understand the importance of quality management in the industrial garment production
To distinguish the quality control (QC) and the quality assurance (QA) for inspecting the garment
products to meet the demand of customers and buyers
To know the basic defects that can usually happen for the finished garments
To apply the terms in this lesson in exchanging with the partners
2. Management tools to manage the quality of garments
Quality management ensures that an organization,
product or service is consistent. It has four main
components: quality planning, quality control,
quality assurance and quality improvement.
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) created Quality Management System (QMS)
standards in 1987 including ISO 9000:1987 series of
standards comprising ISO 9001:1987, ISO 9002:1987
and ISO 9003:1987.
Tools for quality management: Cause-and-effect
(fishbone) diagrams, flowchart, checklist, control chart,
scatter diagram, Pareto analysis, history diagram, lean
production
Total quality management (TQM) consists of

organization-wide efforts to install and make permanent a
climate in which an organization continuously improves
its ability to deliver high-quality products and services to
customers.
TQM is a management approach focused on quality,
based on the participation of an organization's people and
aiming at long term success (ISO 8402:1994). This is
achieved through customer satisfaction and benefits all
members of the organization and society.
2.1. Testing characteristics

 Abrasion
 Appearance and stiffness
 Colorfastness
 Dimensional stability
 Safety
 Strength
 Structural properties
2.2. Defects
Defects or faults of garment are divided based on:
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(a) Nature of defects: (b) Acceptable levels

 Color defects  Critical defects
 Construction defects  Major defects
 Cleanlines defects  Miror defects
(c) Processing stages: (d) Causes:
 Raw material defects  Fabric defects
 Design defects  Workmanship and handling defects
 Spreading defects  Trim, accessories and embellishment defects
 Cutting defects
 Sewing defects
 Finishing defects
Defects Defects
Broken (button, stitch, thread, zipper, needle) Pilling (fiber, yarn, fabric)
Creased (fabric) Pleated (seam, fabric)
Crushed (slider) Poor (seam, colorfastness, zippers, quality)
Damaged (button, seam, fabric, abrasion) Puckering (fabric, seam)
Decolorized (patch) Ravelled (seam, thread, yarn)
Defective (button, printing, snap, stitch, embroidery) Reversed (pieces)
Different (color, size, measurement) Ripped (seam)
Dirt (fabric, garment) Serrated (edge, hem)
Dropped (stitch) Short (seam length, zipper, measurement)
Excessive (fullness, pleat, tension) Shrunk (measurement, fabric, pieces)
Exposed (notches, raw edge) Skimpy (mark)
Faulty (gauging, fabric, dimension) Skipping (stitch)
Floated (yarn) Slack (seam, thread end)
Fluff (yarn, thread, padding, seam, stitch) Slipped (zipper, seam)
Foreign (yarn, spot) Slub (yarn, fabric)
Frayed (seam, hem, fabric, edge) Staggered (stitch, yarn, thread)
Fuzzy (edge, hem, selvage) Stain (fabric, garment)
Hairy (fabric) Striped (fabric, face)
Holed (fabric, garment) Stuck (handtag, zipper)
Immovable (zipper) Tarnished (fabric, zipper)
Improper (thread tension, pieces, color, clearing) Torn (fabric, garment)
Inappropriate (trimming, button, thread) Twisted (seam, zipper, garment)
Incorrect (size, color, measurement, accessories) Unclosed (zipper, pleat)
Inoperative (zipper) Uncompleted (printing, buttonhole)
Kinked (seam embroidery) Uncut (thread, thread end)
Lack (measurement, button, stitch density) Uneven (dyeing, neckline, stitch density, bleaching)
Less (thread tension, strength, colorfastness) Unfinished (seam, buttonhole)
Loose (sewing thread, yarn, seam) Unfused (edge, interlining)
Lustring (ironing mark, fabric) United (stitch)
Misaligned (button, motif, embroidery, seam, closure) Unlocked (slider)
Mislocated (reinforcement, button) Unreadable (barcode, label, embroidery, printing)
Mismatched (seam, trimming, plaids) Unsecure (backstitch, zippers, seam, stud)
Misplaced (drill mark, embroidery, printing, closures) Untrimmed (thread)
Misshaped (collar, cuffs, tabs) Unwanted (mark, spot, foreign)
Missing (stitch, yarn, printing, zipper teeth) Varied (color, shape)
Narrow (material, band, lace) Wavy (stitch)
Oiled (fabric, accessories, trimming) Weak (seam, stitch)
Omitted (notch, texture) Wrinkled (fabric, seam)
Open (seam, zipper) Wrong (size, shape, materials, measurement)
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3. Quality control and quality assurance

3.1. Definitions
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality
of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as a
part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements. QC
emphasizes testing of products to uncover defects and reporting to
management who make the decision to allow or deny product release,
whereas quality assurance attempts to improve and stabilize production (and
associated processes) to avoid, or at least minimize, issues which led to the
defect(s) in the first place.
Quality assurance (QA) is a way of preventing mistakes or defects in
manufactured products and avoiding problems when delivering solutions or
services to customers; which ISO 9000 defines as part of quality
management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will
be fulfilled.
3.2. Accepted quality limit (AQL)

AQL is the worst tolerable process average (mean) in percentage or ratio that
is still considered acceptable; that is, it is at an acceptable quality level. An
acceptable quality level is a test and/or inspection standard that prescribes the
range of the number of defective components that is considered acceptable when
random sampling those components during an inspection. The defects found
during an electronic or electrical test, or during a physical (mechanical)
inspection, are sometimes classified into three levels: critical, major and minor.
4. Exercises
Exercise 1: Match the verbs with their alternatives
(1) Monitor (a) Maintain
(2) Deal with (b) Discuss
(3) Source (c) Check
(4) Negotiate (d) Find
(5) Involve (e) Supervise
(6) Keep up with (f) Include
(7) Manufacture (g) Manage
(8) Oversee (h) Make
Exercise 2: Match the column A with the column B, the column C with the column D
Column A Column B Column C Column D
Loose stitch Untrimmed stripes
Uneven thread tension Fuzzy thread
Missing fabric Uneven seam
Broken size Mismatched thread shape
Wrong side Twisted backstitch
Puckering button Wrong stitch density
Incorrect seam Insecured embroidery
Improper dyeing Defective edge
Exercise 3: Answer the questions
Quality means customer needs is to be satisfied. Failure to maintain an adequate quality standard can
therefore be unsuccessful. But maintaining an adequate standard of quality also costs effort. From the
first investigation to find out what the potential customer for a new product really wants, through the
processes of design, specification, controlled manufacture and sale.
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There are a number of factors on which quality fitness of garment industry is based such as -
performance, reliability, durability, visual and perceived quality of the garment. Quality needs to be
defined in terms of a particular framework of cost.
In the garment industry quality control is practiced right from the initial stage of sourcing raw
materials to the stage of final finished garment. For textile and apparel industry product quality is
calculated in terms of quality and standard of fibres, yarns, fabric construction, colour fastness, surface
designs and the final finished garment products. However quality expectations for export are related to
the type of customers, segments and the retail outlets.
(1) What do the paragraphs mean?
(2) What factors should be controlled to ensure the quality of products?
(3) In which stages are the quality controlled for the garment industry?
Exercise 4: Play the crossword puzzle with the suggestions and the synonymous words
The ……………... quality standard for a garment products (synons: desired)
The ……………... dyeing fabric (varied fabric colors)
The ……………... seam or fabric (synons: crimped or wrinkled)
The ……………... seam or thread (easy to remove)
The ……………... seam (synons: unstraight)
The ……………... fabric or garment (such as chalk, soil, coffee)
The ……………... edge (synons: hairy)
The ……………... zippers (synons: fixed)
The ……………... stitch, also called as missing or skipping stitch
The ……………... dress (synons: puckering, crimpled)
The ……………... button (synons: defective, false)
The ……………... side or face (not right)
The ……………... measurements, sizes (synons: wrong)
The ……………... quality (synons: lower, bad)
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LESSON 11
MERCHANDISING AND RETAILING
1. Objectives
To understand the merchandising and retailing job, especially in industrial garment production and
marketing distribution
To distinguish different tasks of head, senior and junior merchandisers
To know the roles of samples which the merchandisers used in their working processes
To images the knowledge related to the commercial rules with various custom procedures that a
merchandiser must conduct to accomplish an order of garments
To improve the communication skill which is supposed to be very important for a garment
merchandiser owing to learning more vocabularies in this unit
2. Merchandising jobs
2.1. Tasks of merchandising types
(a) Marketing merchandiser or retail merchandiser or sales merchandiser
Expanding the sales and the consuming markets
Updating the costumer’s information and taking care the close costumers
Performing the surveys of market to collect the customer’s information
Weekly, monthly and annually reporting the business results such as progresses, costs, techniques
and generated problems
(b) Head merchandiser
Building the business strategy
Working with the senior managers
Finding the ideas to promote the sales and profits and making the contracts
Revising and planning to conduct an order
Training the staffs in the merchandising department
(c) Senior merchandiser
Holding the relationship with the available customers and the current orders as well as forecasting
the developing trend in the future.
Dealing with the customers to meet the demand and find the potential customers
Solving the problems of order and complaints of customers related to the quality and the delivery
schedule of goods
Caring the costumer services and selling the products
Administrating the team of merchandising staffs
Controlling and completing the procedures of exports and imports
Ensuring the accuracy of partner’s information and solving the generations in the implement
progress
(d) Junior merchandiser
Implementing the order to ensure the quality and quantity of products
Balancing the production and solving the problems of a specific order
Analyzing the factors which may cause the bad effects on the production plan and eliminating them
to ensure the delivery schedule
Guaranteeing that the expected costs are not higher to have profits
Collaborating with the quality control staffs to unify the quality of whole orders with the vendors
Implementing and completing the exporting and importing procedures of goods
Reporting the order status to the leaders of company\
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2.2. Samples in the merchandising job

SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
Developed This is the first sample which is made for any style by most of the buyer. Design development
is either done by buyer or factory. The main purpose is to take the decision to proceed with
the same line or not.
Proto Proto sample is developed at very initial stage and normally order is confirmed to the factory
based on proto sample. Proto sample is the rough interpretation of the enquiry done to
acquaint the tailors with the style. It is usually done on the substitute fabrics, and using
accessories, what is available and then checked on the dress form. The buyer may make the
necessary changes pertaining to the fit, the drape, the style details etc.
Fit Fit sample is made and send to conform the fit of the garment on live models or on dummy
and for approval of construction details. The fabric used for fit sample production is the actual
fabric which is going to be used for bulk production or sample yardage fabric is used.
Photo shoot In order to promote the new style in the market normally buyer asks for photo shoot sample.
Ad Buyer uses this photo for marketing purpose either on catalogue or various media like, print,
TV or websites to see the response of the consumer.
Sales man The main purpose of salesman sample is to collect the order from the retailers. In Sales man
Showroom sample actual accessory, actual fabric is used or sample yardage need to be used. This
(SRS) sample also very important stage of sampling as the sales of buyer depends upon this sample
presentation, look, feel of fabric is important.
Size set (SS) The main purpose of size set sample is to check the factory's capability to make the sample in
all sizes. 1-2 samples (or quantity specified by buyer) of each size need to send to buyer.
GPT (garment The main purpose of GPT is to perform the physical and chemical testing on garment to
performance ensure the performance of the garment. GPT Sample is sent to 3rd party inspection and
test) results are sent to both factory as well as buyer. The tests done on garments are: Shrinkage,
Test Color Fastness, Seam performance etc.
Lab-test
Pre-production PP sample is considered to be a contract between the buyer and the factory. It has to be
(PP) made in original fabric and trims. Washing, embroidery and printing should match to actual.
PP Sample is the standard for production and bulk production garments should be identical to
PP sample. The factory can start the production of bulk garment only after the approval of
preproduction sample.
Wash Wash sample is made and submitted to buyer for assessment of feel and handle of fabric after
washing.
Shadeband Shade band is very important to go through bulk. In case of denim, it bears highly importance
in washing where main bulk will go through following shade band sample. After approval of
wash sample and PP, factory submit shade band in between these two types of sample.
Fabric comes from supplier with different shades where shade band will help the factory to
submit shade band based on shade of bulk fabric.
TOP (top of The top of production is sent to the buyer as soon initial pieces are come out of sewing line. In
production) TOP sample Buyer tries to evaluate the actual manufacturing of the style. Buyer check
Pre-line whether bulk production is as per submitted sample or not.
Shipment Few buyers may ask for the shipment samples which factory needs to pull form the actual
Reference shipment and sent to buyer. The main purpose of this sample is to assure buyer about the
Keeping actual shipment dispatch.
2.3. Procedures of payment for the foreign order
Commercial invoice Certification letter (C/L)
Packing list for the customs declaration Final inspection report
Bill of lading Shipping advice
Certificate of origin (C/O) Beneficiary’s statement
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Incoterms rule 2010 or International Commercial Terms published by the International Chamber of
Commerce (ICC)
Any mode of transport Sea and inland waterway transport

EXW Ex Works FAS Free Alongside Ship
FCA Free Carrier FOB Free on Board
CPT Carriage Paid To CFR Cost and Freight
CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid to CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight
DAT Delivered at Terminal
DAP Delivered at Place
DDP Delivered Duty Paid
Previous terms from Incoterms 2000 eliminated from Incoterms 2010 including DAF; DES; DEQ; DDU
but added to two terms including DAT and DAP.
2.4. Merchandising Reports

Order status Hourly production report Fabric/Trim inspection report
Sampling status Cutting report Stock fabric/trim report
Fabric and trim status Production status report Inline inspection report
Shipping report Monthly CM/FOB report Endline inspection report
Trim cost report Daily production report Pre-final or final inspection report
3. Retailing
Retailing is a vital commercial activity, providing customers with an opportunity to purchase goods and
services from various types of merchants. The tasks for retailing the garment products are displaying
items, serving customers, dealing with any queries or complaints, advising customers on their purchases,
ordering, managing and taking out stock, helping with promotions, overseeing deliveries, managing and
motivating staff, and making sure sales targets are met.
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Today, retail is a complex and diverse field. It involves

the selling of all types of physical goods, such as
automobile parts, pharmaceuticals, clothing, health care
products, books, and food, as well as services, such as
automobile repair or rug cleaning.
The major functions of retailing may be divided into five
categories: merchandising and buying, store operations,
sales promotion and advertising, bookkeeping and
accounting, and personnel.
Retail business owners are entrepreneurs who start or
buy their own business or franchise operations.
Retail managers are responsible for the profitable
operation of retail trade establishments.
Retail sales workers assist customers with purchases by
identifying their needs, showing or demonstrating
merchandise, receiving payment, recording sales, and
wrapping their purchases or arranging for their delivery.
4. Exercises
Exercise 1: Complete the crossword puzzle
1
SUGGESTIONS
2 3 4
5 Mannequin CAD
Accessories Dye
6 7 8 Embroidery Jeans
Polka dot Buyer
9 10 Wholesaler Trend
11 12 13 Swatches Textile
Inspiration Discount
14 Model agency Luxury
15 16 Collection Pattern
Cashmere Retailer
17 18 Press release Dispatch
19 Haute couture Tailoring
20 Fashion show Publicity
Affordable Profitable
21 Fashion designer
22 Target market
23
24
25
26 27
28
29
30
CROSS DOWN
(3) Sample strips of material (1) The person who purchases fashion lines to
(5) We made a loss in year 1. Broken even in year 2 and 3; and sell in a store
by year 4 we were……… (2) Another word for inexpensive
(7) A spotty pattern (4) The process of creating a bespoke or custom
(8) Products are sold through a ……… suit
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(11) The use of computer technology for design (6) I got …. for the collection from travelling in
(13) Designer got a lot of ………. when the actress wore in his Asia
dress on the red carpet (9) Something is expensive and hard to get
(15) Scarves, hats, and bags. (10) A group of people that a product is aimed at
(19) Someone buys in bulk and sells to retailers (12) Autumn/winter …… was well received
(20) An event where models show a range of clothing on a (13) The … looked as good as the product inside
catwalk (14) Stella McCartney is a famous ……. ………
(21) Another word for woven material (16) Trousers made from denim
(23) Term used to describe luxury, make to order clothing (17) Plastic model used to display clothes
(25) A reduction in the original price (18) A decoration on fabric made with thread
(26) The supermodel Kate Moss is managed by one (22) Fine wool used in luxury knitwear
(28) A repeat of a design such as floral or tartan (24) To send off something
(29) Document announcing news to the media (27) Change the color of a fabric
(30) A fashion style or style of the moment
Column A Column B
(1) Communicate with (a) products with team based on customers’ needs
(2) Follow (b) prices
(3) Develop (c) garment development
(4) Negotiate (d) samples for deadline and quality
(5) Find (e) a long term career in textiles
(6) Be comfortable with (f) new suppliers, factories
(7) Build (g) suppliers for fabrics and trims
Column A Column B
(1) Follow (a) new production resources
(2) Maintain (b) the customer regarding new product development
(3) Research (c) with technical design department and factory
(4) Contact (d) the order from the beginning to the end
(5) Translate (e) the problems and troubles during the production
(6) Work (f) the relationship with vendors or suppliers
(7) Solve (g) tech-packs into local language
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LESSON 12
CURRICULUM VITAE OF JOB INTERVIEW
1. Objectives
To completely compose a curriculum vitae to apply for a job in garment company
To well prepare for a job interview of job application
To be more confident in English communication related to the job interview
2. Curriculum vitae
A curriculum vitae (CV) is known as a written overview of person's experience and other
qualifications. On the other hand, it is an outline of a person's educational and professional history,
usually prepared for job applications. In some countries, a C.V. is typically the first item that a potential
employer encounters regarding the job seeker and is typically used to screen applicants, often followed
by an interview.
Resume is a
document used by
persons to present their
backgrounds and skills.
Resume is shorter than
curriculum vitae.
Biography is a
detailed description or
account of a person's
life.
The importance aspects of CV

45% Previous related work experience 9% Intangibles (individuality/desire to succeed)
35% Qualifications & skills 3% Clear objective
25% Easy to read 2% Keywords added
16% Accomplishments 1% Contact information
14% Spelling & grammar 1% Personal experiences
9% Education 1% Computer skills
 Contact details - Include full name, address, mobile phone number and email address;
 Education - List and date all previous education, placing the most recent highest up the page.
Include any professional qualifications
 Referees - Two people who can provide positive comments on your previous employment or
experiences
 Skills - For example, the ability to work in a team, manage people, customer service skills, or
specific IT skills
 Work experience - This can be internships, voluntary roles or previous jobs. Add the most
recent/relevant positions and examples of tasks
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You should exclude the following information from your CV:

 The term curriculum vitae or résumé - CV will suffice in the UK
 A photo - unless you're applying for an acting or modelling job
 Date of birth or place of birth - this is unnecessary and can lead to identity theft
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3. Job interview
3.1. Preparation for an interview
A job interview is a process in which a potential employee is evaluate by an employer for
prospective employment in their company, organization or firm. During the process, the employee hopes
to determine whether or not the applicant is suitable for the job.
To prepare for an interview, an applicant needs to:
 Research the company
 Share the examples of achievements
 Describe the situation, task, action and result
 Assemble relevant information beforehand
 Reread the resume and the job ad as a fresher.
 Check in a full-length mirror before
 Dressing for interview  Dealing with nerves
 Arriving on time  Closing interview
 Checking of the competition  Common question
 Types of interviews  Interview caveats
 Body language  Mock interview
 Communication
3.2. Popular questions for an interview
1. Can you tell me a little about yourself?
2. How did you hear about the position?
3. What do you know about the company?
4. Why do you want this job?
5. Why should we hire you?
6. What are your greatest professional strengths?
7. What do you consider to be your weaknesses?
8. What is your greatest professional achievement?
9. Tell me about a challenge or conflict you've faced at
work, and how you dealt with it.
10. Where do you see yourself in five years?
11. What's your dream job?
12. What other companies are you interviewing with?
13. Why are you leaving your current job? 21. Why was there a gap in your employment?
14. Why were you fired? 22. Can you explain why you changed career paths?
15. What are you looking for in a new position? 23. How do you deal with pressure?
16. What type of work environment do you prefer? 24. What are your salary requirements?
17. What's your management style? 25. What do you like to do outside of work?
18. What's a time you exercised leadership? 26. Are you planning on having children?
19. What's a time you disagreed with a decision that was 27. Do you have any questions for us?
made at work? 28. What do you think we could do better or
20. How would your boss and co-workers describe you? differently?
4. Exercises
Exercise 1: Please write your curriculmn vitae to apply for a merchandising job
Exercise 2: Please answer the question in the section 3.2
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LESSON 13
BUSINESS LETTER AND EMAIL WRITING
1. Objectives
To completely write the business letters and emails to the partners with a suitable format and content
To use the available sentences or phrases in letter writing in order to improve the efficiency in
language communications
To apply the knowledge of apparel industry in English to write a letter as necessary
To solve the problems in garment industry by sending an email to the foreign customers
2. Types of letter
(a) Based on the attitude of sender: Personal letter and business letter
(b) Based on the relationship between the sender and the receiver: Informal letter and formal letter
(c) Based on the sending purposes:
o Letter of inquiry (LOI) (invitation letter) is a document to request information sent on behalf of
an individual or an organization for their own respective purposes, which can be mutually
beneficial to the recipient and the sender.
o Letter of acknowledgement (letter of gratitude, letter of thanks, thank you letter) is used when
one person or party wishes to express appreciation to another.
o Acceptance letter (letter of agreement) is a written communication by a successful candidate
formally accepting the offered employment.
o Apology letter (excuse letter) is to express the regret towards a past action or occurrence.
o Confirmation letter (endorsement letter) is a formal document that summarizes the verbal
agreement made between two parties.
o Complaint letter is any formal legal document that sets out the facts and legal reasons
o Warning letter is useful to confirm and address a performance with an employee.
o Hardship letter is used to request a temporary reduction or suspension of payments due to
financial hardship.
o Goodbye letter (farewell letter) is used as leaving some place or organization
o Cover letter (application letter, introduction letter, motivation letter, sales letter) is a single-page
letter that should be part of any job application including self-introduction, description searching
job, own skills and experiences, suggestion for calling to action, so on
o Declination letter (refusal letter) is to politely reject a job offer, business proposal, application,
idea or any other scenario that requires a formal way of declining something.
o Recommendation letter (reference letter) is a document in which the writer assesses the
qualities, characteristics, and capabilities of the person being recommended in terms of that
individual's ability to perform a particular task or function.
o Letter of credit (L/C) A letter of credit is a letter written by a bank authorizing another bank of
pay someone a sum of money. Letters of credit are often used by importers and exporters.
3. Formal letter and business letter
Standardization of writing
Date and time:
Date Time
June 3, 2015 or Jun 3, 2015 11:00 PM
June 3 rd, 2015 or Jun 3 rd, 2015 23:00
3 June, 2015 or 3 Jun, 2015 23:00 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) or UTC + 11:00
06/03/2015 or 03/06/2015
2015-06-03 or 2015/06/03
Address:
Person’s name: Mr. Mrs. Ms. Prof. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sir. Lord. Teacher, Captain…
Company name or organization name: Capital Garment Co. Ltd
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Department: Quality Assurance Department, Institute of Chemical Engineering

Company address: 1200 Boul. Jules, St. Laurent, Quebec, Canada
 House Number: 1200; No.1200; #1200
 Road (alley, avenue, boulevard, lane, road, route, street, highway, way): Walker St., Walker
Street, Rd. 6, Lane 2…
 Section (ward, village, quarter, zone): Sec.5, Forest Wd.…
 District: District 6, Front Dist.
 City (province, town): Shanghai City, Welling Province
 Country: Vietnam, UK, USA… ( and postcode: to receive the letter)
1: Return address
2: Date
3: Reference line
4: Special mailing notations
5: On-arrival notations
6: Inside address
7: Attention line
8: Salutation
9: Subject line
10: Body
11: Complimentary close
12: Signature block
13: Identification initials
14: Enclosure notation
15: CC (courtesy copy)
Salutation (greeting)
To a specific person who you know
Formal: Dear + (Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr., Professor, Prof.) + Receiver’s name
Examples: Dear Dr. John, Dear Mrs. Vicky
Informal: Hi or Hello + Receiver’name
Examples: Hi Mary, Hello my friend
To an unknown person or an organization
 To whom it may concern
 Lady and Gentlemen (Ladies and Gentlemen)
 Sir or Madam (Sir/Madam)
Body: Usually three paragraphs
 Brief introduction
 Content – details (what you want)
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Some verbs to usually express in a letter

Leadership Reorganize Promote Summarize Facilitate Customize Facilitate Implement
Accomplish Review Publicize Systematize Guide Design Familiarize Inspect
Achieve Schedule Reconcile Test Inform Develop Motivate Launch
Administer Spearhead Recruit Survey Instruct Direct Participate Monitor
Analyze Strengthen Report Technique Stimulate Establish Propose Operate
Assign Supervise Rewrite Assemble Study Fashion Guide Organize
Attain Surpass Speak Build Teach Found Provide Prepare
Chair Communication Suggest Calculate Train Illustrate Refer Process
Consolidate Address Synthesize Compute Quantitative Initiate Rehabilitate Purchase
Contract Arbitrate Translate Design Administer Institute Represent Record
Coordinate Arrange Write Devise Allocate Invent Serve Reduce
Delegate Author Research Fabricate Analyze Originate Support Reinforce
Develop Collaborate Clarify Install Appraise Perform OrganizationRetrieve
Direct Convince Collect Operate Audit Integrate Approve Screen
Earn Correspond Conclude Maintain Balance Introduce Accelerate Select
Evaluate Deliver Conduct Optimize Calculate Plan Add Simplify
Execute Develop Construct Overhaul Compute Redesign Arrange Sell
Handle Direct Critique Program Budget Revise Broaden Specify
Impact Document Derive Repair Develop Revitalize Catalogue Steer
Improve Draft Determine Solve Forecast Publish Centralize Structure
Increase Edit Diagnose Standardize Manage Shape Change Systematize
Lead Energize Discover Streamline Maximize Visualize Classify Tabulate
Master Enlist Evaluate Upgrade Minimize Helping Collect Unify
Orchestrate Formulate Examine Teaching Market Assess Compile Update
Organize Influence Form Adapt Plan Assist Complete Utilize
Oversee Interpret Identify Advise Project Clarify Control Validate
Plan Lecture Inspect Clarify Research Coach Define Verify
Predict Liaise Extract Coach Creative Counsel Dispatch
Prioritize Mediate Interpret Communicate Act Demonstrate Execute
Provide Moderate Interview Enable Compose Diagnose Expand
Prove Negotiate Organize Encourage Conceive Educate Gain
Recommend Persuade Resolve Evaluate Conceptualize Enhance Gather
Regulate Present Review Explain Create Expedite Generate
Conclusion and acknowledge (call to action and thank)
Acknowledge Thank you for your offer, but I chose someone else
Thank you for your help (time, assistance, I am afraid I must choose another supplier
support, consideration) I regret to inform you that your application has been refused
Thank you one more for your help I regretfully inform you that your application has been denied
I would appreciate your attention to (help in) this Suggestion
matter Would you mind sending me
Many thanks again for your time I wonder if you can (could) change the number of order YKM
Thanks in advance 662
We appreciate your cooperation Could you tell me the shipping day? (missed delivery)
Apology Contact
Please accept our apologies for this delay Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions
Please accept my assurance that it will not (comments)
happen again If you need any additional (further, more) information, please
Wishes contact me at (84)972962562
I look forward to hearing from (seeing) you soon If you require any further information, let me know.
I hope the above is useful for you Please do not hesitate to contact me if you need any further
I hope to see you soon information
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I am looking forward to your reply Please contact me if there are any problems
I await a response at your earliest convenience Please let me know if you have any questions (problems)
Refusals Let me know if you need anything else (have any questions)
It's with regret I must tell you I have decided to Please inform me if you have any problems
take the offer at other applicant
Complimentary close (Final salutation, closing)
Complimentary close
Person’s name Salutation
Emphasized Required
Yours Faithfully No (formal) Dear Sir/Madam
Yours Sincerely Yes (formal)
Yours Truly Yes (informal) Dear Ms. Catherine
Yours Respectfully Yes (formal) Dear Dr. Kelvin
Best, kind, with kind Regards Close contact Dear John
Best, with best Wishes
Other complimentary closes:
My best (to you) Warmest regards God bless Cheers You are the best
All bests Warmest Thanks Take it easy bro To your success
All the bests Warmly Thanks so much Hope this helps Until next time
Warmly regards Cordially Thank you See you around Till next week
Enthusiastically Take care Many thanks Much appreciated At your service
Have a blessed day Blessings Be well Peaceful Make it a great day
3. Email
Most of us in the business world use email as the main and in some cases the only, means of written
communication. For many students studying business English and practicing their business email
writing skills is an important part of their course. While most of us are happy to write informal emails to
friends that might have grammatical mistakes in them, the same is not true when writing to colleagues
and clients with whom we want to make a good impression.
3.1. Tips for writing an effective email:
(a) Subject line: Always have a subject line that summarizes briefly and clearly the contents of the
message (example: Re: Summary of Our Meeting with ABC Suppliers).
(b) Simplified sentences: do not use too many technical terms or long words and should use the
complex sentences but ensure that they are easy to understand with the KISS rule (Keep It Short and
Simple)
(c) Think of your reader with formal or informal emails:
Examples:
Thankfulness: Informal: Thank for emailing me on Feb 15th.
Formal: Thank you for your email dated Feb 15th.
Apology: Informal: Sorry, I can’t make it
Formal: I am afraid I will not be able to attend
Suggestion: Informal: Can you do it?
Formal: I was wondering if you could do it
(d) Be careful of capital letters, spelling and basic grammar.
(e) Indirect expression:
Examples:
I need this in half an hour (direct) – Would it be possible to have this in haft an hour (indirect).
There will be delay (direct) – I’m afraid there may be a slight delay (indirect).
It’s a bad idea (direct) – To be honest, I’m not sure if that would be a good idea (indirect).
(f) Be positive: Use the wise words such as helpful, good question, agreed, together, useful, I will do
my best, mutual, opportunity and avoid to using the passive words such as busy, crisis, failure, forget it,
I can’t, it’s impossible, waste, hard…
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3.2. Some abbreviates in email

asap as soon as possible ps postscript
cc carbon copy enc. Enclose
3.3. Content of letter samples
LETTER OF DECLINATION
…………………………………………...
Dear Ms. Harper,
Thank you very much for offering me the assistant manager position. After careful consideration, I regret that I
must decline your offer. Although you were most encouraging in outlining future advancement possibilities within
Dalton company, I have accepted another opportunity that is more in line with my skills and career goals.
I enjoyed meeting you and the rest of your team. You have been most kind and gracious throughout the interview
process, and I only wish that circumstances allowed me to accept your offer.
Best wishes for your continued success.
Sincerely,
Tom Greenwood
LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION
…………………………………………...
To Whom It May Concern:
This letter is my personal recommendation for Sarah Powell. Until just recently, I have been Sarah's immediate
supervisor for several years. I found her to be consistently pleasant, tackling all assignments with dedication and
a smile.
Besides being a joy to work with, Sarah is a take-charge person who is able to present creative ideas and
communicate the benefits. She has successfully developed several marketing plans for our company that has
resulted in increased revenue. During her tenure, we saw an increase in profits that exceeded one million dollars.
The new revenue was a direct result of the plans implemented by Sarah.
Though she was an asset to our marketing efforts, Sarah was also extraordinarily helpful in other areas of the
company. In addition to writing effective training modules for sales representatives, Sarah assumed a leadership
role in sales meetings, inspiring and motivating other employees.
I highly recommend Sarah for employment. She is a team player and would make a great asset to any
organization.
Sincerely,
John Nylon
Sharon Marketing Manager
LETTER OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
……………………………………..
Dear Mrs. Sarah,
I would like to thank you for the offer in your esteemed organization. I am very happy to become a part of the
company and work for the development with my complete knowledge and skills.
It is a fact that the relocation is time consuming, but I will join the job and start working on the date which we
mutually agreed.
As you have all my contact information such as mobile number and email address, you can contact me any time
if there is any necessary meeting related to our office.
I am very appreciated for this great opportunity and really excited to start a career in the company.
Sincerely,
Bob Keller
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LETTER OF INQUIRY
……………………………………..
Dear Mr. Halter
Perhaps you are seeking an addition to your marketing team. A new person can provide innovative approaches
to the challenges of marketing. I am an innovator of new ideas, an excellent communicator with buyers, and have
a demonstrated history of marketing success.
Presently, I am marketing computer products for a major supplier using television, radio and news advertising. I
have a reputation for putting forth the effort required to make a project succeed.
Enclosed is my resume for your review and consideration. JKS Industries has a reputation for excellence. I would
like to use my talents to market your quality line of technical products. I will call you to further discuss my talents
and how I can benefit your company. If you prefer, you may reach me in the evenings at (555) 234-9301.
Thank you for your time. I look forward to meeting you.
Sincerely,
Fuller Gordon
Enclosure
LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE
……………………………………..
Dear Ms. Rosy:
It is with great pleasure that I accept your offer to join our company as a merchandiser under Mr. Carter. The
goals you outlined for the position are well-matched to your abilities, and I consider it a privilege to accept you.
As we discussed, your annual salary will be $1,500, and medical benefits will commence after 30 days of
employment.
Thank you for making the interview process enjoyable. I look forward to working with you. I will report to work on
Jun 21. In the meantime, feel free to call me at (111) 324-9021.
Sincerely,
Rafael Keller
COVER LETTER OR MOTIVATION LETTER
……………………………………..
Dear Ms. West:
I was excited to see your opening for a customer service rep, and I hope to be invited for an interview.
My background includes serving as a customer service associate within both call-center and retail environments.
Most recently, I worked on the customer service desk for Discount-Mart, where my responsibilities included
handling customer merchandise returns, issuing refunds/store credits, flagging damaged merchandise for
shipment back to vendors and providing back-up cashiering during busy periods.
Previously, I worked within two high-volume customer-support call centers for a major telecommunications carrier
and a satellite television services provider. In these positions, I demonstrated the ability to resolve a variety of
issues and complaints (such as billing disputes, service interruptions or cutoffs, repair technician delays/no-
shows and equipment malfunctions). I consistently met my call-volume goals, handling an average of 56 to 60
calls per day. In addition to this experience, I gained considerable customer service skills during my part-time
employment as a waitress and restaurant hostess while in high school. I also bring to the table strong computer
proficiencies in MS Word, MS Excel and CRM database applications and a year of college (business major).
Please see the accompanying resume for details of my experience and education.
I am confident that I can offer you the customer service, communication and problem-solving skills you are
seeking. Feel free to call me at 323-1900-2395 (home) or 232-6571-6981 (cell) to arrange an interview. Thank
you for your time
I look forward to learning more about this opportunity.
Sincerely,
Sally Wolf
Enc. Resume
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4. Exercises
Exercise 1: Please give the suitable topics for the following letters:
Subject: ……………………………. ……………………………..
Dear Susan,
I am writing regarding our order for 10,000 pcs of T-shirt, reference TS322. We already transferred $20,000 to
your account on Feb 18 but we haven’t got the goods yet. I also called to your office this morning and your
secretary told that you were away until Thursday. Please call me as soon as possible and let me know what is
happening. Our customers are waiting for these pieces and the delay is causing lose business to us.
Best,
David.
Subject: ……………………………. ……………………………..

Hi, Rosa
I reviewed the fabric usage chart. There are so many loss qualities due to defect shortage and short in roll. We
need to complete the order quality versus shipped quality, and need to know how many yards will be short and
defect/short in roll. The mill doesn’t accept that much defects and buyer bought the fabric. We need to clarify
this not to make issues to inform both buyers and mill.
Please let me know the below concerns
- How many yards of each color fabric will need for 2 purchase orders
- Also defect detail information to report to buyer and mill. (defect quality, short in roll quality in separate)
- Do you have unopened roll to send to buyer to clarify short in roll issue?
- Fabric mill QC visited your factory and checked this, right? What he said for this?
Thank you
Best Regards,
Kelvin
Subject: ……………………………. ……………………………..

Hello Ryan,
I am writing this to thank you for visiting our company last Friday with new order range. Now we have the
agreement of order with your company. Please receive the acknowledgement from us.
Respectfully,
Martin.
Subject: ……………………………. ……………………………..
Dear Mr. Giles:
With this cover letter I am applying for the job of garment manufacturing supervisor. I have six years of
experience in the garment industry and I have been given many opportunities to supervise various aspects of
the manufacturing process, so I feel well qualified to take on this position for your company-supervising and
coordinating the activities of workers engaged in sewing, pressing, and inspecting garments.
My previous employment history is shown in detail in the attached resume. If you'd like to meet in person so we
can talk about this job and what you have in mind for the garment manufacturing supervisors you work with,
please phone me at 695-888-8756 and I'll come to your office at your convenience any weekday morning.
Thank you for considering me to fill this job. I also appreciate your time and attention to my cover letter and
resume.
Sincerely,
Michael Morrison
Enc: resume and cover letter
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Exercise 2: Compose an email with one of following requirements:

(a) Require a subcontractor to price for an order of pants S#YK 8519
(b) Complain with a subcontractor about the low printing quality of products in the order S#YK
8519, including incorrect numbering, wrong positions
(c) Ask to send three TOP samples of the order S#YK 8519 via Fedex Delivery Service with the bill
number: 081926034179
(d) Notify the vendor about some defects on the fabrics of the order S#YK 8519 including holed and
discolored fabric, wrong width and missing yarns
(e) Notify the vendor about the problems of price tags which the numbers of size M are wrong, i.e.,
# 75614243 is printed into #756141243, require vendor to exchange them.
(f) Ask the vendor to shortly ship the order of pants, S#YK 8519, about 35 pcs
(g) Ask the vendor to delay three days for the export date due to the uncompleted production
progress
Exercise 3: Write the following letters

(a) The cover letter to apply a merchandising job in a specific garment company that you are
interested in
(b) The inquiry letter to invite a specific company to join a garments and accessories fair
(c) On behalf of your instructor, let you write a recommendation letter to yourself introduce to a
garment company that you want to intership for eight weeks
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LESSON 14
CONVERSATION IN CLOTHING
1. Objectives
To design a conversation in relation to clothing in English such as talking about the sewing job,
shopping clothes, making a phone call with partners, introducing the company’s information to the
visitors, performing an interview with an employer, negotiating an order of garments with vendors...
To solve the problems in garment production with foreign customers to ensure the processing
schedule and the product quality
To manipulate the learned terminologies in the daily communication at a garment factory
To feel more confident in using English
2. Tips for communication
ACTION WHICH SKILL DO YOU LEARN FIRST HOW TO IMPROVE
Communicate with Song (lyrics, karaoke)
Tell Film (CD, internet, TV)
Say with Audiobook
Speak to Radio (BBC, VOA)
Talk to Communication (teacher, friend,
Discuss with native foreigner)
English courses
How to improve your English skills?
LISTENING SKILL
- If you cannot hear clearly, let the speaker know
- Follow the instructions carefully; they may be different to practice or previous tests
- Listen for the specific information you want
- Try and anticipate what the speaker will say; this will require concentration
- Do not worry if there is a word you do not understand; you may not need to use it
- If you do not know the answer to a question, attempt it but do not waste time; move quickly onto next one
- Be careful with your spelling and grammar
- Do not panic if you think the topic is too difficult or the speaker is too fast; relax and tune in
- Read, write and listen at the same time
- Focus precisely on what you are asked to do in completion type questions
- Pay attention to the word limit; for example, if you are asked to complete a sentence using no more than two
words, if the correct answer is ‘leather coat’, the answer ‘coat made of leather’ would be incorrect
- If the question asks you to complete the note ‘in the…’ and the correct answer is ‘morning’, note that ‘in the
morning’ would be incorrect; the correct answer is 'morning'
- Attempt all questions; there are no penalties for incorrect answers
- Check your answers
SPEAKING SKILL
- Try to talk as much as you can
- Talk as fluently as possible and be spontaneous
- Relax, be confident and enjoy using your English
- Develop your answers
- Speak more than the examiner
- Ask for clarification if necessary
- Do not learn prepared answers; the examiner is trained to spot this and will change the question
- Express your opinions; you will be assessed on your ability to communicate
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READING SKILL
- Look out for the title, headings and any special features such as capital letters, underlining, italics, figures,
graphs and tables
- Make sure that you understand the questions and follow instructions carefully
- Pay attention to timing; do not spend too long on one passage or question
- Do not try and read every word; remember, you are reading for a purpose
- Attempt to answer but do not waste time; move quickly onto the next one
- Do not panic if you do not know anything about the subject of the text; all the answers can be in the text
- The words must be taken from the reading text; you must not change the form of the words in the text
- Do not worry if there is a word that you do not understand – you may not need to use it
- Check your spelling
- Be careful to use singular and plural correctly
- Focus precisely on what you are asked to do in ‘completion’ type questions
- If the question asks you to complete the note ‘in the…’ and the correct answer is ‘evening’, just use ‘evening’ as
your answer; note that ‘in the evening’ would be incorrect
- Pay attention to the word limit; if you are asked to complete a sentence using no more than two words
- Attempt all questions; there are no penalties for incorrect answers, so you have nothing to lose
- Check your answers
WRITING SKILL
- Analyze each task properly and spend some time making notes
- Highlight or underline key words in the tasks to make sure that you focus on what you have to do
- Plan your answers
- Use paragraphs clearly; put one idea in each paragraph
- Do not repeat ideas using different words
- Do not copy whole sentences from the question – you will receive no marks for this
- Keep to the topic; do not write about unrelated subjects
- Manage your time
- Pay attention to the number of words required for each task
- Write your answers in full; answers written in note form or in bullet points will lose marks
- Pay attention to spelling, grammar and punctuation; you will lose marks for mistakes
- Avoid informal language
- Do not memorize model answers; examiners are trained to recognize them and your test will be invalid
- Spend several minutes re-reading and correcting your answers
3. Conversation samples
3.1. Talking about sewing tools
A: Excuse me? B: Yes, they are.
B: What can I do for you? A: Are these scarves?
A: What are these? B: No, they are not. They are pressing cloths.
B: These are needles and threads. A: Is this a piece of tailor’s chalks?
A: Are those rings or thimbles? B: Yes, it is.
B: Those are thimbles. A: Thank you very much.
A: These are tape-measures, aren’t they? B: You are welcome.
3.2. Choosing clothes for a party
A: What are you doing? A: No, I don’t think so. I think my necklace and your dress
B: I’m pressing my mandarin collar dress. I want to are a perfect match.
wear it to Tom’s birthday party? B: Yes, you’re right. Can I borrow yours?
A: Good idea! A: Sure. Here you are.
B: Do you think this necklace is a good match for B: Thank you.
my dress? A: It’s my pleasure.
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3.3. Shopping clothes

A: Can I help you? (Lisa puts on the skirt. It's too small)
B: Yes, how much is that skirt? B: Do you have it in a bigger size?
A: It's $40. A: Yes, here you are.
B: Can I try it on? B: Thank you
A: Yes, what size are you? (Lisa puts on the new skirt. It fits)
B: I don't know. A: How was it?
A: Ok, try a size 10. The changing room is over there. B: I'll take it.
3.4. Making a phone call
A: Good morning, Lyntex garment company, Jack B: Hello, I am Tommy from Huber’s company. I am
speaking! calling you to solve the tech-pack (informative sheet) of
B: Ah, yes. Could I speak to Mr. Kate, please? our product. Something is wrong here.
A: May I know who is calling? C: Of course. When can we meet each other?
B: It’s Tommy from Huber’s company in Germany B: It is very urgent. Tomorrow, is it ok?
A: Please hold for a moment. I will transfer to Mr. C: It’s ok. What time is good for you tomorrow?
Kate B: It’s 8:00 AM. OK?
B: Sure. Thank you. C: No problem. See you then.
C: Hello, Kate’s speaking. Can I help you? B: See you.
3.5. Visiting a garment company
A: Good morning. I am John. A: How is the production capacity of your company?
B: Good morning. Mr. David. My name’s Phi, the B: We can produce about 2,000,000 pcs/year
production manager. Nice to meet you. A: Where is the fabric warehouse?
A: Nice to meet you too. I am sorry. I’m late because B: It’s over there. The cutting area is on right side of the
of traffic jam. fabric warehouse.
B: Oh. It doesn’t matter. Would you like to visit our A: What is the upstairs used for?
company now? B: It’s the planning room and management office. Would
A: Yes, of course. Thank you. you like to have some tea in my office now?
B: This is our brief brochure. I think it is useful for A: Oh. Thanks. But I have to go now. I have an
you. opportunity with my customer at ten o’clock
A: Well. Thanks. B: OK. If you need any information about us, you may
B: This is one of three factories. Each factory has call me or read more on our website. I hope to cooperate
twelve assembly lines. We are planning to invest with you in near future. Thank you so much for coming
more special machines such as automatic spreading here.
machine, cutting machine, needle detector, so on. A: I am very interested in this visiting. Thanks for
A: It sounds good. How many labors are there in spending time for me. I will respond to you soon.
your company? Goodbye
B: About 1,000 workers. This factory has 350 B: Goodbye. See you soon
workers and staffs
3.6. Negotiation with vendors
A: Good morning. A: Would you consider making us a more favorable offer?
B: Good morning. Would you like to drink B: Factual price is 4,900 VND per dozen. But I will give you
something? a 4% discount for the first working time together. This is a
A: Thanks. A cup of tea, please! bargain!
B: Of course. Thanks for coming here. Can we talk A: Thanks. I will be grateful you so much if it’s a 5%
about the contract? discount with a longer working term?
A: Sure. Please tell me your requirements? B: Let’s me think. Alright! I will send you the contract
B: We want to place an order of plastic buttons. tomorrow.
What is the price? A: Oh. Very good! You are so kind. Thank you for your
A: I can quote you a price of 5,000 VND per dozen. help. See you.
How many buttons do you need? B: Have a nice day.
B: About 12 ones per shirt. Thus we need 60,000
ones for 5,000 pieces.
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4. Exercises
Exercise 1: Wite a short conversation:
(a) Make a short conversation between a director of productions and a supervisor of sewing lines
about the low output of the style SK2011
(b) Make a short conversation that a supervisor shows a worker to assemble the pieces of the
garment correctly.
(c) Make a short conversation that you and your friend together talk about the reasons to study the
garment technology.
(d) Design a short dialogue at an exhibition fair of sewing machines
(e) Make a phone call to ask a supplier about the late material delivery
Exercise 2: Put the sentences in the correct order in the conversations of a negotiation
Buyer Wholesaler
(1) If we place an order of 10,000 units, could you offer (a) Let’s see. For an order that size, I can give you a
us a discount? 5% discount
(2) Great. It’s a deal then. (b) That sounds fair enough
(3) Well. We really like the V-neck and tripped ones. (c) That’s great. Which styles are you looking for?
(4) I’ll have to think about it. How about 10% discount on (d) OK. Would you like to place an order today for
15,000 units? those styles
(5) I’m interested in your line of cotton T-shirts.
Exercise 3: Complete these sentences
A: (1) ………..offer us a discount on 300 units?
B: I can only offer discounts for high volume orders of 500 units and more.
A: Can you meet us in the middle?
B: (2) …………………. I am sorry
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VOCABULARIES
LESSON 1 - INTRODUCTION TO FASHION Inspiration /ˌɪnspɪˈreɪʃən/ (n) : Nguồn cảm hứng

Accessory /əkˈsɛsərɪ/ (n) : Phụ kiện, phụ liệu Journalist /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ (n) : Nhà báo
Advertise /ˈædvɝː.taɪz.mənt/ (v) : Quảng cáo Ladylike /ˈleɪdilaɪk/ (adj) : Đứng đắn, nữ tính
Aesthetic /ɪsˈθɛtɪk/ (adj) : Tính thẩm mỹ Leisure /ˈliːʒə/ (n) : Giải trí, thư giãn
A-line skirt /ˈeɪ.laɪn/ (n) : Váy chữ A Lithe /laɪð/ (adj) : Mềm mỏng
Attire /əˈtaɪər/ (v) : Mặc, mang, đeo Luxury /ˈlʌkʃəri/ (adj) : Sang trọng, xa xỉ
Avant-garde /əˌvɑntˈgɑ: d/ (n) : Tính tiên phong (trào lưu) Machinery /məˈʃiːnəri/ (n) : Máy móc
Body piercing /ˈpɪəsɪŋ/ (n) : Khuyên xỏ Makeup /ˈmeɪkʌp/ (n) : Đồ trang điểm
Brand /brænd/ (n) : Thương hiệu Manufacture /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃə/ (v) : Sản xuất, gia công
Buyer /ˈbaɪ.ər/ (n) : Người mua Manufacturer /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃərə/ (n): Nhà sản xuất
Career /kəˈrɪə/ (n) : Nghề nghiệp Market /ˈmɑːkɪt/ (n) : Thị trường
Casual suit /ˈkæʒ.u.əl/ (n) : Thường phục Market survey /ˈsɜːveɪ/ (n) : Khảo sát thị trường
Catwalk /ˈkæt.wɑːk/ (n) : Sàn diễn thời trang Marketing /ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ/ (n) : Tiếp thị kinh doanh
Client /ˈklaɪ.ənt/ (n) : Khách hàng Mass media (n) : Đa phương tiện
Cloth /klɔθ/ (n) : Vải Material /məˈtɪəriəl/ (n) : Vật liệu, tài liệu
Clothes /kloʊðz/ (n) : Quần áo, trang phục Media /ˈmiːdiə/ (n) : Truyền thông
Clothing /ˈkləʊðɪŋ/ (n) : Trang phục Merchandise /'mə: tʃəndaiz/ (v) : Bán hàng
Collection /kəˈlek.ʃən/ (n) : Bộ sưu tập Merchandiser /'mə: tʃəndaizə/ (n) : Nhân viên đơn hàng
Competition /ˌkɑm.pəˈtɪʃ.ən/ (n) : Cuộc thi Miniskirt /ˈmɪniˌskɜːt/ (n) : Váy ngắn
Consumer /kənˈsuː.mə/ (n) : Người tiêu dùng Model /ˈmɒdəl/ (n) : Người mẫu
Contact /ˈkɒn.tækt/ (v) : Liên lạc, tiếp xúc Modest /ˈmɑːdɪst/ (adj) : Thùy mị, nhã nhặn
Create /kriˈeɪt/ (v) : Tạo ra Motif /məʊˈtiːf/ (n) : Kiểu trang trí, mẫu
Creation /kriːˈeɪʃən/ (n) : Sự sáng tạo Must-have (adj) : Cần thiết
Customs /ˈkʌs.təmz/ (n) : Phong thục, hải quan Negotiate /nəˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ (v) : Đàm phán
Cute /kjuːt/ (adj) : Dễ thương Operate (v) : Vận hàng, sử dụng
Deal with /diːl wɪð/ (v) : Giải quyết, đảm nhận Operation /ˌɒpərˈeɪʃən/ (n) : Thao tác, công đoạn
Decorate /ˈdek.ə.reɪt/ (v) : Trang trí Organize /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ (v) : Tổ chức, sắp xếp
Decoration /ˌdek.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ (n) : Chi tiết trang trí Oversee /ˌəʊvəˈsiː/ (v) : Giám sát, theo dõi
Department /dɪˈpɑːt.mənt/ (n) : Phòng ban, bộ phận Pattern maker (n) : Nhân viên làm rập
Design /dɪˈzaɪn/ (v,n) : Thiết kế Pearl necklaces (n) : Vòng cổ ngọc trai
Designer /dɪˈzaɪnə/ (n) : Nhà thiết kế Photographer /fəˈtɒɡrəfə/ (n) : Nhiếp ảnh gia
Discuss /dɪˈskʌs/ (v) : Thảo luận, bàn luận Plaid shirt (n) : Áo sọc caro
Display /dɪˈspleɪ/ (v) : Trưng bày Pose /poʊz/ (n) : Tư thế, sự tạo dáng
Draw /drɑː/ (v) : Vẽ, thiết kế Present /ˈprezənt/ (v) : Trình diễn
Drawing /ˈdrɔː.ɪŋ/ (n) : Bản vẽ Price /praɪs/ (n) : Giá cả
Dress /dres/ (n, adj) : Áo đầm, mặc Process /ˈprəʊses/ (v, n) : Gia công, quá trình
Dye /daɪ/ (v,n) : Nhuộm, thuốc nhuộm Product launch /ˈprɒdʌkt lɔːntʃ/ n) : Giới thiệu sản phẩm
Dyestuff / daɪstʌf/ (n) : Thuốc nhuộm Profitable /ˈprɒfɪtəbl̩ / (adj) : Có lợi nhuận
Editor /ˈed.ɪ.tər/ (n) : Biên tập, phụ trách Promote /prəˈməʊt/ (v) : Khuyến mãi, xúc tiến
Elegant /ˈel.ɪ.ɡənt/ (adj) : Tao nhã, lịch lãm Prototype /ˈprəʊtətaɪp/ (n) : Nguyên mẫu
Event /ɪˈvent/ (n) : Sự kiện Public relation (PR) (n) : Quan hệ công chúng
Exhibit /ɪɡˈzɪb.ɪt/ (v) : Triển lãm, trưng bày Purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ (v) : Mua
Factory /ˈfæk.tər.i/ (n) : Xí nghiệp Ready-to-wear (adj) : May sẵn
Factory manager /ˈmænɪdʒər/ (n) : Quản đốc Reflect /rɪˈflekt/ (v) : Phản ảnh
Fad /fæd/ (n) : Mốt nhất thời Regular fit (adj) : Ôm vừa cơ thể
Fashion /ˈfæʃən/ (n) : Thời trang Religion /rɪˈlɪdʒən/ (n) : Tôn giáo, tín ngưỡng
Fashion capital /ˈkæpɪtəl/ (n) : Kinh đô thời trang Retail /ˈriːteɪl/ (v) : Bán lẻ
Fashion line /laɪn/ (n) : Dòng thời trang Retailer /ˈriːteɪlə/ (n) : Nhà bán lẻ
Fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩ / (adj) : Thời trang Retro /ˈrɛtrəʊ/ (n) : Trào lưu hoài cổ
Figure /ˈfɪɡ.ər/ (n) : Hình dáng Runway /ˈrʌnweɪ/ (n) : Sàn diễn thời trang
Footwear /ˈfʊtˌwɛə/ (n) : Giày dép Sale assistant (n) : Nhân viên bán hàng
Forecast /ˈfɔːkæst/ (v) : Dự đoán Sexy /ˈseksi/ (adj) : Gợi cảm
Formal /ˈfɔː.məl/ (adj) : Trang trọng Shape /ʃeɪp/ (n) : Hình dạng
Full skirt / /fʊl skɜːt/ (n) : Váy phồng Shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə/ (n) : Vai, ngang vai
Furniture /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə/ (n) : Trang trí nội thất Show /ʃoʊ/ (n) : Buổi trình diễn
Garment /ˈɡɑːmənt/ (n) : Quần áo Showcase /ˈʃəʊkeɪs/ (v) : Trưng bày
Good looks /ɡʊd lʊkz/ (n) : Vẻ đẹp Silhouette /ˌsɪluˈet/ (n) : Hình bóng, hình ảnh
Goods /ɡʊd/ (n) : Hàng hóa Skinny jeans (n) : Quần bò bó sát
Haute couture /ˌəʊt kuˈtjʊə/ (n) : May đo cao cấp Slim fit (adj) : Bó sát cơ thể
High heels /haɪ hiːl/ (n) : Giày cao gót Smart /smɑːt/ (adj) : Mau lẹ
Hot /hɒt/ (adj) : Nóng bỏng Sophisticated /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ (adj) : Tinh tế, tinh vi
Iconic /aɪˈkɒn.ɪk/ (adj) : Có tính biểu tượng Source /sɔːs/ (n,v) : Nguồn, tìm nguồn gốc
Idea /aɪˈdɪə/ (n) : Ý tưởng Store /stɔː/ (n) : Sạp, cửa hàng
Idiosyncratic /ɪdɪəʊsɪŋˈkrætɪk/ (adj): Cá tính Style /staɪl/ (n) : Phong cách, kiểu
Illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ (v) : Minh họa, mô phỏng Stylish /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/ (adj) : Hợp thời trang
Industry /ˈɪndəstri/ (n) : Công nghiệp Stylist /ˈstaɪlɪst/ (n) : Nhà tạo mẫu
Informal /ɪnˈfɔːməl/ (adj) : Bình dân Supplier /səˈplaɪə/ (n) : Nhà cung cấp
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Tailored fit /ˈteɪləd/ (adj) : Bó sát cơ thể Pieces (pcs) (n) : Bộ quần áo, sản phẩm
Take off /ˈteɪk ɒf/ (v) : Cởi, tháo ra Plan /plæn/ (v) : Lên kế hoạch
Tear /teə/ (v) : Xé, làm thủng Press /pres/ (v) : Ủi, ép, làm phẳng
Textile /ˈtekstaɪl/ (n) : Dệt may Produce /prəˈdjuːs/ (v) : Sản xuất, gia công
Timeless /ˈtaɪmləs/ (adj) : Không hợp thời Production line /prəˈdʌkʃən/ (v) : Chuyền sản xuất
Torn jeans (n) : Quần bò xé Quality assurance QA (n) : Đảm bảo chất lượng
Trade fair (n) : Hội chợ thương mại Quality control QC /ˈkwɒlɪti/ (n) : Kiểm soát chất lượng
Traditional /trəˈdɪʃənəl/ (adj) : Truyền thống Ready-to-sew garment (n) : Quần áo may sẵn
Traditions /trəˈdɪʃən/ (n) : Tập quán Sample /ˈsæmpl/ (n) : Mẫu
Trend /trɛnd/ (n) : Xu hướng Sew /soʊ/ (v) : May
Trendy /ˈtrendi (adj) : Sành điệu, hợp thời Sewing instruction (n) : Hướng dẫn may
Try on /traɪ ɔn/ (v) : Thử đồ Sewing kit (n) : Bộ đồ nghề may vá
Vintage style /ˈvɪntɪdʒ/ (adj) : Phong cách xưa Sewing machine /ˈsəʊɪŋ məˈʃiːn/ (n): Máy may
Visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ (adj) : Về thị giác Shear /ʃɪə/ (v) : Cắt
Wear /weə/ (v) : Mặc, mang, đeo Shipping /ˈʃɪpɪŋ/ (n) : Xuất khẩu
Wearing /ˈweərɪŋ/ (n) : Sự mặc Sketch /sketʃ/ (n) : Bản phác thảo
Wholesaler /ˈhəʊlˌseɪlə/ (n) : Bán buôn, bán sỉ Specifications /ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ (n): Đặc tính kỹ thuật
Wrap /ræp/ (v,n) : Bọc, áo khoác Spread /spred/ (v) : Trải (vải)
LESSON 2 - APPAREL INDUSTRY Stitch /stɪtʃ/ (n,v) : Mũi may, may
Accounting /əˈkaʊntɪŋ/ (n) : Kế toán Supervisor /ˈsuːpəvaɪzə/ (n) : Chuyền trưởng
Apparel /əˈpærəl/ (n) : Quần áo, y phục Tag /tæɡ/ (v,n) : Gắn thẻ, thẻ
Assemble /əˈsembl̩ / (v) : Lắp ráp Technician /tekˈnɪʃən/ (n) : Kỹ thuật viên
Audit /ˈɔː.dɪt/ (v) : Kiểm tra, xem xét Trimming /ˈtrɪmɪŋ/ (n) : Phụ liệu cắt
Belt /belt/(n) : Dây đai, dây lung Wardrobe /ˈwɔːdrəʊb/ (n) : Tủ quần áo
Board of directors : Ban giám đốc Wastage /ˈweɪstɪdʒ/ (n) : Lãng phí, hao phí
Bundle /ˈbʌndl/ (v) : Bó, đóng thành bó LESSON 3 - CLOTHES AND ACESSORIES
Buttonhole /ˈbʌtənhəʊl/ (n) : Khuy, lỗ khuy Anklet /ˈæŋklət/ (n) : Kiềng chân
Chairman of the board (COB) : Chủ tịch HĐQT Apron /ˈeɪ.prən/ (n) : Tạp dề
Check /tʃek/ (v) : Kiểm tra Backpack /ˈbækpæk/ (n) : Ba lô
Chief executive officer (CEO) : Giám đốc điều hành Bikini /bɪˈkiːni/ (n) : Quần áo tắm hai mảnh
Cut /kʌt/ (v) : Cắt, gọt, xén Bleach /bliːtʃ/ (v) : Tẩy trắng
Cut-out garment (n) : Quần áo cắt sẵn Bloomers /ˈbluːmə/ (n) : Quần thể thao
Defect /ˈdiːfekt/ (n) : Lỗi, sai sót Blouse /blaʊs/ (n) : Áo cánh của nữ
Digitize /ˈdɪdʒɪtaɪz/ (v) : Số hóa Blouson /ˈbluːzɒn/ (n) : Áo khoác ngang eo
Director /daɪˈrektər/ (n) : Giám đốc Bodice /ˈbɒdɪs/ (n) : Thân áo, áo nịt ngực
Dispatch /dɪˈspætʃ/ (v) : Gửi hàng đi Bonnet /ˈbɑːnɪt/ (n) : Nón bê rê (bằng len)
Distribution /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən/ (n) : Sự phân phối Boots /buːt/ (n) : Ủng
Draping /dreɪpɪŋ/ (n) : Phủ vải lên mannequin Bow /baʊ/ (n) : Nơ
Easy-to-make pattern (n) : Rập bán sẵn Boxer short /ˈbɒksə/ (n) : Quần đùi ngắn
Executive /ɪɡˈzekjʊtɪv/ (n) : Điều hành Bra /brɑː/ (n) : Áo nịt ngực phụ nữ
Fabric /ˈfæbrɪk/ (n) : Vải, vải vóc Bracelets /ˈbreɪ.slət/ (n) : Vòng đeo tay
Finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ (n) : Tài chính Briefs /briːfz/ (n) : Quần lót nam
Finish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ (v) : Hoàn tất Brooch /broʊtʃ/ (n) : Trâm cài đầu
Finished garment (n) : Thành phẩm Camisole /ˈkæmɪsəʊl/ (n) : Áo yếm phụ nữ
Flat-pattern (n) : Rập phẳng Canes /keɪn/ (n) : Cây ba toong
Fold /foʊld/ (v) : Gấp, xếp Cap /kæp/ (n) : Mũ (nón) lưỡi trai
Form /fɔːm/ (n,v) : Mẫu, hình thành Cardigan /ˈkɑːdɪɡən/ (n) : Áo nịt
General affairs /əˈfeə/ (n) : Điều hành chung Chemise /ʃəˈmiz/ (n) : Áo nịt ngực phụ nữ
Grade /ɡreɪd/ (v) : Nhảy mẫu, nhân cỡ Clogs /klɒɡ/ (n) : Guốc
Grade rule (n) : Qui tắc nhảy cỡ Coat /koʊt/ (n) : Áo khoác dài
Home dressmaking (n) : Nghề may tại nhà Corset /ˈkɔːsɪt/ (n) : Áo nịt ngực kiểu xưa
Human resource (n) : Nguồn nhân lực Diaper /ˈdaɪpə/ (n) : Tã, bỉm
Hygiene /ˈhaɪdʒiːn/ (n) : Tính vệ sinh Dry /drai/ (v) : Sấy, phơi khô
Inspect /ɪnˈspekt/ (v) : Kiểm tra Ear muff /iə mʌf/ (n) : Bao giữ ấm tay
Iron /aɪən (v,n) : Ủi, bàn ủi Earrings /ˈɪərɪŋ/ (n) : Khuyên tai
Join /dʒɔɪn/ (v) : Nối, tham gia Fingerless gloves (n) : Găng tay xỏ ngón
Laundering /ˈlɔːndərɪŋ/ (n) : Việc giặt giũ Flats /flætz/ (n) : Giày bẹt, giày đế mỏng
Magazine /ˌmæɡəˈziːn/ (n) : Tạp chí Glasses /ˈɡlæsəz/ (n) : Kính, kiếng đeo
Maintenance /ˈmeɪntɪnəns/ (n) : Bảo trì, duy trì Gloves /ɡlʌv/ (n) : Găng tay
Make /meɪk/ (v) : Làm, sản xuất Gown /ɡaʊn/ (n) : Áo choàng
Manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ (v) : Quản lý Hand fans (n) : Quạt nan, quạt tay
Manager /ˈmænɪdʒə/ (n) : Quản lý Handbag /ˈhændbæɡ/ (n) : Túi xách
Market segment /ˈseɡmənt/ (n) : Phân khúc thị trường Handkerchief /ˈhæŋkətʃiːf/ (n) : Khăn mùi xoa
Monitor /ˈmɒnɪtər/ (v,n) : Theo dõi, màn hình Hang up /hæŋ ʌp/ (v) : Treo (quần áo)
Nightwear /ˈnaɪtweə/ (n) : Đồ ngủ Hat /hæt/ (n) : Mũ (nón) có vành
Number /ˈnʌmbə/ (n,v) : Số, đánh số Headband /ˈhedbænd/ (n) : Băng đeo trên đầu
Outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ (n) : Bản vẽ Jewelry /ˈdʒuːəlri/ (n) : Nữ trang
Pack /pæk/ (v) : Đóng gói Jumper /ˈdʒʌmpə/ (n) : Áo mặc chui đầu
Package /ˈpækɪdʒ/ (v,n) : Đóng kiện, kiện hàng Knickers /ˈnɪkəz/ (n) : Quần lót phụ nữ
Personnel /ˌpɜːsənˈel/ (n) : Nhân sự Lingerie /ˈlɒnʒəri/ (n) : Đồ lót phụ nữ
Piece /piːs/ (n) : Chi tiết Mitten /ˈmɪtən/ (n) : Găng tay đánh quyền
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Muff /mʌf/ (n) : Bao tay giữ ấm Denim /ˈdenɪm/ (n) : Vải bò
Necklace /ˈnek.ləs/ (n) : Vòng cổ Dull /dʌl/ (adj) : Mờ đục
Nightdress /ˈnaɪtdrɛs/ (n) : Dạ phục Durable /ˈdjʊərəbl̩ / (adj) : Bền, lâu
Outfits /ˈaʊtfɪtz/ (n) : Trang phục Elastic /ɪˈlæstɪk/ (adj) : Đàn hồi
Pajama /pɪˈdʒɑːmə/ (n) : Bộ đồ ngủ Fancy yarn /ˈfænsi jɑːn/ (n) : Sợi hoa
Panties /ˈpæntiz/ (n) : Quần lót phụ nữ Felt /felt/ (n,v) : Nỉ, tạo nỉ
Pants /pænts/ (US, n) : Quần tây Fiber /ˈfaɪbə/ (n) : Xơ dệt
Pantyhose /ˈpæntihəʊz/ (n) : Quần chật ống Filament yarn /ˈfɪləmənt jɑːn/ (n) : Sợi liên lục
Parachute /ˈperəʃuːt/ (n) : Dù, ô che Fine /faɪn/ (adj) : Mảnh, nhỏ
Partywear /ˈpɑːtiweə/ (n) : Trang phục dạ hội Flax /flæks/ (n) : Cây lanh
Petticoat /ˈpetɪkoʊt/ (n) : Đồ lót phụ nữ Fleece /fliːs/ (n) : Bộ lông, bộ da
Polo-shirt /ˈpoʊloʊ ʃɜːt/ (n) : Áo thun có cổ Flexible /ˈfleksɪbl̩ / (adj) : Mềm dẻo
Pouch /paʊtʃ/ (n) : Túi xách Grain /ɡreɪn/ (n) : Canh sợi
Pullover /ˈpʊlˌəʊvə/ (n) : Áo thun cổ hở Hairy /ˈheəri/ (adj) : Xù long
Pumps /pʌmpz/ (n) : Giày cao gót Heavy /ˈhevi/ (adj) : Nặng
Purse /pɜːs/ (n) : Túi xách Hemp /hemp/ (n) : Cây gai dầu
Ring /rɪŋ/ (n) : Nhẫn đeo tay Jacquard fabric /dʒækɑːd/ (n) : Vải dệt hoa nhỏ
Rinse /rɪns/ (v) : Giũ (quần áo) Jersey fabric (n) : Vải thun (dệt kim)
Sandal /ˈsændəl/ (n) : Dép có quai Jute /dʒuːt/ (n) : Cây đay
Scarf /skɑːf/ (n) : Khăn quàng cổ Kapok /ˈkeɪ.pɒk/ (n) : Bông gòn
Shirt /ʃɜːt/ (n) : Áo sơ mi, áo Khaki fabric /ˈkɑːkɪ/ (n) : Vải khaki (vải chéo dày)
Shoes /ʃuː/ (n) : Giày dép Knit /nɪt/ (v) : Đan
Shorts /ʃɔːts/ (n) : Quần đùi, quần ngắn Knitted fabric /ˈnɪt.ɪd/ (n) : Vải dệt kim
Skirt /skɜːt/ (n) : Váy Lengthwise grain /ˈleŋθwaɪz/ (n) : Canh sợi dọc
Slippers /ˈslɪpə/ (n) : Dép di trong nhà Linen /ˈlɪnɪn/ (n) : Vải lanh
Sneakers /ˈsniːkə/ (n) : Giày thể thao Loop /luːp/ (n) : Vòng sợi
Socks /sɒk/ (n) : Vớ ngắn, tất ngắn Luster /ˈlʌstə/ (adj) : Bóng láng
Sportswear /ˈspɔːtsweə/ (n) : Trang phục thể thao Non-woven fabric (n) : Vải không dệt
Squeeze /skwiːz/ (v) : Vắt Novelty yarn /ˈnɒvəlti jɑːn/ (n) : Sợi mới lạ
Stockings /ˈstɒkɪŋ/ (n) : Vớ dài, tất dài Organza fabric /ɔːˈɡænzə/ (n) : Vải trơn mỏng cứng
Suits /sjuːt/ (n) : Bộ veston Pillow /ˈpɪləʊ/ (n) : Gối
Sunglasses (n) : Kính râm Plain fabric /plein/ (n) : Vải trơn, vải vân điểm
Sweater /ˈswetə/ (n) : Áo len Plain weave /pleɪn wi:v/ (n) : Kiểu dệt vân điểm
Tank top /tæŋk/ (n) : Áo ba lỗ Plied yarn /plaɪd jɑːn/ (n) : Sợi xe chập
Tees (T-shirt) /ˈtiːʃɜːt/ (n) : Áo thun Porous /ˈpɔːrəs/ (adj) : Xốp, rỗng
Tie /tai/ (n,v) : Cà vạt, thắt, cột Ramie /ˈræmɪ/ (n) : Cây gai
Tights /taɪts/ (n) : Quần chật ống Regenerated fibers (n) : Xơ tái sinh
Trousers /ˈtraʊzəz/ (UK, n) : Quần tây Rough /rʌf/ (adj) : Nhám, gồ ghề
Tube top /tjuːb/ (n) : Áo ống phụ nữ Sateen fabric /sæ'ti:n/ (n) : Vải láng
Tunic /ˈtjuːnɪk/ (n) : Áo chẽn, áo thầy tu Satin fabric /ˈsætɪn/ (n) : Vải lụa bóng, lãnh tơ tằm
Umbrella /ʌmˈbrelə/ (n) : Dù, ô che Satin weave /ˈsætɪn wi:v/ (n) : Kiểu dệt vân đoạn
Underwear /ˈʌndəweə/ (n) : Đồ lót Selvage /ˈsæl.vɪdʒ/ (n) : Biên (vải)
Vest /vest/ (n) : Áo ghi lê Sheep /ʃiːp/ (n) : Con cừu
Wallet /ˈwɑːlɪt/ (n) : Ví, bóp Sheet /ʃiːt/ (n) : Khăn trải giường
Wash /wɑːʃ/ (v) : Giặt Shiny /ˈʃaɪ.ni/ (adj) : Lóng lánh
Watch /wɑːtʃ/ (n) : Đồng hồ đeo tay Silkworm /ˈsɪlkwɜːm/ (n) : Con tằm
LESSON 4 - TEXTILE MATERIALS Single yarn /ˈsɪŋɡl jɑːn/ (n) : Sợi đơn, sợi con
Absorbed /əbˈzɔːbd/ (adj) : Thấm hút Smooth /smuːð/ (adj) : Trơn, bóng
Appearance /əˈpɪərəns/ (n) : Ngoại quan Soft /sɒft/ (adj) : Mềm
Bamboo /bæmˈbuː/ (n) : Cây tre Spin /spɪn/ (v) : Kéo sợi
Bias grain /ˈbaɪ.əs ɡreɪn/ (n) : Canh sợi xéo Spun yarn /spʌn jɑːn/ (n) : Sợi kéo từ xơ staple
Blankets /ˈblæŋkɪt/ (n) : Chăn mền Staple /ˈsteɪpl/ (n) : Xơ ngắn
Braid /breɪd/ (v) : Cột, thắt Synthetic /sɪnˈθet.ɪk/ (adj) : Tổng hợp
Bulky /ˈbʌlki/ (adj) : Cồng kềnh Taffeta fabric /'tæfitə/ (n) : Vải mỏng
Cable /ˈkeɪbl/ (n) : Dây cáp Tartan fabric /'tɑ:tən/ (n) : Vải len kẻ ô
Calico fabric /'kælikou/ (n) : Vải trúc bâu (hoa) Thermoplastic /ˌθɜːməʊˈplæstɪk/ (adj): Nhiệt dẻo
Canvas fabric /'kænvəs/ (n) : Vải bạt Thermoset /ˌθɜːməʊˈset/ (adj) : Nhiệt rắn
Chiffon /ʃɪˈfɒn/ (n) : Lụa trong, the, xuyến, lượt Towel /taʊəl/ (n) : Khăn tắm
Coarse /kɔːs/ (adj) : Thô, dày Tulle fabric /tju:l/ (n) : Vải tuyn, vải mùng
Coir /kɔɪə/ (n) : Xơ dừa Tussah /'tʌsə/ (n) : Lụa từ tơ sồi, tơ nái (thô)
Complex yarn /kəmˈpleks jɑːn/ (n) : Sợi phức Twill fabric (n) : Vải vân chéo
Cool /kuːl/ (adj) : Mát mẻ Twill weave /twɪl wi:v/ (n) : Kiểu dệt vân chéo
Cords /kɔːd/ (n) : Dây thừng Twist /twɪst/ (n,v) : Độ xoắn, xoắn
Corduroy fabric /'kɔ:dərɔi/ (n) : Vải nhung kẻ Uniform /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ (adj ,n) : Đồng nhất, đồng phục
Core yarn /kɔ jɑːn/ (n) : Sợi có lõi Velvet fabric /'velvit/ (n) : Vải nhung
Cotton /ˈkɒtən/ (n) : Cây bông Voile fabric /vɔil/ (n) : Vải voan, sa (tơ tằm)
Count /kaʊnt/ (n) : Chi số Wales /weɪlz/ (n) : Cột vòng
Courses /kɔːs/ (n) : Hàng vòng Warm /wɔːm/ (adj) : Ấm
Crepe fabric /kreip/ (n) : Vải nhiễu, vải kếp Warp yarn /wɔːp jɑːn/ (n) : Sợi ngang
Crocheting /kroʊˈʃeɪ/ (n) : Đan bằng que Weave /wiːv/ (v) : Dệt
Crosswise grain /ˈkrɒswaɪz/ (n) : Canh sợi ngang Weft yarn /weft jɑːn/ (n) : Sợi dọc
87 | P a g e
Woven fabric /ˈwəʊvən/ (n) : Vải dệt thoi Drill cutting machine (n) : Máy cắt tinh
Wrinkle /ˈrɪŋkl̩ / (v) : Co Electric iron /ɪˈlektrɪk/ (n) : Bàn ủi điện
Yarn /jɑːn/ (n) : Sợi Embroidery machine /ɪmˈbrɔɪdəri/ (n): Máy thêu
LESSON 5 - GARMENT ACCESSORIES AND TRIMMINGS End cutter (n) : Máy cắt đầu bàn
Bead /bi:d/ (n) : Cườm, hạt cườm Fabric spreading machine (n) : Máy trải vải
Bikini clasp /bɪˈkiːni klæsp/ (n) : Cài áo tắm Feed dog /fiːd dɒɡ/ (n) : Răng cưa, bàn lừa
Blazer /ˈbleɪ.zə/ (n) : Áo bằng nỉ ngắn French curve (n) : Thước cong
Buckle /ˈbʌkl/ (n) : Khóa (dây nịt) Fusing machine /fjuːzɪŋ məˈʃiːn/ (n): Máy ép keo
Butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ (n) : Bướm cổ Hand wheel /hænd wiːl/ (n) : Bánh đà
Button /ˈbʌtən/ (n) : Nút, cúc Lifter /lɪftə/ (n) : Cần nâng trụ kim
Clips /klɪpz/ (n) : Kẹp, khóa Lockstitch /lɒk stɪtʃ/ (n) : Mũi thắt nút
Collar stand /ˈkɒlə stænd/ (n) : Khoanh cổ Loop turner / /luːp tɜːnə/ (n) : Cây luồn dây
Collar stay /ˈkɒlə stei/ (n) : Thanh giữ cổ Marker /mɑ:kə/ (n) : Bút đánh dấu
Décor /ˈdeɪ.kɔː/ (n) : Cườm trang trí Needle /ˈniː.dl/ (n) : Kim
Drawstring /ˈdrɔːstrɪŋ/ (n) : Dây rút (bao lô) Needle bar /ˈniːdl bɑ/ (n) : Trụ kim
Embroidery scissors (n) : Kéo cắt chỉ thêu Needle butt /ˈniː.dl bʌt/ (n) : Đốc kim
Eyelets /ˈaɪlət/ (n) : Khoen Needle detector /dɪˈtektə/ (n) : Máy dò kim
Fringes /frɪndʒ/ (n) : Diềm trang trí Needle eye / ˈniː.dl ai/ (n) : Lỗ kim
Fusible interlining /ˈfjuːzəbəl/ (n) : Dựng dính Needle groove /ˈniː.dl ɡruːv/ (n) : Rãnh kim
Grommets /ˈɡrɒmɪt/ (n) : Khoen Needle point /ˈniː.dl pɔɪnt/ (n) : Đầu kim
Handtag /hændtæɡ/ (n) : Thẻ bài Notchers /nɒtʃə/ (n) : Dụng cụ lấy dấu bấm
Hook and eye /hʊk ænd aɪ/ (n) : Khoen móc Overedge /əʊvəˈɛdʒ/ (n) : Mũi vắt sổ
Hook and loop fasteneners (n) : Băng gai, nhám dính Overlock /əʊvəˈlɒk/ (n) : Mũi vắt sổ
Interlining /ˈɪntəˌlaɪnɪŋ/ (n) : Keo, dựng Overlock machine (n) : Máy vắt sổ
Invisible zipper /ɪnˈvɪzɪbl/ (n) : Dây kéo giấu Pocketing machine /ˈpɒkɪtɪŋ/ (n) : Máy gắn túi
Knife /naɪf/ (n) : Dao Presser /ˈprɛsə/ (n) : Chân vịt
Label /ˈleɪbəl/ (n,v) : Nhãn, gắn nhãn Presser bar /ˈprɛsə bɑ/ (n) : Trụ chân vịt
Lace /leɪs/ (n) : Đăng ten Reverse lever /rɪˈvɜːs ˈlevə/ (n) : Cần lại mũi
Lacings /ˈleɪsɪŋ/ (n) : Dây cột giày, áo Round cutting machine (n) : Máy cắt tay dạng đĩa
Lining /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/ (n) : Vải lót Ruler /ˈruːlə/ (n) : Thước
Magic tapes /ˈmædʒɪk/ (n) : Băng gai, nhám dính Sad iron /sæd aɪən/ (n) : Bàn ủi nung
Magnetic pin holder /mæɡˈnetɪk/ (n): Nam châm hút kim Seam ripper /siːmˌrɪpə/ (n) : Dụng cụ tháo chỉ
Non-fusible interlining (n) : Dựng không dính Shuttle /ˈʃʌtl/ (n) : Ổ thoi
Padding /ˈpædɪŋ/ (n) : Đệm, độn Spool pin /spuːl pin/ (n) : Trụ ống chỉ
Pin cushion /pɪnˈkʊʃ.ən/ (n) : Gối ghim kim Steaming iron /ˈstiː.mɪŋ aɪən/ (n) : Bàn ủi hơi nước
Pinking shears /pɪŋkɪŋ ʃɪəz / (n) : Kéo răng cưa Stitch indicator /ˈɪndɪkeɪtə/ (n) : Điều chỉnh bước mũi
Pins /pɪn/ (n) : Đinh ghim Straight knife cutting machine (n): Máy cắt tay thẳng
Poly bag /ˈpɒlɪ bæɡ/ (n) : Túi nylon Take-up lever /ˈteɪkʌp ˈlevə/ (n) : Cò giựt chỉ
Press-stub /pres stʌd/ (n) : Khuy bấm Tape measure /teɪpˈmɛʒə/ (n) : Thước dây
Ribbon /ˈrɪbən/ (n) : Ruy bang Thimble /ˈθɪmbl̩ / (n) : Cái đê
Rivet /ˈrɪv.ɪt/ (n) : Đinh tán Thread guide /ɡaɪd/ (n) : Dẫn chỉ
Safety pin /ˈseɪfti pin/ (n) : Kim bang Thread sucking machine /sʌkɪŋ/ (n): Máy hút chỉ
Scissors /ˈsɪzəz/ (n) : Kéo cắt giấy Throat plate /θrəʊt pleɪt/ (n) : Mặt nguyệt
Separating zipper (n) : Dây kéo rời Tracing paper /ˈtreɪsɪŋˈpeɪpə/ (n) : Giấy can
Shears /ʃɪəz/ (n) : Kéo lớn cắt vải Tracing wheel /ˈtreɪ.sɪŋ wiːl/ (n) : Cây lăn dấu
Shoulder pads (n) : Đệm vai Zigzag machine /ˈzɪɡzæɡ/ (n) : Máy may zigzag
Snaps /snæp/ (n) : Khuy bấm LESSON 7 - ANTHROPOMETRICS & SIZE MEASUREMENT
Snips /snɪps/ (n) : Kéo bấm chỉ Ankle /ˈæŋkl̩ / (n) : Mắt cá chân
Soutache /ˈmʌstæʃ/ (n) : Dải trang trí gắn lên vải Anthropometrics /ænθrəpə´metrik/ (n): Nhân trắc học
Stopper /ˈstɒpə/ (n) : Chặn (dây kéo) Appearance /əˈpɪərəns/ (n) : Ngoại hình
String /strɪŋ/ (n) : Băng dải Arm /ɑːm/ (n) : Tay
Swatch cutter /swɑːtʃ ˈkʌtə/ (n) : Dập cắt mẫu Armpit /ˈɑːmpɪt/ (n) : Nách
Tag pin /tæɡ pin/ (n) : Đinh ghim Back /bæk/ (n) : Lưng, thân sau
Tassels /ˈtæsəl/ (n) : Tua Beard /bɪəd/ (n) : Râu
Thread /θred/ (n) : Chỉ may Biceps /ˈbaɪseps/ (n) : Bắp tay
Thread clippers /ˈklɪpəz/ (n) : Kéo bấm chỉ Breast /brest/ (n) : Ngực (phụ nữ)
Thumbtacks /ˈθʌmtæk/ (n) : Ghim ấn Buttock /ˈbʌtək/ (n) : Mông
Velcro /ˈvel.krəʊ/ (n) : Nhám dính, bang gai Calf /kɑːf/ (n) : Bắp vế, bắp đùi
Zipper /ˈzɪpə/ (n) : Dây kéo, khóa kéo Cheek /tʃiːk/ (n) : Má, gò má
LESSON 6 - SEWING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT Chest /tʃest/ (n) : Ngực (đàn ông)
Awl /ɔːl/ (n) : Dùi lấy dấu Chin /tʃɪn/ (n) : Cằm
Band knife /bænd naif/ (n) : Máy cắt vòng Ear /ɪə/ (n) : Tai
Bartack machine /bɑ: tæk/ (n) : Máy đính bọ Earlobe /ˈɪələʊb/ (n) : Vành tai
Bobbin /ˈbɒbɪn/ (n) : Suốt chỉ Elbow /ˈelbəʊ/ (n) : Khuỷu tay, cùi trỏ
Bobbin case /ˈbɒbɪn keɪs (n) : Thuyền Eye /aɪ/ (n) : Mắt
Bobbin winder /bɒbɪnˈwaɪndə/ (n) : Bộ phận đánh suốt Eyebrow /ˈaɪbraʊ/ (n) : Lông mày
Bodkin /ˈbɒdkɪn/ (n) : Cây tram Eyelash /ˈaɪlæʃ/ (n) : Lông mi
Button attaching machine (n) : Máy đính nút Face /feis/ (n) : Khuôn mặt
Buttonhole machine /bʌtənhəʊl/ (n): Máy thùa khuy Fingerprint /ˈfɪŋɡəprɪnt/ (n) : Vân tay
Charcoal iron /ˈtʃɑː.kəʊl aɪən/ (n) : Bàn ủi than Foot /fʊt/ (n) : Bàn chân
Cover stitch /ˈkʌv.ə/ (n) : Mũi trần diễu Forearm /ˈfɔːrɑːm/ (n) : Cánh tay
88 | P a g e
Freckles /ˈfrekl̩ / (n) : Tàn nhang Match /mætʃ/ (v) : Căn kẻ

Groin /ɡrɔɪn/ (n) : Bẹn, hang Neck drop / nek drɒp/ (n) : Hạ cổ
Gum /ɡʌm/ (n) : Nướu, lợi Necklines /ˈneklaɪn/ (n) : Cổ áo (không bâu)
Hair /heə/ (n) : Tóc, lông Nest /nest/ (n) : Mẫu lồng (nhảy size)
Hand /hænd/ (n) : Bàn tay Notch /nɒtʃ/ (n) : Dấu bấm
Head /hed/ (n) : Đầu Opening /ˈəʊpənɪŋ/ (n) : Cửa (tay áo, quần)
Heel /hiːl/ (n) : Gót chân Overlap /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/ (n) : Trụ lớn (tay áo)
Hip /hɪp/ (n) : Hông Patch pocket /pætʃ ˈpɒkɪt/(n) : Túi đắp
Index finger /ˈɪn.deksˈfɪŋɡə/ (n) : Ngón trỏ Pattern /ˈpætən/ (n) : Rập
Instep /ˈɪnstep/ (n) : Cổ chân Placket /ˈplækɪt/ (n) : Trụ (tay áo)
Jaw /dʒɔː/ (n) : Quai hàm Pleat /pliːt/ (n) : Li sống
Leg /leg/ (n) : Chân Pocket /ˈpɒkɪt/ (n) : Túi
Lip /lɪp / (n) : Môi Rise /raɪz/ (n) : Đáy quần
Measurement /ˈmeʒəmənt/ (n) : Số đo Seam allowance /əˈlaʊəns/ (n) : Chừa đường may
Middle finger /ˈmɪdlˈfɪŋɡə/ (n) : Ngón giữa Slash /slæʃ/ (n) : Đường xẻ
Mouth /maʊθ/ (n) : Miệng, mồm Sleeve /sliːv/ (n) : Tay áo
Mustache /ˈmʌstæʃ/ (n) : Ria mép Styleline /staɪlain/ (n) : Chi tiết nối
Nail /neɪl/ (n) : Móng tay Sweep /swiːp/ (n) : Thùng (váy)
Navel /ˈneɪvəl/ (n) : Lỗ rốn Tapered pleat /ˈteɪpər/ (n) : Li hẹp
Neck /nek/ (n) : Cổ Target /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ (n) : Định mức (giác)
Nipple /ˈnɪpl̩ / (n) : Núm vú, đầu ngực Tucks /tʌk/ (n) : Chi tiết xếp nếp
Nose /noʊz/ (n) : Mũi Under collar /ˈʌndəl kɒlə/ (n) : Chân cổ
Nostril /ˈnɑːstrəl/ (n) : Lỗ mũi Under sleeve /ˈʌndə sliːv/ (n) : Mang nhỏ (tay áo)
Palm /pɑːm/ (n) : Lòng bàn tay Underlap /ˈʌndəlæp/ (n) : Trụ nhỏ (tay áo)
Phalanges /ˈfeɪlæŋks/ (n) : Đốt tay Upper collar /ˈʌpə ˈkɒlə/ (n) : Lá cổ
Pinky finger /ˈpɪŋki ˈfɪŋɡə/ (n) : Ngón út Upper sleeve /ˈʌpə sli:v/ (n) : Mang lớn (tay áo)
Pupil /ˈpjuːpəl/ (n) : Con ngươi Variable pleat /ˈveəriəbl̩ / (n) : Li biến thiên
Ring finger /rɪŋˈfɪŋɡə/ (n) : Ngón đeo nhẫn Waistline /ˈweɪstˌlaɪn/ (n) : Ngang eo
Shin /ʃɪn/ (n) : Cẳng chân Welt pocket /welt ˈpɒkɪt/ (n) : Túi mổ
Sole /soʊl/ (n) : Lòng Mông bàn chân Width /wɪtθ/ (n) : Độ rộng
Stomach /ˈstʌmək/ (n) : Bụng Yoke /joʊk/ (n) : Đô (áo, quần)
Teeth /tiːθ/ (n) : Răng LESSON 9 - TECHPACKS AND ASSEMBLY LINE
Temple /ˈtempl/ (n) : Thái dương Add /æd/ (v) : Thêm vào
Thigh /θaɪ/ (n) : Đùi Align /əˈlaɪn/ (v) : Gióng hàng
Throat /θrəʊt/ (n) : Cổ họng Assembly line /əˈsembli lain/ (n) : Chuyền may
Thumb /θʌmb/ (n) : Ngón cái Attach /əˈtætʃ/ (v) : Gắn, lắp ráp
Toe /təʊ/ (n) : Ngón chân Balancing sheet /ˈbælənsɪŋ/ (n) : Bảng cân bằng chuyền
Toenail /ˈtəʊneɪl/ (n) : Móng chân Bend /bend/ (v) : Bẻ cong, đánh cong
Tongue /tʌŋ/ (n) : Lưỡi Bill of materials (BOM) : Bảng nguyên phụ liệu
Umbilicus /ʌmˈbɪlɪkəs/ (n) : Lốn Close /kloʊz/ (v) : Đóng lại
Wrist /rɪst/ (n) : Cổ tay, vòng cổ tay Construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ (v) : Lắp ráp
LESSON 8 - PATTERN MAKING Construction detail sheet (n) : Bảng chi tiết lắp ráp
Annotation /ˌænəˈteɪʃən/ (n) : Ghi chú sơ đồ Cutter must /məs/ (n) : Qui định cắt
Armhole /ˈɑːmhəʊl/ (n) : Vòng nách Factory layout /ˈleɪaʊt/ (n) : Sơ đồ chuyền
Backing /ˈbækɪŋ/ (n) : Vải may túi Flip /flip/ (v) : Lật đối xứng
Box pleat /bɒks pliːt / (n) : Li hộp Gather /ˈɡæðə/ (v) : Tạo dúm
Buffer /ˈbʌfə/ (n) : Khoảng đệm Hole /hoʊl/ (v) : Đục lỗ
Bust /bʌst/ (n) : Vòng ngực Insert /ɪnˈsɜːt/ (v) : Chèn, kẹp vào
Bust point (n) : Nhấn ngực (đầu ngực) Lift /lɪft/ (v) : Nâng
Collar /ˈkɒlə/ (n) : Cổ, lá cổ Mark /mɑːk/ (v) : Đánh dấu
Collar stand /stænd/ (n) : Chân cổ Measurement chart (n) : Bảng TSKT
Contouring /ˈkɒn.tɔːrɪŋ/ (n) : Đường viền Open /ˈəʊpən/ (v) : Mở
Cowl /kaʊl/ (n) : Chi tiết đổ (cổ đổ) Packing list /ˈpækɪŋ/ (n) : Bảng qui định đóng gói
Crotch /krɒtʃ/ (n) : Đũng quần Pattern piece list (n) : Bảng thông kê chi tiết
Cuff /kʌf/ (n) : Bo tay Place /pleis/(v) : Đặt lên
Dart /dɑːt/ (n) : Chiết (li chết) Ply /plaɪ/ (v) : Cầm (đường may)
Drafting /drɑːftɪŋ/ (n) : Vẽ thiết kế Process flow chart /floʊ tʃɑːt/ (n) : Sơ đồ nhánh cây
Facing /ˈfeɪsɪŋ/ (n) : Nẹp (áo, cổ…) Pull /pul/(v) : Kéo
Flanges /flændʒ/ (n) : Chi tiết nổi gờ Push /pʊʃ/ (v) : Đẩy
Flap /flæp/ (n) : Nắp (túi) Put /put/ (v) : Đặt
Flares /fleəz/ (n) : Chi tiết phùng (li hở) Remove /rɪˈmuːv/ (v) : Gỡ bỏ, bỏ đi
Front /frʌnt/ (n) : Thân trước Rule table /ˈteɪbl/ (n) : Bảng nhảy size
Fullness /ˈfʊlnəs/ (n) : Độ xòe, chi tiết xòe Separate /ˈsepərət/ (v) : Tách rời
Gathers /ˈɡæðə/ (n) : Chi tiết dúm Set /set/ (v) : Đặt, thiết lập
Hem /hem/ (n) : Lai, gấu, vòng lai Specification sheet /ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ (n): Bảng TCKT
Inseam /ˈɪnˌsim/ (n) : Giàng quần Tech-packs /tek pæk/ (n) : Tài liệu kỹ thuật
Knife pleat /naɪf pliːt/ (n) : Li nhọn Trace /treɪs/ (v) : Xén, gọt
Laylimit /leiˈlɪmɪt/ (n) : Chiều chi tiết Trim /trɪm/ (v) : Cắt, gọt, xén
Layrule /leiruːl/ (n) : Nước giác Turn /tɜːn/ (v) : Lộn ngược
Length /leŋθ/ (n) : Chiều dài (áo, quần) Working sheet /ˈwɜːkɪŋ ʃiːt/ (n) : Bảng tác nghiệp
Marker /ˈmɑː.kə/ (n) : Sơ đồ LESSON 10 - TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
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Abrasion /əˈbreɪ.ʒən/ (n) : Độ mài mòn Insurance /in'ʃuərəns/ (n) : Bảo hiểm
Acceptable quality limit (AQL) : Giới hạn chất lượng Junior merchandiser /ˈdʒuːnjə/ (n): QLĐH cấp một
Broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ (adj) : Bị vỡ, hỏng Liaise /li'eiz/ (v) : Giữ liên lạc
Ceasing /siːsɪŋ/ (adj) : Bị nhàu, dúm Merchandiser ˈmɜːtʃəndaɪzə/ (n) : Nhân viên quản lý ĐH
Colorfastness /ˈkʌləfɑːstniz/ (n) : Độ bền màu Mode of transport (n) : Phương thức vận chuyển
Correct /kəˈrekt/ (v) : Sửa (hàng) Order No /'ɔ:də nou/ (n) : Đơn hàng
Crushed /krʌʃd/ (adj) : Vỡ nát Order Style /'ɔ:də stail/ (n) : Mã hàng
Defective /dɪˈfektɪv/ (adj) : Bị lỗi Photo shot sample (n) : Mẫu quảng cáo
Detect /dɪˈtekt/ (v) : Dò tìm (lỗi) PP sample (n) : Mẫu tiền sản xuất
Different /ˈdɪfərənt/ (adj) : Sai khác (màu) Proto sample (n) : Mẫu chào khách hàng
Dimension stability /ˌdaɪˈmenʃən/ (n): Sự ổn định kích thước Purchasing order /'pə:t∫əsɪŋ/ (PO) : Đơn đặt hàng
Dirt /dɜːt/ (adj) : Bẩn, dơ Retailer /ˈriːteɪlə/ (n) : Nhà bán lẻ
Dropped /drɑːpd/ (adj) : Rớt, bỏ qua (mũi may) Salesman sample (n) : Mẫu chào người mua
Faulty /ˈfɔːltɪ/ (adj) : Bị lỗi Sample /ˈsɑːmpəl/ (n) : Mẫu, quần áo mẫu
Frayed /freɪd/ (adj) : Bị sờn (mép) Senior merchandiser /ˈsiːnjə/ (n) : QLĐH cấp cao
Fuzzy /ˈfʌz.i/ (adj) : Bị mờ Shipment sample /ʃɪpmənt/ (n) : Mẫu trưng bày (giữ lại)
Holed /həʊld/ (adj) : Bị thủng (vải) Size set (SS) sample (n) : Mẫu kiểm size
Improper /ɪmˈprɒpə/ (adj) : Bị sai qui cách Terminal /´tə:minəl/ (n) : Kho cảng
Inappropriate /ˌɪnəˈprəʊpriət/ (adj): Không phù hợp Top sample (n) : Mẫu trên chuyền
Incorrect /ˌɪnkərˈekt/ (adj) : Bị sai, không đúng Visual merchandiser /ˈvɪʒʊəl/ (n) : QLĐH kinh doanh
Indistinct /ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋkt/ (adj) : Không rõ, không thấy Vendor /'vendə/ (n) : Người bán, nhà cung cấp
Kinked /kɪŋkid/ (adj) : Bị gấp khúc (sợi) Wash sample (n) : Mẫu để kiểm tra giặt
Loose /luːs/ (adj) : Lỏng (chỉ) LESSON 12 - CURRICULUM VITAE OF JOB INTERVIEW
Lump /lʌmp/ (adj) : Bị kết gút Achievements /əˈtʃiːvməntz/ (n) : Thành tích
Misaligned /ˌmɪsəˈlaɪnd/ (adj) : Không thẳng hàng Bachelor /ˈbætʃələ/ (n) : Cử nhân
Mismatched /ˌmɪsˈmætʃd/ (adj) : Không khớp (may) Biography /baɪˈɒgrəfi/ (n) : Hồ sơ cá nhân
Misplace /ˌmɪsˈpleɪs/ (adj) : Sai vị trí Certificate /səˈtɪfɪkɪt/ (n) : Chứng chỉ, chứng nhận
Missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/ (adj) : Bỏ qua (mũi may) Challenge /'t∫ælindʒ/ (n) : Thách thức
Oiled /ɔɪld/ (adj) : Nhiễm dầu Conflict /kən'flikt/ (n) : Tranh chấp, mâu thuẫn
Omitted /əʊˈmɪtid/ (adj) : Mờ (dấu) Curriculum vitae /kəˈrɪkjʊləmˈviːtaɪ/ (n): Sơ yếu lý lịch
Pilling /pɪlɪŋ/ (n) : Sự vón cục Degree /dɪˈɡriː/ (n) : Trình độ, bằng
Puckering /ˈpʌkərɪŋ/ (adj) : Nhăn (vải) Diploma /dɪˈploʊmə/ (n) : Văn bằng, chứng chỉ
Ragged /ˈræɡ.ɪd/ (adj) : Tưa, tả tơi (mép) Drive licence /draɪvˈlaɪsəns/ (n) : Bằng lái xe
Raveled /ˈrævəl/ (adj) : Bị rối, bị thắt nút Education /ɛdjʊˈkeɪʃən/ (n) : Giáo dục
Ripped /ripd/ (adj) : Bị rách Engineer /ɛndʒɪˈnɪə/ (n) : Kỹ sư
Safety /ˈseɪfti/ (n) : Tính an toàn Graduate /grædʒueɪt/ (n) : Hệ sau đại học
Serrated /səˈreɪtɪd/ (adj) : Bị răng cưa Interests /ˈɪntrɪstz/ (n) : Mối quan tâm
Shrunk /ʃrʌŋk/ (adj) : Bị co Interview /ˈɪntəˌvjuː/ (v,n) : Phỏng vấn
Skimpy /ˈskɪmpi/ (adj) : Bị thiếu Language skill /ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ/ (n) : Trình độ ngoại ngữ
Slack /slæk/ (adj) : Lỏng (sợi) Master /ˈmɑːstə/ (n) : Thạc sỹ
Slub /slʌb/ (adj) : Bị gút, kết gút Mock interview /mɒk/ (v, n) : Cuộc phỏng vấn thử
Staggered /ˈstæɡəd/ (adj) : Bị xiên, không thẳng Personal details /ˈpɜːsənəlˈdiːteɪlz/ (n): Thông tin cá nhân
Stain /steɪn/ (adj) : Nhiễm bẩn Personality /pə:sə'næləti/ (n) : Cá tính
Stiffness /ˈstɪfnəs/ (n) : Độ cứng PhD (doctor) /ˈdɒktə/ (n) : Tiến sỹ
Strength /streŋθ/ (n) : Độ bền cơ học Profile /ˈprəʊfaɪl/ (n) : Sơ lược tiểu sử
Striped /straɪp/ (adj) : Bị sọc, kẻ sọc Qualifications /kwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃənz/ (n) : Bằng cấp
Stucked /stʌkid/ (adj) : Bị kẹt, bị tắc Referees /rɛfəˈriː/ (n) : Người xác nhận
Twisted /ˈtwɪstɪd/ (adj) : Bị vặn, bị xoắn Reference /ˈrɛfərəns/ (n) : Nơi xác nhận
Uneven /ʌnˈiːvən/ (adj) : Không đều Resume /rɪˈzjuːm/ (n) : Lý lịch trích ngang
Unsecured /ʌnsi´kjuəd/ (adj) : Không an toàn Skill /skil/ (n) : Kỹ năng
Varied /ˈveərɪd/ (adj) : Bị biến đổi Strengths /strɛŋθ/ (n) : Điểm mạnh
Wide /waɪd/ (adj) : Bị rộng Undergraduate /ʌndəˈgrædʒueɪt/ (n): Hệ đại học
Wrinkled /'riɳkld/ (adj) : Bị co, bị nhăn Weakness /ˈwiːknɪs/ (n) : Điểm yếu
Wrong /rɑːŋ/ (adj) : Bị sai Work experiences /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ (n): Kinh nghiệm làm việc
LESSON 11 - MERCHANDISING AND RETAILING LESSON 13 – BUSINESS LETTER AND EMAIL WRITING
Carrier /'kæriə/ (n) : Hãng vận chuyển Business letter /ˈbɪznɪs/ (n) : Thư thương mại
Certificate of origin (n) : Chứng nhận nguồn gốc Complimentary close (n) : Câu kết
Certification letter /sə:tifi´keiʃən/ (n): Thư xác nhận Cover letter (n) : Thư tự giới thiệu
Commercial invoice /ˈɪnvɔɪs/ (n) : Hóa đơn thương mại Email /ˈiːmeɪl/ (n) : Thư điện tử
Cost (n) : Chi phí Enclosure (Enc.) /ɪnˈkləʊʒə/ (n) : Phần đính kèm
Developed sample /dɪˈveləpt/ (n) : Mẫu phát triển Formal letter (n) : Thư trang trọng
Duty /'dju:ti/ (n) : Thuế Letter of acceptance (n) : Thư chấp nhập
Fit sample (n) : Mẫu kiểm (thông số) Letter of credit (L/C) (n) : Thư tín dụng
Freight /freit/ (n) : Cước phí Letter of declination (n) : Thư từ chối
GPT sample (n) : Mẫu thí nghiệm Letter of inquiry /ɪnˈkwaɪəri/ (n) : Thư ngỏ
Head merchandiser /hɛd/ (n) : QLĐH cấp trưởng Letter of recommendation (n) : Thư giới thiệu
Incoterms (n) : Điều khoản thương mại Salutation /ˌsæl.jʊˈteɪ.ʃən/ (n) : Lời chào
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NGUYEN TUAN ANH ENGLISH FOR GARMENT TECHNOLOGY AND FASHION

LESSON 1 INTRODUCTION TO FASHION........................................................ 2

2.5. Fashion cycles

2.6. Fashion styles

Bohemian Sophisticated Arty Western Chic Gothic

Traditional Classic Punk Exotic Tomboy Sexy

Flamboyant Preppy Glamorous Rocker Romantic Modern

2.8. Careers in fashion

Exercise 4: Complete the verbs in the bracket to correct their grammar

3. Stages in apparel industry

(5) Grading (6) Marker making (7) Spreading (8) Cutting

(9) Bundling (10) Sewing (11) Inspecting (12) Finishing

4.2. Functional departments

(1)…… putting on hangtags (4) …… bundling (7) …… packaging

Exercise 3: Choose the suitable jobs with the following descriptions

Exercise 5: Talk about apparel industry by answering the question below

Exercise 7: Correct the verbs in the bracket of the following sentences

Exercise 9: Fill the suitable words in the following paragraph

Men shirt Women shirt T-shirt, tees Polo-shirt

Blouse Blouson Suits Dress

Jacket Coat Pyjamas Sweater

Pullover Jumper Cardigan Tunics

Shorts Pants, trousers (UK) Jeans Skirt

Bloomers Diaper Bikini Vest

Gown Apron Tank top Tube top

Lingerie (women’s underwear, underthings)

Panties, knickers Bra, chemise Camisole Corset, bodice

3.1. Footwear (shoes)

Oxford Loafer Debbie Wingtip

Monk strap Boat Brogue Saddle

Chelsea Desert Jodhpur Plain toe

Clogs (hard sole)

Sneakers (soft sole)

Pumps (high heel)

Flats (low heel)

3.2. Handbags (purse or pouch)

Baguette Barrel Bowling Bucket Clutch

Doctor’s Drawstring Half-moon Hobo Kiondo

Lighted Messenger Minaudière Muff Pouch

Saddle Satchel Tote Trapezoid Wristlet

Earrings Bracelets Necklace Ring Anklet

Socks Stockings Pantyhose Handkerchief Gloves

Fingerless gloves Mitten Muff Ear muff Umbrella

Cap Hat Bonnet Hijab Turban

Bow Scarf Watch Belt Tie

Canes Glasses Wallet Hand fans Backpack

Exercise 3: Fill the suitable verbs in the blanks

Cotton Flax Ramie Jute

Hemp Coir Kapok Bamboo

Sheep Silkworm Rabbit Goat

Nitrocellulose Viscose Lyocell Cuproamonium

Casein Zein Soybean

Polyamide (PA) Polyester (PES) Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene (PP)

Polyurethane (PU) Acrylic (PAN) Polyimide (PI) Aramid (AR)

Carbon (CF) Ceramic (CEF) Glass (GF) Metal (MTF)

(b) Based on the characteristics

Spun Corespun Monofilament Smooth multifilament Textured filament

4.3. Manufacturing methods of fabrics

Jersey Jersey is a knit fabric used predominantly for clothing Dresses,

Organza Organza is a thin, plain weave, sheer fabric Bridalwear,

Satin Shinny one-sided surface. Comes in lightweight to Jackets, shorts,

Taffeta Taffeta is a crisp, smooth, plain woven fabric made