Highway

Chapter 6

1. Drainage Is defined as the means of collecting, transporting and disposing of surface water
originating in or near the right of way or flowing in stream crossings or bordering the right of
way
2. Surface Drainage Is only one among the many problems to be considered in establishing the
location and construction of loads
3. Surface drainage problems follow three basic considerations
1. Hydraulic Design
2. Hydraulic Design
3. Erosion Control
4. Hydraulic Design Deals with estimating the highest rate of run-off to be handled.
5. Hydraulic Design Deals with the selection of the kinds and sizes of the drainage facilities that is
most economical to accommodate the estimated water flow
6. Erosion Control is to ascertain the design will not create erosion or other unacceptable
environmental conditions
7. Hydrology Is that branch of physical geography that deals with water of the earth
8. Runoff is predicted based on the following method: 5
1. Rational Method
2. Empirical Formula
3. Unit Hydrograph
4. Statistical Approach
5. Simulation
9. Erosion Creates debris that are carried downstream, and deposited at points where the velocity
slackens
10. The purpose of designing a Channel is to determine the cross section of the canal that will
accommodate water flow smoothly and cheapest to construct and maintain
11. Water flowing down a mild slope is an open canal is in Sub critical flow
12. Water flowing on steep slope is in Super critical flow
13. Sub critical flow exist when the depth of water in the channel is greater than the critical depth
14. Super critical flow exist when the depth is less than the critical level
15. Critical Depth Occurs when the velocity head is one half the average depth
16. Average depth or Mean Depth is the cross sectional area of the flow divided by its width at the
liquid surface
17. Culvert is loaded vertically by the wheel load of vehicles
18. L Type type headwall creates serious accident hazard, thus gutter inlet with grate cover is
recommended
19. Wing type wall recommended for large culvert
20. Backfilling Follows after the laying installation of conduit pipes
21. Conduits Laid on bedding or footing
22. Rigid conduit pipe are the bell and spigot type, tongue and groove or other types
23. Problems usually encountered in the design and construction of roadways are: 5
1. The stability of fill sand slope
2. The drainage
3. Capillarity and frost heave
4. Permafrost
5. Elasticity and rutting
24. Capillarity Is the tendency of water to seeks its own level if an open channel flows through the
pores and fine channels of the soil
25. Elasticity Common in soils whose fines consist mainly of flat and flaky particles.
26. Slide refers to the occurrence where the moving mass is defined and separated from the
underlying and adjacent earth by plane
27. Slide is classified into four: (4)
1. Rotational Slide
2. Translational Slide
3. Block or wedge failure
4. Flows and spread failure
28. Rotational slide Associated with natural slope and constructed embankment of homogenous
materials processing cohesion
29. Block or wedge failure Refers to the displacement of an intact mass of soil due to the action of
an adjacent zone of earth
30. Translational slide Associated with slope of layered materials where the mechanism of slippage
occurs along a weak plane that possesses a downward dip and in cohesion less soil slopes where
seepage occurs
31. Flows and spread failure Most type of complex type movement
32. Spread Refers to the occurrence of multi directional lateral movement by fractured soil mass
33. Straight Sections used where tension valve of interlock is cellular construction
34. Z Sections of high ratio beam strength to weight means maximum economy in steel sheet piling
35. Archweb Sections Design for applications where a combination of beam strength and interlock
tightness is required
36. Class A Stone ranging from 15 to 25 kg with at least 50% of stones weighing more than 20 kg
37. Class B Stone ranging from 30 to 70 kg with at least 50% of stones weighing more than 50 kg
38. Class C Stone ranging from 60 to 100kg with at least 50% of stones weighing more than 80 kg
39. Class D Stone ranging from 100 to 200 kg with at least 50% of stones weighing more than 150 kg
40. Cement grout Placed starting from the bottom to the top of the surface and then swept with
stiff broom
41. Timber sheet pile May consist of any species that will satisfactory stand driving
42. Concrete Sheet Piles. Concrete reinforcement and manufacture of concrete sheet piles should
conform to the requirement of piling
43. Steel Sheet Piles Should be of the type weight and section modulus indicated on the plans or
special provisions and confirm to the requirements of piling
44. Gabion Wire mish supplied in various width and length that in multiple of 2 3 of 4 times its
width
45. Highway bridges are of two types: 2
1. Those that carry vehicular traffics and pedestrians over a large streams
2. Those that separate traffic movement as interchanges and street pedestrians over or under
crossings.
46. The weight and dynamic effect of moving load is called Live load
47. The weight of the structure itself is called Dead load
48. The centrifugal force developed by moving vehicles on curved structure
49. The wind load and the stresses brought about by:
1. Temperature Change 5. Rib shortening
2. Earth 6. Erection
3. Shrinkage 7. Current Pressure
4. Buoyancy 8. Earthquake
50. Bridge Type includes:
-Slab, girder, truss, arch and cable stayed

Chapter 8

1. Combination of limestone, marl or other calcareous material and clay shale or like argillaceous
substances.
2. This type is for general concrete constructing expose to moderate action where moderate heat
of hydration is required.
3. For low heat of hydration
4. High sulfate resistance
5. High strength concrete
6. For general concrete construction when specified properties of the four types are not required
7. Portland cement constitute the following chemicals: 4
8. ______ cracks on the concrete pavement cannot be avoided
9. ______ of concrete pavement is due to brought about by load moisture temperature
10. Distress concrete is generally group into the following
11. Vertical displacement of concrete slab at join of cracks.
12. ______ due to failure of weakness of concrete joints
13. Result of pumping tremendous force or develop under pavement
14. Cause of faulting(2)
15. Can take many forms in concrete pavement that could be the result from applied load
temperature and moisture changes.
16. Cracks associated to concrete excessive corner deflection
17. Cracks associated with mixture or temperature stresses or poor construction method
18. Appears in the form of durability cracking, scaling or spalling
19. Result from freezing-thaw action
20. A network of shallow fine hairline cracks which extends through the upper surface of concrete
21. Breaking or chipping of joint edges
22. Joints provide space allowance for the lengthening of slab due to expansion
23. Joints are provided between adjacent traffic lanes
24. If concrete pouring will be interrupted for quite some time that cold joint will be inevitable, the
practice is to provide a ______ joints
25. If the _____ is replaces to construction joints the use of dowels is the alternative
26. Holds the fractured faces in rigid contact preserving the aggregate interlock and the intrusion of
dirt or water
27. ________ is the ejection of water on the subgrade soil through the joints and cracks along the
edge of the concrete pavement
28. A substance added in mixing to change the characteristic of concrete mixture
29. Varieties of admixture (5)
30. Entrapment of air on the concrete mixture in the form of evenly distributed small bubbles
31. The effectiveness of the air entrainment is to increase the concrete durability(3)
32. _____ concrete could be used alone or in combination with Portland cement to bind aggregate
together producing concrete
33. Classification of polymer mixture: 3
34. Pre mixture of cement paste and aggregate wherein a monometer is mixed before curing
35. Mixture of polymer binder and aggregate
36. Portland cement concrete impregnated with manometer after curing
37. The person performing the patching or mixing operation capable of accurately conducting
aggregate surface moisture determination and establishing correct scale weight for concrete
materials
38. The person responsible for concrete production control sampling and testing for quality control
39. The ________ and tools necessary for handling materials and performing all phase of work shall
be approved by the supervising engineer.
40. ______ mixers to be used for mixing and hauling concrete
41. _______ saw should be water-cooled diamond edge saw blade or an abrasive wheel conforming
to the required dimensions and rate of speeds
42. ______ should be made of an approved steel section with a depth equal to the thickness of the
pavement at the edge
43. ________ joints are constructed according to the type dimensions and at the locations indicated
on plans or special provisions
44. Concrete pavement joints are classified into : 5
45. _______ is installed by depressing an approved tool or device into the plastic concrete
46. ________ is installing as parting strip to be left in place as specified
47. _______ is made by sawing groove in the surface of the pavement
48. _______ is done as soon as the concrete hardened sufficiently to permit sawing without
excessive raveling and time is usually within 24 hours
49. _______ transfer device is to provide along the longitudinal centerline of the pavement either
by tongue and groove concrete
50. _________the concrete is distributed and spread as soon as placed
51. If the surface is _______-finished, it should be applied when the water sheen has practically
disappeared
52. If the surface is ______-finished after straight edging and the water sheen has practically
disappeared and just before the concrete becomes non plastic
53. Is the surface is _______-finished, which consist of a seamless strip of damp burlap
Chapter 9

1. Highway Maintenance begins just after the construction, reconstruction or rehabilitation of

roadway facilities
2. Maintenance is categorized into: 4
1. Road Surface Maintenance
2. Shoulder and Approach Maintenance
3. Bridge Maintenance
4. Traffic Services
3. Road surface maintenance operation requires: 4
1. Gravel Roads
2. Surface Treatment
3. Slick Asphalt Surface
4. Concrete Road
4. Blading and reshaping or resurfacing is a routine periodic maintenance activity
-Gravel Roads
5. Surface Treatment of low type bituminous pavement, maintenance could be patching, seal
coating, remixing and relaying
6. Roughening, burning or non-skid seal is required
-Slick Asphalt Surface
7. Maintenance could be removal and replacement or filling of damaged areas
-Concrete Road
8. The ingenious machine used for roadside maintenance
1. Mechanical sod cutter
2. Combined seed and fertilizer spreader
3. Powder mowers
4. Portable grass cuttr
5. Bush mower
6. Bush chopper
9. Pavement Rehabilitation is an activity primarily to provide good riding and skid resistance or to
improve the structural effectiveness of the pavement

10. The efficiency of the highway system could be rated by: 5

1. Sufficiency Rating
2. Accident data
3. Skid Tests
4. Maintenance report
5. Public comments and suggestions
11. Resurfacing Is the addiction of pavement layer over the existing roadway or bridge deck surface
to provide additional capacity
12. Pavement Maintenance refers to actions that are corrective or preventive
13. Reconstruction refers to the removal of existing pavement and replacing them with a new
pavement and under course
14. Overlays could be either by Portland cement or asphalt concrete laid on an existing pavement
15. Recycling means the repeated use of existing materials working on asphalt Portland cement or
lime
16. Pavement recycling categorized into: 3
1. Type of material to be used
2. Procedure to be employed
3. Structural benefit to be gained
17. Surface Roughness Is defined as the irregularities in the pavement surface that adversely affect
the riding quality
18. Surface Distress is defined as any indication of unfavorable pavement performance or sign of
impending failure, or any unsatisfactory performance is a sort of failure
19. Fracture associated with load and non load cracking
20. Distortion is a permanent deformation of faulting
21. Disintegration such as spalling, raveling and other failure of the pavement
22. Mud jacking is a maintenance method adopted to restore the subgrade support under pumping
pavement and to level uneven slabs
23. Under Sealing is an alternative for mud jacking
24. Highway Beautification is a broad term that includes activities like landscaping and roadside
development, improvement of strips and land adjacent to the highway and acquisition and
development of area
25. Factors that contribute to beatification: 4
1. Good Location
2. Good Design
3. Construction
4. Maintenance
26. The main objection of community complaint on environment effects of transportation are as
follows: 4
1. Air and Noise Problem
2. Traffic Induced Vibration
3. Accidents
4. Annoyance caused by water pollution, dust, and dirt

27. How to control air pollution: 4

1. Land Use Control
2. Lower the emission
3. Modification of fixed existing facilities
4. Lowering pollution coming from motor vehicles
28. Noise is defined as unwanted sound
29. Ground Cover Is defined as low growing herbaceous or woody plants more than one meter at
maturity
 30. Parking turnout to accommodate stopping off the traveled way is an important adjunction to
major rural highways

Chapter 10_Traffic Engineering

1. Uniformity Includes the prohibition to use an official signs and markings

2. Homogeneity Requires that in the same conditions, the user notices the signs and markings
3. Simplicity is to avoid superabundance of signs that over strains the drivers having the tendency
to neglect the given instruction
4. Road sign has the following objectives: 4
1. To lead to a safest road traffic
2. To facilitate this traffic
3. To indicate or to remind some particular traffic rules
4. To inform the drivers how to use the highway
5. The different categories of signaling devices: 4
1. Road traffic signs
2. Road traffic signals
3. Pavement markings
4. Guide posts and delineators
6. Road signs are classified into the following categories: 9
1. Danger warning signs
2. Intersection signs
3. Prescription signs
a) prohibitive
b) Obligation
4. General Information Signs
5. Direction signs
6. Agglomeration signs
7. Railway Crossing signs
8. Temporary signs (on road works)
9. Special Instruction signs
7. Signaling whether horizontal or vertically installed has the following objectives: 4
1. To inform
2. To prevent
3. To guide
4. Act as liaison agents between the driver and the highway alignment
8. Visibility and legibility of road signs or the pavement markings are dependent on 3 parameters:3
1. The detection
2. The identification
3. The reading
9. Detection is the minimum area in contrast with the environment perceptibility by human eye
10. Identification is an analysis of the form or color of the road signs to understand the messages it
conveys
11. Reading is the fundamental role of road signs conforming to alpha numerical language
12. Basic principle of road signs: 3
1. Valorization
2. Concentration
3. Legibility
13. Valorization Principle Means to used only the needed and useful signs
14. Concentration Principle. When it is necessary that some roadsides must be seen at the same
time
15. Legibility Principle. Excessive efforts of reading or memory work cannot be required from the
driver
16. Warning sign Used to warn traffic or potentially hazardous condition on or adjacent to the
roadway
17. The yellow color reserve only for temporary signal used during road construction or
maintenance work
18. Stop sign Control the vehicle speed in residential areas are useless for being in effective
19. General Rule When the vehicles approaches an intersection from different roads, the driver on
the left should yield at the right of way to the vehicle on the right
20. Priority Road Any vehicles running on this type of road has always the right of way against the
vehicle coming from the right or from the left except as otherwise provided
21. Non- Priority RoadThe driver of any vehicle entering a highway from private road shall yield the
right of way to all vehicles approaching
22. Stop Sign use to ensure caution before entering an intersection
23. The Give Way sign notifies the obligation of the driver to give way to all vehicles coming from
the right or left without the obligation to stop
24. Prescription signs is classified into 3 categories: 3
1. Prohibitive Sign
2. Obligation Sign
3. End of Prescription sign
25. The Prohibitive Signs Have white background, red ring and prohibitive red bar, symbols and
letters. Numbers are dark blue
26. No Entry sign has only white border
27. Direction signs divided into 4 categories: 4
1. Advance direction sign
2. Intersection direction sign
3. Reassurance of confirmatory sign
4. Entering and exit of urban areas
28. Informative signs that the objective is to give the drivers miscellaneous information useful in his
driving and general knowledge
29. _______ signals defined as all power operated traffic control devices, except flashers, sign and
markings
30. Traffic signals are classified into: 2
31. Where time intervals are controlled as whole or part in traffic demands
32. Where traffic time intervals are divided to the various traffic movements
33. Four systems of coordination are: 4
34. ________makes all color indication along the street alike at the same time
35. ________ all signals changes their indication at the same time
36. ________ retains a common cycle length separate “GO”
37. ________ provided master control that commands the controller for the individual signals
38. Pavement markings was introduced to delineate: 12
39. White is used where vehicles may cross the markings like : 8
40. _______ lines delineates the separation of traffic flows like center line of two highways
41. _______ lines for directional lines such as center strips on two lane highways and lane lines
42. Are set to guide the drivers and to pinpoint a particular of linear danger
43. Six types of guideposts or beacons: 6
44. ________ light reflecting device mounted on posts at side of the roadway in series to guide the
driver
45. ______ sometimes called “jiggle bars”
46. ______ installed across the roadway to alert the motorist as they approach a dangerous
situation like stop signs
47. ______ generally designed to prevent a car from leaving the highway
48. Basic consideration in planning arterial roads: 4
49. Those where traffic moves in one direction only
50. _______ sign could be a compromise between the full stop and no control