MODULE 1 – PART 2

GANTT’S APPROACH, CHARTS, MERITS AND DEMERITS

 BASIC QUESTIONS TO ANSWER WHEN
PLANNING A PROJECT:

§ HOW SHOULD THE WORK BE

PLANNING AND ACCOMPLISHED?
PROGRAMMING § WHAT RESOURCES WILL BE NEEDED?
§ HOW LONG WILL IT TAKE?
§ HOW MUCH WILL IT COST?
 § Define the work to be performed (eg.
List of works)
§ Develop a realistic schedule based on
cost estimation and resources available.
§ Streamline the schedule to achieve
PROJECT STAGES maximum efficiency.

§ Identify problem areas and make

adjustments to the schedule
accordingly (eg: delay in material
gathering, financial tie-ups, approval
delays).
Image courtesy: HMH architecture + interiors, Boulder CO
 BAR CHARTS AND MILESTONE
CHARTS
§ Introduced by HENRY GANTT (1900 AD)
§ Project broken down into manageable units and
represented in 2D bar graphs, later gave way to
Milestone Charts.
§ Bar – represents ACTIVITIES. Milestone –
represents EVENTS. (in detail later)

TECHNIQUES OF
PROJECT
MANAGEMENTS NETWORK DIAGRAMS

§ Milestone charts gave way to network diagrams.

§ Breakthrough in management science.
§ The characteristics of the steps, their definition
are all well laid out.
§ Eg. PERT, CPM. We will learn more about network
diagrams in the next chapter.
BAR CHARTS
 § A PROJECT CONSISTS OF SMALLER,
MANAGEABLE TASKS.
§ THESE TASKS ARE PERFORMED IN A
SEQUENTIAL MANNER ACCORDING
TO A SET PLAN AND SCHEDULE.

INTRO § BAR CHART WAS THE EARLIEST TOOL

CREATED TO MANAGE THESE TASKS.
§ IT WAS INTRODUCED BY HENRY
GANTT IN 1900 AD.
§ STILL USED FOR SMALL TO MID RANGE
PROJECTS.
 § CONSITS OF TWO AXES – HORIZONTAL REPRESENTING TIME AND VERTICAL
REPRESENTING THE ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED.
§ EACH BAR REPRESENTS AN ACTIVITY OF THE PROJECT.
B § BEGINNING AND END OF EACH BAR REPRESENT THE TIME ALLOTED FOR
THIS TASK.
A
R

C
H
A
R
T

Image courtesy: Project planning and control by Punmia and Khandelwal

 § P AND Q START TOGETHER, Q ENDS BEFORE P
§ R STARTS ONLY AFTER Q ENDS
§ P AND S END SIMULTANEOUSLY
B § T STARTS AFTER S AND ENDS WITH R … SO ON AND SO FORTH
A
R

C
H
A
R
T

Image courtesy: Project planning and control by Punmia and Khandelwal

 BAR CHART – what goes into making one?

BREAK
DECIDE ASSIGN REPRESENT
DOWN

breaking the developing Assigning time Converting the

puzzle into methodology, for each task – info into
pieces sequencing cumulative simple Gantt’s
tasks time is the full bar chart.
duration
Example of Gantt’s Bar Chart

Source: https://www.projectengineer.net/3-simple-gantt-chart-examples/
 § LACK OF DETAIL
§ AN ENTIRE PROJECT CANNOT BE
CONDENSED INTO A FEW BARS ON A
GRAPH.
§ TOO MUCH DETAIL MAKES THE CHART
DEMERITS OF CLUMSY.

BAR CHART § SUB ACTIVITIES NOT SHOWN.

§ EFFECTIVE CONTROL IS THEREFORE
NOT ACHIEVED.

§ EXAMPLE – CHAPTER 2, PG. 20, FIG 2.6,

2.7
 § PROGRESS CANNOT BE CHECKED
§ CANNOT BE USED AS A CONTROL
DEVICE BY EXECUTIONERS.
§ RESCHEDULING DUE TO ANY DELAYS
CANNOT BE ACCOMODATED, BECAUSE
DEMERITS OF PROGRESS IS UNCHECKED.

BAR CHART § PROGRESS CAN BE MARKED MANUALLY

BY HATCHING THE BARS – NOT VERY
SPECIFIC. DIFFERENT COLOUR FOR
DIFFERENT INFORMATION.

§ EXAMPLE – CHAPTER 2, PG. 20, FIG 2.8

 § ACTIVITY INTER-RELATIONSHIPS ARE
NOT CONSIDERED
§ MULTIPLE ACTIVITIES THAT HAPPEN
EITHER SIMULTANEOUSLY, OR

DEMERITS OF SEQUENCIALLY. THIS IS DEPICTED BY

BARS.
BAR CHART § DOES NOT TELL US HOW THE PROGRESS
OF ONE ACTIVITY AFFECTS THE
OTHERS, OR TO WHAT DEGREE.

§ EXAMPLE – CHAPTER 2, PG. 20, FIG 2.9

 § TIME UNCERTAINITIES
§ USELESS WHEN THERE IS
UNCERTAINITY IN TERMS OF TIME
SCHEDULE.
§ RESEARCH PROJECTS, SPACE PROJECTS
DEMERITS OF ETC.

BAR CHART § CONSTANT RESCHEDULING CANNOT

BE ACCOMMODATED.
§ THEREFORE, ONLY SMALL SIZED
CONVENTIONAL PROJECTS CAN BE
REPRESENTED IN TERMS OF BAR
CHARTS.
MILESTONE CHARTS
 § MODIFICATION OF THE ORIGINAL
GANTT’S CHART.
§ INSTEAD OF ACTIVITIES, THE PROJECT
IS REPRESENTED IN TERMS OF
INTRO “MILESTONES”.
§ THESE ARE CERTAIN TIME POINTS
WHICH MARK THE COMPLETION OF A
PART OF THE MAIN ACTIVITY.
 § THE ACTIVITIES FROM A BAR CHART
ARE BROKEN DOWN FURTHER INTO
SUB CATEGORIES AND EACH GIVEN
REPRESENTATION ON THE GRAPH.
§ INTER-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS CAN
INTRO BE ESTABLISHED EASILY.
§ THE BEGINNING AND END OF THE SUB
ACTIVITIES ARE CALLED AS
MILESTONES.
Image courtesy: Project planning and control by Punmia and Khandelwal
Example of Milestone Chart

Source: https://www.apptivo.com/blog/how-do-i-set-up-a-simple-app-to-manage-construction-projects/
END OF MODULE 1, PART 2