Social Philosophy of Education

(Handout)

Submitted by:

MA. CRISTINA C. COLADA (Ph.D. English)

Submitted to:

DR. CAEZAR D. PAMIN

Social Philosophy of Education

An individual is born in the society and thereafter interacts with the society
throughout his life. Society is a group of individuals united together with a definite
end in view. Society is a web social relationship. It shows that people connect to each
other and intercommunicate with each other.
 Social philosophy involves thoughtful consideration of human society. It gives
insight into the actual activities of human beings in the society. A Social Philosopher tries to
study society from philosophical point of view and tries to find out the link between human
society and the basic nature of reality.

Philosophy of education is the branch of applied or practical philosophy concerned

with the nature and aims of education and the philosophical problems arising from
educational theory and practice. The application of this philosophy is imbued to DEPED
Vision and Mission.

The DepEd Vision

We dream of Filipinos
who passionately love their country
and whose competencies and values
enable them to realize their full potential
and contribute meaningfully to building the nation.

We are learner-centered public institution,

the Department of Education
continuously improves itself
to better serve its stakeholders.

Education is becoming one of the most important factors to a person’s success

in the society.
According to Plato, “the direction in which education starts a man will
determine his future in life.”
Education creates hope for the future. Giving people the hope and
determination that they can improve their lot in life is one of the more powerful
effects education has on a society.

“We dream of Filipinos

who passionately love their country
and whose values and competencies
enable them to realize their full potential
and contribute meaningfully to building the nation.”

According to Mackenzie, ‘Social Philosophy seeks to explain the nature of

society in the light of the principle of ‘social solidarity’.
Social Philosophy aims at interpretation of society with reference to the norm
of ‘SOCIAL UNITY’.
Producing students who will love the country and skilled enough to contribute to
the progress of the country. As teacher, we strive to make learners prepared and
competent enough to face reality..

As a learner-centered public institution,

the Department of Education
continuously improves itself
to better serve its stakeholders.

Society is a group of individuals united together with a definite end in view.

For Bertrand Russell, ‘Social Philosophy seeks the conditions in which all the
constructive tendencies of man (such as love and sympathy) Education can provide
maximum possible opportunities to produce the people who can save and improve
the world.

We, teachers, aspire to holistically develop learners who are ready for life. Learners
who are skill with right values and competencies that they can use as they go along with
their day to day lives.
The DEPED Mission

To protect and promote the right of every Filipino to quality, equitable, culture-
based, and complete basic education where:

Students learn in a child-friendly, gender-sensitive, safe, and motivating

environment

Teachers facilitate learning and constantly nurture every learner

Administrators and staff, as stewards of the institution, ensure an enabling and

supportive environment for effective learning to happen

Family, community, and other stakeholders are actively engaged and share
responsibility for developing life-long learners

Philippine education is strongly viewed as a pillar of national development and a

primary avenue for social and economic mobility.
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To protect and promote the right of every Filipino to quality education.

The Filipino people have deep concern for education because it occupies a central
place in social life in the Philippines. The government allocates a high budget every year for
Philippine education and guarantees that every Filipino has the right to quality education.

The circumstances and disadvantages children inherit at birth and early childhood
have a very strong impact on basic education. Substantial gaps already exist at the
beginning. Not addressing these gaps only leads to a further widening, for education is
cumulative. Thus, without paying attention to existing inequalities in the real world, an
educational system can in fact exacerbate and not ameliorate the situation.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
equitable education

Every school should have a full, balanced, and rich curriculum, including the arts,
science, history, literature, civics, geography, foreign languages, mathematics, and physical
education to every learner, despite the age and circumstance.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEM AND THE

ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM (ALS) NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

• Formal Education system is classroom-based, managed by trained formal school

teachers.

• ALS Non-formal Education happens outside the classroom, community-based,

usually conducted at community learning centers, barangay multi-purpose hall,
libraries or at home, managed by ALS learning facilitators, such as mobile teachers,
district ALS Coordinators, instructional managers at an agreed schedule and venue
between the learners and facilitators.

FORMAL EDUCATION

Education in the Philippines is offered through formal and non-formal

systems. Formal education (K-12 curriculum) typically spans 14 years and is structured in
a 7+6+4 system: 7 years of primary school education with kindergarten, 6 years of
secondary school education (4-JHS and 2-SHS) , and 4 years of higher education, leading to
a bachelor’s degree.
Basic Education (Formal) Program is encouraged to all, but not compulsory.

ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM (ALS) NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

Alternative Learning System (ALS), implemented by DEPED, benefits those who

cannot afford formal schooling and follows whatever is their available schedule, and the
likes.

Alternative Learning System (ALS), implemented by DEPED, benefits those who

cannot afford formal schooling and follows whatever is their available schedule, and the
likes. It is a viable alternative to existing formal education instruction, encompassing both
non-formal and informal sources of knowledge and skills. An informal and non-formal
delivery of basic education.

It is a viable alternative to existing formal education instruction, encompassing both

non-formal and informal sources of knowledge and skills. An informal and non-formal
delivery of basic education.

As stated in the ALS mission, it is an instrument to uphold learner’s aspiration for

further learning and meaningful participation in the community and society as a whole.

TARGET LEARNERS

• Elementary and secondary school dropouts

• youth and adults although in-school but over aged for Grade 6 and 4th year or SHS
• Unemployed/underemployed out-of-school youth and adults
 • industry-based workers, housewives, maids, factory workers, drivers
• members of cultural minorities, indigenous people
• persons with disabilities/physically challenged
• inmates, rebel/soldiers integrees

PASSERS OF ALS PROGRAM can:

 enter college/university
 enter other non formal training programs
 enter formal training program
 enter/reenter elementary or secondary school formal program
 learn essential life skills to participate more fully and actively in the political, social,
and economic lives in the community.

EDUCATION FOR ALL (EFA)

Also, Education for all (EFA) ensures that all children by 2015 in difficult
circumstances and those who belong to ethnic minorities, have access to, and complete,
free and compulsory primary education of good quality.

K-12 Curriculum

Education should cater the needs of every Filipino learners and continue to reach
out especially to far flung areas and peripheries. DEPEd and national, local government
made ways and means to give equitable education.

The circumstances and disadvantages children inherit at birth and early childhood
have a very strong impact on basic education. Substantial gaps already exist at the
beginning. Not addressing these gaps only leads to a further widening, for education is
cumulative. Thus, without paying attention to existing inequalities in the real world, an
educational system can in fact exacerbate and not ameliorate the situation.

GOALS OF EFA (for FORMAL and NON-FORMAL Education)

ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM OR ALS

 It is a parallel learning system in the Philippines that provides a practical option to
the existing formal instruction. When one does not have or cannot access formal education
in schools, ALS is an alternate or substitute.

ALS includes both the non-formal and informal sources of knowledge and skills.

WHY IS THERE A NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES?

• Many Filipinos do not have a chance to attend and finish formal basic education
(Grades 1-6 and Year 1-4) due to many reasons.

• Some drop out from schools while some do not have schools in their communities.

• Since every Filipino has a right to free basic education, the Government establishes
ALS to provide all Filipinos the chance to have access to and complete basic
education in a mode that fits their distinct situations and needs.

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culture-based education,

Culture plays a noteworthy role in learning-teaching process and serves as the

origins of the teacher’s innovation and creativity in teaching methodologies and
approaches.

Values, norms, beliefs, practices, and experiences are the foundation of culture.

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complete basic education
 The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six
years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior
High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop
lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills
development, employment, and entrepreneurship.

A voucher is only given to incoming SHS students who wish to study in private
school offering SHS. While incoming JHS students who wish to go to private high school will
be given a slot and be considered as ESC grantee. A private school granted a certain
percentage of PAFTE, an association of private schools provide only a certain number of
slot where a certain number of JHS students will only be accommodated.
 K-12 Program provides additional two (2) years as basic educational program. It
pioneered on 2016 where thousands of teaching positions became available. One of my co-
teachers who had worked from private college, Maria Teresa M. Ramiro (43 years old),
applied for SHS and luckily qualified.

“I have taught SocSci in JHS and college department for 10 years receiving only 10,000
as monthly salary. I decided to transfer to DEPEd school kasi paunti na ng paunti ang
enrollees namen,” she replied when I asked her.
 SHS Voucher Program is not applicable to students who wish to stay/study in any
public schools. There are 2,847 private schools cleared to offer Senior High School as of
June 22, 2015. But a growing number of private schools, colleges and universities are
experiencing a decline in their enrollment and “facing the threat of closure” due to the
implementation of the Free Education, a national association of Catholic educational
institutions said.

Miscellaneous fees are not included in the SHS voucher and only the allotted
budget will be given to learner who wants to study in private school for SHS. Other
students, after a year in private school returns to public school because of hidden charges
and “top up” from the total school fees to be paid.

For example, a private school has total school fee of 25, 000 with offered voucher of
17,500 then student still needs to pay the remaining fee of 7,500. Other transportation
expenses and school uniforms are not included.

SHS Voucher Program is not applicable to students who wish to stay/study in any
public schools.

What is the difference of the Old Curriculum to K-12 Education?

Why are we now implementing 13 years of basic education?

The Philippines is the last country in Asia and one of only three countries worldwide
with a 10-year pre-university cycle (Angola and Djibouti are the other two).

A 13-year program is found to be the best period for learning under basic education.
It is also the recognized standard for students and professionals globally.

SHS Voucher Program is not applicable to students who wish to stay/study in any public
schools.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Students learn in a
child-friendly, gender-sensitive, safe, and motivating environment

 School respects the right of the learners completely, guided by the Child
Protection Policy.

 Learner enjoys freedom of expression.

 Learner gets care and protection.

 Learners and teachers are in good friendship.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Students learn in
gender-sensitive,

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Students learn in a
safe, and motivating environment
 Creating a classroom that is organized and that is characterized by mutual respect
makes it a lot easier to teach effectively, and one of the most important things teachers can
do to promote learning is to create classroom environments where students feel safe. If
you’re using interactive approaches such as small groups and cooperative learning, it’s
especially important to create a classroom where students feel safe asking questions and
contributing to discussions.

Students need to feel safe in order to learn. They need to feel secure in order to want
to participate. There are a number of things teachers can do to set up classrooms that feel
safe and well-organized.

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Teachers facilitate learning and constantly nurture every learner

Understanding how to facilitate learning can have a major impact on creating

successful learning outcomes for your students.
 There are countless ways for an instructor to facilitate learning among their
students, even in a virtual classroom environment. But the term "facilitated learning" has
taken on a philosophy all its own.
Facilitated student learning is not only a set of tools and strategies. It is also a way
that teachers are encouraging students to learn and absorb information in a way that is
meaningful and relevant to them.
Facilitated learning replaces rote memorization with critical thinking,
comprehensive understanding, imaginative learning, and the appreciation for subtlety.
Facilitated learning is predicated on the idea that students will perform better in a
learning environment when they are empowered to make their own decisions, respected as
individuals, and trusted with personal responsibility.
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Administrators and staff, as stewards of the institution, ensure an enabling and

supportive environment for effective learning to happen

Bolin (1989) states that “teacher empowerment is defined as investing teachers

with the right to participate in the determination of school goals and policies and to
exercise professional judgment about what and how to teach”
 Administrators including school heads intensify and support academic growth of
staffs especially teachers during class observations, meetings, seminars, trainings, graduate
studies.

Administrators must be active in providing experiences for all teachers to grow as

leaders. In today’s economy and with limited funds available to provide teachers with
professional development, administrators must be creative and open to numerous
options for individual and school growth. This growth is enhanced by empowered teachers,
who are committed to the overall success of the school’s mission, have increased
productivity in and out of the classroom, and an increase in the teachers disposition.

Dayap NIHS as gender-sensitive school.

We respect diversity and preferences for harmonious relationship.
We work as one for our learners and community welfare.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Family, community, and other stakeholders are actively engaged and share
responsibility for developing life-long learners

Schools, parents, and the community should work together to promote the health,
well being, and learning of all students. When schools actively involve parents and engage
community resources they are able to respond more effectively to the health-related needs
of students.

Family and community involvements foster partnerships among schools, family and
community groups, and individuals. These partnerships result in sharing and maximizing
resources. And they help children and youth develop healthy behaviors and promote
healthy families.

Research shows that students whose parents are involved in their education are more
likely to:

 Adapt well to school

 Attend school more regularly
 Complete homework more consistently
 Earn higher grades and test scores
 Graduate and go on to college
 Have better social skills
 Show improved behavior
 Have better relationships with their parents
 Have higher self-esteem

Additionally, linking community activities to the classroom

 Improves school-related behaviors

 Positively impacts academic achievement
 Reduces school suspension rates

Social Philosophy defines the relations between man and man; between man and
social groups. It seeks the order and harmony in a social group and also among different
groups or institutions. The insight into social ideals helps to cultivate the virtues of good
and responsible citizens. Social Philosophy aims at social unity without external coercion. It
aims at social solidarity through the cultivation of virtues i.e. through inner control. The
key concept of Social Philosophy is ‘knowledge of social ideals in the social relationships’.

REFERENCES:
https://www.google.com/search?q=impact+of+free+tuition+to+private+school+in+the+ph
ilippines&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjF_eS4uZvkAhWTd94KHd9YBow
Q_AUIEigC&biw=1366&bih=662

https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/08/20/free-higher-education-killing-private-schools-
slowly-ceap/

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/k-12/

https://www.studycountry.com/guide/PH-education.htm

https://www.deped.gov.ph/k-to-12/about/k-to-12-basic-education-curriculum/

https://www.google.com.ph/search?hl=en&biw=1366&bih=662&ei=_AhhXev3AtPrwQOgs
5mIBw&q=formal+education+in+the+philippines&oq=formal+education+in+the+philippin
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anpvkAhXTdXAKHaBZBnEQ4dUDCAo&uact=5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Learning_System_(Philippines)]

https://www.deped.gov.ph/k-to-12/inclusive-education/about-alternative-learning-
system/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=alternative+learning+system+in+the+philippines&
hl=en&biw=1366&bih=662&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=ytZ-
7VaVk1tw9M%253A%252C9neaTOomvq05sM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
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https://www.google.com/search?q=education+for+all+in+the+philippines&biw=1366&bi
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 Advanced Philosophical Foundation

in Education

Submitted by:

MA. CRISTINA C. COLADA (Ph.D. English)

Submitted to:

DR. CAEZAR D. PAMIN

MA. CRISTINA C. COLADA

August 18, 2019
Submitted to : DR. CAEZAR D. PAMIN

What are the best practices of the teachers applied in their school that are connected
with the four (4) major philosophy of education?

One of the implemented considered best practices in Dayap National Integrated

High School-Senior High School Department where I am currently teaching is the Project
#MayPuso which initially carves an important mantra to be instilled in the mind and soul of
every SHS teacher and second parent at the same time is being passionate to educate the
mind and heart of SHS learners. This is according to Aristotle who believed that “educating
the mind without educating the heart is no education at all.” Every teacher I know is not
that just inculcating skill to students, but also nourishing their values. These can be shown
during class/peer discussion, graded recitation, peer teaching, group work, and other
performance tasks, wherein learners are freely expressing themselves to certain ideas
shared and commented. Through these different tasks, I strongly assumed that knowledge,
values, reasoning, nationalistic, and sincerity would be manifested to each K-12 learner.

During the first week of my Philosophy class, I asked my students about their goals
in life and let them write their bucket list in a paper, to test their independent thinking and
reflective thinking. Some responses recited by my students which they would be eager to
tick like “to be honor students to make their parents proud and to graduate with flying
colors, to have a permanent job with extravagant salary, to build or design their own
houses, to be the boss of a company with good employees, to own a business catering
unique products of Calauan, to invent medicines to treat cancer patients” etc. But one
answer caught the class attention, and that is “to give back to community.” Other students
teased and beamed, “Wow! Babayani!” but many students reflected on their written goals
to the point that one shouted “Oo nga naman, puro karamihan ng sagot pansarili lang
fulfillment, ano kaya ang maitutulong natin sa karamihan in the near future?” How can I
help my countrymen and my country?According to Plato, “Man is a being in search of
meaning.” It is necessary to lead them on the path of learning and to make them respond to
Why and How are they going to partake their desired goals and reach their destinations.
Teachers, being the future maker of the society serve as models to learners therefore; it is
essential for me as a teacher also, to use or have thoughts to inspire them and be driven to
let learners realize their purposes as individuals. This is in lieu of Project MAKABAYAN
being integrated to each subject.

Emphatic thinking and learning is also integrated in situational activity to be done in

any subject. When I was teaching ethical standard topic in my Practical Research 2 Grade
12 class, I posted questions like “If you were the author of this citation and the researchers
did not acknowledge it, what would you feel?”, “What would be your action?” The debate
activity in Philosophy where I let my student watched a documentary about Radical Love by
actress Cherry Pie Picache who forgave the killer of her mother. I question to pond I gave was
“Would you forgive a person who killed your loved one?” In these activities, I was able to
sight and scrutinize the viewpoint of my learners and give fair-share judgment.

Every group discussion, I see to it that I function as the evaluator and validator of
the learning; my way to unite my learners and I and create harmony inside the classroom.
The idea is to work together to create a better citizen, who diligently serves the community
and keeps check on the morality. I must say that teachers can understand how to deal with
the students and unite them as one if values and knowledge is combined. Even the students
will then be able to confidently speak to the teacher as if he/she is their friend. This can
ensure that my students not only retain their academic knowledge from all their completed
grades but also develop a sense of humane values and ethics.

DNIHS teachers are encouraged to intensify the professional growth and work
ethics, Results-based Performance Management System-Philippine Professional Standards for
Teachers (RPMS-PPST)

”The PPST outlines the required skills and competencies of quality teachers, enabling
them to cope with the emerging global frameworks. If the required skills and competencies
are not met, various professional development interventions will be given to them. PPST helps
assure parents and guardians that their children receive quality basic education from
qualified professionals whose competencies are abreast with changes and advancements in
the information age.” Source: https://www.deped.gov.ph/2018/10/03/rpms-ppst-helping-
teachers-improve-delivery-of-quality-basic-education/
 and to strengthen merit system and support open ranking procedures, DEPED-
CALABARZON SCOUTER’S ROCK.

S trengthen the merit system and support open ranking procedures.

C reate and nurture productive partnerships with all stakeholders in

implementing various education programs, projects and activities.

O pen all channels of communication (suggestion boxes, on-line and other media) to keep
everybody updated on all policies and opportunities for professional growth and to gather
constructive comments and feedback for enhanced delivery of services.

U phold the norms of conduct for public servants (commitment to public interest,
professionalism, justness and sincerity, political neutrality, responsiveness to the
public, nationalism and patriotism, commitment to democracy, and simple living)

T ake active part in monitoring and supervising teaching-learning activities as well as in

providing technical assistance towards better outcomes.

E nable every school-aged child and youth to benefit from high quality basic education
services.

R ecognize and scale up research-enabled best practices of exemplary performance to

sustain a culture of excellence.

S ystematically push higher levels of practice in School-Based Management.

R ender regular and accurate financial reports on MOOE and other funds generated from
other sources and keep an updated and reliable e-BEIS.

O ptimize the utilization of ICT in improving access to and quality of basic education
services.

C onserve water, energy and other resources while performing tasks.

K eep schools and offices safe and eco-friendly.

Source: https://depedcalabarzon.ph/2014/05/12-things-to-do-for-tea-governance-in-
deped-calabarzon-scouters-rock/

Being student-centered, society-centered, and teacher-centered philosophies, these

summed up ESSENTIALISM (teaching of basic skills proven over time to be needed in
society), PERENNIALISM (teaching of good works), PROGRESSIVISM (developing the
student’s moral compass), humanism (fostering each student to his/her fullest potential),
constructivism (using education to shape a student’s world view), RECONSTRUCTIONISM
(using education as means to solve social problems), and behaviorism (cultivating behaviors
that are beneficial to society).