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Introduction
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VC Trunk
Virtual Container Trunk, VC Trunk is built by VC. It is the
internal port of Ethernet unit.
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Structure of Ethernet Unit
Collecting alarm
and performance
event
VCTRUNK
Port
Note: Both of the external and internal ports can process Tag flag
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Tag Attributes
Tag flag is used to identify the type of frames. Three types of Tag
attributes are available: Tag aware, Access, and Hybrid.
Tag Aware: When the port is set to be Tag aware, the port transmits the
packets with the Tag flag transparently and discards those without the Tag flag;
Access: When the port is set to be Access, the port attaches a Tag flag to the
packets without Tag flag according to its VLAN ID and discards those with the
Tag flag;
Hybrid: When the port is set to be Hybrid, the port can process packets
regardless of the Tag flag and attach a Tag flag to the packets without the Tag
flag according to its VLAN ID.
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Tag Attributes (Cont.)
Packet
Tag Untag
Port
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Layer 2 Switching Model
Application Application
layer layer
Presentation Presentation
layer layer
Session The emergence of L2 Session
layer makes Ethernet evolve layer
into the switching mode.
Transport Transport
layer layer
Network Layer 2 switch Network
layer layer
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L2 LAN Switch – Work Mechanism
1234.ABCD.0001 1234.ABCD.0003
A C
PORT1 PORT3
PORT2 PORT4 D
B switch 1234.ABCD.0004
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MAC Address Learning/Forwarding
DA SA DA SA
MAC 4 MAC1 MAC 1 MAC2
MAC 1 MAC 2
A P1 P2 B
P3 P4
Switch
C MAC 1 P1 D
MAC 2 P2
• PC-A sends a packet in which DA • PC-B sends a packet in which DA
is MAC4 and SA is MAC1. is MAC1 and SA is MAC2.
• The switch cannot find the • The switch finds P1 that MAC1
corresponding port of MAC4 in the corresponds to in the MAC
MAC address forwarding table and address forwarding table and
broadcasts the packet to each port. unicasts the packet to P1.
• The switch learns P1 that MAC1 • The switch learns P2 that MAC2
corresponds to. corresponds to.
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Switching Modes
• The switch starts to forward a data frame upon receiving the
destination address.
Cut-Through • The delay is low.
• The switch does not check data frames for errors.
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Three Switch Modes
Cut-Through:
Forward the frame immediately after it receive destination
address
Short time delay
Switch doesn’t check the error
Store-and-Forward:
Switch forward the frame after it receive the whole frame
Long time delay
Switch check the error so no error frame will be forwarded
Fragment-free:
Switch forward the frame after it receive 64 bytes
Integrate the advantage of the cut-through and store-and-
forward mode
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VLAN-Tagged Layer 2 Switching
Receive: Check whether a data
Layer 2 Switch frame contains a VLAN tag.
Yes: Hand the data frame to the
forwarding module
No: Add a tag according to the
Data
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Static Forwarding
Static MAC address table
Blacklist
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Switch
A switch when compared to bridge has multiple port.Switches can perform error checking before forwarding data.which
are very efficient by not forwarding packets that error end out or forwarding good packets selectively to connect
Switches can support both layer2(( based on MAC address ) and layer 3 ( based on IP address ) depending on the type
of switch .U sually large networks use switches instead of hubs to connect computers within the same subnet
Bridge
In telecommincations networks The bridge is a product that connects a Local area Network ( LAN ) to another
Local Area Network that uses the same protocol. Having a single incoming and outgoing por and filters traffic on the LAN
By looking at the MAC address,the bridge is complex than hub .Bridge looks at the destination of the packet before
Forwarding unlike a hub . It restrics transmission on the other LAN segment if destination is not found .
A Bridge works at the data –link ( physical network ) level of a network ,coping a data frame from one network to the
Next network along the communications path
Can connect fewer LAN Can connect more networks compared to the bridge.
2.2 EPL
2.3 EVPL
2.4 EPLAN
2.5 EVPLAN
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Overview
EPL: Ethernet Private Line
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EPL
EPL (Ethernet Private Line): EPL can provide low latency
and high security point to point transmission without sharing.
Bandwidth exclusive
Services isolated
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EPL (Cont.)
Point to Point transmission without sharing
VCTRUNK 1 VCTRUNK 1
VCTRUNK 1
VCTRUNK 2
VCTRUNK 2 VCTRUNK 2
Port 1 Port 1
A A
Port 2 Port 2
NE 1 NE 2
B B
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Questions
EPL provides private bandwidth for users. How about if
VCTRUNK / Port resource is not enough?
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EVPL
EVPL ( Ethernet Virtual Private Line): Multiple service flows can
share VCTRUNK/Port with VLAN ID/MPLS/QinQ. It can improve
the bandwidth utilization ratio and save the ports resource of
Ethernet unit.
EVPL
•VLAN tag-based
•VLAN tag-based
•MPLS encapsulation-based
•QinQ technology-based
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Port Shared EVPL
Services share one external port with different VLAN ID.
VCTRUNK 1 VCTRUNK 1
VCTRUNK 1
VCTRUNK 2
VCTRUNK 2 VCTRUNK 2
Port 1
(VLAN 100)
Port 1
VLAN 100 Department A
Headquarters VLAN 200 Port 2
(VLAN 200)
NE 1 NE 2
Department B
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VCTRUNK Shared EVPL (VLAN ID)
Services share one VCTRUNK with different VLAN ID.
VCTRUNK 1
Port 1 Port 1
VLAN 100 VLAN 100
A A’
Port 2 Port 2
VLAN 200 VLAN 200
NE 1 NE 2
B B’
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MPLS Basics
MPLS network
IP P
PE
PE
P
LSP
MPLS
NE 1 Tunnel 56 NE 2
VC 26
Branch 1 Branch 2
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QinQ Basics
QinQ technology is a VLAN stacking technology
C-VLAN
S-VLAN
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VCTRUNK Shared EVPL (QinQ)
EVPL can provide VCTRUNK sharing with different S-VLAN if the C-
VLAN ID of the services are the same. The traffic of A and B will share
VCTRUNK1 with different S-VLAN values.
Add S-VLAN Strip S-VLAN
C-VLAN S-VLAN C-VLAN C-VLAN
11 30 11 11
Port 1 Port 1
VCTRUNK 1
Port 2 Port 2
NE 1 S-VLAN C-VLAN
NE 2
20 11
Branch 1 Branch 2
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Questions
What’s the difference between EPL and EVPL?
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EPLAN
EPLAN (Ethernet Private LAN), it is based on L2 switching.
It can provide muti-points to muti-points low latency and
high security communication.
Bandwidth is exclusively occupied
Service isolated
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EPLAN (Cont.)
EPLAN (Ethernet Private Local Area Network) all the sub-companies at
different areas can communicate with each other. NE 3 implements the
L2 switching function.
NE 1
PORT 1
NE 2 NE 4 PORT 1
H2 H3
NE 3
VCTRUNK 1 VCTRUN VCTRUN VCTRUNK 1
K K
PORT 1 PORT 1
PORT 1
Company H
H1 MSTP Equipment
VCTRUNK 1 VCTRUNK 2
Virtual Bridge (IEEE 802.1d Bridge)
PORT 1
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EPLAN - MAC Add. Self-learning
Forwarding based on destination address
MAC add. Port
MACA 1
MACB 1
MACC 2
MACD MACA ……… MACD 2
Port 1
Port 2
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EPLAN - VB/LP
VB: Virtual bridge, logical L2 switch. One Ethernet unit can
configure N*VB, each VB provides M*LP, the data in
different VB is isolated;
LP1 LP4
LP2
PORT VCG
Ethernet Unit
LP5
LP6
VB3 VB2
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EPLAN - STP
STP: Spanning tree protocol. The protocol will temporarily
disable the backup links when loop of Ethernet service is
occurred in the network.
Root
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Questions
What is the advantage of EPLAN?
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EVPLAN
EVPLAN (EVPLAN: Ethernet Virtual Private LAN): the
bandwidth could be shared by different users. Services
should be differentiated by the VLAN/QinQ scheme.
IEEE 802.1q bridge
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EPLAN vs EVPLAN
EPLAN
… EVPLAN
…
Ingress Filtering
Disabled VS Ingress Filtering
Enabled
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EVPLAN (802.1q Bridge)
The 802.1q bridge performs Layer 2 switching according to the
destination MAC addresses and VLAN IDs.
NE 1
VLAN ID H3
H2
PORT 1 NE 2 VCTRUNK 1 VCTRUNK 2 NE 4 PORT 1
PORT 1 PORT 2
PORT 2 PORT 2
NE 3
VCTRUN VCTRUN
K K
G2 G3
User M User N
NE 3
VCTRUN VCTRUN
K K
VoIP HSI
PORT 1 PORT 2
Enterprise User
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Summary
Basic Concepts
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Thank you
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