Drawing Instructions

ME 111: Engineering Graphics

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Indian Institution of Technology Dharwad

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Instruments

Drawing
Rectangular board of softwood about 25 mm thick
Working edge (on left side for T-square to slide)
Sometimes grooved and ebony fitted
Batten at the bottom (to prevent wrapping)
Size of board (recommended by BIS (IS: 1444-1989))

Designation Size (mm × mm)

B0 1000 × 1500
B1 700 × 1000
B2 500 × 700
B3 350 × 500

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Instruments

T-square (not used in this course)

Set-squares
2 in number
60◦ -30◦ and 45◦
Protractor & Pro-circle
French curves
for drawing curves which cannot be drawn with compasses
A faint freehand curve is first drawn through the known points
the longest possible curve that coincides exactly with the
freehand curve is then found out from the French curves.
Finally, a neat continuous curve is drawn with the aid of the
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Instruments

Drawing box instruments

Pencils
Eraser
Drawing clips
Mini-drafter
Roll-n-draw
Drawing sheets

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Drawing Sheet

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Keep Your Drawing Clean

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Sheet Layout

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Sheet Layout

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Freehand Sketching

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Descriptions of Lines

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Types of Lines

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Illegible

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Lettering

Used for writing of titles, sub-titles, dimensions, scales and

other details on a drawing.
Essential features of lettering –
legibility, uniformity, ease, rapidity,
No ornamental and embellishing style of letter
Clearly distinguishable from each other in order to avoid any
confusion even in case of slight mutilations
The Indian standard followed for lettering is BIS: 9609
Single stroke lettering for use in engineering drawing
Lettering types generally used for creating a drawing are
Lettering Type A – Height of the capital letter is divided into
14 equal parts
Lettering Type B – Height of the capital letter is divided into
10 equal parts

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Lettering: Type A

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Lettering: Type B

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Letter Size Recommendation

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Lettering: Basic Strokes

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Dimensioning
Elements of dimensioning

Arrowheads

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Dimensioning: Usually in mm

System of dimensioning
Aligned system Unidirectional system

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Dimensioning: Usually in mm

System of dimensioning
Aligned system Unidirectional system

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Angular Dimensions
To indicate the size of angular details appearing as either angular or
linear dimensions.

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Shape Identification Dimensioning

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Aspect Ratio

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Aspect Ratio

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Scales
A scale is defined as the ratio of the linear dimensions of the
object as represented in a drawing to the actual dimensions of
the same.
Drawings drawn with the same size as the objects are called
full sized drawing.
It is not convenient, always, to draw drawings of the object to
its actual size. e.g. Buildings,
Full size
Reduced size
Enlarged size

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Drawing Board
1 Occupy assigned drawing board for the drawing session and adjust
the height and inclination using right-hand side levers. Preferable,
the height should be roughly above your waist.
2 Adjust the drawing board stand to your height. The lower most bolt
can be utilized to adjust the height, while the upper bolt can be
utilized to adjust the inclination. Please hold the knob (black in
colour) and the upper bolt (grey in colour) to adjust. This means
you may have to take help of your colleagues for adjusting.
3 Lay the newspaper beneath the drawing sheet.
4 Fix the mini-drafter firmly on to the left top corner
5 Do not fix the mini-drafter on the drawing sheet
6 Make sure the mini-drafter fixture is not inclined
7 Properly clamp the drawing sheet on the right bottom of the board
8 Keep the B or HB, H or 2H pencil sharp.
9 Do take care of the drawing instruments. Do not lift the drafter out
of the board as it will loosen the joints.
10 Don’t lean on the drawing table.
11 Don’t rotate around the drawing board/sheet to complete your
drawing
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Instruments and Sheet Layout

1 Don’t use outer edge of the mini-drafter scale to draw lines.

2 Draw trim-boarder (10 mm each side), and drawing boarder
(40 mm from trim-boarder left-hand side, 10 mm other three
sides).
3 Draw the title block (100 mm × 45 mm) and as indicated in
the handout.
4 Do the construction/projection line work using H or HB pencil
(thin/light lines).
5 Do the finalization work using H or 2H pencil (dark lines).
6 Do keep your drawing sheet clean
7 Do complete the title-block using TYPE B lettering (Name of
the drawing sheet and Name of the student: height 10 mm).

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Machine Drawings: Type

Machine drawing
Production drawing
Assembly drawing
Catalogue drawing
Schematic assembly
Instruction manual drawing
Machine shop drawing
Exploded drawing
Electrical circuit drawing

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Machine Drawing

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Production Drawing

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Assembly Drawing

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Exploded Drawing

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Catalogue Drawing

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Machine Drawing: Types

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Exploded View

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Zoom View

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ORACLE Netra Server X5-2 Service Manual

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4.16 kV Bus One-Line

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