HIS 007

Day 13
Rizal had been to Singapore, Sri Lanka, Africa, Italy, Spain and a lot more European countries.
Barcelona, Spain- one of the meaningful countries he had been to.
When he was staying at Barcelona, he was able to write an essay:
1. Amor Patrio of Love of Country- under the pen name
2. Laong Laan- which mean ever prepared
- Rizal was able to explain his views through this essay indicating that the PH is the
country for Filipinos not for Spain
- This essay of his was sent to the PH and was translated to Tagalog by Marcelo H.
Del Pilar to be published to the local newspaper of Manila called Diariong Tagalog.

 Rizal also went to Madrid, Spain and enrolled at the University of Madrid both in Medicine and
in Philosophy and Letters. During his stay, he became active in Filipino and Spanish organizations
focused in improving the Philippine situation like the Circulo Hispano Filipino.
 Another country he went to is Heidelberg, Germany where he was able to write a poem about a
garden located there titled To The Flowers of Heidelberg. In this poem of his, it reminded him of
the scenery in his hometown, Calamba.

Noli Me Tangere- he was able to write this masterpiece while travelling all over Europe.
- finished the novel in Heidelberg, Germany
- the novel was published in Berlin.
- a very controversial novel for it is about the Spaniards most especially the Spanish
friars who are the ones responsible for the oppression of the Filipinos.
- Rizal was a reformist when he wrote this novel
Elias- died in the novel
- the character which symbolizes a revolutionary.
Death of Elias- signifies that Rizal was a reformist back then.
He believed that the Philippines still didn’t need a revolution but only a reform. He believed so
because of the following reasons:
1. The Philippines was not ready to be a free and independent country
2. The idea of assimilation was not permanent for the country
3. The reform or assimilation must come from the leaders of the governing of the country
 On June 21, 1884, he conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine at the Universidad Central
de Madrid. The following academic year, he studied and passed all subjects leading to a degree of
Degree of Medicine. Unfortunately, he was not able to submit the thesis required for graduation nor
paid the corresponding fees. With that, he was not awarded his Doctor’s Diploma.
 Rizal practiced ophthalmology, mainly in Calamba, Hongkong, and while exile in the town of
Dapitan.

Louis de Wecker- Rizal first studied the eye under this famous French ophthalmologist
- was a profilic author and an active teacher
- was the first to use the term filtration
Otto Becker- he was directed to the Augenklinik of this professor
- was a professor of ophthalmology at the University of Heidelberg
Ernst Fuchs- whom he visited and worked with for a short time in Vienna
Rudolph Virchow- the father of pathology
- who invited him to become a member of the Berlin Anthropological Society

Day 14
 On July 31, 1886, Rizal wrote his first letter in German to Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt,
Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria
 With the letter, Rizal sent a book which he mentioned. That book was entitled Aritmetica
(Arithmetic) and was published in two languages - Spanish and Tagalog - by the University of
Santo Tomas Press in 1868. the author was Rufino Baltazar Hernandez, a native of Santa Cruz,
Laguna.
 Rizal experienced many winters in Europe but the darkest and the coldest of these happened in
Berlin in 1886. During this time, Paciano was unable to send money from the Philippines because of
bad weather and the short harvest due to locust infestation. Rizal experienced hunger pains
because he had no money to buy food. His health broke down due to lack of proper nourishment. He
was alone, sick and penniless at the height of winter in a far land. Rizal was thinking of burning the
book he was writing for it would make him warm at least. He was so frustrated and hopeless when he
received a telegram from Maximo Viola that he was coming to Berlin to see him.
 On February 21, 1887, Noli Me Tangere was finally finished and ready for printing. With Viola,
Rizal went to the different printing shops in Berlin to survey the cost of printing. After a few days of
inquiries, they finally found a printing shop that charged the lowest rate for the novel, which was
 three hundred pesos (P300.00) for two thousand (2,000) copies. This shop was Berliner
Buchdruckrei Action Gesselschaft.
La Liga Filipina- Jose Rizal returned to the PH and proposed the establishment of a civic organization
Elected as its officers
1. Ambrosio Salvador as the PRESIDENT
2. Agusting dela Rosa as the FISCAL
3. Bonifacio Arevalo as the TREASURER
4. Deodato Arellano as the SECRETARY
5. Jose Rizal as its ADVISER

La Liga Filipina aimed to:

 Unite the whole country
 Protect and assist all members
 Fight violence and injustice
 Support education
 Study and implement reforms

Governor General Eulogio Despujol- ordered Rizal’s deportation to Dapitan, a small, secluded town in
Zamboanga
Andres Bonifacio- was one of those who believed that the only way to achieve meaningful change was
through a bloody revolution
La Solidaridad- in order to help achieve its goal, the Propaganda Movement put up its own newspaper
The Soli- as the reformists fondly called their official organ, came out once every two months
Graciano Lopez Jaena- the La Solidaridad’s first editor
Marcelo H. del Pilar- took over in October 1889

Noli Me Tangere- Symbols and Meaning

 Cross- Sufferings
 Silhouette of a woman- Maria Clara
 Pomelo blossom/laurel leaves- honor and fidelity
 Burning torch- range/passion
 Sunflower- enlightenment especially the youth
 Bamboo stalks- resilience
 Chain- slavery
  Whip- cruelty
 Helmet- arrogance of those in authority
 Man in a cassock with hairy feet- Priest using religion in a dirty way

El Filibusterismo
 Ghent, Belgium is where the second novel of Rizal was published
 Valentin Ventura was the one who funded for the printing of El Fili
 Contains 38 chapters
 Characters in El Filibusterismo
-Simoun -Crispin
-Maria Clara -Basilio
-Elias -Cabesang Tales
-Isagani -Paulita Gomez
 Dedicated to GOMBURZA, the 3 martyr priests

 Juan Crisostomo Ibarra is a young Filipino who, after studying for seven years in Europe, returns
to his native land to find that his father, a wealthy landowner, has died in prison as the result of a
quarrel with the parish curate, a Franciscan friar named Padre Damaso. ibarra is engaged to a
beautiful and accomplished girl, Maria Clara, the supposed daughter and only child of the rich Don
Santiago delos Santos, commonly knows as “Capitan Tiago”. He meets with ostensible support
from all, especially Pader Damaso’s successor, a young and gloomy Franciscan named Padre Salvi,
for whom Maria Clara confesses to an instinctive dread.

Day 17
Muelmar Magallanes- when Typhoon Onoy flooded vast swaths of Metro Manila in September 2009,
then the 18-years-old sacrificed his life to save 30 people.
Soldiers- some were able to come back to their families wounded after a battle, and some were not lucky
enough to make it through.
Teachers- we have entrusted our children to their teachers to be their second parents and to be their guide
in learning.
Kesz Valdez- at such an early age, Kesz was able to start Caring Children Organization to help 10,000
street children.
Tzarina Saniel- she strongly believes in the value of education thus she has started collecting old books
and manuscripts with the aim of preserving the Filipino culture.
Mothers- the unappreciated and most often misunderstood. They may be the least thought of to be heroes
because most of us just see them as someone who is responsible to give us education, clothes, a roof over
our head and other things that we might need.

Day 18
Efren Penaflorida: The Kariton Klasrum
 Born to a poor family, Efren experienced living in barong-barong near a city dumpsite. He took
the challenge to overcome poverty, realizing the importance of basic education and advantage of just
being able to read. He used his resources and the best of his abilities to reach 1,500 kids.
UP Summa Cum Laude set to serve by Elizabeth Marcelo
 When Alexander John Cruz decided to take up Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering at
the University of the Philippines Diliman five years ago, he thought only of the course in very
practical terms.
 Inspiration to youth. But, amid all the recognitions, Cruz said there is one thing that gives him a
sense of fulfillment the most- teaching. “I want to return to the acedeme and give back to our country
by being a teacher and an inspiration to the youth,” Cruz said. “I really love to tutor younger students,
it gives me a sense of fulfillment. Science has been my field of interest since I was young, but I
always wanted to be a teacher. Since I was a kid, madalas akong mag-play as teacher with my
playmates,”