c




  

The first disadvantage of bio diesel is that its cold weather properties are not as good as that of
petroleum diesel. This means that those people who live in cold countries will need to take
precautions during winter if using bio diesel.

When discussing bio diesel people refer to the Cloud Point. The cloud point is that point at which
the bio diesel starts to solidify. So a cloud point of 10° C means that if cannot be used below
this temperature.

Bio diesel takes on the characteristics of the material from which it is made. If you make bio
diesel from soybean oil, then it will have a cloud point less than -2°C. If you make bio diesel
from palm oil, then this cloud point could be more than 10°C.

It is thus vital that the infeed material that is used for the manufacturing of bio diesel is suitable
for the country in which it is going to be consumed. This is one reason why the major national
bio diesel fuel standards like ASTM D6751 and EN 14214, specify what the maximum cloud
point should be. Highly saturated fats like palm oil will not make bio diesel that is suitable for
use in North America or Europe during winter.

When making bio diesel from used cooking oil (which is the major source of bio diesel in many
countries) it is very difficult to determine exactly what kind of oil is being used. The oil may be
sourced from hundreds of different restaurants and mixed together before use. This means that in
many cases, the cloud point is difficult to determine. Each batch will need to be tested to ensure
that it complies with national standards before it is sold.

 
 

 

The second disadvantage of using bio diesel is that bio diesel tends to dissolve nitrile rubbers.
Prior to the introduction of ultra-low sulfur diesel, nitrite and other natural rubbers were widely
used in fuel systems. This makes these older systems incompatible with bio diesel. After 1994, in
many countries, motor manufacturers started using more bio diesel compatible materials.

If you drive a later model vehicle, this will not be an issue for you. Many people who drive older
vehicles adopt a wait-and-see attitude. Nitrile and other incompatible rubber will break down,
but the process takes an extended period of time. It can take up to a year for these issues to show.
This leaves plenty of time for these materials to be identified and replaced.



 
'ne of the characteristics of bio diesel is that it is an extremely good solvent. Petroleum diesel
on the other hand, tends to leave deposits in the fuel system. These deposits take the form of
sludge in the fuel tank, as well as a varnish on the inside of the fuel pipes. Using bio diesel will
flush these deposits out.

This will block up the fuel filters and will cause the engine to stall. When using bio diesel for the
first time. It is wise to carry a spare fuel filter with you.

This really is only an issue on vehicles which have been run on petroleum diesel for a long
period of time. New vehicles that have only been running on diesel for a few years will not have
a problem.

It is possible to have the fuel tanks steam cleaned which will remove the deposits and minimize
the problem.

—   

When running bio diesel you will experience a loss of anywhere from 1-10%. Typically the
power loss is about 5%.

This may be an issue if the engine is running close to full load, under heavy acceleration or you
are a street racer, but it is not usually a significant issue. Most vehicles today have plenty of
spare power available.

However when hauling goods or in other situations where engines are run at load, the fuel
consumption will increase accordingly. Fuel consumption can increase from 5-10%.

The degree of power loss or fuel consumption increase is dependent on the material that the
biodiesel is made from. Animal Fat Bio diesel is less affected than Vegetable 'il Bio diesel.

Advantages Disadvantages

 Domestically produced from non-petroluem, renewable resources

 Can be used in most diesel engines, especially newer ones

 ßess air pollutants (other than nitrogen oxides) and greenhouse gases

 Biodegradable

 Non-toxic

 Safer to handle

 Use of blends above B5 not yet warrantied by auto makers

 ßower fuel economy and power (10% lower for B100, 2% for B20)

 Currently more expensive

 More nitrogen oxide emissions

 B100 generally not suitable for use in low temperatures

 Concerns about B100's impact on engine durability

 Hydrogen Fuel Vehicles are 
  in regard to breaking our dependence on
foreign oil, along with alcohol fuels. But there are a few dark clouds hovering over this
technology.

 O            While hydrogen

always exists in conjunction with other elements, such as in water, it must be separated
from these elements and is therefore considered an energy carrier, as opposed to an
energy source.

 = c 
    
 Because hydrogen is a gas, it cannot be compressed into a

liquid form without intensive cost and energy input. Hydrogen is the lightest element on
earth. As a gas, it dissipates rapidly. To compress this gas is very, very difficult .


For that matter, the cost to even produce hydrogen gas is expensive. Even the electrolysis
units of the HH' generators used in the hydrogen boost apparatus such as in Water4Gas
come at the expense of horsepower. It takes electricity to generate the HH' gas. This
electricity or amperes comes from the alternator which of course is powered by the
engine.There is not free energy given here. Horsepower is created by the release of
energy from the fuel. So in some cases fuel economy is reduced by the same means you
are trying to improve fuel economy.

 An expert in this field of hydrogen fuels is Roy McAlister of the American Hydrogen
Association has done extensive research on hydrogen fuel vehicles for over forty years.
Mr. McAlister and Steven Harris have shown, by means of math and science, that water
fuel cars do not add up. It takes more energy to produce the HH' than is given back in
the gas. I am still working on this claim because I have seen an increase in fuel economy
by about 3 % using the Water4Gas charging system.

 å  

 —    By the same token, other

methods to produce hydrogen must use energy to separate the hydrogen from the oxygen.

 This may require fossil fuels such as coal or oil. So, in a sense, we are spinning our
wheels in trying to get away from fossil fuels. Along with that, coal, which is a major
feedstock for hydrogen, is a major contributor to pollution.




K       
 By its very nature, hydrogen is very powerful.
Who has not heard of the hydrogen bomb? I have even had my HH' generator explode
when I tried to ignite the gas coming from the generator without the check valve attached
to the tubing. It sounded like a 12 gauge shotgun and only blew the cap off the device.

 Vet mention hydrogen and everyone thinks of the Hindenburg.


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 'ne of the main disadvantages of the switch to hydrogen will be the huge cost of
switching all the cars and gas stations to receive and distribute hydrogen. This will be a
huge undertaking from the small consumer
to the larger fuel suppliers such as Shell and
Exxon. This is only one concern of the
people worried about making the switch to
hydrogen. Another is the explosive property
of hydrogen. Hydrogen like gasoline can
combust very easily but hydrogen even more
so. This means that special care will have to
be made transporting and pumping such an
explosive material. Even thought these are
 some large disadvantages the switch to hydrogen will be very beneficial in the long run.