TUGAS RESPONSI

PENGINDERAAN JAUH

RESUME EMPAT JENIS CITRA SATELIT

Oleh:
Rafi Hazami
03311740000023

Kelas:
PENGINDERAAN JAUH A

Dosen Pengampu : Prof.Dr. Ir. Bangun Muljo Sukojo, DEA, DESS

Dosen Responsi : Nurwatik, ST, MSc

DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK GEOMATIKA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL LINGKUNGAN DAN KEBUMIAN
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER SURABAYA
2019
 1. Ladsat 7
Involving three large American governmental organizations: NASA, NOAA and USGS
launched on April 15, 1999. Landsat 7 is equipped with ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper
Plus), which provides a ground survey in four modes: VNIR (Visible and Near Infrared),
SWIR (Shortwave Infrared), PAN (Panchromatic - Panchromatic range), TIR (Thermal
infrared - Thermal infrared range).
The Landsat 7 ETM+ instrument is designed with the significant exception of the thermal
infrared band, where the ground resolution has been improved from 120 to 60 m.
Landsat 7 has the capacity to collect and transmit up to 532 images per day. It is in a
polar, sun-synchronous orbit, meaning it scans across the entire earth's surface.

Landsat 7 Satellite Image of the Great Salt Lake Area, Utah - United States

 Ladsat 7 characteristics;
Characteristic Description

Participants  NASA
 (NOAA)
 DOI USGS
 Spacecraft bus
 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus

Launch Date April 15, 1999

Vehicle Delta II

Site Western Test Range at Vandenberg Air Force

Base, California

Spacecraft  Power provided by a single Sun-

tracking solar array and two 50
 Ampere-Hour (AHr), Nickel
Cadmium (NiCd) batteries
 Attitude control provided through
four reaction wheels (pitch, yaw, roll,
and skew); three 2-channel gyros with
celestial drift updating; a static Earth
sensor; a 1750 processor; and torque
rods and magnetometers for
momentum uploading
 Orbit control and backup momentum
unloading provided through a blow-
down monopropellant hydrazine
system with a single tank containing
270 pounds of hydrazine, associated
plumbing, and twelve 1-pound-thrust
jets
 Weight: approx. 4,800 lbs (2,200 kg)
 Length: 4.3 m (14 ft)
 Diameter: 2.8 m (9 ft)

Communications  Direct Downlink with Solid State

Recorders (SSR)
 Data rate: 150 Mbps

Orbit  Worldwide Reference System-2

(WRS-2) path/row system
 Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude
of 705 km (438 mi)
 233 orbit cycle; covers the entire
globe every 16 days (except for the
highest polar latitudes)
 Inclined 98.2° (slightly retrograde)
 Circles the Earth every 98.9 minutes
 Equatorial crossing time: 10:00 a.m.
+/- 15 minutes

Sensors ETM+

Scene size 170 km x 185 km (106 mi x 115 mi)

Design life Minimum of 5 years

 Ladsat 7 Bands

Band Wavelength Resolution

Sensor Band name Band Applications
number (μm) (m)

Bathymetric mapping,
distinguishing soil from
ETM+ 1 Blue 0.45-0.52 30
vegetation, and deciduous
from coniferous vegetation

Emphasizes peak
ETM+ 2 Green 0.52-0.60 30 vegetation, which is useful
for assessing plant vigor

Discriminates vegetation
ETM+ 3 Red 0.63-0.69 30
slopes

Emphasizes biomass
ETM+ 4 NIR 0.77-0.90 30
content and shorelines

Discriminates moisture
content of soil and
ETM+ 5 SWIR 1 1.55-1.75 30
vegetation; penetrates thin
clouds

Thermal mapping and

ETM+ 6 Thermal 10.40-12.50 60*(30)
estimated soil moisture

Hydrothermally altered
ETM+ 7 SWIR 2 2.09-2.35 30 rocks associated with
mineral deposits
 15 meter resolution,
ETM+ 8 Panchromatic 0.52-0.90 15
sharper image definition

2. Ladsat 8
Landsat 8 is an American Earth observation satellite launched on February 11, 2013. It is
the eighth satellite in the Landsat program; the seventh to reach orbit successfully. Originally
called the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), it is a collaboration between NASA
and the United States Geological Survey (USGS).
The spatial landsat 8 resolution of the images obtained with the TIRS instrument is 100
m. Its main purpose is to obtain surface temperature characteristics, and to study the process
of heat and moisture transfer in the interests of the agricultural sector, water management,
etc.

Landsat 8 Satellite Image of the Great Salt Lake Area, Utah - United States

 Ladsat 8 characteristics;
Characteristic Description

Participants  NASA
 DOI USGS
 Spacecraft bus: Orbital Science Corp.
 Operational Land Imager Sensor: Ball Aerospace &
Technologies Corp.
 Thermal Infrared Sensors: NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center
Launch Date February 11, 2013

Vehicle Atlas-V rocket

Site Vandenberg Air Force Base, California

Spacecraft  3.14 terabit solid-state data recorder

 Power provided by a single 9 x 0.4 meter solar array and
one 125 Ampere-Hour (AHr), Nickel-Hydrogen (NiH2)
battery
 Weight: 2,071 kg (4,566 lbs) fully loaded with fuel (without
instruments)
 Length: 3 m (9.8 ft)
 Diameter: 2.4 m (7.9 ft)

Communications  Direct Downlink with Solid State Recorders (SSR)

 Data rate: 384 Mbps on X-band frequency; 260.92 Mbps on
S-band frequency

Orbit  Worldwide Reference System-2 (WRS-2) path/row system

 Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 705 km (438 mi)
 233 orbit cycle; covers the entire globe every 16 days
(except for the highest polar latitudes)
 Inclined 98.2° (slightly retrograde)
 Circles the Earth every 98.9 minutes
 Equatorial crossing time: 10:00 a.m. +/- 15 minutes

Sensors  OLI
 TIRS

Scene size 170 km x 185 km (106 mi x 115 mi)

 Design life Minumum of 5 years

Ladsat 8 Bands

Band Wavelength Resolution

Sensor Band name Band Applications
number (μm) (m)

OLI 1 Coastal 0.43 - 0.45 30 Coastal and aerosol studies

Bathymetric mapping,
distinguishing soil from
OLI 2 Blue 0.45 - 0.51 30
vegetation, and deciduous
from coniferous vegetation

Emphasizes peak vegetation,

OLI 3 Green 0.53 - 0.59 30 which is useful for assessing
plant vigor

Discriminates vegetation
OLI 4 Red 0.63 - 0.67 30
slopes

Emphasizes biomass content

OLI 5 NIR 0.85 - 0.88 30
and shorelines

Discriminates moisture
content of soil and
OLI 6 SWIR 1 1.57 - 1.65 30
vegetation; penetrates thin
clouds
 Improved moisture content
OLI 7 SWIR 2 2.11 - 2.29 30 of soil and vegetation and
thin cloud penetration

15 meter resolution, sharper

OLI 8 Pan 0.50 - 0.68 15
image definition

Improved detection of cirrus

OLI 9 Cirrus 1.36 - 1.38 30
cloud contamination

100 meter resolution,

TIRS 10 TIRS 1 10.60 - 11.19 30 (100) thermal mapping and
estimated soil moisture

100 meter resolution,

TIRS 11 TIRS 2 11.50 - 12.51 30 (100) thermal mapping and
estimated soil moisture

3. ASTER
ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) is a
Terra imaging instrument, the flagship satellite of NASA Earth Observing System (EOS)
which was launched on December 18, 1999, at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, USA.
ASTER is a collaboration between NASA, Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry
(METI), and Japan Space Systems (J-pacesystems). ASTER data are used to make detailed
maps of ground surface temperatures, reflections, and elevations.
ASTER satellite image data is expected to contribute to a variety of application areas
related to global change, including vegetation and ecosystem dynamics, disaster monitoring,
geology and soil, soil surface climatology, hydrology, land cover change, and Digital
Elevation Model (DEM).
ASTER consists of three different subsystems; the Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR),
the Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) and the Thermal Infrared (TIR).
 ASTER satellite imagery results

 Characteristic ASTER
Characteristic Description

Launch Date 18 December 1999 at Vandenberg Air Force

Base, California, USA
Equator Crossing 10:30 AM (north to south)
Orbit 705 km altitude, sun synchronous
Orbit Inclination 98.3 degrees from the equator

Orbit Period 98.88 minutes

Grounding Track Repeat Cycle 16 days

Resolution 15 to 90 meters
 ASTER Band
Subsystem Band Soectral Spatial Quantization
range(μm) resolution(m) Levels
1 520-600
2 630-690
15 8
VNIR 3N 780-860
3B 780-860
4 1.6-1.7
5 2.145-2.185
SWIR 30 8
6 2.185-2.225
7 2.235-2.285
 8 2.295-2.
9 2.36-2.43
10 8.125-8.475
11 8.475-8.825
TIR 12 8.925-9.275 90 12
13 10.25-10.95
14 10.95-11.65

4. QuickBird
QuickBird satellite collected image data to 0.65m pixel resolution degree of detail. This
satellite was an excellent source of environmental data useful for analyses of changes in land
usage, agricultural and forest climates. QuickBird's imaging capabilities had applied to a host
of industries, including oil and gas exploration and production (E&P), engineering and
construction and environmental studies.
On January 27, 2015, one of DigitalGlobe’s oldest and most historically significant
imaging satellites re-entered Earth’s atmosphere after c
ompleting its 13-year mission in orbit. QuickBird made more than 70,000 trips around
the planet, capturing some 636 million square kilometers of high-resolution earth imagery
that contributed to humanity’s understanding of our changing planet.

QuickBird satellite imagery results

 Characteristic QuickBird
Characteristic Description

Launch Date Equator Crossing Time

 Launch Vehicle Boeing Delta II
Launch Location Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, USA
Orbit Altitude 450 Km / 482 Km - (Early 2013)
Orbit Inclination 97.2°, sun-synchronous
Speed 7.1 Km/sec (25,560 Km/hour)
Equator Crossing Time 10:30 AM (descending node)
Orbit Time 93.5 minutes
Revisit Time 1-3.5 days, depending on latitude (30° off-
nadir)
Swath Width (Nadir)
16.8 Km / 18 Km - (Early 2013)

Metric Accuracy 23 meter horizontal (CE90)

Digitization 11 bits
Image Bands
Pan: 450-900 nm
Blue: 450-520 nm
Green: 520-600 nm
Red: 630-690 nm
Near IR: 760-900 nm
Resolution Pan: 65 cm (nadir) to 73 cm (20° off-nadir)
MS: 2.62 m (nadir) to 2.90 m (20° off-nadir)

 REFERENCES
Imaging, satellite.2011.”QuickBird Satellite Sensor(0.65m)-Decommissioned”.
https://www.satimagingcorp.com/satellite-sensors/quickbird/.(5 September 2019).
EOS.1999.”LADSAT 7 IMAGERY.https://eos.com/ladsat-7/.(5 september 2019).
EOS.2013.”LADSAT 8 IMAGERY.https://eos.com/ladsat-8/.(5 september 2019).
GEOPMAGE.2000.ASTER.https://www.geoimage.com.au/satellite/aster.(5 September 2019)