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CONCRETE - SEMINAR OUTLINE
PROPERTIES & STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
CONCRETE COMPONENTS
ACTUAL / SITE METHODS & OPERATIONS
PRE-CONCRETE POURING PLAN
CONCRETE PLACING/ CURING
CONCRETE CONSOLIDATION & FINISHING
REPORTS/ ISSUES AND CONCERNS

WORKABILITY EASILY MIXED, PLACED, CONSOLIDATE &
FINISHED IN HOMOGENEOUS CONDITION
WET OR PLASTIC CONCRETE ALLOW TO BE

PLACEABILITY PLACED WITH NO SEGREGATION
COHESIVENESS MEASURE OF MOLDABILITY/ EASILY BE

TROWELLED
COMPRESSIVE INDICATION OF CAPACITY OF CONCRETE TO

STRENGTH RESIST LOADS IN STRUCTURAL APPLICATION
MOBILITY
CAN FLOW EASILY TO FORMS, AROUND STEEL
FINISHABILITY CAN EASILY BE FINISHED ON DESIRED SURFACE

FLATNESS
PUMPABILITY CAN BE PUMPED WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT

DEGRADATION OF ITS PLASTIC PROPERTIES
DEGREE OF PLASTICITY OF FRESH CONCRETE.

CONSISTENCY
SLUMP IS A MEASURE OF CONSISTENCY

• INDICATION
OF CAPACITY OF CONCRETE TO RESIST LOADS IN STRUCTURAL
APPLICATION
• CALCULATED BY DIVIDING MAXIMUM LOAD ATTAINED DURING TEST BY THE
CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF SPECIMEN
IN DISCOVERY PRIMEA, SYΔ² NOTE:

ALL CONCRETE SHALL DEVELOP A MINIMUM COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH AT THE END OF TWENTY EIGHT (28) DAYS WITH
CORRESPONDING MAXIMUM SIZE AGGREGATE AND SLUMPS
LOCATION 28 DAYS STRENGTH
CURBS & SLAB ON GRADE 3,000 PSI
FOUNDATION/ RET. WALL 5,000 PSI
COLUMNS, SHEARWALL & BEARING WALL
FOUNDATION-30TH 10,000 PSI
30TH-HELIPAD 8,000 PSI
BEAMS & SLABS
BASEMENT 6 – 30TH 7, 500 PSI
30TH-HELIPAD 6, 000 PSI

CEMENT
AGGREGATES CONCRETE WATER
ADMIXTURES
MIXTURE OF:
• PORTLAND CEMENT OR ANY OTHER HYDRAULIC CEMENT
• FINE/ COARSE AGGREGATE
• WATER
• WITH OR WITHOUT ADMIXTURES

CONSISTENCY
FLOW BEHAVIOR
OF MIXTURE
STRENGTH SETTING
INDICATOR OF THE
CONCRETE QUALITY TRANSFORMATION
AND PERFORMANCE OF CEMENT PASTE,
AS INTENDED MORTAR OR
DURING DESIGN OF CONCRETE, FROM A
STRUCTURE INFLUENCE THE FLUID MATERIAL TO
FLUIDITY AND A RIGID SOLID
STRENGTH
FINENESS
ALUMINATE PHASE
C4AF C3A
INFLUENCE INFLUENCES SETTING
CEMENT COLOR AND EARLY STRENGTH
TETRACALCIUM TRICALCIUM
ALUMINO FERRITE ALUMINATE
CEMENT’s
4 MAIN OXIDES
DICALCIUM TRICALCIUM
SILICATE SILICATES
BELITE ALITE
C2S C3A
EARLY STRENGTH
CONTRIBUTES TO
AND EARLY SETTING
LATER AGE STRENGTH

PORTLAND
CEMENT
TYPE I TYPE II TYPE III TYPE IV TYPE V
Moderate Heat High early strength

Low Heat of Sulfate Resistant
Ordinary Portland of Hydration Portland Cement
Hydration Cement Portland Cement
Cement Portland Cement (Rapid Strength
(Gravity Dams (Underwater
(General Concrete (Piers, Dams, Bored Development and Early
and Reservoirs) Structures)
Construction) Piles and Massive Stripping of forms
Pours) are required)

NOMINAL MAXIMUM SIZE OF COARSE AGGREGATE:
< 1/5 OF NARROWEST DIMENSION OF FORMS
< 1/3 DEPTH OF SLAB
< ¾ MINIMUM CLEAR SPACING OF REBAR
IN DISCOVERY PRIMEA, SYΔ² NOTE:
LOCATION MAX. AGGREGATE SIZE
CURBS & SLAB ON GRADE 1 IN. (25MM)
FOUNDATION/ RET. WALL 3/4 IN. (19MM)
COLUMNS, SHEARWALL & BEARING WALL
FOUNDATION-30TH 3/4 IN. (19MM)
30TH-HELIPAD LVL. 3/4 IN. (19MM)
BEAMS & SLABS
FOUNDATION-30TH 3/4 IN. (19MM)
30TH-30TH-HELIPAD LVL. 3/4 IN. (19MM)

WORKABILITY OF
VOLUME STABILITY
FRESH CONCRETE
UNIT WEIGHT OR
COST EFFICIENCY
BULK DENSITY
PROPERTIES OF
CONCRETE INFLUENCED
BY AGGREGATES
RESISTANCE TO
PAVEMENT
DESTRUCTIVE
SKID RESISTANCE
ENVIRONMENT
THERMAL STRUCTURAL
PROPERTIES STRENGTH

ASTM C 494 – STANDARD SPECIFICATION
7 CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES
Type A – Water reducing admixtures
Type B – Retarding admixture
Type C – Accelerating admixtures
Type D –Water Reducing and Retarding
Type E –Water Reducing and Accelerating admixtures
Type F –Water Reducing High range admixtures
Type G –Water Reducing, high range and retarding admixtures
ASTM C260 Air Entraining Admixtures

IMPORTANCE:
• ALLOWS US OF VERY LOW WATER CEMENT RATIO WITHOUT AFFECTING WORKABILITY
• RETARDS OR ACCELERATES THE SETTING TIME DEPENDING ON REQUIREMENT
• ALLOW USE OF LESSER CEMENT WITHOUT SACRIFICING STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
•ENHANCES DURABILITY AND LONG TERM STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

- DETERMINES RESULTING STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
Compressive Strength (Mpa)
slump (mm)
60 140
Compressive strength (Mpa)
50 120
100
40
Slump (mm)
80
30
60
20
40
10 20
0 0
0.6 0.55 0.5 0.45
Water/cement ratio
Conclusion :
1.0 The ▼ the water cement ratio in plain Mix concrete the ▲
the Strength
2.0 The ▼ the water cement ratio in the concrete the ▼ the
workability.
PRE-CONCRETE POURING PLAN
Site Preparation and Inspection
Permits, Approved Working drawings, and
Accomplished Forms
Tools and Equipment
Availability of Concrete Supplier
Manpower
Plan B - option/ solution in case of trouble

CONCRETE PLACING
Concrete Batching and Delivery

Method of Concrete Placing
Curing Methods
Age of Concrete for Stripping

Acceptance Criteria of Concrete upon delivery
Specification
Time
Physical properties
Slump
Temperature
The purchaser/ In-charge can waive the concrete mix if

any of these criteria did not meet the specified
requirement.

: February 14, 2013

1.JPG

1.JPG

Water ponding for horizontal structures
Using burlap fiber or mats.
Vapor barrier placing. (polyethelene sheets).
Using chemicals. (curing compound spraying).
Using natural fiber. (Rice hull, banana trunks, etc.)
Using wet sand and frequent water spraying.

Element Time Period
(minimum days)
Walls, columns, sides of beams, 1
girders, and slab on grade.
Joist, beam, or girder soffits:

Clear span between structural
supports.
Under 10 feet 7
10 to 20 feet 14
Over 20 feet 21
One way floor slabs :

Clear span between structural
supports.
Under 10 feet 4
10 to 20 feet 7
Over 20 feet 10
•VIBRATION
•A series of rapid compressive impulses.
•Reduces the surface friction between particles.
•Increase strength by removal of entrapped air.
•Greater density and homogeneity in the concrete.
•Improved bond with reinforcing steel and construction
joints.
•Greater durability because of smooth finish.
•Reduce the incidence of honeycombing, bug holes.

Insert the vibrator as fast as you can in the fresh concrete.
Then withdraw slowly at least 1” per second.

Concrete starts to settle after 1hour of placing.
New concrete paste, placed on top.
Insert the vibrator at approx 2 – 5 cm on the old concrete to free
the layer from the film developed during setting and promote
bonding.
Avoid using the vibrator in
dumping concrete.
Avoid using the vibrator
to move and distribute
concrete.
Avoid vibrating rebar
intentionally.
Avoid vibrating too fast in
an irregular pattern.
Avoid touching the form
skin with the vibrator.

ACI 302 WINDOW
straight edge
Challenge Behavior Operation
Finishing Concrete Finishing
Bull float Waiting Power Trowel

Screeding Straight Edge
Placing Power Float
1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr
Bleedwater Seen
Stiffening
Premature Finishing hitting Late Finishing

(prone to surface defects) the gap (may not achieve specified flatness and finish)

Weekly Projection Vs. Actual Poured
Quantity Monitoring:
Poured qty, Cement Utilization
Manhour Monitoring and Productivity Rate
Rehashed Qty and Balance to Complete
Daily Concreting Log
Checklist for Equipment and Materials (daily,
weekly, monthly).

WEEK 42 - ACTUAL ACCOMPLISHMENT
Discovery Primea Project
Week #: 42 PERIOD: 2-Aug-10 TO 7-Aug-10
August 2, 2010 August 3, 2010 August 4, 2010 August 5, 2010 August 6, 2010 August 7, 2010 TOTAL
ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION
MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY VOLUME
1.0 BEAMS&SLAB A2-B/B3 145.00 A2-A/B3 178.00 A3-A/B2 95.00 418.00
COL. 5 TO
2.0 COLUMNS COL. 6/B3 33.00 34.00 67.00
6/B3
RW-
3.0 RET.WALL 14.00 RW-1/B3 10.00 RW-1/B3 10.00 34.00
3&COL.4/B3
DIAPHRAGM
4.0 P9 57.00 P3 57.00 114.00
WALL
TOTAL 159.00 - 211.00 67.00 34.00 162.00 633.00
TOTAL VOLUME POURED: 633.00 CU.M

Balance to Complete - Cast in Placed Concrete
Discovery Primea Project
AS OF SEPTEMBER 06, 2010
Concrete Volume (cu.m) Cement Quantity (bags)

Cement
Description Total Poured Balance to Served Balance to
Factor Total Quantity
Volume Quantity Complete Quantity Complete
Columns and Shear Walls
27 11,884.91 1,428.50 10,456.41 320,892.44 38,569.50 282,322.94
(10,000 PSI)
Columns and Shear Walls (8,000
23 6,718.52 - 6,718.52 154,525.96 - 154,525.96
PSI)
Beams and Slabs (7,500 PSI) 22 15,138.90 2,033.50 13,105.40 333,055.80 44,737.00 288,318.80
Beams and Slabs (6,000 PSI) 19 7,595.10 - 7,595.10 144,306.90 - 144,306.90

Walls and Columns Integrated to
17 5,197.97 589.50 4,608.47 88,365.41 10,021.50 78,343.91
Wall (5,000 PSI)
Matt Foundation, Isolated
17 6,764.54 5,049.00 1,715.54 114,997.18 85,833.00 29,164.18
Footings and Pressure Slab
Bored Piles and Diaphragm Walls
15.5 1,496.90 966.00 530.90 23,201.95 14,973.00 8,228.95
(4,000 PSI)
Blinding (3,000 PSI) 11.5 75.00 73.50 1.50 862.50 845.25 17.25
Blinding (1,500 PSI) 7.5 55.75 32.00 23.75 418.13 240.00 178.13
Guide Wall (2,000 PSI) 8.5 179.20 59.00 120.20 1,523.20 501.50 1,021.70
Total 55,106.78 10,231.00 44,875.78 1,182,149.46 195,720.75 986,428.71
Percent Accomplishment 18.57% as of September 06, 2010

Project : Discovery Primea
Location : 6749 Ayala Ave., Makati City
SUBJECT : CONCRETE ACTUAL DAY/MONTH MONITORING
DESIGN STRENGTH CUMM. RUNNING ESTIMATED METHOD OF

ITEM NO. DATE STRUCTURE LOCATION TOTAL VOL.
VOL. VOL.
SUPPLIER REMARKS
1500 PSI 3000 PSI 5000 PSI 6000 PSI 7500 PSI 8000 PSI 10000 PSI POURING
90.00 7-Aug-10 RET.WALL 1 B3(GLY1/X4-X5) 8.00 8.00 8,334.50 8.00 DEECON/PREMIER C&B W/ 3CC
91.00 9-Aug-10 SW2 B3GL(Y6/X3'-X4',Y6/X5'-X6') 23.00 23.00 8,357.50 23.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
92.00 9-Aug-10 COL-6 B3(Y5/X3) 7.00 7.00 8,364.50 7.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
93.00 10-Aug-10 RET.WALL B3GL(Y1/X3-X4) 8.00 8.00 8,372.50 8.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC W/ 3CC
94.00 10-Aug-10 COL 5-6 B3GL(X3-X4/Y2;Y2-Y4'/X3) 26.00 26.00 8,398.50 26.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
12 CU.M
95.00 12-Aug-10 BEAMS&SLAB B2(GLX6'-X8/Y4-Y7') 96.00 96.00 8,494.50 96.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
W/3CC
96.00 12-Aug-10 SW5 B3GL(Y3'-Y4/X4'-X5') 18.50 18.50 8,513.00 18.50 DEECON/PREMIER PC
97.00 12-Aug-10 RET.WALL B2(X7-X8/Y1) 14.00 14.00 8,527.00 14.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC W/ 3CC
98.00 13-Aug-10 SW5 B3(X5-X6'/Y3-Y4) 22.00 22.00 8,549.00 22.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
99.00 16-Aug-10 RET-WALL/C4 B2(Y1-Y2/X8) 19.00 19.00 8,568.00 19.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC W/ 3CC
100.00 16-Aug-10 COL-5 B2(Y7'/X7-X8) 6.50 6.50 8,574.50 6.50 DEECON/PREMIER PC
12 CU.M
101.00 17-Aug-10 BEAMS&SLAB B2(Y1-Y5''/X3-X6) 174.00 174.00 8,748.50 174.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
W/3CC
102.00 17-Aug-10 SW 5 B2(GLX6'-X8/Y4-Y7') 12.00 12.00 8,760.50 12.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
103.00 18-Aug-10 RET-WALL 1 B2(GLX8/Y2-Y3') 6.00 6.00 8,766.50 6.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC W/ 3CC
104.00 19-Aug-10 RET-WALL 1/C4 B2(GLX8/Y3-Y4') 11.00 11.00 8,777.50 11.00 DEECON/PREMIER C&B W/ 3CC
105.00 19-Aug-10 SW 4 B3(X4-X5'/Y6-Y5) 38.00 38.00 8,815.50 38.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
106.00 19-Aug-10 COL 5 B2(GLX7/Y2') 7.00 7.00 8,822.50 7.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
107.00 20-Aug-10 RET-WALL 1 B2(GLX4-X6/Y1') 11.00 11.00 8,833.50 11.00 DEECON/PREMIER C&B W/ 3CC
108.00 20-Aug-10 COL 5-6 B2(GL Y3/X7-Y2/X8) 14.00 14.00 8,847.50 14.00 DEECON/PREMIER C&B
109.00 23-Aug-10 BEAMS&SLAB B2( GL X3-X6/Y5-Y7') 138.00 138.00 8,985.50 138.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
110.00 23-Aug-10 COL 5 B2( GL Y2/X6;X7/Y6) 12.50 12.50 8,998.00 12.50 DEECON/PREMIER PC
111.00 23-Aug-10 SW 5 (2ND LFT) B3GL(Y3'-Y4/X4'-X5') 13.00 13.00 9,011.00 13.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
112.00 24-Aug-10 SW 3A B2( GL Y4-Y5/X7-X8) 33.00 33.00 9,044.00 33.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
113.00 24-Aug-10 COL 5 -6 B2(Y2/X3-X6') 31.00 31.00 9,075.00 31.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
114.00 24-Aug-10 RET-WALL 1 B2(X4-X3/Y1) 9.00 9.00 9,084.00 9.00 DEECON/PREMIER C&B W/ 3CC
115.00 26-Aug-10 COL 5-6 B2(X6/Y5;Y4/X3) 13.00 13.00 9,097.00 13.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
116.00 26-Aug-10 SW2(A) B2(X6/Y6) 11.00 11.00 9,108.00 11.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
117.00 26-Aug-10 RET-WALL 1 B2GL(X8/Y5-Y7') 24.00 24.00 9,132.00 24.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC W/ 3CC
118.00 27-Aug-10 SW 5 B2GL(Y3'-Y4'/X4'-X5') 18.00 18.00 9,150.00 18.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
119.00 27-Aug-10 COL 6 B2GL(Y7/X3-X6) 22.00 22.00 9,172.00 22.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
120.00 28-Aug-10 SW 2 B2GL(Y6/X3-X4') 10.50 10.50 9,182.50 10.50 DEECON/PREMIER PC
121.00 28-Aug-10 COL 6 B2GL(Y5/X3) 6.50 6.50 9,189.00 6.50 DEECON/PREMIER PC
122.00 31-Aug-10 SW 5 B2GL(Y3-Y4/X4'-X5') 17.00 17.00 9,206.00 17.00 DEECON/PREMIER PC
RUNNING VOLUME 32.00 73.50 5,638.50 - 2,033.50 - 1,428.50 9,206.00

TOTAL (REHASHED) 130.75 - 11,962.51 7,595.10 15,138.90 6,718.52 11,884.91 53,430.69
TOTAL (BOQ) - - 12,185.50 7,037.12 15,910.07 7,548.82 13,782.88 56,464.39
VARIANCE (130.75) - 222.99 (557.98) 771.17 830.30 1,897.97 3,033.70
BALANCE 98.75 (73.50) 6,324.01 7,595.10 13,105.40 6,718.52 10,456.41 44,224.69

Honeycomb/Bug holes
Bulging concrete
Shrinkage cracking
Curling
Blistering
Pop outs
Wavy surface
Scaling
Dusting
Random cracking and crazing
Discoloration

EPOXY RESIN BINDER
- 2 Component epoxy bonding system
- used by itself as a primer or producing epoxy concrete or mortars when mixed
with aggregate
EPOXY CONCRETE
- Combination of epoxy resin binder and fine/ coarse aggregate
- used in the repair of spalling along joints or cracks, small surface spalls or
“popouts”
EPOXY MORTAR
-Combination of epoxy resin binder and fine aggregates
- used in surface repair of non-structural cracks and filling of saw kerfs
Non-pressure EPOXY GROUT

-Combination of epoxy resin binder, a mineral filler and thixotropic agent
used in cementing dowels in place and repair of non-structural cracks
•PRESSURE GROUTING EPOXY

- Low viscosity epoxy resin system pumped under pressure into structural cracks in
walls and pavements
Under loading.
Inconsistent delivery interval
Concrete acceptance
Alteration in concrete mixture
Cleanliness at site
Miscommunication (wrong
specifications delivered)
Cracking after pouring concrete.
False setting
Make a random checking of slump and
temperature
Monitor truck intervals
Monitor the volume
Establish and Monitor Vol./hr. rate
Keep an eye while samples are being
prepared, and during concrete testing.
Never let the sampler choose where to
get mixture to be prepared

Your Partner in Total Value-Engineered Construction

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Your Partner in Total Value-Engineered Construction

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“ your Partner in Total Value-Engineered Construction ”

CONCRETE - SEMINAR OUTLINE

PROPERTIES & STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

ACTUAL / SITE METHODS & OPERATIONS

PRE-CONCRETE POURING PLAN

CONCRETE PLACING/ CURING

CONCRETE CONSOLIDATION & FINISHING

REPORTS/ ISSUES AND CONCERNS