Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Poblacion, Lapuyan,
A Thesis
Pagadian City
By:
Leon, Aljay L.
Lusay, Jayper G.
October 2019
Chapter 1
Solid waste management is the collection, transport or disposal and treatment of waste
materials. It relates to materials produced to human activities, and the process generally
undertaken to endure its effects on health, the environment and aesthetics. It reduces or
eliminates adverse impacts on the environment and human health rather supports
economic development and improved the quality of life. In today’s polluted world,
learning the correct methods of handling the waste generated has become essential
All of the methods of waste prevention and waste management require public
program for the community. Awareness of solid waste management will create change
on how people look at garbage. People grew up thinking that garbage is garbage, it
should not be touched or one should not go near to it. They thought before that all types
by participation is the key for students to be involved in the waste management program
of the schools where effective and sustainable implementation of the proper waste
management practices could be achieved. Section 55-56 of Republic Act 9003 or The
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act stipulates that the national government
conduct a continuing education and information campaign on solid waste management
levels, with particular emphasis on the theories and practices of waste management
order to promote environmental awareness and action among the citizenry. Segregation
in solid waste at the point of origin in order to promote recycling and re-use of resources
and to reduce the volume of waste for collection and disposal (Article 2, Section 3, RA
9003). Ambayic et al. (2013) cited that reduction is bringing down the amount of trash
disposed by consciously buying items that generate a lot of trash. Recycling saves
landfill space and also rescues the resources that were used to make another new
product. It treats used or waste materials through a process of making them suitable for
beneficial use in a way that the original products may lose their identity. In many cases,
Reuse is the process of recovering materials intended for the same or different
purpose without the alteration of physical and chemical characteristics (Art. 2, Sec. 3,
R.A 9003). Re-using saves the energy and resources that would have been used to
make a new product and results in less products going into the rubbish bin and ending
up in landfill (Griffiths, et al. 2010). When none of the 3Rs options apply, then
responsible disposal of the waste is required. One very common irresponsible disposal
waste disposal, inefficient waste collection, lack of disposal facilities and irresponsible
attitudes of the residence are among the dominant cases in solid waste management.
The waste generated from various sources will continually lead to health hazards and
serious environmental impacts such as ground and surface contamination, flooding, air
In regards to this, this study wants to determine the level of compliance on waste
management program of the municipality. This study classifies the practices and
activities they conduct to maintain the cleanliness. The overriding question considered
is, do the residents have the knowledge about waste disposal and how they process
with the actions are making specifically in in managing the waste disposal properly. This
research has to complete formal enterprises education is limited; the research will
examining solid waste management and its proper ways of disposal. The result was
The main problem of this study is to determine the plans, activities and procedure
1.1. Recycling?
1.2. Landfills?
1.3. Incineration?
1.4. Composting?
observations at disposal sites from five divisions, focused on the way in which refuse
materials were disposed. Another study conducted in Bicol showed that the perception
of domestic waste disposal indicates that people’s attitudes about and perceptions of
Typically, local governments are responsible for the collection and disposal of the
wastes generated within their jurisdiction, as well as for the operation and maintenance
of their equipment. However, local governments usually lack the authority and
responsibilities, authority, and revenue between the national government and all the
Municipality.
The NSWMC are responsible for the collection and final disposal of solid waste
through their Waste Management Departments and their Environmental Health and
education about the importance of proper sanitation account for poor waste
management practices in Lapuyan. Other factors accounting for this situation are poor
attitudes and lack of concern about environmental issues, high levels of poverty and
waste management. It is largely the case that current legislation attends to existing
waste. Definitions emerging from this condition may, however, conflict with the goals of
waste prevention, because something that already exists cannot be prevented from
arising. When material is assigned the label of ‘waste’, it will be treated as such;
that they are not able to facilitate a sustainable waste management system.
Therefore, new, dynamic definitions for waste and waste management must be
sought, which can explain why waste is created and can offer an intrinsic solution for
the problem. In connection with the above idea, practices on proper garbage disposals
and waste management are very important to our schools, community, town and
country.
The classification of wastes varies and depends country by country. Waste can
be divided into many different types. The most common method of classification is by
their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Solid waste is broadly defined as
household organic trash, street sweepings, hospital and institutional garbage, and
construction wastes; generally sludge and human waste are regarded as a liquid waste
type of waste are the domestic or household garbage, some industrial wastes, some
mining wastes, and oil field wastes such as drill cuttings. Liquid waste. These are
usually wastewaters that contain less than 1%. This type of waste may contain high
concentration of dissolved salts and metals. Liquid wastes are often classified into two
broad types: sewage and toxic wastes. Generally, there are various types of liquid
households, hospital wastes, industrial effluents, agricultural liquid wastes and nuclear
wastes. when improperly handled and disposed of, liquid wastes pose a serious threat
to human health and the environment because of their ability to enter watersheds,
Sludge, it is a class of waste between liquid and solid. They usually contain
between 3%and 25% solid, while the rest of the material is dissolved water. Hazardous
wastes are wastes which, by themselves or after coming into contact with other wastes,
to explode, that pose a risk to human health or the environment. Hazardous wastes are
generated from a wide range of industrial, commercial, and agricultural. They may take
the form of solids, liquids or sludge, and can pose both acute and chronic public health
and environmental risks by lining and contouring the fill, compacting and planting the
uppermost cover layer, diverting drainage, and selecting proper soil in sites not subject
to flooding or high groundwater levels. The best soil for a landfill is clay because clay is
less permeable than other types of soil. Materials disposed of in a landfill can be further
secured from leakage by solidifying them in materials such as cement, fly ash from
power plants, asphalt, or organic polymers (bassis, 2005) landfills can also be shifted to
another use after their capacities have been reached. the city of evanston, illinois, built
a landfill up into a hill and the now-complete “mt. trashmore” is a ski area. golf courses
built over landfill sites are also increasingly common (montgomery, 2000).b)recycling or
the 3r’sanother method, which sets off before waste disposal is waste reduction through
recycling or often coined as the 3 r’s: reuse, reduce, and recycle. On the local or
Currently, the United States recycles about 10% of its glass and 25%of its paper
wastes; in countries such as Switzerland and the Netherlands, the proportion in the
glass recycled approaches to 50% while Japan recycles 50%of its paper wastes
(Montgomery, 2000).
Some countries, on the other hand, manage most of their solid waste through
produce steam and ash, is another waste disposal option and an alternative to land
Incinerators are designed for the destruction of wastes and are commonly
employed in developed nations who could afford the costs of the burning facilities, plus
This type of waste disposal is the second largest disposal method in most
developed countries and ranks next to landfills in the united states and the united
recovered. For years, European cities have generated electricity using waste-disposal
There are negative issues, however, in the use of this burning method and much
of that circulate around its safety for the environment and to the human health. It is
argued that the combustion process creates air pollution, ash, and waste water, all of
treatment systems. Harmful pollutants are released into the environment whenever
reducing the quantity of waste which is produced in the first place, thus reducing the
quantity of waste which must be managed. Prevention can take the form of reducing the
which may be contained in a product. Prevention can also include the reuse of products.
Prevention is the most desirable waste management option as it eliminates the need for
source of pollution.
waste at its source or results in re-use or recycling. Garbage disposal system for proper
waste management. The solid wastes we throw in our garbage bins everyday can be
classified into groups, this is called segregation. If you want to reduce, reuse and
recycle, then it would be better for you to identify those wastes that can still be used
from real garbage that needs to be thrown away. Garbage are decomposable food
wastes, these are excess foods, ingredients, etc., that are has no use for human
consumption anymore. If you have a lawn and garden, making a compost pit can be a
good way to make use of these wastes. This can be a good fertilizer for your garden
plants.
Proper waste disposal is very important in making sure that your place and
environment is free from any waste that can cause health risks. If you want a clean and
healthy environment, then you have to constantly clean your area, and put some tools
and equipment like a garbage disposal to help you in keeping that area clean and free
from harmful bacteria. One place in our house that usually accumulates smelly wastes
is our kitchen. Usually, garbage from excess food ingredients, rotten food, etc., goes
straight to your kitchen's wastes bins, but this waste bins most of the time contains all
things that cause bad odor in our kitchen. What is bad about this waste bins are that its
bad smell can spread all over your house, and that would be really unsanitary.
Bad waste disposal in our kitchen can direct the waste straight into our plumbing
system, causing a bigger trouble for you and your family. If you want to keep your house
free form the bad smell of food waste and garbage, then it would be wise for you to
Composting it is a natural process in which plant and other organic wastes are
broken down biologically to produce a nutrient-rich material. At home, put yard and
kitchen waste such as leaves, grass clippings, and fruit and vegetable scraps in a bin.
This will eventually decompose and produce a mixture that can be used for soil
improvement in individual gardens. Municipalities can treat waste in the same way.
Recycling is one of the best ways of waste management. It helps in reducing pollution,
saving natural resources and conserving energy. Recycling newspapers, plastics, glass
and aluminium also helps in saving money. Recycling other materials such as tires,
batteries, asphalt, motor oil, etc. reduces pollution (otherwise these would end up in
implement recycling at all levels of society. Burning waste in cities that do not have
enough land available for landfills, controlled burning of waste at high temperatures to
produce steam and ash is a preferred waste disposal technique. Combustion reduces
Moreover, solid waste can provide for a continuously available and alternative
source for generating energy through combustion. This energy can be channelled into
useful purposes.
This study will be one of the helping hands of the government, the students the
-LGU. This study would help the LGUs to know what practices and projects they
-RESIDENTS. This study would help them to know the proper ways of disposing
-FUTURE RESEARCHERS. This study will help them as their basis, able to
guide them in their process and an additional source for their future investigation.
Definition of Terms
For clearer understanding of this study, the following terms were defined conceptually
and operationally.
Waste – is any solid, liquid and gaseous wastes emitted by the people. It could either
Waste segregation - is the division of garbage and waste products. It is the process of
dividing garbage and waste products in an effort to reduce reuse and recycle materials.
honesty.