Detailed Lesson Plan

Grade 8

I. Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:

 Describe and cite examples of archaea;

 Describe and cite some examples of harmful and beneficial bacteria

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Domains Archaea and Bacteria

Reference: Science 8 Learner’s Module

III. Materials

 Visual Aids
 Hand-outs

IV. Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Preparatory Activities

1. Prayer

Everybody, please stand for the prayer. (The students will stand and pray)

Take your seats. (The students will sit down)

2. Greetings

Good morning, class! Good morning too, Ma’am Saikot!

How are you today? We’re doing fine ma’am.

3. Checking of Attendance

Class monitor, who are absent today? Nobody is absent ma’am.

 4. Recapitulation

Before we proceed to our topic for today

which is part of the scope of biodiversity; let’s
have a short recap on our previous lesson. Last
meeting, Ma’am Ombao had discussed the
introduction of biodiversity and the taxonomic
classification. Anyone in the class could still
remember what biodiversity is? (The students will raise their hands to answer)

Yes, very good. Biodiversity refers to the

variety of organisms living on Earth. In other
words, it is the variability among living
organisms from all sources including,
terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems
and the ecological complexes of which they are
a part.
Last meeting, it was mentioned that before
organisms were grouped into: eukaryotes, cells
having nucleus and prokaryotes, cells having
no nucleus. But today, organisms were
grouped into a three-domain system. Class, Student:
what are those? Domains Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

Yes, those are the three-domain system.

Also, early studies of organisms resulted to
only two-kingdom classification system. And
with the invention of microscope and with
more evidences gathered about the different
forms of life they came up with the six-
kingdom classification, namely:
1. Archaebacteria
2. Eubacteria
3. Protist
4. Fungi
5. Plant
6. Animal

B. Motivation

Now, I want you to talk or say anything

random for 3 seconds, anything you would like
to utter. (The students will talk)
 Class, what have you observed or what do
you think you have produced while or after
you finished talking? (The students will answer)

Yes, all of your answers are correct. But

one thing also happens when we are talking,
we also produce bacteria, it may either be good
or bad. This is because the human mouth is a
warm, wet environment and these are the
perfect conditions that some of bacteria are
looking for to survive. But, don’t you know
class that bacteria can be found everywhere not
just only in our mouth?

In relation to this, our topic for today is

about the first two domain systems of
biodiversity – the Archaea and Bacteria.

C. Lesson Proper

The domains archaea and bacteria are not

much different from one another. In fact,
archaea were initially classified as bacteria but,
it was further discovered that these two have
differences in terms of their molecular
characteristics. But before we further discuss
this, let’s us give honour to the scientists who
made big contributions in the world of
microbiology.
The existence of microscopic organisms
was discovered by two remarkable geniuses,
Robert Hooke and Antonie wan Leeuwenhoek.
In 1665, Robert Hooke discovered a ‘little
boxes” in his microscope. More precisely,
what hooke saw were the cell walls in cork
tissue. He called it as a cell, and that was the
time also he found out all living things are
made up of cells. Later, in 1674 using a
microscope with his own design, Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek was the first person to see and
describe living microorganisms, protozoa – a
single-celled microorganisms and he called
them “animalcules”.
 These important revelations were made
possible by the invention of Hooke and
Leeuwenhoek in fabricating and using simple
microscopes. After a lapse of more than 150
years, microscopy became the backbone of our
understanding of the roles of microbes.

Class, who would like to read the

definition or the description about Archaea
Domain: Kingdom Archaebacteria? (The students will raise their hands)

(Pick 1 student) (The student will read)

Yes, thank you. Archaebacteria are the

oldest organisms living on earth. They were
first discovered by Carl Woese and George E.
Fox. They are unicellular prokaryotes-
microbes with no distinct nucleus and any
other membrane-bound organelles. They live in
various places; they may be classified as
methanogens, halophiles or thermophiles.

 Methanogens – these are organisms that

can survive without oxygen. They
produce methane gas and inhabit the
digestive tracts of animals, ponds,
lakes, swamps and rice fields.
 Halophiles – they are known as salt-
loving organisms because they reside
with extraordinarily high salt levels.
 Thermophiles – they are heat-loving
organisms because they could survive
extremely hot and acidic waters.

And now, let’s proceed to Bacteria

Domain: Kingdom Eubacteria. Class, who
wants to read the definition? (The students will raise their hands)

(Pick 1 student) (The student will read)

Yes, thank you. Eubacteria is also referred

as true bacteria, are single-celled prokaryotic
microorganisms that have a range of
characteristics and are found in various
conditions throughout all parts of the world.
 They have a peptidoglycan enough to give
more strength to its cell wall. They generally
reproduce by dividing their bodies into two
equal cells known as binary fission. Many
bacteria swim by moving their appendages
called flagella.

Bacteria are classified according to shapes:

a. Cocci (sing. coccus) – rounded or
spherical. They can be:
 Diplococcus – in pairs
 Streptococcus – in chains
 Staphylococcus – in clusters
b. Bacilli (sing. bacillus) – elongated,
rod-shaped bacteria
c. Spirilla – corkscrew-like spiral

Bacteria can be both harmful and

beneficial to other organisms. Some harmful
bacteria for humans are:
 Propionibacterium acnes – when oil
glands swell and result to pimples.
 Mycobacterium tuberculosis– causes
tuberculosis.
 Leptospira interrogans - a bacterial
infection that causes leptospirosis.

And for animals:

 Bacillus anthracis – is responsible for
the disease called anthrax.
Types:
 Skin anthrax – caused by contact
with animal tissue or their products.
 Inhalation and Intestinal anthrax –
caused by inhaling pores and eating
of contaminated or undercooked
meat.

However, there are also some good

bacteria that have naturally been producing
antibiotics which help prevent and treat
bacterial infection. Examples are:
 Streptomyces griseus – bacteria that
produce Streptomycin, an antibiotic
used to treat tuberculosis and certain
 type of pneumonia.
 Streptomyces venezuelae – produces
Chlorampenicol, an antibiotic used in
killing bacteria that cause typhoid
fever and skin infection.

On the other hand, these are the beneficial

bacteria:
 Escherichia coli – they provide the
much needed vitamin B12 that
otherwise the body cannot produce.
 Lactobacilli bulgarius and
Streptococcus thermophiles – they are
lactic acid bacteria group involved in
making sour milk or yogurt.
 Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Acinetobacter baumanii, Paenibacillus
thiaminolyticus, Bordetella
bronchiseptica and Lysinibacillus
sphaericus – these are oil-eating
bacteria that are able to breakdowm
pollutants through the process of
bioremediation.
 Cyanobacteria – have chlorophyll-
containing cells.
o Tab-tab (Nostoc)
o Single Cell Protein – used as swine and
cattle feed and also for humans.
o Anabella azollae – converts nitrogen in
air into compounds usable by plants for
growth and development.
 Bacillus thuringiensis – microbial
pesticide.

V. Assessment

Get ½ sheet of paper and answer the ff. questions. I will only read the questions twice,
and so, everyone should be attentive.

1-2: Describe Archaebacteria at least 2 characteristics.

3-4: Describe Bacteria at least 2 characteristics.
5: Who was the first scientist to see living microorganisms?
6-7: Differentiate prokaryotes from eukaryotes
8: It refers to the substances that can prevent and treat bacterial infection.
 9: They are beneficial bacteria that are normally found in the large intestine of humans
which provide much needed vitamin B12.
10: They are known as salt-loving organisms because they reside with extraordinarily
high salt levels.

VI. Assignment

Read in advance about the Kingdoms Protista and Fungi. Refer to your hand-outs and
prepare for an oral recitation.