CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of The-1

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division Office of Cagayan
Rebecca National High School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Rebecca, Gonzaga, Cagayan
School ID: 341930
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Tubli (Derris Elliptica Benth) is a poisonous vine that has a branches covered
with brown hairs. Leaves are pinnate and 30 to 50 centimeters long, leaflets are usually
oblong, 9 to 13, when matured smooth above, and silky beneath, 10 to 15 centimeters
long, and about half as broad. Pods are 5 to 8 centimeters long and contain 1 to 3 seeds,
flat and reniform, olive, brown or black. Since early times, the root has been used as fish
poison in the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies, and the Malay Peninsula. The root of a
leguminous plant locally called "Tubli" has been found effective in eliminating fish
predators and competitors. Tubli’s roots contain rotenone, a slow acting
poison which is highly toxic to insects but relatively non-toxic to plants
and animals. Rotenone is degraded when exposed to sunlight and has
a half-life of only one to three days, thus posing a very low
environmental hazard. This is known to be used as fish poison, as
traditionally done here in Philippines, but this is not legal because it
kills the big fishes and their offspring. Tubli is poison to cold blooded
creatures like insect insects like insects and marine organisms.
The rapid increase of using chemical insecticide is getting worse. It can cause
soil pollution and can destroy natural properties. The researchers found a plant that is
used in catching fish. Fishermen use it as a substitute to the chemical substance called
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“alkampor”. It is for the reason that the study of lethal effectiveness of “Tubli Vine” on
insects is undertaken. It is hoped that the outcome of this study will help the society
problems about insects. Likewise, it suggests opportunity for everyone to plant this,
especially the farmers who has a rice field, since this is organic.
Tubli Vine contains rotenone which causes the suffocation of
fishes when applied in ponds but does not affect shrimps, according to
the Los Baños-based Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine
Research and Development (PCAMRD). As stated by Dr. Naigan, Tubli
root extracts can be a very economical alternative to commercial
acaricides, which, although effective, often cause side effects. With
Tubli root extracts, he said, one can save up to 80% from treatment
cost without causing hazard to health and environment. “Because of
the environmental hazards and import constraints for insecticides,
there is a need for a safer and more practical alternative,” Guerrero
(2010) said. “Tubli is feasible under local conditions because of its
availability, practicality and safe features.” he added.
An organic insecticide will be very helpful to the society especially to the
farmers who have a real-time problem about insects that could harm their crops. These
workers purchase commonly chemical insecticide in order to abolish insects in their rice
fields, hoping to have a better harvest, not considering the effects of it to the nature. If
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School ID: 341930
the botanical insecticide will be utilized by these men, they will be able to earn more
money on their pockets and at the same time protects natural properties.
Tubli Vine can be a potential insecticide. Organizations such as Department of
Science and Technology (DOST) will be needed to know the components and the
content of it that makes it as a possible form of insecticide. This study will provide a
great contribution in the field of agriculture, to the environment and also to the field of
science. Considering its potential as an organic insecticide, the Tubli vine can be very
helpful to the mentioned fields. Through it the emission of harmful chemicals can be
reduced – if it is made as a medium of killing insects.
Insecticides had become one of the major expenses of
farmers .But lately, the harmful effects of inorganic pesticides to the
environment, humans, and livestock prompted various countries
worldwide had become worse. Because of this people look for
alternative replacements that are more environment-friendly and less
harmful. The shift from chemical pesticides to botanical pesticides is
now gaining popularity. It promotes balanced and self-regulated
agricultural systems. It is also less harmful to the environment,
humans, and livestock and cost less to the farmers. This study will be
a big help to the farmers because this root of the Tubli Vine extract will
help them to eradicate harmful insects on their rice fields that might
destroy their rice fields and this will lessen their production cost. This
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will also a big help to the future researchers because this can be their
guide or basis in doing their researches.
Statement of the Problem
This study deals on the feasibility of Tubli Vine as an insecticide. Further it seeks
to answer the following questions:
1. What is the chemical component of Tubli vine as a potential form of insecticide?
2. How will the Tubli vine be processed as an insecticide?
3. How effective is the Tubli vine on insects?
Statement of the Objectives
To create an organic insecticide out of the extract of the “Tubli Vine” is the
general objective of the study.
It specifically aims to:
1. Produce organic insecticide out of “Tubli Vine” extract.
2. Determine the effects of “Tubli Vine” extract to insects.
3. Encourage the society specially the farmers to use an organic insecticide through
Tubli Vine extract.
Hypotheses
1. There is no significant effect of the Tubli Vine extract to eliminate selected insects.
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2. There is no significant product upon processing the Tubli Vine extract as an organic
insecticide.
Conceptual Framework
The chemical components of Tubli Vine when processed is a potential source to
kill insects. When treated carefully to the samples, this experimentation will create the
organic product that its beneficiaries will gain.
Even today, the problem on many insects that destroys agriculture is still rampant
plants. Though many technology-based produced insecticides are present in the market,
it is still not enough to totally eliminate insects in the field. Moreover, farmers will have
much of expenses to buy these products.
To test, the tubli vines shall be extracted and sprayed on selected plant insects. Its
effectiveness shall be measured based on quality and quantity to eliminate the samples.
Research Paradigm
 Roots of the Tubli Vine Extract

 Insects
• Prepare the Materials needed

• Extraction of the roots of Tubli Vine to
produce its potential component
• Treatment to insects
• Effectiveness of the root of the

Tubli Vine Extract as an Organic
Insecticide
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Figure 1: The Test on Tubli Vine Extract as an Organic Insecticide
Significance of the Study
To the farmers, to lessen their problems on insects and the money spent on
insecticides also, to increase their harvest.
To the Department of Agriculture, this study will be very helpful for them to
initiate the massive production of tubli vine as an organic insecticide. When proven
effective, this will become yield to better crop production to improve the quality of life.
To the society, this study will help them on eradicating insects using the “Tubli
Vine” as an organic insecticide.
To the researchers, this research will serve as a new source of technological
innovation that will entirely benefit the community. When considered effective, they will
be able to realize how the tubli vine works not only as insecticide but on other purposes.
Definition of Terms
To have a clearer understanding about the study, the following terms are used in this
study;
Tubli vine – scientifically known as derris elliptica benth, a vine that has a
poisonous substance, an alternative for chemical insecticide.
Extraction- the act or process of getting the substance of a plant.
Pesticide- an agent to destroy insects.
Poison- a substance that through its chemical action usually kills, injures, or
impairs an organism.
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Pinnate- resembling a feather especially in having similar parts arranged on
opposite sides of an axis.
Lethal- gravely damaging or destructive or very potent or effective.
Leguminous- of resembling, relating to the legume family.
Rat- differing from the related mice especially by considerably larger size.
Alkampor- chemical substance that is use in fishing.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study is conducted to create an organic insecticide on selected insects. The
researchers shall acquire the “tubli vine” in the mountainous area of Sta. Clara,
Gonzaga, Cagayan. The laboratory ground will be at Rebecca National High School for
the School Year 2017-2018. It will be tested to selected insects for experimentation.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
History
With an ancient reputation, in Southeast Asia, it is popular as a
fish killer. It has been used to eliminate the deadly piranha in Brazilian
rivers. Today, it is used to kill predators like mudfish and gourami or
trash fish in fish and prawn ponds. It is sold under brand names like
Fishtox, Noxfish and Pronoxfish.
The insecticidal properties of Derris roots were first discovered
in 1848 and the plant was first used against the nutmeg caterpillar.
Derris was patented for use as an insecticide in England during the
late 19th century. American farmers started using it in 1911. By 1940,
the United States was importing 2,700 metric tons of Derris roots
mainly from Southeast Asia to formulate pesticides. In 1975, it
imported 1.7 million kilograms of Derris roots from South America and
Africa. The market can only expand because of the escalating cost of
synthetic pesticides and their ill-effects on the environment.
Today, there are more than 50 Derris-based commercial
pesticide formulations. Most of these are used to kill insects and
unwanted fish. These include Rotenox 5 WP, Rotenone 5EC and
Noxfire 5EC.
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Tubli and its components
According to Affleap (2010), Tubli (Derris Elliptica Benth)
contains rotenone, a chemical that is toxic to insects and fish.
Rotenone inhibits the respiratory process in the gills of fish. The use of
rotenone is to eliminate freshwater bodies of wild and stunted fish
populations is common in the United States. In the Philippines, dried
and powdered tubli root offers a safer alternative to costly chemical
pesticides in eliminating fish predators and competitors in brackish
water fishpond. In a test pond, 10 and 20 parts per million (ppm) of
tubli fine root powder has been proven effective in killing unwanted
species of fish and crustaceans in fishponds. It has been found to be
toxic to 14 species of fish but is tolerated by prawns up to 30 ppm. It
has been used by some fishpond operators in the treatment of their
fishponds.
“For lack of a better alternative, local fishpond operators have
traditionally used insecticides and spooning from teased cake in pond
management but these are imported and expensive,” said Dr. Rafael
Guerrero, director of the Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine
Research and Development (PCAMRD). Guerrero and colleagues at
PCAMRD looked at the proper concentrations of tubli that is more
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suitable for local conditions. They found that fish exposed to the fine
root powder at 10 and 20 ppm died faster than those treated with
coarse powder at the same concentrations. “Because of the
environmental hazards and import constraints for insecticides and
teased cake, there is a need for a safer and more practical
alternative,” Guerrero said. “Tubli is feasible under local conditions
because of its availability, practicality and safe features.” he added. In
Albay, Tubli roots were dried and chopped into 2 centimeter pieces
and oven dried at 60 degrees centigrade and ground in a laboratory
pulverize. Coarse powder was produced using no. 15 sieve and for fine
powder using no. 40 sieve. In a 200 square meter earthen fishpond a
total of 200 grams of tubli root fine powder is required in the
treatment of the pond. The tubli roots powder for fish control in ponds
was recently presented by PCAMRD, it was funded by the Philippine
Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and
Development (PCARRD), Department of Science and Technology
(DOST).
Derris elliptica Benth was observed to have high correlation of
esterases and monoxygenases enzymatic activity and mortality rate
when the plant extract is applied to a diamond back larvae (Plutella
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xylostella). The tubli extracts significantly lowered the number of
larvae in the field. (Visetson, S. & Milne, M., 2001) The sap,
combined with Antiaris toxocaria, used in BorneoÂ as an ingredient of
the Kayan dart and arrow poison or blow-dart poison for hunting.
Analyses showed that the natural rotenone crystallized for the
first time from Derris trifoliata in Vietnam offered its purity met the
international standard. These evidences indicate that rotenone can be
used and it possibly replaces chemical pesticides in crop protection
and aquaculture (shrimp culture) to obtain cleaner vegetable, and
shrimp to meet the demand of sustainable agriculture in the future in
Vietnam. (Phan Phuoc Hien et al, 2003).
The physical look of a Tubli Vine (Derris Elliptica Benth)
Tubli is a rambling climber, with branches covered with brown
hairs. Leaves are pinnate and 30 to 50 centimeters long. Leaflets are
usually oblong, 9 to 13, when matured smooth above, and
subglaucous and silky beneath, 10 to 15 centimeters long, and about
half as broad. Racemes are lax, 15 to 30 centimeters in length, with
reddish flowers in stalked clusters. Pods are 5 to 8 centimeters long
and contain 1 to 3 seeds, flat and reniform, olive, brown or black.
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Cultivation and Uses
Applied as a powder or spray, Derris is toxic to a wide range of
insect pests of human beings, domesticated animals, and agricultural
crops. It is very effective against aphids, beetles, borers, the diamond
black moth, fruitflies, thrips, cabbage worms, fleas, fleabeetles, lice,
loopers, mites, mosquitoes, paylids, slugs, and others. It is
recommended for bush and vine crops, citrus, deciduous fruits,
mushrooms, asparagus, beans, beets, corn, forage crops, peas,
potato, radish, strawberry and other vegetables. Corn, tobacco and
mango farmers, who keep backyard plantings of Derris, simply dig out
some Derris roots in their backyard, crush or grind these in water, and
then spray the crude extract against pests.
Dr. Naigan (2008) stated that, tubli root extracts can be a very economical
alternative to commercial acaricides which, although effective, often cause side effects.
With tubli root extracts, he said, one can save up to 80% from treatment cost without
causing hazard to health and environment.
As a major external parasite of tropical cattle and livestock animals, cattle tick
can cause loss of blood and tick fever. Severe infestation can be fatal to calves and even
to adult cattle. A cattle that has been infected also produces inferior hide due to tick
damage which gives an unmarketable appearance and texture.
Tubli Vine Description

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Derris is popular as an insecticide because it is safe to human
while toxic to target pests. In fact, a farmer can spray Derris root
extracts on a salad vegetable like cabbage today and sell the produce
tomorrow without endangering the health of consumers.
Derris root extracts easily and rapidly detoxify in our gastric juices and
when exposed to the environment. Its control action lasts for a week.
Thus, it does not pollute the environment; nor does it accumulate in
the food chain like the persistent synthetic insecticides.
Despite its widespread use for 140 years, reports of insect
resistance or the development of immunity to Derris is rare. This is in
stark contrast to the synthetic pyrethroids to which insects become
resistant after only two to three seasons of continued use. A farmer
can use extracts as dust or crude water extract without using costly or
complicated extraction procedures. They usually mix or dilute a
concentration of 50 to 100 grams of fresh roots in 16 liters of water.
The dilution rate at which the pests control material is effective is one
part of root extract.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This experimental design uses Tubli Vine and insects as subject of the study.
Which are studied previously, but the following different treatments are applied to
determine its feasibility on insects and also to acquire new knowledge about the said
Vine.
Treatments Amount of Amount of Water Time

Extracted Tubli that will be Mix in
Vine The Extracted
Tubli Vine
Mosquito
T-1 ¼ teaspoon ¼ cup 3 minutes
T-2 ½ teaspoon ¼ cup 3 minutes
T-3 1 teaspoon ¼ cup 3 minutes
Dangaw
Worm
Research Environment
The Derris eliptica benth were collected at Sta. Clara, Gonzaga,
Cagayan and in Callao, Gonzaga, Cagayan. The entire experiment was conducted
at the premises of Rebecca National High School. The acceptability of the test
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was conducted with the participation of the researchers and the adviser of this
study.
Materials and Equipments
The different materials are used in extracting the root of Derris eliptica benth to
be processed as an organic insecticide are:
 Mortar and pestle- was used to get the extract of the root of the Tubli
Vine.
 Strainer- was used to separate the extract of the Tubli Vine from the
other particles that was not needed in the experimentation.

 Measuring cups- was used to measure the water needed.
 Measuring spoon- was used to measure the amount of the Tubli Vine
root extract needed in the experiment.

 Cages- was used to cage the selected insects namely, mosquito, dangaw,
and worms in order for them not to go away.

 Bottle- was used to put the extracted juice of the root of the Tubli Vine.
 Gloves and surgical masks- was used to protect the researchers from the
unexpected danger that might happen.
Procedures
D1. Gathering of Materials
The different materials were gathered at the researchers school Rebecca
National High School at Rebecca, Gonzaga, Cagayan.

D2. Preparation of Materials
Roots of Derris eliptica benth were collected at Sta. Clara and Callao,
Gonzaga, Cagayan. 5 ¼ teaspoon were weighted and the dirt is removed.
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D3. Extraction of the Roots of the Tubli Vine

The roots were pounded through the use of mortar and pestle. The extract
of the Tubli Vine were strained using a strainer to separate the extract of the
Tubli Vine and the unwanted particles or dirt. Obtained extract of the Tubli Vine
were put in a clean bottle for the experimentation.

D5. Antimicrobial Assay Procedure
D5.1 Preparation of Tubli Vine Extracts
Pounded roots of the Tubli Vine were cleaned trough running water to
remove the dirt of the roots. After that, the researchers dried the Roots of the
Tubli Vine by placing it under the sun in 10 minutes.
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CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
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CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
19

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of The-1

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of The-1

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Republic of the Philippines

Background of the Study

predators and competitors. Tubli’s roots contain rotenone, a slow acting

poison which is highly toxic to insects but relatively non-toxic to plants

and animals. Rotenone is degraded when exposed to sunlight and has

a half-life of only one to three days, thus posing a very low

environmental hazard. This is known to be used as fish poison, as

traditionally done here in Philippines, but this is not legal because it

creatures like insect insects like insects and marine organisms.

Tubli Vine contains rotenone which causes the suffocation of

the Los Baños-based Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine

Research and Development (PCAMRD). As stated by Dr. Naigan, Tubli

root extracts can be a very economical alternative to commercial

acaricides, which, although effective, often cause side effects. With

cost without causing hazard to health and environment. “Because of

the environmental hazards and import constraints for insecticides,

there is a need for a safer and more practical alternative,” Guerrero

(2010) said. “Tubli is feasible under local conditions because of its

availability, practicality and safe features.” he added.

An organic insecticide will be very helpful to the society especially to the

Tubli Vine can be a potential insecticide. Organizations such as Department of

reduced – if it is made as a medium of killing insects.

Insecticides had become one of the major expenses of

farmers .But lately, the harmful effects of inorganic pesticides to the

environment, humans, and livestock prompted various countries

worldwide had become worse. Because of this people look for

alternative replacements that are more environment-friendly and less

harmful. The shift from chemical pesticides to botanical pesticides is

now gaining popularity. It promotes balanced and self-regulated

agricultural systems. It is also less harmful to the environment,

guide or basis in doing their researches.

Statement of the Problem

to answer the following questions:

1. What is the chemical component of Tubli vine as a potential form of insecticide?

2. How will the Tubli vine be processed as an insecticide?

3. How effective is the Tubli vine on insects?

Statement of the Objectives

general objective of the study.

It specifically aims to:

1. Produce organic insecticide out of “Tubli Vine” extract.

2. Determine the effects of “Tubli Vine” extract to insects.

Tubli Vine extract.

The chemical components of Tubli Vine when processed is a potential source to

organic product that its beneficiaries will gain.

much of expenses to buy these products.

 Roots of the Tubli Vine Extract

• Prepare the Materials needed

• Effectiveness of the root of the

Figure 1: The Test on Tubli Vine Extract as an Organic Insecticide

Significance of the Study

insecticides also, to increase their harvest.

Vine” as an organic insecticide.

To the researchers, this research will serve as a new source of technological

poisonous substance, an alternative for chemical insecticide.

Extraction- the act or process of getting the substance of a plant.

Pesticide- an agent to destroy insects.

Pinnate- resembling a feather especially in having similar parts arranged on

opposite sides of an axis.

Lethal- gravely damaging or destructive or very potent or effective.

Leguminous- of resembling, relating to the legume family.

Alkampor- chemical substance that is use in fishing.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study