Civic Center PDF

DELHI CIVIC CENTRE B.
ARCH II YR 2012-2013
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 CIVIC CENTRE
A civic center is a prominent land area within a community that is constructed to be its focal
point or center. It usually contains one or more dominant public buildings, which may also
include a government building. The building complex may contain a municipality's
administrative offices, various departmental headquarters, courts, etc., and sometimes an
auditorium, libraries, or other community or cultural facilities.1
Examples of civic centre:
Fig 1 Marin Civic Centre California by Frank Lloyd Wright
Fig.2 Cumberland County Civic Center Portland by E. Crawley Cooper
1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_center
ANUSHA ROY, F/O ARCHITECTURE AND EKISTICS JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI 25 Page 1
DELHI CIVIC CENTRE B.ARCH II YR 2012-2013
Fig.3 Civic Centre San Francisco by Daniel Burnham
Fig.4 Millennium Park Chicago
1.2 RATIONALE FOR SELECTION:

I choose Delhi Civic Center as my dissertation topic as the complex stands out as a perfect
example of the contemporary architecture. Though it is a corporate office still it provides
recreational zone for the people. The site has multifarious adjacencies with varied activities
giving a scope for better learning.
1.3 AIM:
To understand the functions to be performed and environment to be generated in a civic
Centre.
1.4 OBJECTIVE:
Analyzing the areas given for each of the zones in the building and study of cultural block in
terms of designing.
1.5 METHODOLOGY:
THE CIVIC CENTRE
DATA COLLECTION
PRIMARY SOURCE SECONDARY SOURCE
SITE SURVEYS ONLINE RESEARCH
FACE TO FACE INTERVIEW BOOKS
ANALYSIS
LIMITATION OF THE SITE CONCLUSION
1.6 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK:
OBJECTIVE HOW TO ACHIEVE IT REFERNCE

Zoning Visiting the site Self-observation
Traffic movement Visiting the site Self-observation
Building form Photographs , discussions Self-observation
with architects
Analyzing the cultural block Discussion with architect Self-observation
1.7 SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS:

SCOPES: Zoning, Services, Site planning, Area analysis
LIMITATIONS: Detailing of the planning as the site is a commercial complex.
2. LITERATURE STUDY
2.1 INTRODUCTION:
Civic centre is a grouping of municipal facilities in a limited precinct often adjacent to the
central business district of a city. The civic center is based on both the Greek acropolis and the
Roman forum. The plan includes the city hall and adjoining park or plaza, headquarters for city
departments, courthouses, and often a post office, public-utility offices, public health facilities,
and government offices.
IDEAL LOCATION OF A CIVIC CENTRE:

The civic centre should be located at the hub of any city so that it becomes a focal point of the
city from where all the other activities are linked.
2.2 REQURIMENTS OF A CIVIC CENTRE :

The size of the city served determines the range and number of the municipal services required,
which, in turn, determine the size of the site. The program for a small civic centre includes a city
hall, headquarters for police, fire, and welfare departments, courtrooms, post office, and
possibly the central library. A large city will require public utility offices, public health facilities,
and office space for county, state, and national government functions as well. It is also
desirable to include parkland or at least open space in the plan. It should have sufficient parking
space and recreational zone to be accessed by the general public.
2.3 DISTRIBUTION OF AREA:
DELIBRATIVE
BLOCK
20%
EXECUTIVE WING
50%
CULTURAL BLOCK
30%
Chart 1 DISTRIBUTION OF THE TOTAL BUILT UP AREA
(Source: talks with architect)
2.4 REQUIREMENTS OF A CULTURAL BLOCK:
 Well-equipped modern library

 Museum
 Restaurant
 Auditorium
 Art gallery
 Cafeteria
 Atm
2.5 REGULATIONS OF CULTURAL BLOCK2:

Egress:
The means of egress shall have a ceiling height of not less than 2.4M
Walking surfaces as means of egress shall have a slip resistant surface and be securely attached.
The path of egress travel along a means of egress shall not be interrupted by any building
element.
Elevators, escalators and moving walks shall not be used as a component of a required means
of egress from any other part of the building.
Travel distance between exits <=30M
Accessibility:
Physical disability access to site/building

At least one accessibility route connecting all buildings on the site.
2
International building code 2009
3. CASE STUDY: CIVIC CENTRE

INTRODUCTION
The Civic Centre is a complex of multistoried buildings, which comprises of four six-storey
building blocks and one 28-storey tower block.
The complex is functionally segregated into distinct zone of institutional and commercial office
activity with about 50 % of the space designated for institutional activity and 50 % of the space
designated for commercial activity.
The institutional activity of the complex includes offices of MCD. The legislative
and executive wing of the top hierarchy of MCD occupies two of the six storey and half of
the twcnty-eight storey tower block. Commercial office and cultural activities is on the
remaining area.
One six-storey block host different cultural activities and the reminder floor space; half of the
twenty eight-storey blocks and one six-storey block is available as commercial area.
The cultural block incorporates a 1000 seater auditorium, a 1,20,000 volume library, 2000 sq.m
of art gallery, a museums and a 1500 person capacity banquet hall. Areas for restaurants,
banks, communication center, travel agencies and other support services has been provided
within the complex.
The average area of the typical floor in multistoried block is approximately 2800 sq. m and that
of a six-storey block is approximately 1000 sq. m. The configuration of the floor space permits
use of one consolidated space or partition into smaller modules. The floors are so configured
that accessibility to the circulation core is never more than 25 m of walking distance. The
circulation cores have adequate toilets, requisite fire escapes. The maximum wall-to-wall depth
is 20 m in the six storey blocks and 18 m in the tower block to ensures adequate daylight and
minimize artificial lighting need.
To ensure that the complex remains alive after non-working hours, commercial,
Entertainment and community facilities form a part of the complex. Building is further planned
to segregate vehicular and pedestrian traffic, as well as business and casual traffic through
landscaping and traffic planning. The complex offers parking spaces for 2500 vehicles
distributed in three level basement-parking zones with adequate entry point and spacious bays.
Along with the proper building concept and emphasis on the energy conservation, the complex
has been planned as a non-handicapping, barrier free environment, with special arrangement
for physically disabled.
The need for the project arises with the declaration of the old town hall building at Chandni
Chowk as heritage building. The new Civic Centre was planned to accommodate the existing
staff and to cater to the increasing requirement of MCD.
Fig.5 VIEW OF CIVIC CENTRE
Fig.6 VIEW OF A BLOCK OF CIVIC CENTRE
Fig.7 COVERING OVER THE BASEMENT Fig.7 THE CULTURAL BLOCK
Fig.8 HARD LANDSCAPING Fig.9 HARD LANDSCAPING
Fig.10 SOFT LANDSCAPING Fig.11 SOFT LANDSCAPING
Fig.13 THE OLD MCD BUILDING TOWNHALL CHANDANI CHOCK
Fig.14 FRONT VIEW OF TOWN HALL
3.1 SITE LOCATION AND DISCRIPTION:

The Civic Centre is located in New Delhi, at the intersection of Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg and
Minto road, opposite to Delhi Stock Exchange building.
Fig.15 LOCATION
Fig.16 CONTEXT PLAN3
3
Source: EIA executive summary civic centre New Delhi
Map 1 SITE PLAN
The site is bounded on the 4 side s up in the immediate vicinity by the following:
East: The eastern fringe of the site is bounded by Waqf board land and M.T.N.L. building
adjacent to the Waqf board land. G. B. Pant hospital, Zakir Hussain College and LNJP Narain
hospital are other major sensitive receptors in a range of 500 to 700 m from the site. River
Yamuna is at a distance of 3 km from the site in eastern direction.
Fig.17 MTNL BUILDING Fig.18 LNJP HOSPITAL
Fig.19 G.T PANT HOSPITAL Fig.20 ZAKIR HUSSAIN COLLEGE
West: Vivekananda road (Minto road) is towards the west of the site. New Delhi Railway Station
(750 m), Police station (l00 m) and MCD Dispensary (200 m) are other sensitive receptors in
western direction. Delhi Ridge is at a distance of 2.5 kilometer from the site in western
direction.
Fig.21 NEW DELHI RAILWAY STATION
North: Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg runs along the northern boundary of the site. Ram Lila Ground
and wholesale markets of Old Delhi are further North at a distance of about 3 km from the site.
Fig.22 WHOLE SALE MARKET OF OLD DELHI
South: In the immediate vicinity of the site in southern direction is CPWD hostel, Tagore
hostels and Press enclave. Institutional area of ITO, which houses important offices as
World Health Organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian Standards, Delhi Development
Authority (DDA), Income Tax Offices. Sale Tax Office is in the radius of 2 Km from the site.
Cultural hub comprising of Lalit Kala Academy. Mandi House. Sri Ram Centre, FICCI (Federation
of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry) Auditorium is other important landmarks on
the southern side of the site.
Fig.23 CPWD HOSTEL Fig.24 BIS BUILDING
3.2) ZONING:
Map 2 ZONING
3.3) CLIMATE:
Map 3 SUN PATH AND WIND DIAGRAM
Table 1 AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF DELHI4
3.4 TRAFFIC AND MOVEMENT:
Map 4 TRAFFIC NEAR THE SITE
4
http://www.delhicapital.com/about-delhi/climate.html
Map 5 MOVEMENT NEAR THE SITE
The uncontrolled and ill planned growth of urban centers has resulted in a number of problems
like traffic congestion, shortages of water and electricity, deteriorating environment and public
health. The growing cities have generated the high levels of demand for travel by motor
vehicles in the cities. To match the increasing travel demand commensurate efforts have not
been made to develop the mass transport systems.5
Based on the rate of increase in the number of trips between 1981 and 2001, it is estimated
that the total trips would rise to 280 lakh by the year 2021, including 257 lakh motorized trips
and 23 lakh non-motorized trips. In this context, it needs to be noted that roads already occupy
21 percent of the total area of the city, which clearly limits the potential for increase in road
length6.
Apart from the problems and requirements of transportation at the macro level, there are
special problems in specific areas, particularly the old city, which deserve special attention.
Special requirements will also arise from the mega events such as the Commonwealth Games.6
The major source of traffic around the site is the New Delhi railway Station. It handles an
average of 350,000 passengers and 276 trains a day, is built on 87 hectares of land in the heart
of the Capital’s business district.
5 Traffic Characteristics Of India, Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 5, pp.
1009 - 1024, 2005
6
Delhi Master Plan 2021
Due to these high numbers the major roads surrounding the sites are always congested leading
to some diversion on the arterial roads from the railway terminal to the site. This causes
pressure on the arterial roads leading to their degradation because these roads are not
designed to experience such traffic volume. Moreover the plots along these arterial roads
mostly have mixed land use-residential with commercial. So they have a distinct nature of their
own, but the extra traffic creates problems. The modes of transport majorly used here are
mostly public transport-bus, auto, metrorail, taxi( due to the railway station), followed by
private vehicles-2 wheelers/4 wheelers and light pedestrian movement along the arterial roads.
3.5 PLANNING:
The architect Mr. Shirish Malpani has designed the building to meet the requirement for which
the building has be designed and with respect to the surrounding.
There are three levels of basement parking for parking 2500 vehicles at one time with an area
of about 70000sqm. F.A.R - 148.38 (permissible F.A.R-150)
Map 6 SITE PLAN
Map 7 BASEMENT PL ANNING
Map 8 GROUND FLOOR
Map 9 FIRST FLOOR
Map 10 SECOND FLOOR
Map 11THIRD FLOOR
3.6 ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER OF THE BUILDING:
The building is divided into 2 parts:

a) 28 storey semi circular complex
b) Four 6 storey building
The building gives a very aesthetic look having a circular block, some rectangular block,
landscaping and the simple yet elegant façade treatment.
The six storey buildings are constructed in the east, west and south direction. There is no
building on the north. It has projected windows having louvers for ventilation.
Fire fighting and detecting system has been provided in the complex.
Mechanical ventilation has been provided in the parking area, pantry and toilets.
Presently the building the tallest building in delhi which again is the architectural achievement
to the building.
3.7 BUILDING SYSTEMS:
3.7.1 Water Supply and Sewage System

City water supply from Delhi Jal Board (018) would be the major source of water to the
Complex. Two separate connections would be provided, one for MCD and other for the
28 remaining complex. Tube wells would be developed as an alternate water sources and for
other uses like air conditioning etc. Water from tube well feeds the raw water .
3.7.2 HVAC and Building Automation System

The building would be fitted with a central air conditioning system using water cooled
centrifugal chillers to provide summer / monsoon cooling and winter heating. The salient
feature of the HVAC system design include optimization of power demand by installation of
Energy Recovery Wheel (ERW) in the fresh air system, to reduce the refrigeration load by 80%,
this in turn will also reduce the air conditioning plant load by 12 -15%.
The design also envisaged mechanical ventilation for the car parking area, toilets, pantry, and
plant room and other similar areas. Mechanical ventilation for basement involves 10 air
changes per hour and in case of fire, same would be increased to 30 air changes per
3.7.3 Captive Power Generation

Captive power generation units will be provided for the emergency back-up power
requirement. Captive power generation is proposed to be provided for 50 % of the total
power requirement. The air conditioning system shuts down in case of power failure. Captive
power generation unit include 6 numbers 1500 KVA and 2 numbers 750 KVA DG set for the
complex.
Fig.25 CHILLERS Fig.26 HVAC ELECTRICAL PANNEL
Fig.27 COOLING TOWER Fig.28 CONDENSER WATER PUMP
3.8 AREA ANALYSIS:

PLOT AREA 11.54 ACRES
TOTAL COVERED AREA 116755sqm
BUILT UP AREA 10973.97sqm
COMMERCIAL AREA 58377.5sqm
INSTITUTIONAL AREA 58377.5sqm
NO.OF FLOORS 28
GREEN AREA 27855.98sqm
PARKING CAPACITY 2500 VEHICLES
ROAD 7872.23sqm
AUDITORIUM CAPACITY 1000 SEATING
LIBRARY 120000 VOLUMES
ART GALLERY 2000sqm
BANQUET HALL 1500 PERSONS
Table 2 AREA ANALYSIS
BUILT UP AREA
23%
GREEN AREA ROADS

60% 17%
Chart 2 TOTAL AREA DISRIBUTION
3.9 CULTURAL BLOCK

Library: 30000 sq.ft
(shelving, reading, other support spaces)
Auditorium: 7000 sq.ft
Art galleries: 21530 sq ft
Banquet halls: 20,250 sq ft
Open event areas: 25,000 sq ft
Support offices
Toilets
Service areas
Fig.29 THE CULTURAL BLOCK
Map 12 AUDITORIUM AND CULTURAL BLOCK OF THE CIVIC CENTRE
Six-storey block host different cultural activities .The cultural block incorporates a 1000 seater
auditorium, a 1,20,000 volume library, 2000 sq.m of art gallery, a museums and a 1500 person
capacity banquet hall. Areas for restaurants, banks, communication center, travel agencies and
other support services has been provided within the complex.
The average of a six-storey block is approximately 1000 sq. m. The configuration of the floor
space permits use of one consolidated space or partition into smaller modules. The floors are so
configured that accessibility to the circulation core is never more than 25 m of walking distance.
The circulation cores have adequate toilets, requisite fire escapes. The maximum wall-to-wall
depthis 20 m in the six storey to ensures adequate daylight and minimize artificial lighting need.
Map 13 PLAN OF THE CULTURAL BLOCK OF CIVIC CENTRE
The architect wanted his cultural block to look different from the rest of the blocks to
create an interaction with the general pulic. The cultual block is a six a six storey building
consisting of library, banquet hall,art gallery and museums. It is only through this block
that a person is not able to view the ram lila maidan to make the vistor intract with the
spaces inside.
Map 14 PLAN AND SECTION OF AUDITORIUM
3.10 SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE BUILDING:

According to the MCD officials nearly 11000 people visit the building during the peak hour due
to its proximity with the heart of delhi ,i.e, cannought place. Due to its aesthetic appearance
and height it attaracts the public toward itself.
The roads surrounding the building has been widened to allow a smooth passage of the traffic.
4. CONCLUSIONS
4.1. SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS:
 The location of the site is optimum as it is connected to various sectors of the society.
 Easily accesible.
 Due to its height, it attarcts people towards itself.
 Since the built up area is less compared to the green area there are chances of future
expansion for any cultural activity.
 Lots of green area on the site.
 Managed parking system (ECS/100sqm-3)
WEAKNESS:
 A lot of traffic conjestion near the site during peak hours.
 Presense of slum near the site.
 The CPWD hostel is separated from the site by a 6m wide road thus creating problem in
the traffic movement as the main entry to the site is from the side near to the hostel.
 The air conditioning systems takes time to reset again after power failure.
 Less interaction of the cultural block with the open green environment.
OPPORTUNITY:
 Due to good connectivity it attracts people.
 Future expansion is possible.
THREATS:
 Presence of slums.
 The site is very near to the old delhi market.
 High population growth may further increase the conjestion
 Problems faced during power cuts.
The buildings stands to be a good example of designing a commercial building. It is not just
aesthetically pleasing but funtionally meets the requirements of a civic centre.
It also has an helipad for emergency evacuation. The building is equipped with modern
technology like the automatic fire detecting systems, centrifugal systems to provide cooling,
hydro pneumatic systems to pump water to the complex.
4.2 MERITS AND DEMERITS OF THE SITE:
MERITS:
 Optimum location
 Easily accessible
 Good percentage of green cover
 Use of energy efficient systems
DEMERITS:
 Presence of slums near the site

 Traffic congestions during peak hour
 High maintenance required.
5. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Executive Summary, Civic Center , Delhi:
http://dpcc.delhigovt.nic.in/eia/MCDCC.pdf
 Energy conservation Building code, User Guide, India, July 2009
 Urban Sprawl in Delhi: Cause and Consequences, P.HD Thesis, BR Ambedekar Univ.
Agra, UP. January 2007
 CIVIC CENTER FOR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI, INDIA A Thesis Presented
by AKANKSHA SHARMA
 Personal talks with the architect Ar. Shirish Malpani, the architect of the civic
centre.

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DELHI CIVIC CENTRE B.

Examples of civic centre:

Fig 1 Marin Civic Centre California by Frank Lloyd Wright

Fig.2 Cumberland County Civic Center Portland by E. Crawley Cooper

Fig.3 Civic Centre San Francisco by Daniel Burnham

Fig.4 Millennium Park Chicago

1.2 RATIONALE FOR SELECTION:

THE CIVIC CENTRE

PRIMARY SOURCE SECONDARY SOURCE

SITE SURVEYS ONLINE RESEARCH

FACE TO FACE INTERVIEW BOOKS

LIMITATION OF THE SITE CONCLUSION

1.6 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK:

OBJECTIVE HOW TO ACHIEVE IT REFERNCE

1.7 SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS:

LIMITATIONS: Detailing of the planning as the site is a commercial complex.

IDEAL LOCATION OF A CIVIC CENTRE:

2.2 REQURIMENTS OF A CIVIC CENTRE :

2.3 DISTRIBUTION OF AREA:

Chart 1 DISTRIBUTION OF THE TOTAL BUILT UP AREA

(Source: talks with architect)

2.4 REQUIREMENTS OF A CULTURAL BLOCK:

 Well-equipped modern library

2.5 REGULATIONS OF CULTURAL BLOCK2:

Physical disability access to site/building

3. CASE STUDY: CIVIC CENTRE

Fig.5 VIEW OF CIVIC CENTRE

Fig.6 VIEW OF A BLOCK OF CIVIC CENTRE

Fig.7 COVERING OVER THE BASEMENT Fig.7 THE CULTURAL BLOCK

Fig.8 HARD LANDSCAPING Fig.9 HARD LANDSCAPING

Fig.10 SOFT LANDSCAPING Fig.11 SOFT LANDSCAPING

Fig.13 THE OLD MCD BUILDING TOWNHALL CHANDANI CHOCK

Fig.14 FRONT VIEW OF TOWN HALL

3.1 SITE LOCATION AND DISCRIPTION:

Fig.16 CONTEXT PLAN3

Map 1 SITE PLAN

Fig.17 MTNL BUILDING Fig.18 LNJP HOSPITAL

Fig.19 G.T PANT HOSPITAL Fig.20 ZAKIR HUSSAIN COLLEGE

Fig.21 NEW DELHI RAILWAY STATION

Fig.22 WHOLE SALE MARKET OF OLD DELHI

Fig.23 CPWD HOSTEL Fig.24 BIS BUILDING

Map 3 SUN PATH AND WIND DIAGRAM

Table 1 AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF DELHI4

3.4 TRAFFIC AND MOVEMENT:

Map 4 TRAFFIC NEAR THE SITE

Map 5 MOVEMENT NEAR THE SITE

Map 6 SITE PLAN

Map 7 BASEMENT PL ANNING

Map 8 GROUND FLOOR

Map 9 FIRST FLOOR

Map 10 SECOND FLOOR

Map 11THIRD FLOOR

3.6 ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER OF THE BUILDING:

The building is divided into 2 parts:

3.7 BUILDING SYSTEMS:

3.7.1 Water Supply and Sewage System

3.7.2 HVAC and Building Automation System

3.7.3 Captive Power Generation

Fig.25 CHILLERS Fig.26 HVAC ELECTRICAL PANNEL

Fig.27 COOLING TOWER Fig.28 CONDENSER WATER PUMP

3.8 AREA ANALYSIS:

GREEN AREA ROADS

Chart 2 TOTAL AREA DISRIBUTION