“Waste Management And Pollution Free

Oceans”
Author: Sourav Kar, Deepak P, Duraimurugan G.K

PV Vaithiyalagam Rd, Velan Nagar, Krishnapuram, Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600117.
Department of Naval Architecture And Offshore Engineering.

(skarj9897@gmail.com),(deepakpooranacharan@gmail.com),(duraimurugan.gk@gmail.com) .
www.velsuiv.ac.in/

ABSTRACT
The mission statement of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) of ‘safe, secure and efficient shipping on clean
oceans’ is pursued through the development and maintenance of numerous and comprehensive regulatory frameworks.
From the beginning improvements in maritime safety and the protection of the marine environment have been
paramount. It is recognized that the traditional enemies of the marine environment, such as oil pollution, are now
accompanied by added environmental threats. The harmful effects caused by the pathogens and the aquatic invasive
species that are being transported to new environments, through the uptake and discharge of ship ballast water, has been
identified by the maritime community as one of the four principal threats to the world’s oceans. In response to this global
threat, the IMO in 2004 adopted the Ballast Water Convention in order to properly manage vessel ballast water and
sediment. This Convention enters into force only after a minimum of thirty member states with a combined merchant
fleet of at least thirty-five percent of the world’s gross tonnage ratify it without reservation. Currently only fourteen
states, which constitute merely 3.55% of this global merchant fleet have ratified. The resultant inactivity, particularly by
many of the major seafaring states, has allowed unwanted species and pathogens to proliferate, and to cause injury or
damage to the environment, human health, and resources. The sporadic and non-uniform development of national
ballast water regulations necessitate that seafarers struggle to keep abreast of the varying national legislation while
involved in the global seafaring trade. In addition, due to non-consistent requirements and due to inadequate training,
seafarers are exposed to safety concerns, particularly because of improper ballast water exchange methods. They are
also subjected to fines or penalties because of non-adherence to those diverse regulations. Ballast water management
technology has been relatively slow to evolve because the Convention is not globally accepted or enforced. Most
institutions involved in MET are not designing or offering related training due to the non mandatory and varying global
requirements of ballast water management. The speedy development and implementation of the ISPS Code in response
to the events of 9/11 attests to the fact that the maritime community, through the IMO, is able to respond to global events
in a timely fashion when it has the desire to do so. Shipping transfers approximately 3 to 5 billion tonnes of ballast water
internationally each year. This ballast water transferred between different ports is a serious environmental problem.
There are many marine species like bacteria, small invertebrates and the eggs, etc., that are carried in ship’s ballast water
which are small enough to pass through a ship’s intake at ports and when discharged, lead to severe ecological problems.
To overcome this, a concept of ballast free ship has been developed in which ballast water exchange and treatment is
avoided by providing flow-through longitudinal pipes in the double bottom instead of conventional ballast tank. During
the design of the ballast free ship, different hull forms have been generated with various hull shapes of the vessel which
have been studied with regard to hydrodynamic behaviour.
Keywords: International Maritime Organization(IMO), Ballast Water Convention, ISPS Code, MET, flow-through,
longitudinal pipes, double bottom and hydrodynamic behavior.

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