Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Larry W. Lake
The University of Texas at Austin
Larry_Lake@mail.utexas.edu
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is…
• Oil recovery by injection of fluids not normally
present in reservoir
• Excludes pressure maintenance or waterflooding
• Not necessarily tertiary recovery
Primary
Recovery
Artificial Lift
Natural Flow
Pump - Gas Lift - Etc.
Conventional
Recovery
Secondary
Recovery
Pressure
Waterflood Maintenance
Water - Gas Reinjection
Tertiary
Recovery
Thermal Chemical Enhanced
Recovery
Solvent Other
Source: Adapted from the Oil & Gas Journal, Apr. 23, 1990
Producing Phases...
Primary Secondary Tertiary
0.10
Oil Rate 0.25
0.10
EL
_ Inj.
P
P Prod.
Lim
Ave. So
Time
EOR Observations….
• Don't bank on it
Size and Ultimate Recovery…
1.0
MP Tests
Thermal
0.8 Air-Spg.
SEAR
ISCO
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
10-5 10-3 10-1 101 103 105 107
Rock Volume, cubic m
EOR Observations….
• But still it moves
• EOR is a drag
• Don't bank on it
• Size matters
- More (wells) is better
Reinecke Unit Results
Also...
•Weeks Island
•Hawkins
•Wellman Unit
•W. Hackberry
•Cantarell
EOR Observations….
• But still it moves
• EOR is a drag
• Don't bank on it
• Size matters
• Gravity is our friend
Predicted vs. Actual...
20
Actual Incremental Oil Recovery,
15
% of OOIP
WAG Solvent
10
0
0 5 10 15 20
Predicted Incremental Oil Recovery, % of OOIP
EOR Observations….
• But still it moves
• EOR is a drag
• Don't bank on it
• Size is important
• Gravity is our friend
• Predicting is tough…
Especially about the future
Daqing Polymerflood….
100
250 m
80 Water Cut
Oil Production (t/d)
500 m
Water Cut (%)
60
750 m
750 m
40 500 m
0
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280
Amount of Polymer Injected (PV mg/L)
EOR Observations….
• But still it moves
• EOR is a drag
• Don't bank on it
• Size is important
• Gravity is our friend
• Predicting is tough
• Size is important II
- The more you inject, the
more you get
Lost Soldier Tensleep Tertiary Project...
From Brokmeyer et al., 1996
100,000
Water-
Primary flood
CO 2
1,000
Flood
100
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
60
Percent of OOIP Recovered
0
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
EOR Observations….
• But still it moves
• EOR is a drag
• Don't bank on it
• Size is important
• Gravity is our friend
• Predicting is tough
• Size is important II
• Not at any (great) rate
Stabilized Decline
Larry W. Lake
The University of Texas at Austin
Larry_Lake@mail.utexas.edu
West Texas Pre CO2 Flood...
4.0
3.5
WF Decline
Oil Rate, MMStb/mo
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
Start CO2
0.5
0.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Cumulative Oil Recovered Since WF, MMStb
The Success of History Matching
(Bos, 2002)…
Worst
6 forecast
5 No simple
relationship
Forecasting, rms
Best match
0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
History Matching, rms