EXAMPLE OF ONE WAY ANOVA (Completely Randomized Design) (2.08.

14)

An experiment was conducted to compare the wearing qualities of three types of paint when subjected to the
abrasive action of a slowly rotating cloth-surfaced wheel. Ten paint specimens were tested for each paint type and
the number of hours until visible abrasion was apparent was recorded for each specimen.

Ho: m1 = m 2 = m 3 (Population means are equal)

Ha: At least two of the population means are not the same.

The test is an F-test. It looks at the ratio of the mean square between samples (MSB) to the mean
square error, random error within samples (MSE). If the null hypothesis is true, we would expect these
values to be approximately the same and the ratio to be one; if Ho is not true, then MSB should be
larger than MSE.

In this problem the F ratio is 3.51. With 2 and 27 degrees of freedom, the F-table can be used to find a
critical value of 3.35 when a is 0.05. (Recall, a is the probability of rejecting a true Ho.) Since the calculated F
exceeds the table value of F, reject Ho and conclude that at least two of the population means are not equal. This
conclusion is also verified by p = 0.04.

Group Group Group

1 2 3
148 513 335 The following output is the basic analysis. It can also be obtained from the XL Analysis Tool Pack/Data Analysis
(under the Data tab)
76 264 643
393 433 216 PH Stat 2/ Multiple Sample Test / One Way ANOVA
520 94 536
236 535 128 The following output is copy & pasted from the tab -> ANOVA
134 327 723 You can check that tab for the formulas.
55 214 258
166 165 380 Paint ANOVA
415 280 594
153 304 465 SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
2296 3129 4278 Group 1 10 2296 229.6 25026.0444
Group 2 10 3129 312.9 20790.7667
Group 3 10 4278 427.8 38737.2889

438074228.xlsx
 ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 198080.4667 2 99040.2 3.5140 0.0440 3.3541
Within Groups 760986.9000 27 28184.7

Total 959067.3667 29
Level of significance 0.05

If the null hypothesis is rejected then we need to determine which means are different. This is typically determined by
calculating confidence intervals for the difference in population means (m1 - m 2 , m 2 - m 3 , m1 - m 3).

There is a difference between Paint 1 and Paint 3. This conclusion is verified by the Tukey pairwise comparisons.
Paint 3 appears to possess slightly greater wearing quality than Paint 1. There is no statistically significant difference
in the wear time between Paints 1 and 2 or between Paints 2 and 3.

The following output is copy & pasted from this SS tab -> Tukey Kramer
You can check that tab for the formulas.

Paint ANOVA

Sample Sample Absolute Std. Error Critical

Group Mean Size Comparison Difference
of Difference Range Results
1: Group 1 229.6 10 Group 1 to Group 2 83.3 53.0893 185.2815 Means are not different
2: Group 2 312.9 10 Group 1 to Group 3 198.2 53.0893 185.2815 Means are different
3: Group 3 427.8 10 Group 2 to Group 3 114.9 53.0893 185.2815 Means are not different

Other Data
Level of significance 0.05
Numerator d.f. 3
Denominator d.f. 27
MSW 28184.7
Q Statistic 3.49 f This value was obtained from Table E.7 on page 747 in the text

438074228.xlsx
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
148 513 335
76 264 643
393 433 216
520 94 536
236 535 128
134 327 723
55 214 258
166 165 380
415 280 594
153 304 465
Paint ANOVA

Sample Sample Absolute Std. Error Critical

Group Mean Size Comparison Difference of Difference Range Results
1: Group 1 229.6 10 Group 1 to Group 2 83.3 53.089264451 185.282 Means are not different
2: Group 2 312.9 10 Group 1 to Group 3 198.2 53.089264451 185.282 Means are different
3: Group 3 427.8 10 Group 2 to Group 3 114.9 53.089264451 185.282 Means are not different

Other Data
Level of significance 0.05
Numerator d.f. 3
Denominator d.f. 27
MSW 28184.7
Q Statistic 3.49
Paint ANOVA Calculations
c 3
SUMMARY n 30
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
Group 1 10 2296 229.6 25026.0444
Group 2 10 3129 312.9 20790.7667
Group 3 10 4278 427.8 38737.2889

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 198080.4667 2 99040.2333 3.5140 0.0440 3.3541
Within Groups 760986.9000 27 28184.7000

Total 959067.3667 29
Level of significance 0.05