Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CONCEPT
Agriculture means land cultivation. It also Wheat — It requires a temperature between 16°
includes animal husbandry and fishing. to 22°C and a rainfall between 50-75 cm.
At present in different parts of India, the types of Millets — Jowar, Bajra, Ragi.
farming being carried out are primitive subsistence Fibre crops — Cotton and jute are the two
farming, intensive subsistence farming and important fibre crops grown in India.
commercial farming. Beverage crops — Tea and coffee are important
Primitive subsistence farming is characterised by beverage crops.
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small and scattered landholdings and use of primitive Cash crops — The major cash crops are
tools. The farmers do not use fertilisers and high- sugarcane, rubber, tobacco, spices and fruits and
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yielding variety of seeds. vegetables.
Intensive subsistence farming is carried out in the
Persian wheel has been replaced by water pump,
areas with high population pressure on land.
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the plough by tiller and harrow drawn by tractor, the
Irrigation, fertilisers and pesticides are used to get bullock cart by truck.
maximum output from limited land. Various
Flooding of fields is being replaced by drip
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machines are introduced.
irrigation. Chemical fertilisers took the place of farm
Commercial farming is characterised by use of
manure.
higher doses of modern inputs in order to obtain
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higher productivity.
fertilisers.
Plantation farming, a form of commercial farming,
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The technological advancements gave birth to
involves growing of a single crop on a large area.
Green Revolution, White Revolution or Operation
In India, there are three crop seasons —
Flood.
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monsoon and continues till the beginning of Radio and television inform the farmers about the
winter (June-July to September-October). new improved techniques of farming.
The kharif crops include rice, maize, millet,
Rural banks, cooperative societies and Kisan
cotton, jute, groundnut, moong, urad, etc.
Credit Card ensure easy availability of funds to
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implements and machines to enable them to compete
Fertilisers, pesticides and insecticides which once with their counterparts in other parts of the world.
showed a dramatic result are now being held India will have to develop techniques which the
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responsible for degrading soils. developed countries have been using.
Periodic scarcity of water has led to reduction in An unrestricted united national market for farm
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area under irrigation. Inefficient water management products within the country must be set up. This will
has led to waterlogging and salinity. require the development of roads, electricity,
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irrigation and credit facilities to farmers and traders.
1. Which of the following is the most important 6. Rice is a subsistence crop in Orissa. In which of
occupation of the people of India? the following states, is rice a commercial crop?
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(a) Food gathering (b) Agriculture (a) West Bengal and Bihar
c) Manufacturing (d) Services (b) Jammu and Kashmir
2. Which of the following types of economic (c) Punjab and Haryana
activity is agriculture? (d) Tamil Nadu and Kerala
7. Which of the following has been an important
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known as in north-eastern states like Assam, (a) Monsoon rainfall throughout the year
Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland? (b) Huge population pressure in these areas
(a) Horticulture (b) Penda (c) Success of Green Revolution in the states
(c) Jhumming (d) Milpa growing rabi crops
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4. Which of the following types of farming is (d) Good transport network in the states
practised in areas with high population growing rabi crops
8. Which of the following crops is produced
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pressure on land?
(a) Primitive Subsistence Farming during zaid cropping season?
(b) Intensive Subsistence Farming (a) Sugarcane (b) Muskmelon
(c) Commercial Farming (c) Groundnut (d) Moong
(d) Plantations 9. How many crops of paddy are grown in a
5. Which of the following is the principal crop year in the states like Assam, West Bengal and
grown in areas of Intensive Subsistence Orissa and they are termed as which of the
Farming? following?
(a) Yams and Sweet Potato (b) Wheat (a) Once-Arabica (b) Two-Rabi and Zaid
(c) Rice (d) Cotton (c) Three-Aus, Aman, Boro
(d) Three-Kumar, Valre, Waltre
T-I — 2 Goyal’s Assignments in Social Science X (Term-I)
10. Which of the following is an annual crop? (a) Mustard (b) Coconut
(a) Sugarcane (b) Cotton (c) Groundnut (d) Soyabean
(c) Jute (d) Cucumber 18. Which of the following group of crops are
11. Which of the following factors has facilitated known as beverage crops?
the growth of rice in areas of less rainfall like (a) Castor seed and Sunflower
Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh (b) Peas and Gram (c) Cotton and Jute
and parts of Rajasthan? (d) Tea and Coffee
(a) Winter rain due to western temperate 19. Tea cultivation is an example of which of the
cyclones (b) High humidity following types of agriculture?
(c) Bright sunshine at the time of ripening (a) Horticulture (b) Plantation
(d) Dense network of canal irrigation and tube (c) Beverage cultivation
wells (d) Intensive agriculture
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12. Which of the following are known as coarse 20. Why is tea processed within tea gardens?
grains? (a) To restore its freshness
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(a) Wheat and Rice (b) Because it is a perishable product
(b) Millets—Jowar, bajra and ragi (c) To bring down the cost of production
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(c) Pulses—urad, arhar, gram (d) Because cheap labour is available there
(d) Oilseeds 21. Indian coffee is known throughout the world
13. Which of the following crops is used both as a due to which of the following reasons?
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food and as a fodder? (a) India is the leading producer of coffee
(a) Jowar (b) Wheat (b) Indian coffee is very cheap
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(c) Maize (d) Tea
14. India is the largest producer as well as the
(c) Indian coffee is of good quality
(d) Coffee was produced first in India
consumer of which of the following crops? 22. Which of the following are known as
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(a) Rice (b) Millets horticulture crops?
(c) Pulses (d) Oilseeds (a) Tea and coffee (b) Cotton and Jute
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15. Which of the following crops is the main (c) Rubber and Tobacco
source of jaggery, khandsari and molasses? (d) Fruits and Vegetables
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(a) Arhar (b) Coconut 23. India is believed to be the original home of
(c) Linseed (d) Sugarcane which of the following fibre crops?
16. Which of the following countries is the largest (a) Cotton (b) Jute
producer of oilseeds? (c) Hemp (d) Silk
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1. India is the leading producer and exporter of 4. Which one of the following beverage crops of
__________ in the world. [2010 (T-1)] India is the leading producer as well as
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(b) Commercial farming (a) Cotton (b) Rubber
(c) Green Revolution (d) Horticulture (c) Jute (d) Hemp
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9. Which one of the following crops is the 20. Which one of the following crops is known as
example of plantation farming? [2010 (T-1)] ‘Golden Fibre? [2010 (T-1)]
(a) Rice (b) Wheat (a) Wheat (b) Rice
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(c) Rubber (d) None of these (c) Groundnut (d) Jute
10. In which of the following states of India rice 21. Which one of the following is not a millet?
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is considered a commercial crop? [2010 (T-1)] [2010 (T-1)]
(a) West Bengal (b) Orissa (a) Jowar (b) Wheat
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(c) Bihar (d) Punjab
11. Which of the following crops are grown with 22.
(c) Ragi (d) Bajra
Which one of the following crops is a
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the onset of monsoons and harvested in the beverage crop? [2010 (T-1)]
month of September and October? (a) Tea (b) Cotton
[2010 (T-1)] (c) Wheat (d) Bajra
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(a) Rabi (b) Kharif 23. Which one of the following is not a cropping
(c) Zaid (d) None of the above season? [2010 (T-1)]
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12. In which type of soil does Maize grow well? (a) Winter (b) Kharif
[2010 (T-1)] (c) Rabi (d) Zaid
(a) Black (b) Light domat 24. Which of the following is an example of
(c) Old alluvial (d) None of the above Kharif crop? [2010 (T-1)]
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(a) Nilgiri (b) Aravali 25. Which one of following rights has led to
(c) Shivalik (d) None of the above fragmentation of land holding size?
14. Which of the following crops grows well in the [2010 (T-1)]
Black soil? [2010 (T-1)] (a) Right to succession
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seeds in the world? [2010 (T-1)] 26. Cultivation of fruits and vegetables is called:
(a) China (b) India [2010 (T-1)]
(c) U.S.A (d) Pakistan (a) Floriculture (b) Sericulture
16. Which one of the following is an example of (c) Horticulture (d) Agriculture
plantation agriculture? [2010 (T-1)] 27. Which of the following crops is the example of
(a) Jute (b) Wheat zaid season? [2010 (T-1)]
(c) Tea (d) Oilseeds (a) Rice (b) Wheat
17. Which country is the largest producer of (c) Gram (d) Peas
A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. Define agriculture. Why have cultivation methods 4. Why are some pulses known as leguminous crop?
changed significantly over years? Why are they grown in rotation with other crops?
2. What is plantation farming? What are its main Name the major pulses grown in India and the
characteristics? Name some plantation crops. states leading in their production.
3. What are millets? Why are millets very important 5. Define sericulture and horticulture. What is India’s
food crop in India? position in production of horticulture crops?
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Write a short note on the important millets grown
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in India.
B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS
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1. Enlist the various institutional reform programmes 12. Write the geographical conditions required for
introduced by the government in the interest of the cultivation of rice and tea. [2010 (T-1)]
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farmers. [2010 (T-1)] 13. Describe the geographical conditions required for
2. Describe the geographical conditions required for production rubber and maize. [2010 (T-1)]
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the growth of sugarcane and tea crops. 14. Describe any four technological reforms
[2010 (T-1)] introduced by government in the interest of
3. Why is subsistence agriculture still practised in
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certain parts of the country? Give four reasons. 15. State the geographical conditions required for
[2010 (T-1)] growing rice and cotton. [2010 (T-1)]
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4. What are differences between subsistence and 16. “Agriculture had been the backbone of the Indian
commercial agriculture? [2010 (T-1)] economy. But the declining share of agriculture
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5. Differentiate between the kharif and rabi crops. in the GDP now is matter of serious concern.”
[2010 (T-1)] Explain the meaning of this statement.
6. Compare the geographical conditions, required [2010 (T-1)]
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of the two major cereal crops in India, rice and 17. Why has Indian agriculture started a declining
wheat. Give one major area where they are grown. trend in food production? Explain any four reason.
[2010 (T-1)] [2010 (T-1)]
7. State any four geographical conditions required 18. Name the four fibre crops grown in India? Which
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for tea cultivation. [2010 (T-1)] one of the them is not obtained directly from the
8. What are the soil type, climatic conditions and crops? What is the name given to the process
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rainfall conditions required for the cultivation of involved in its production? [2010 (T-1)]
tea? Write two states of India where tea grows. 19. Describe any four important characteristics of
[2010 (T-1)] wheat cultivation in India? [2010 (T-1)]
9. Explain any four 19th institutional reforms carried 20. Explain the importance of pulses in Indian
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4. How have technological reforms and institutional
reforms been able to improve the condition of (ii) State the climatic conditions required for
Indian agriculture? Explain with suitable cultivation of this crop.
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examples. (iii) Name the two major regions growing this
5. Look at the picture carefully and answer the crop.
6. Explain briefly any four features of intensive
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questions that follow :
subsistence farming in India.
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B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS
production. [2010]
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Which is the staple crop in the north and north-
western part of India? Describe the temperature,
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A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. On an outline map of India, mark and label (b) Two major tea-producing areas
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2. For locating and lebelling. [2010 (T-1)] (6) The largest jute producing area.
(1) Major producing state of maize (7) Major producing state of tea.
(2) Major wheat producing state. (8) Largest producing state of Jowar.
(3) Leading rubber producing state. (9) Major producing state of sugarcane
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(4) The largest producing state of sugarcane. (10) A cotton producing state.
(5) The largest producing state of coffee. (11) The largest producing state of maize.
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1. On a big chart paper draw or paste four outline 2. Visit a nearby village.
political maps of India. On Map No. 1 mark the Find out what crops grow in that region. Identify
rice-producing areas of India. Paste grains of rice the type of cultivation practised in the region.
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on the areas marked with the help of adhesive. Talk to some farmers and find out about :
On Map No. 2, mark the wheat-producing areas (a) The cropping seasons and agricultural
and paste whole wheat over them. On Map No. calendar.
3 mark the areas producing fibre crops – cotton (b) The government support they receive.
and jute. Paste cotton ball and jute fibre in their (c) The problems they face.
respective areas. On Map No. 4, mark the areas Take photographs of the crops, the farmers, the
growing beverage crops—tea and coffee. Paste irrigation system and machineries they use.
tea leaves and coarse coffee powder in their Prepare a Project Report on the topic
respective areas. Sprinkle some grounded
‘Agricultural Economy of an Indian Village.’
napthalene over the maps to prevent their spoilage
T-I — 8 Goyal’s Assignments in Social Science X (Term-I)
B. ACTIVITIES
1. Name game
Primitive Subsistence Farming is known by different names in different parts of India. Place the correct
name beside each state or region.
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Andhra Pradesh.
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Orissa.
Western Ghats.
South-eastern Rajasthan.
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Himalayan belt.
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Jharkhand.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Penda, Pama Dabi, Valre, Dipa, Bewar, Pamlou, Kumari, Kuruwa, Khil, Jhumming (same name may
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be repeated in two or more states).
2. Observe the pictures carefully and answer the following questions.
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C. ASSIGNMENTS
1. Name three types of crops for the following.
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Across Down
1. Summer cropping season of India (6) 1. A product made from sugarcane (9)
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2. A millet that grows well in sandy soil 2. A millet rich in iron content (4)
of Rajasthan (5)
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3. An equatorial crop growing in tropical 3. A crop grown in zaid season (8)
and subtropical areas of India, used
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mainly for making auto tyres and tubes (6)
4. A beverage crop introduced in Baba Budan 4. A crop known as golden fibre growing
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hills and cultivated in the Nilgiris (6)
5. A leguminous crop (4)
in West Bengal and Assam (4)
5. Silkworms are fed on these leaves (8)
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6. Cultivation of fruits, vegetables and
flowers (12) 6. A fibre crop growing on regur soil (6)
7. Primitive Subsistence Agriculture is 7. A vegetable grown in India (7)
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