CRITICAL BOOK REVIEW

(To fulfill the task of Course of Thermodynamics)

Supporting lecturer :

Prof.Dr.Makmur Sirait, M.Si

Group IV : 1. Alviani Surbakti ( 4182121020 )

2. Grace Dita Maria Naibaho ( 4183121055 )

3. Luni Karlina Manik ( 4182121021 )

Prodi : Bilingual Education Physics 2018

PHYSICS DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2019
 FOREWORD

Praise and gratitude writer prayed to God Almighty, because I still can make the task
Critical Book Review is timely. Papers Critical Book Review is about the Law of
Thermodynamics 1, while the paper is made to fulfill the task Subjects Thermodynamics, the
authors hope this paper can be used and can be a reference for everyone, criticism and
suggestions from readers very authors expect that this paper be better. In conclusion, the
authors would like to thank the readers for your attention.

Medan, 11 September 2019

Author
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD......................................................................................................................................... 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................... 3
PART I ................................................................................................................................................... 4
PRELIMINARY ................................................................................................................................... 4
Rationalization importance of CBR .................................................................................................... 4
The purpose of writing CBR ............................................................................................................... 4
benefits CBR ....................................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER II ......................................................................................................................................... 5
SUMMARY BOOK .............................................................................................................................. 5
identity Books ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Summary of Second Book About Law of Thermodynamics 1 ........................................................... 6
CHAPTER III ..................................................................................................................................... 16
DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................................... 16
Book Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 16
Advantages and Disadvantages of books .......................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER IV...................................................................................................................................... 17
COVER ................................................................................................................................................ 17
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 17
Recommendation .............................................................................................................................. 17
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................... 18
 PART I

PRELIMINARY

Rationalization importance of CBR

CBR-making skills on the author to test the ability to summarize and analyze a book,
recognize and give value and criticized a paper dianalisis.Seringkali us confused to choose
kiata reference books to read and understand, terkadangg we just choose one book to read, but
the results is still not satisfactory, for example in terms of analysis, language and discussion,
therefore the author makes the CBR is to facilitate the reader thermodynamics preformance
choose especially its reference books on the subject of law of thermodynamics 1

The purpose of writing CBR

1.Mencari and know the information contained in the book
2.Mengulas content of a book
3. Improve yourself to think critically in finding the information provided by each chapter of the
book in CBR right.
4.Mengkritisi one topic lectures of Thermodynamics

Benefits CBR
1. To add insight about Thermodynamics
2.Mempermudah readers get the gist of a book that has been equipped with a summary of the
book, the discussion of the contents of the book, as well as the advantages and disadvantages
of the book.
3.Melatih students to formulate and draw conclusions on the books that are analyzed.
 CHAPTER II

SUMMARY BOOK

Identity Books

Book 1 (Main)
Title: THERMODYNAMICS
ENGINEERING
Edition: 4
Author: Michael J Moran
Publisher: Erland
City Published: Jakarta
Year of issue: 2004

Book 2 (Comparative)
Title: THERMODYNAMICS
Edition : -
Author: Prof.Dr.Makmur Sirait, M.Si
Publisher: Faculty Unimed
City Published: Medan
Year of issue: 2019
Summary of Second Book About Law of Thermodynamics 1

Main Book (Diktat)

Energy is a basic concept of thermodynamics and merupakaan one important aspect in

the analysis teknik.Energi can also be converted from one form to another and transferred
anatar kebentuk sistem.Untuk closed system of energy can be transferred in bentukkerja and
perpindahaan kalor.Jumlah tital energy during the process of energy conversion and energy
transfer is around forever.

a.Kerja and Kinetic Energy

Bendatersebutditandai pusatsuatu movement speed by V1.Benda tersebutdigerakkan

by this ndangan suatugaya resultant energy F, the magnitude of change at every point of
lintasannya.Gaya resultandapat dlaam decomposed into the component Fs, unidirectional
trajectory da normal component Fn (tagak straight) terhadaplintasan.Komponen Fs influence
the magnitude kecepataan while the Fn component on the component F, is to change the
direction of Newton's laws of motion perceptan.Berdasaarkan both the magnitude of
component F, associated with changes in the value of V as:
𝒅𝑽
Fs = m 𝒅𝒕

Work has multiplied jarak.Satuan unit of force equal to the kinetic energy is kerja.dalam
SI unit of work is newton meters, or so-called joule.dalam this book Kj.Satuan kilojoules used
unit generally digunakanuntukkerja yanng English teacher and kinetic energy is the foot-pound
force and british thermal unit Btu.

Potential b.Energi

Changes in gravitational potential waterwheel is:

ΔEP = EP2-EP1 = mg (z2-z1)

Potnsial energy units become converted into units of any system is the same as for the
kinetic energy and potential kerja.Energi related to the force of gravity so that became part
system consisting daribedadan bersamaa earth-sma.

However demikiandengan counting graavitasi style as mg enables the potential energy

of gravity can be calculated for specific nlai gdegan only know the mass of altitude
ya.Berdasarkan bnedadan this pandanagan potential energy seen sebgaai suatau
suatubenda.Dalam ekstansifdari nature of this book is assumed bahwwa elevation difference is
relatively small and the acceleration of gravity is considered constant energy Concepts
potensialgravitasi formulated to incorporate variasai gravistasi style with elevation.
 Energy transfer Evaluation Working Through

W Work that was done by or padasuatau ssistem yanag calculated based on the style and
manner Macroscopic terkur shift can be written sebaai follows:
𝒔𝟐
W =∫𝒔𝟏 𝑭 𝒅𝒔

This equation is very important in the study of bbahan Termodinamika.Suatu interkai sebaai
dapatdigolongkan work if it meets the following criteria, which is called Working according
Thermodynamics is, Job is done by a system padalingkunganya if giving major influence
padasegala something that is outside the system berupaa increase a burden.

Work Ekaspansi or Compression

At the time of expanding gas increased gas pressure and produce a normal force padadinding
torak..Jika p is the pressure of the working gas and piston pasdaerah limit, mak force produced
gas and the walls of the piston can be expressed as the product terms p denganlua pressure
piston surface Aataau pA.Keerja which dihasila sitempadaa when the piston moves so far dx

δW = pA dx

Equilibrium when process Expansion or Compression

Prsoses equilibrium state sesaatseluruh stages through which a system is considered

important setimbang.Aspek Berrada in a state of equilibrium process sessaat ni concept is that
the state padasetiap sifatintensifseragam value of properties in all parts of the system maupaun
setiapfase tiles lying in the system.

energy Systems

HukumPertama Thermodynamics

To explain oertama Law of Thermodynamics can dipergnakan as rertutup system that

can be transformed into a state of equilibrium kekeadaan other equilibrium using namu not
work terjdi interaction of heat transfer to the environment nya.Proses higher system of this kind
is called adiabatic process.

From the experimental results known that untukberbagai adiabatic process that takes
place between the two state point value net job done is sama.Makadapat concluded that the
state of net job done aatau padakeadaan tetutup system with adiabatic process is only beginning
and circumstances bergatung padakeadaan ijni akhirnya.Prinsip known as the Law first
thermodynamics that apply to different types of work and the nature of the interaction of a
closed system.

Definition Energy Changes

 Due to net job padasistem berlangsng adiabatic process is closed, in a certain
equilibrium tiitk antaradua equal mak dpaat its testing concluded that the net job to process this
ssemacam determine perubanhan some properties semavam sistem.Sifat is called
energi.Apabila E is the energy system between the energy makaperubahan didefeniikan two
states as:

E2-E1 = - Wad

With Wadadalah net job to an adiabatic process between the two states ..

energy In

In engineering thermodynamics total energy change is influenced by three component

system Maroskopik.Pertama go round the kinetic energy associated with the movement of the
overall system dalammedan bumi.Bentuk gravitational energy perubaha energidalam
sistem.Seperti laiinya disatukn as well as kinetic energy potential energy mapun, energidalam
an extensive nature ssitem , because the total energy.

Energy in a given symbol U,while the energy change in the process is U2 -U1.Energi
padasebuah specific dala symbol u or u have to rely on the use of mass or mole satua basis.

The first law of thermodynamics linking changes in the energy (ΔE) in a system with
heat (q) and work (w) between the system dengansekelilingnya. Chemical reactions can be
considered as a thermodynamic system, denganΔEsistem equal to the heat of reaction at
constant volume, qv. The heat of reaction dapatdiukur with a bomb calorimeter.

The chemical reaction is generally carried out at a constant pressure and

not on volumetetap; enthalpy function has been formulated to explain the process
at a constant pressure.ΔH = qp, a reaction heat generated from the reaction at a constant
pressure, and apply only perform pressure-volume work. For reactions involving solids
dancairan ΔH≅AE.

The difference between ΔH and AE quite large if the gas involved, sekalipundalam
particular case does not mean. ΔHdan ΔEdapat connected through persamaanmatematik
sederhana.Sekalipun most spontaneous exothermic reaction, there is also a spontaneous
endotermyang beberapareaksi. The general nature of spontaneous endothermic process
ialahadanya improvement of irregularity. Berhubungandengan thermodynamic functions of
disorder in a system called entropy, S. Apabilahanya change in entropy is used as the sole
criteria for menyatakanperubahan spontaneous, yan meant the total entropy change in
prosestersebut. Total entropy change is the amount of change in the entropy of sistemtersebut
with him. How to measure the total entropy change is not easy and sometimes difficult.

In thermodynamics, a thermodynamic system is said to be in thermodynamic

equilibrium when the system is in equilibrium mechanical, thermal equilibrium and chemical
equilibrium. In thermodynamic equilibrium, there is a tendency to changes in circumstances,
both for the system and for the environment. Mechanical equilibrium occurs when no force is
unbalanced inside the system, and also between the system and its environment. In thermal
equilibrium, all part of the same temperature system, and the system also has the same
temperature as its surroundings.

A. System state equation

In physics and thermodynamics, equation of state is a thermodynamic equation

describing the condition of the material under a set of physical conditions. Equation of state is
a constitutive equation which provides a mathematical relationship between two or more
functions associated with the material conditions, such as temperature, pressure, volume and
energy.

There are several thermodynamic system (a system in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium),

namely: 1.

1.Sistem Hydrostatic (hydrostatic) or System Thursday (Chemical)

2. The system Paramagnetis (paramagnetic).

3. The system Dielektris (Dielectric).

4. The strings are Unrestrained System.

5. Thin Membrane Systems.

Thermodynamic diagrams and diagrams PVT diagram pT, pv, Tv

In studying the science of thermodynamics is closely related to three main factors that
affect the physical chemical properties of a material that is pressure (p), volume (V) and
temperature (T). All three of these factors play an important role to determine the form or phase
of the material. In general, we know there are three kinds of phases of matter, ie solid, liquid,
gas. However, in the study of thermodynamic phase material not only that, there are several
other types of phase depends on the condition. In some circumstances, it is possible to appear
more than one type of different phases at once. Relationships such conditions can be studied
more easily through a diagram that includes a depiction of the pressure (p), volume (V) and
temperature (T).

These three factors are combined to form a three-dimensional diagram (3D) which is
often called the PVT diagram shown in Figure 1. The diagram is formed by placing each of the
factors (PVT) axis Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z). The results were obtained from a series of
visualization experiments or experiments experts. From the experimental results obtained by a
quantitative relationships which can then be interpreted qualitatively.

Interaction System With System Environment.

 Is something that is at the center of our attention, thermodynamic system is a system
whose state quantities are described by thermodynamics. Everything outside the system (which
can affect the state of the system) called the environment. A surface that limits the system with
its environment called boundary surfaces, which can be a real surface (real surface) or in the
form of an imaginary (imaginary surface). Boundary surfaces can be fixed or changed shape.

The first law of thermodynamics is one of the laws of physics dealing with eternity. In
physics we know the wide - range of conservation laws such as the law of conservation of
energy, conservation of mass, momentum conservation law etc.

First law of thermodynamics

As mentioned above, the Law - Law of Thermodynamics discusses the conservation of energy
between the system and the environment. The first law of thermodynamics states that "The
amount of heat in a system is equal to the energy change in the system coupled with the work
done by the system".

Energy in the system is the sum total of all energy molecules that exist in the system.
If the system does work or system gain heat from the surroundings, the energy in the system
will rise. Instead of energy in the system will be reduced if the system is doing business on the
environment or the system gives heat to the environment. It can be concluded that the change
of energy in a closed system represents the excess of heat received by the efforts of the system.

The formula I Law of Thermodynamics

From the wording of the first law of thermodynamics, the first law of thermodynamics
formula can be written as follows:

Q = ΔU + W or ΔU = Q - W

Where :

ΔU: energy changes in the system (J)

Q: Heat received / removable system (J)

W: Work (J)

The agreement on the first law of thermodynamics

Legal formula I Thermodynamics I Thermodynamics in use legal formula used with

the agreement as follows:

1. Enterprises (W) is positive (+) if the system of doing business

 2. Enterprises (W) is negative (-) if the system receives effort

3. Q is negative (-) if the heat release system

4. Q is positive (+) if the system receives heat

Adiabatic processes

Adiabatic process is a system that does not perform heat exchange with the
environment. This means that when the system is doing business - whether motion or
mechanical work - it is not ideal to make the surroundings warm or cold. For systems involving
gas, adiabatic process typically requires changes in pressure to shift the temperature without
affecting the surrounding environment. In the Earth's atmosphere, the air mass will undergo
adiabatic expansion and cooling, or they will experience an adiabatic compression, and heating.
Engineers have designed a variety of machines with which at least partially adiabatic process.

Book Two (Comparison)

The working principle of energy in mechanics is a consequence of Newton's laws

tentnag Gerak.Untuk Conservative style, the work of this style is the same dengann change in
potential energy of the particle, and the work of the forces outside of this style is the amount
of change in kinetic energy and potential energii of particles.
Work can be nevertheless in the process where there is no enrgi perubahhan potential
energy and kinetic of sistem.Jaidi work done when a gas is compressed or expanded atay when
in cas ataau digunakan.Termodinamika relates generally to a process like this.

1.Kerja by changes in volume

If the piston shifts as high as Δy, then the transfer will work and the direction opposite
the direction of size:

𝐹𝑒
d 'W = Pe dV = dV
𝐴

𝐹𝑒
Pe =, said external pressure. 𝐴
 If this volume change process is a reversible process, the system is always in
mechanical equilibrium, so that the external pressure Pe equal to the gas pressure P.maka
formula becomes:

d'W = P dV

Symbols d'W indicating that the job is very small (infintesimal) adalaah inexact differential
form.

Tekaan anatara relationship and volume of a system at any reversible process can be
shown by the curve PV.Kerja in small volume changes dV shown graphically by extensive P
dV of positive diarsir.Kerja area if the process from A to B.Jka process into reverse then
negative work.
Work in process isookhorik adalaah zero, because in this process dama V = constant
isobaric process (pressure konstann)

Another 2.Bentuk of work

a.Kerja unrtuk change the length of the wire
Fe external force acting on a wire and the wire length of the course of causing pertambaan dL,
if the process is reversible then eksternaal Fe style together with wire disturbance F (Fe = F),
so that
d'W = -F Dl

b.Kerja on Thin membrane system

A thin membrane located between the U-shaped wire keranga external terbalik.Gaya Fe caused
sweeping changes in the two surface membranes of dA.

dA = 2 L dy
Work to change the surface area of the membrane can be expressed by:

d'W = -γ dA
Where γ is the surface tension of the membrane that magnitude:

𝑭𝒆
γ = 𝟐𝑳

c.Kerja configuration and Work Disipatik

The configuration of a system can be bberubah without kerja.Jika diafrgama gas leaked to
expand into the area of vacuum and filling all ruangan.Keadaaan end would equal to the area
of vacuum and filling all runagan.Keadaan end would be the same if diafrag, a thin replaced
with the original piston fastened and then this dilepaskan.Proses called free expansion.

Because the top adala hamppa space then Pe = 0 Work for free expansion is:
W = ∫ 𝑷𝒆 𝒅𝑽 = 𝟎
and labor is zero, although the volume of gas increases.
Dispatif Work is work that is not related to changes in the amount of intensive
sistem.Contoh: Work of dissipative of the effort needed supply power on a resistor R.Pada I
generally work dissipative a total irreversibel.Kerja process of suatau process is the algebraic
sum of the working configuration and dissipative work.
Wt = Wk + Wd

LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 1

There are several processes to bring an equilibrium state into a state of equilibrium
others, and in general ynag work done by a system which is different to the first berbeda.Sistem
be a first padakeadaan free adiabatic expansion from a to c.

Then expand adiabtaik reversible b.Pada to take place this process work shown oelh the
area under the curve cn tdak diarsir.Jika no dissipative work then the shaded area represents
the total of the acb.Pada krja second process starts also from a, expansion adiabtik d kemuia
reversible to expand freely to b.Kerja total adb process is conducted in a shaded area under the
curve ad.Meskipun two different processes, experiments membuktukan that work has
represented both shaded areas are the same.

"Work total is the same as an adiabatic process between two equilibrium that has
the kinetic energy and potential energy of the same."

This Pernytaaan dsebut as the Law of Thermodynamics I.

Energy In

Wad total energy of any adiabatic process is the sum of d 'Wad in every level of the
process:
𝑑
Wad = ∫𝑎 𝑑′ 𝑊𝑎𝑑

Although in general differential d'W is inexact and work W has a different price for
trajectory berbeda.Diferensial d 'Wad is exact in the sense that the work was the same for all
adiabatic trajectory between the two states that have a kinetic and potential energy that
sama.Besarnya bergantug only the energy in the system and olehkarena keaddaan it dU dU
konvesnsional eksak.Secara differential is negative if the system does work adiabatic d'Wad so

dU = -d 'Wad

Heat flow

In this case no heat flow Q anatara system with heat Q nya.aliran environment to a system in
every process is a system of total employment difference anatara adiabatic work W deng Wad:

Q = W - Wad

Joule joule.1 Qadalah unit is defined as the amount of heat that flows in to raise 1 gram
of water 1 ° C.Harga temperaturya precious Q can be positive or negative depending on its
prosess for W can be larger or smaller than the adiabatic work Wad.Jika no heat which
mengakir to the system then Q is positive and vice versa if the heat out of seistem Q is negative.

The difference between Ub - Ua is the energy equation in and states that the addition
of energy in a system in any process where tidaka Aada perubaan kinetic and potential energy
of the system is equal to the amount of heat mengakir less systems to the total energy carried
by the system.

If the heat and very little work then change dalama energy is also very kecil.maka pesamaan
be:

dU = d 'Q -d' W

Heat capacity
Heat capacity is defined as the average of its banyka heat flows to the system caused by changes
tempraturnya:

̅ =𝑸
𝑪 ∆𝑻

Unit C in the MKS is the joule per kelvin (JK ^ -1)

Writing d 'Q / dT does not mean that the derivative of Q to Q, because Q is not the nature of
the system and bkan T.Tanda d'Q dar function showed only small heat flow.

Diamana the heat capacity at constant external hydrostatic tekakan diseebut heat
capacity at constant pressure (Cp) and the heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) each written
as follows:

Cp = d'Q / dT P

Cv = d'Q / dT V

Kapasits heat (heat) per unit mass or per unit mole is called the specific heat with a small c
symbol .Satuan SI Menurt specific heat is J 𝐾𝑔−1 𝐾 −1

Panas Transformation

The amount of heat per unit mass required by a substance in the process of changing its
form in a process called isothermal transformation heat and given the symbol l.Kalor
transformation to melt process heat (lm) and for the boiling process called steam heat (lb)
.Many of her heat selutuh Qb Qm or to boil stated;

Qm = m lm

QB = m lb

Satauan of paanas transformation is J 𝐾𝑔−1

From the first law of thermodynamics, the energy changes are:

U2-U1 = l -P (V2-V1)

l = (U2 + PV2) - (U1 + PV1)

large U + PV is called enthalpy (h) so that:

l = h2 - h1

Azas Black and Calorimetry

Two substances (system) where the temperature initially berbedakemudian mixed under
conditions of adiabatic then upon the occurrence of thermal equilibrium by both agents, the
amount of heat is released which tempreaturnya first height equal to the heat received by the
substance whose temperature is initially lower , according to Black applies:

Q freelance = Q received

If it comes to the price of the specific heat of a substance can be determined haga
Black.Prinsip specific heat zatberdasarkan pengkuran principle is called a calorimeter.

CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION

Book Discussion

Books by Prof.Dr.Makmur Sirait Thermodynamics and Engineering Thermodynamics by

Michael J Moran, both explaining the definition of writing as well as different language but
has the same meaning. Both of these books each explain the legal basis I Thermodynamics.

Prof.Dr.Makmur book Sirait, the first law of Thermodynamics M.Si described

succinctly and specifically in detail so that the reader is easier to understand. Thus, the
objectives of the author can be easily obtained by readers. However, the book Michael J Moran
explanation of the first law of thermodynamics is less compact so that the reader is hard to
understand the meaning, but even so it's not entirely a bad impact. In other words, understand
the difficulties that can be hyper ability to think readers to do more to seek the essence of the
material being read.

Thermodynamics book essay Prof.Dr.Makmur Sirait, M.Si aimed at the academic,

especially students because inidigunakan book as a handbook (diktat) for students of Physics
Bilingual Education in 2018 means that the placement is appropriate books. The book is in the
presentation of the material is designed to display the first law of thermodynamics is short, but
describes an overall discussion.

Explanation of the contents of the book have also been described well as the division
of each section are grouped according to the sequence of general information to the special and
particular to the public so that the reader can easily obtain information from the book. Not only
that, in each end of the material contained comtoh bebrerapa-sample questions could then serve
as a reference point for the reader to dig deeper material on the first Law of Thermodynamics.
Advantages and Disadvantages of books
In the book of Engineering Thermodynamics by Michael J Moran material on the first law of
thermodynamics is explained well, but did not detail so that the explanation is very long and
less dense.

In the book Thermodynamics by Prof.Dr.Makmur Sirait, the first law of thermodynamics

subject already explained in detail, short, compact and easy to understand readers.

CHAPTER IV

COVER

Conclusion
After reviewing the two books, can we conclude that:

1. In the book Thermodynamics by Prof.Dr.Makmur Sirait easier to understand than the book
by Michael J Engineering Thermodynamics Moran because of any material over a fairly
detailed explanation is given.

2. Proof of the formula in the book Thermodynamics by Prof.Dr.Makmur Sirait made clear
while on the books of Engineering Thermodynamics by Michael J Moran on the first law of
Thermodynamics proof formula is still not complete.

3. In the book Thermodynamics by Prof.Dr.Makmur Sirait erdapat explanation of each of the

constants so that readers who are still easier to understand, while the Engineering
Thermodynamics book by Michael J Moran still nothing explained only slightly.

Recommendation
1. To Books Engineering Thermodynamics by Michael J Moran formula ought to be made
more and detail as well as proof in order to add to the reader more easily understood.

2. To book Prof.Dr.Makmur Sirait Thermodynamics by supporting data should be included in

the form of tables that can be used as additional resources for readers.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Moran, Michael.2004.Termodinamika Teknik.Jakarta: Erland

Sirait, Makmur.2019.Termodinamika.Medan: Faculty Unimed