Ghana Solar Pumping Project1

Solar Water Pumping Project
Ghana
Joint Project of:

World Vision and the
Always On Solar™ Project (Rotary and the Northwest Solar Group)
Report submitted by
Brad Burkhartzmeyer for
TM
Always On Solar™
October 2008
Ghana Solar Water Pumping Project
Table of Contents
Cover Page .........................................................................…...1

Table of Contents……………………………………………...2
Overview of Project……………………………………….......3
Map of Ghana…………………………………………………5
Budget Summary………………………………………….......6
Project Sites
Sindigu………………………………………………..7
The Community Water needs……………........8
Site Schematic…………………………….…..9
Calculations……………………………….…10
Pump statistics and projected volumes……....13
Ying………………………………………………….14
The Community Water needs…………….….15
Site Schematic……………………………….16
Calculations………………………………….17
Pump statistics and projected volumes………20
Kpalba……………………………………………….
The Community Water needs………………..21
Site Schematic……………………………….24
Calculations………………………………….25
Pump statistics and projected volumes………28
Detailed budget and list of materials needed………………..29

Why we chose Solar Power for this project…………………33
Solar System Schematic/description/Specifications………...34
Reference documentation ………………………………….

Solar and Climate Data Table…………………..……41
Data Set from all Sites………………………….........44
Always On Solar™ is a joint project between the Rotary Club of Federal Way and the North West Solar
Group. Both are non-profit 501-C3 organizations that seek to improve the lives of people by providing
clean energy where it is needed most. Contact them through Brad Burkhartzmeyer at
brad@sunseyepower.com
Acknowledgements go to Rajiv Nagaich for use of the “Always On” name and to Walt Ratterman from Sun Energy Power
International for the basic outline provided by this report in his publication Solar Pumping Systems – Introductory and Feasibility
Guide (www.sunEPI.org)
©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 -2-
Ghana Solar Water Pumping Project
Overview
There is a need for pumping water from wells bored in northern Ghana. Many of
the people in rural Ghana are subsistence farmers who rely on intermittent sources of
water for their domestic needs. Many new wells have been bored (by World Vision) in
these rural areas of Ghana. Most of these wells have been equipped with hand pumps.
There are some situations where the hand pumping is not feasible and a
mechanized pumping system would better provide for the domestic water needs of the
community. These wells are located a great distance from the community or are located
in a swampy area that cannot be accessed on foot. It is to these sites that our team from
the U.S. was taken by members of World Vision Ghana.
We conducted a
feasibility study for
mechanizing bore wells
with solar powered
pumps to provide water
for the community in
the Northern Regions
of Ghana in August
2008. This study was
commissioned in order
to launch a joint World
Vision (WV)/Rotary
project aimed at
extending access to
clean water in
electricity scarce
regions of northern
Ghana. A small team from the United States—Brad Burkhartzmeyer (Solar Technical
Expert), Dhaval Dhru (Rotary Federal Way Representative), and John Stiefel (WVUS
WASH Specialist)—joined the World Vision ‘Ghana Rural Water Project (GRWP)’ staff
to identify potential project sites.
Our team visited 10 different sites. We have selected three of the sites as having
the most need for solar pumped water that can provide for the greatest number of people.
The sites are Sindigu, Ying, and Kpalba. Each of these communities has a unique and
difficult situation for getting their daily water needs. You will find a description of each
of the sites in the pages that follow. The technical data and calculations to determine the
solar power and pump needed are included as well, followed by the projected daily water
capacity that will be pumped at each site.
A comprehensive budget has been prepared to provide each of the three
communities with the pump, the solar power plant, the storage tanks, the faucets and
necessary plumbing pipes and valves, as well as a fence to protect the equipment.
The solar pumping project will provide 40 liters of water per day to each person
in these communities from a tap stand located no more than 300 meters from their homes.
Currently the folks in these communities are walking more that 1 kilometer to retrieve
water on a daily basis. All of the wells have been tested to ensure that the water is safe to
drink for the community. Pump tests have been performed on the wells to ensure that the
well can recover its water level even while pumping it out with the solar power.
Extensive training will be provided for representatives from each community and
the staff at World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project. Since each community will own
it’s power plant and pumping system, we want provide the training capacity so that the
systems can be maintained and provide years of water.
We aim to provide the power plant, pump, water delivery system, and the
necessary training for $62.00 per person served.
Technical Representative
Brad Burkhartzmeyer
(253)-414-4099
brad@sunseyepower.com
Rotary Representative
Bill Feldt
(253)-839-0665
billfeldt@comcast.net
Ying
Kpalba
Sindigu
GHANA SOLAR PUMPING PROJECT - MATERIALS LIST
Date: Oct 21, 2008
MATERIALS SITE TOTALS
Sindigu Ying Kpalba All
SOLAR SYSTEM 6,141.17 12,157.14 19,628.02 37,926.33
WATER TANK 3,200.00 9,400.00 12,600.00 25,200.00
FENCING 1,308.00 1,308.00 2,190.00 4,806.00
PIPING 2,546.22 2,680.16 6,674.72 11,901.10
TAP STAND STRUCTURE/PLUMBING ASSEMBLY 1,530.00 1,530.00 4,590.00 7,650.00
ELECTRICAL 1,142.96 1,452.96 1,627.12 4,223.04
LABOR / EQUIPMENT 1,077.00 3,010.00 1,706.00 5,793.00
OPERATION & MAINTANENCE 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 3,000.00
OTHER (shipping, etc.) 1,237.50 1,237.50 1,237.50 3,712.50
Sub total 19,182.85 33,775.76 51,253.36 104,211.97
World Vision Overhead/Admin costs at 21% 4,028.40 7,092.91 10,763.21 21,884.51
SUB-TOTAL 23,211.25 40,868.67 62,016.57 126,096.00
TRAINING AND TRAVEL All Sites TOTALS

CAPACITY BUILDING 8,300.00
TRAVEL, FOOD, LODGING, INSTRUCTORS 19,720.00
Sub total 28,020.00
World Vision Overhead/Admin costs at 21% 5,884.00
SUB-TOTAL 33,904.00
GRAND TOTAL 160,000.00
Always On Solar™ Project for Ghana
Community Information
Village Name: Sindigu
Village Location: Savalugu-Nanton district of the Northern Region of Ghana
Estimated 2008 population: 220
Altitude/latitude: 300 m, 9° 41’ N, 0° 48’W
Description of the current situation for water in the village:
Currently the
women from this
small community
walk about 1.2
kilometers to
retrieve water for
daily domestic
needs from a well
equipped with a
hand pump. World
Vision’s Ghana
Rural Water Project
has recently drilled
two new wells in a
low lying area about
700 meters from the
village. Because
these new bore
holes are located in
a low area far from
the village we are
proposing to use solar power to pump water into a storage tank located closer to the
village. Tap stands with faucets would be located adjacent to the tanks. It is believed that
the community itself owns all of the land across which the distribution pipes would be
installed.
Water Requirements
Using the minimum water requirement of 40 liters per day per person, Sindigu’s 220
inhabitants would need about 8,800 liters per day (2,315 gallons per day). The system
would provide water for domestic drinking, cooking, and laundry, but not for crop
irrigation or raising animals.
Water Resource
World Vision’s Ghana

Rural Water Project has
bored wells 37 and 43
meters deep, that have
a recovery rates of 100
and 230 liters per
minute. This recovery
rate is well above the
projected solar
pumping rate of 30
lpm. The solar array
can be located adjacent
to the bore hole and
will pump water into
one 10,000 liter storage
tank that will be located
as far up the hill as we
can with the given
pump.
Water storage/Vertical Lift/ Solar Array Sizing
The tank(s) will be approximately 10000 liters in capacity to provide the community with
1.25 days of usage. A total dynamic head has been calculated to be 44 meters and the
solar array has been calculated to be 700 watts. We are using 4.53 peak sun hours for
calculations (Feb in highest with 6.21 peak sun hours and august lowest with 4.53)
Design Summary
Peak Sun Hours: 4.53 hours per day during least sunny month
Liters per day/ Gal per day: 8800 liters (2315 gal)
Total dynamic Head 44 meters
Hydraulic Energy needed; .994 KwHr/day
Estimated array size: 700 watts
Projected Budget
We project that US$23,212.00 will be needed to bring this water up from the ground and
deliver it to standpipes located nearer the homes using solar power. This is exclusive of
substantial in-kind contributions, labor provided by the community, training, and travel
needed to complete the project. The in-kind contributions are estimated at
US$15,000.00.
Conclusion
The relatively low population and the relatively low change in elevation to get water to a
point only 300 meters from the homes make this a good candidate for solar pumping. Of
the site visited in August of 2008 this site would be near the top of the feasibility scale.
Sindigu site
Calculations
This is a summary of the technical calculations and statistics used to make them. These
figures are based on information supplied by the field staff at World Vision’s Ghana
Rural Water Project who bored the wells and conducted the pumping and water tests.
1 Location of Bore well: Sindigu

2 Population 2000 census 165
2008 estimated 201
3 Daily production liters (40 lpd/person) 8040
4 Head (meters)
Well Depth 43
Dynamic Head 35
Tank Height 3
Terrain Rise 4
Friction Loss adder(see calcs 3 & 4) 1.41
Total Head (meters) 43.41
5 Pumped piping distance 500
6 Gravity piping distance 700
7 M4 =Head x cubic lpd needed 349
8 Solar Go (If M4 < 1500) Yes
9 Tested Recovery Rate (lpm) 150
10 Solar Pumping Rate Needed*
gal/min* 8
liter/min** 30
11 Hydraulic Energy Needed (KwHr/day) 0.951
12 Solar Array watts 617
*the gpm rate is daily consumption liters/3.8 gal/liter/4.53 peak sun hours/60 minutes/hour
** The lpm rate is daily consumption liters/4.53 peak sun hours/60 minutes/hour.
1 Hydraulic Energy Needed Sindigu

6
Eh = ρgHV/3.6x10
where Eh = hydraulic energy required in KwHr/Day
ρ = density of water (1000kg/m3)
2
g = gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s )
H = total hydraulic head (m)
3
V = volume of water required (m /day)
Eh = H x V x 0.002725
Eh = 43.41 x 8.04 x 0.002725
Eh = 0.95107 KwHr/day
©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 10 -

2 Solar Array Size Sindigu
A = Eh/eFId
where A = array size in Kilowatts
Eh = hydraulic energy needed in KwHr/day
e = daily subsystem efficiencies (typically .25 - .40)
F = array mismatch factor (0.85 on average)
Id = average daily solar irradiance (worst month 4.53)
A= Eh / e / F / Id
A= 0.95107 / 0.4 / 0.85 / 4.53
A= 0.617 Kilowatt
3 Friction Losses of Water Flow in Pipes - Pumping up from well to transition to 2"
Village Sindigu
Flow Rate (gallons per minute) 8 gpm
Pipe diameter 1.5"
Friction lost factor per 100 feet of pipe from chart 0.72
1 1.5" loss
Fittings Quantity factor Extension
90° Elbow 4 4.00 16.00
45° Elbow 0 1.75 0.00
Insert Coupling 0 1.25 0.00
Gate Valve 0 0.80 0.00
Male-Female Adaptor 1 2.75 2.75
TEE flow through run 0 2.30 0.00
TEE flow through
branch 0 7.00 0.00
Union Fitting 1 2.00 2.00
Ball valve 1 0.80 0.80
Check Valve 1 0.80 0.80
Other 0 1.00 0.00
Fittings Total
(feet) = 22.35 feet
2 Pipe Run lengths (meters)
Well depth 35
Lateral Distance 2
Vertical Distance 0
Other 0
Total Pipe length (m) 37 x 3.3 ft/m= 122.1 feet
3 Total feet of pipe for friction calculations = 144.45 feet
4 Calculate what to add to overall head due to friction
Total feet divide by 100 1.44
Multiplied by friction factor from chart 0.72
Feet to add to overall head length is = 1.04 feet
Meters to add to overall head length is = 0.32 meters

4 Friction Losses in Pipes - 2" from top of well to Tank location
Village Sindigu
Flow Rate (gallons per minute) 8
Pipe diameter 2
1 2.0"
loss
90° Elbow 4 6.00 24.00
45° Elbow 0 2.50 0.00
TEE flow through
branch 0 12.00 0.00
Other 0 3.00 0.00
Fittings Total
(feet) = 36.00 feet
Well depth 0
Lateral Distance 500
Vertical Distance 8
Other 0
x 3.3
Total Pipe length (m) 508 ft/m= 1676.4 feet
3 Total feet of pipe for friction calculations = 1712.40 feet

Village Name: Ying
Village Location: Savelugu-Nanton district of the Northern Region of Ghana
Altitude: 300 m, 9° 42’ N, 0° 48’W
Description of the current situation for water in the village:
This is a small farming community where the women walk about 2 kilometers to retrieve
water for daily domestic needs. World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project has drilled
two new high-yield bore holes located 1000 meters from the community. Because these
new bore holes are located in a low, swampy area we propose using solar power to pump
water up the hill into storage tanks located closer to the village. Tap stands with faucets
will be located adjacent to the storage tanks. It is believed the community owns the land
across which the distribution pipes would be installed.
Water Requirements
Using the minimum water

requirement of 40 liters per day per
person Ying’s 717 inhabitants need
about 28,800 liters per day (7,500
gallons per day). The system would
provide water for domestic drinking,
cooking, and laundry, but not for
crop irrigation or raising animals.
Water Resource
World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project has bored two wells, 28 and 31 meters deep,
that have recovery rates of 260 and 290 liters per minute. This recovery rate is well
above the solar pumping rate of 106 lpm that we project. The solar array can be located

adjacent to the bore hole and pump water into four 10,000 liter storage tanks located
about 15 meters higher in elevation and 500 meters closer to the village.
Water storage/ Vertical Lift/ Solar Array Sizing
The tank(s) will be approximately 40,000 liters in capacity and will provide about 1.4
days of storage capacity for the people of Ying. A total dynamic head has been calculated
to be 31 meters for each of the two boreholes. We plan to install a solar pump at each
well. The solar array for each well has been calculated to be 700 watts. We are using
4.53 peak sun hours for calculations (Feb in highest with 6.21 peak sun hours and august
lowest with 4.53)
Design Summary
Peak Sun Hours: 4.53

Liters per day/ Gal per day: 28,800 liters (7,500 gal)
Hydraulic Energy needed 2,370 KwHr/day
Estimated array size: 1500 watts (split into two 700 watt systems)
Projected Budget
We project that US$

40,900.00 will be needed
to bring this water up
from the ground and
deliver it to standpipes
located nearer the homes
using solar power. This is
exclusive of substantial
in-kind contributions,
labor provided by the
community, training, and
travel needed to complete
the project. The in-kind
contributions are
estimated at
US$15,000.00.
Conclusion

This site ranks high on the need scale for solar pumping because it serves a school as well
as a farming community and the wells are located in a swampy area making it difficult to
access on foot. The drawback is that the medium volume combined with high head due
to steep terrain makes this system more costly due to the need for booster pumps to push
water up hill closer to the school.
Ying site

Calculations
1 Location of Bore well: Ying 1

2008 estimated 717
4 Head (meters)
Well Depth 28
Dynamic Head 11
Tank Height 0
Terrain Rise = 20 meters 15
Friction Loss adder(see calc 3 & 4) 4.86
Total Head (meters) 30.86
7 M4 =Head x cubic lpd needed 885
8 Solar Go (If M4 < 1500) Yes
gal/min 28
liter/min** 106
11 Hydraulic Energy Needed (KwHr/day) 2.412
*The gpm rate is daily consumption liters/3.8 gal/liter/4.51 peak sun hours/60 minutes/hour.
** The lpm rate is daily consumption liters/4.51 peak sun hours/60 minutes/hour.
1 Hydraulic Energy Needed Ying 1

6
Eh = ρgHV/3.6x10
3
ρ = density of water (1000kg/m )
2
g = gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s )
3
V = volume of water required (m /day)
Eh = H x V x 0.002725
Eh = 30.86 x 28.7 x 0.002725
Eh = 2.4118 KwHr/day

2 Solar Array Size Ying 1
A = Eh/eFId
A= Eh / e / F / Id
A= 2.4118 / 0.4 / 0.85 / 4.53
A= 1.566 Kilowatt
3 Friction Losses of Water Flow in Pipes - Pumping up from well to transition to 2"
Village Ying
Pipe diameter (inches) 1.5
1 1.50" loss
90° Elbow 4 4.00 16.00
45° Elbow 0 2.00 0.00
TEE flow through branch 0 8.00 0.00
Other 0 1.50 0.00
Fittings Total (feet) = 24.00 feet
Dynamic head 11
Lateral Distance 3
Vertical Distance 0
Other 0
Total Pipe length (m) 14 x 3.3 ft/m= 46.2 feet
3 Total feet of pipe for friction calculation = 70.20 feet

4 Friction Losses in Pipes - 2" from top of well to Tank location
Village Ying
Pipe diameter 2
1 2.0" loss
90° Elbow 4 6.00 24.00
45° Elbow 0 2.50 0.00
Other 0 3.00 0.00
Fittings Total (feet)
= 48.00 feet
Well depth 0
Vertical Distance 15
Other 0
x 3.3
Total Pipe length (m) 515 ft/m= 1699.5 feet

Village Name: Kpalba (three communities)
Village Location: Saboba-Chereponi district of the Northern Region of Ghana
Altitude: 300 m, 9° 32’ N, 0° 15’ E
Description of the current water situation
Currently the village is getting water from a seasonal river that is about two kilometers
away. The river water is not as clean as the well water and nearly dries up in the dry
season. A new high yielding bore hole well has been drilled in a shallow depression and
is to serve the three small communities that make up Kpalba. We propose using solar
powered pumps to
pump water into a
storage tanks located at
a higher elevation than
the borehole. Gravity
will then be used to
distribute water to tap
stand faucets located
nearer each of the three
groupings of homes. It
is believed the
community owns all of
the land across which
the distribution pipes
would be installed.
Water Requirements
Using the minimum water requirement of 30 liters per day per person Kapalba’s 1583
inhabitants would need about 47,500 liters per day (12,500 gallons per day). The system
would provide water for domestic drinking, cooking, and laundry, but not for crop
irrigation or raising animals.
Water Resource
World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project has bored a well 34 meters deep that has a
recovery rate of 250 liters per minute. This recovery rate is above the solar pumping rate

of 175 lpm that we project. The solar array can be located adjacent to the bore hole and
pump water into five 10,000 liter storage tanks that would be located some distance up
the hill. From this location that is about 10 meters above the bore hole gravity may then
feed water to a standpipe location at each of the three communities.
Water storage/Vertical Lift/Solar Array Sizing
The tank(s) will be approximately

50,000 liters in capacity. A total
dynamic head has been calculated to
be 39 meters and the solar array has
been calculated to be 2800 watts.
We are using 4.53 peak sun hours
for calculations (February is highest
with 6.21 peak sun hours and
August lowest with 4.53). We
propose to install two 1400 watt
systems with two pumps, both
dropped into the same borehole.
Design Summary
Peak Sun Hours: 4.53

Liters per day/ Gal per day: 47,500 liters (6,985 gallons)
Hydraulic Energy needed 4.2 KwHr/day
Estimated array size: 2800 watts (Two arrays of 1400 each)
Projected Budget
We project that US$ 62,100.00 will be needed to bring this water up from the ground and
deliver it to standpipes located nearer the homes using solar power. This is exclusive of
substantial in-kind contributions, labor provided by the community, training, and travel
needed to complete the project.

Conclusion
This community currently has very limited access to water so the site is high in priority
for need. The high volume of water needed for 1500 people and the rise of 29 meters in
the terrain between the pump and one of the communities increases the costs of the
system. We can pump enough water for 30 liters per person per day by using two
submersible pumps because the well has a high yield and a good recovery rate. This site
can be served by a lower cost per person for water delivered than many of the other sites.

Kpalba site

Calculations
1
1 Location of Bore well: Kpalba 1 & 2
2008 estimated 1583
4 Head (meters)
Well Depth 34
Dynamic Head 22.54
Tank Height 0
Terrain Rise = 29m 12
Friction Loss adder(1.5" pipe) 4.46
Total Head (meters) 39
7 M4 =Head x cubic lpd needed 1,852
8 Solar Go (If M4 < 1500) NO
gal/min 46
liter/min** 175
11 Hydraulic Energy Needed per day 5.047
1. There will be two pumps lowered into the same bore well.
1 Hydraulic Energy Needed Kpalba

6
Eh = ρgHV/3.6x10
3
ρ = density of water (1000kg/m )
g = gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s2)
V = volume of water required (m3/day)
Eh = H x V x 0.002725
Eh = 39 x 47.49 x 0.002725
Eh = 5.047 KwHr/day

2 Solar Array Size Kpalba
A = Eh/eFId
A= Eh / e / F / Id
A= 5.047 / 0.4 / 0.85 / 4.53
A= 3.277 Kilowatt
3 Friction Losses of Water Flow in Pipes - pump to Tee

Village Kpalba
Flow Rate (gallons per minute)* 10
Pipe diameter (inches) 1.5
1 1.5" loss
90° Elbow 4 4.00 16.00
45° Elbow 0 2.00 0.00
Other 0 1.50 0.00
Dynamic Head 22.54
Lateral Distance 4
Other 0
Total Pipe length (m) 26.54 x 3.3 ft/m= 87.582 feet

4 Friction Losses of Water Flow in Pipes - from Tee to tanks up the hill
Village Kpalba
Pipe diameter 2
1 2.0" loss
90° Elbow 4 6.00 24.00
45° Elbow 0 2.50 0.00
TEE flow through
branch 1 12.00 12.00
Other 0 3.00 0.00
Well depth 0
Other 0
Total Pipe length (m) 500 x 3.3 ft/m= 1650 feet

Summary Page of Budget

Date: Oct 21, 2008
SOLAR SYSTEM 6,141.17 12,157.14 19,628.02 37,926.33
WATER TANK 3,200.00 9,400.00 12,600.00 25,200.00
FENCING 1,308.00 1,308.00 2,190.00 4,806.00
PIPING 2,546.22 2,680.16 6,674.72 11,901.10
TAP STAND STRUCTURE/PLUMBING
ASSEMBLY 1,530.00 1,530.00 4,590.00 7,650.00
ELECTRICAL 1,142.96 1,452.96 1,627.12 4,223.04
LABOR / EQUIPMENT 1,077.00 3,010.00 1,706.00 5,793.00
Sub total 19,182.85 33,775.76 51,253.36 104,211.97
World Vision Overhead/Admin costs at 21% 4,028.40 7,092.91 10,763.21 21,884.51
SUB-TOTAL 23,211.25 40,868.67 62,016.57 126,096.00
TRAINING AND TRAVEL All Sites

TOTALS
CAPACITY BUILDING 8,300.00
TRAVEL, FOOD, LODGING, INSTRUCTORS 19,720.00
Sub total 28,020.00
World Vision Overhead/Admin costs at 21% 5,884.00
SUB-TOTAL 33,904.00
GRAND TOTAL 160,000.00

Date: Oct 21, 2008
SOLAR SYSTEM 6,141.17 12,157.14 19,628.02 37,926.33
WATER TANK 3,200.00 9,400.00 12,600.00 25,200.00
FENCING 1,308.00 1,308.00 2,190.00 4,806.00
PIPING 2,546.22 2,680.16 6,674.72 11,901.10
TAP STAND STRUCTURE/PLUMBING ASSEMBLY 1,530.00 1,530.00 4,590.00 7,650.00
ELECTRICAL 1,142.96 1,452.96 1,627.12 4,223.04
LABOR / EQUIPMENT 1,077.00 3,010.00 1,706.00 5,793.00
Sub total 19,182.85 33,775.76 51,253.36 104,211.97
World Vision Overhead and Admin costs at 21% 4,028.40 7,092.91 10,763.21 21,884.51
SUB-TOTAL 23,211.25 40,868.67 62,016.57 126,096.00
TRAINING AND TRAVEL All Sites TOTALS

CAPACITY BUILDING 8,300.00 8,300.00
TRAVEL, FOOD, LODGING, INSTRUCTORS 19,720.00 19,720.00
Sub total 28,020.00 28,020.00
World Vision Overhead and Admin costs at 21% 5,884.00 5,884.00
SUB-TOTAL 33,904.00 33,904.00
GRAND TO TAL 160,000.00

MATERIALS UNIT PRICE SITE
October 21, 2008 Sindigu Ying Kpalba
SOLAR SYSTEM
Submersible pump (No. of units) 1,370.00 1 1,370.00 2 2,740.00 2 2,740.00
Controller CU200 for float switch and readout (No. of units) 220.09 1 220.09 2 440.18 2 440.18
Controller IO 101 for generator control (No. of units) 293.12 1 293.12 2 586.24 1 293.12
Solar array (No. of 175 watt panels) 810.00 4 3,240.00 8 6,480.00 16 12,960.00
Rack for solar array (No. of units) supports 4 solar panels 380.00 1 380.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Rack for solar array (No. of units) supports 8 solar panels 780.00 0 0.00 1 780.00 2 1,560.00
Float switch (No. of units) 13.55 1 13.55 2 27.10 2 27.10
Disconnect switch with fuses dc rated 30 amp outdoor (No. of units) 197.09 1 197.09 2 394.18 2 394.18
3" (152 mm) schedule 40 galvanized steel pole - min 5 m (No. of units) 75.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
3
1.6 m of reinforced concrete (No. of units) 60.00 1 60.00 1 60.00 2 120.00
Rope 3/8" poly for supporting pump (No. of units) 25.00 1 25.00 2 50.00 2 50.00
Booster pump - total solar assembly (No. of units) 5,000.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Lightning ArrestorL 27.72 1 27.72 2 55.44 2 55.44
Solar Panel interconnect cables (30 feet of MC4) 25.00 2 50.00 4 100.00 4 100.00
Misc solar material 100.00 1 100.00 1 100.00 2 200.00
Sub-total 6,141.17 12,157.14 19,628.02
WATER TANK
10m³ poly tank(s) (No. of units) 1,400.00 1 1,400.00 3 4,200.00 4 5,600.00
water tower / structure [total height (m) of water tower(s) including sub-
terrain foundation] -or- alternatively use a concrete slab for water tank,
with tap downhill 850.00 2 1,700.00 6 5,100.00 8 6,800.00
additional 5m³ poly tank located at the tap stand (No. of units) 800.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Misc tank and structure material 100.00 1 100.00 1 100.00 2 200.00
Sub-total 3,200.00 9,400.00 12,600.00
FENCING
2.5 m tall fence: chain link / barb wire (m) 52.00 24 1,248.00 24 1,248.00 40 2,080.00
lock (No. of units) 10.00 1 10.00 1 10.00 1 10.00
Misc fencing parts/materials 50.00 1 50.00 1 50.00 2 100.00
Sub-total 1,308.00 1,308.00 2,190.00
PIPING
tank to tap:
2 inch (50 mm) inner diameter PVC - type PVC40PE (m) 4.00 500 2,000.00 500 2,000.00 1400 5,600.00
2 inch (50 mm) union fitting (No. of units) 15.00 1 15.00 1 15.00 3 45.00
2 inch (50 mm) bulk head fitting [two per tank] (No. of units) 28.00 2 56.00 4 112.00 10 280.00
2 inch (50 mm) 90 degree elbow (No. of units) 2.00 4 8.00 5 10.00 10 20.00
2 inch (50 mm) Y fitting (No. of units) 10.00 0 0.00 1 10.00 3
2 inch (50 mm) male adapter (No. of units) 7.00 2 14.00 2 14.00 6 42.00
2 inch (50 mm) coupling (No. of units) 7.00 20 140.00 20 140.00 40 280.00
2 inch (50 mm) reducing fitting 2" to 3/4 inch (No. of units) 1.60 1 1.60 1 1.60 4 6.40
2 inch (50 mm) ball valve 11.88 1 11.88 1 11.88 3 35.64
well to tank:
1.25 inch male adapter 1.50 1 1.50 2 3.00 2 3.00
1.25 inch inner diamter PVC (m) 2.60 1 2.60 1 2.60 1 2.60
1.5 inch (38 mm) inner diameter PVC (m) 2.60 60 156.00 80 208.00 80 208.00
1.5 inch (38 mm) union fitting (No. of units) 15.00 1 15.00 2 30.00 2 30.00
1.5 inch (38 mm) bulk head fitting (No. of units) 25.00 1 25.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
1.5 inch (38 mm) 90 degree elbow (No. of units) 1.50 4 6.00 4 6.00 4 6.00
1.5 inch (38 mm) male adapter (No. of units) 1.50 4 6.00 4 6.00 4 6.00
1.5 inch (38 mm) coupling (No. of units) 0.65 8 5.20 8 5.20 8 5.20
1.5 inch (38 mm) ball valver (No. of units) 9.94 1 9.94 2 19.88 2 19.88
1.5 inch (38mm) to 1.25 inch reducing fitting 2.50 1 2.50 2 5.00 2 5.00
1.5 inch check valve 10.00 1 10.00 2 20.00 2 20.00
PVC glue (500 ml) 5.00 2 10.00 2 10.00 2 10.00
Misc plumbing materials 50.00 1 50.00 1 50.00 1 50.00
Sub-total 2,546.22 2,680.16 6,674.72
TAP STAND STRUCTURE/PLUMBING ASSEMBLY
tap stand (No. of units) 1,500.00 1 1,500.00 1 1,500.00 3 4,500.00
lock (No. of units) 10.00 1 10.00 1 10.00 3 30.00
a lockable 'switch off' valve (No. of units) 20.00 1 20.00 1 20.00 3 60.00
Sub-total 1,530.00 1,530.00 4,590.00

MATERIALS UNIT PRICE SITE
October 21, 2008 Sindigu Ying Kpalba
ELECTRICAL
1.5 mm (2 core) electrical wiring-for float switch (m) 0.62 500 310.00 1000 620.00 1000 620.00
Submersible pump wire (3 wire, #10 AWG) (m) 2.50 60 150.00 60 150.00 60 150.00
1 inch (25 mm) inn er diameter PVC electrical conduit (m) 0.90 560 504.00 560 504.00 600 540.00
1 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - 90° 0.90 16 14.40 16 14.40 32 28.80
1 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - coupling 0.90 36 32.40 36 32.40 60 54.00
1 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - m ale adaptor 0.90 16 14.40 16 14.40 32 28.80
1 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - locknut 0.90 16 14.40 16 14.40 32 28.80
1 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - one hole rigid strap 0.84 4 3.36 4 3.36 8 6.72
1 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - LB fitting 2.80 4 11.20 4 11.20 8 22.40
1 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - 45° 1.10 8 8.80 8 8.80 16 17.60
Plastic junction box with lid 250mmX250mmX80mm (approx) 15.00 2 30.00 2 30.00 2 30.00
Misc electrical parts 25.00 2 50.00 2 50.00 4 100.00
Sub-total 1,142.96 1 ,452.96 1,627.12
LABOR / EQUIPMENT
Labor to install tank/tower structure (days) 133.00 1 133.00 2 266.00 2 266.00
Labor to install fencing (m) 6.00 24 144.00 24 144.00 40 240.00
Labor to install pole for solar (days) 200.00 1 200.00 1 200.00 1 200.00
Labor to install solar panels/pump (hours) 100.00 1 100.00 1 100.00 2 200.00
Truck for transport of goods/people (days) 300.00 1 300.00 1 300.00 2 600.00
Labor misc 100.00 2 200.00 2 200.00 2 200.00
Pumping tests 1,800.00 0 0.00 1 1 ,800.00 0 0.00
Labor to dig trench es and install piping in kind
Sub-total 1,077.00 3 ,010.00 1,706.00
OPERATION & MAINTANENCE
Ongoing sustainability of project 1,000.00 1 1,000.00 1 1 ,000.00 1 1,000.00
Maintenance costs and tariffs etc 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sub-total 1,000.00 1 ,000.00 1,000.00
TOTAL 17,945.35 32 ,538.26 50,015.86
Cost per person served 89.73 45.19 31.60
UNIT ITEM
COST QTY COST
CAPACITY BUILDING - assume 20 people for one week
Printed Training materials 400 1 400.00
Solar Lab Materials 2500 1 2,500.00
Tools 400 1 400.00
Housing for Solar installation training sessions (No. of people) 50 10 500.00
Food for Solar installation training sessions (No. of people) 20 25 500.00
Stipend to be paid to community workers during training and installations400.00 10 4,000.00
Misc 0.00 0 0.00
Subtotal 8,300.00
TRAVEL
Instructor/Trainer fee (days) (Walt Ratterman) 400.00 10 4,000.00
AirFare (Brad, Chris,Walt) 2,600.00 3 7,800.00
Lodging for trainers (Brad,Chris,Walt) 1,520.00 3 4,560.00
Food for trainers (Brad,Chris,Walt) 1,000.00 3 3,000.00
Misc travel expenses for taxi, airport, etc 120.00 3 360.00
Subtotal 19,720.00

Why we chose Solar Power for this project.
We chose solar electric panels as the source of energy to power the pumps for this
project for a number of reasons. The northern region of Ghana has an excellent solar
resource and the system we have designed uses proven and dependable technology to
pump sufficient quantities of water without the use of expensive fuels or unreliable grid
power.
Unlike many conventional pumping systems, the solar pump can operate
unattended. The design is simple; when the sun is shining the pump is pumping water.
There are very few moving parts which alleviates the need for continued costly
maintenance. The system essentially contains three main components: The solar array, a
controller, and the pump. The array consists of four to eight solar panels mounted on a
pole. The electricity generated by the solar panels passes first through the control box
where it is regulated before energizing the pump. The pump that has been selected is a
Grundfos brand submersible pump (SQFlex) that is made with stainless steel parts and
has a warranty of 10 years. The pump can start pumping with as little as 30 volts of
power and will increase the volume of water pumped as the voltage produced by the solar
panels increases throughout the day. The pump also has the capability to run off of a.c.
power from a portable generator in the event the sun is not shining or the control has
malfunctioned. This gives the community the greatest flexibility. The pump is also
capable of running off of the utility grid as well, if it ever reaches the village.
The panels come with a 25 year performance warranty. This exceeds the
warranties provided on other possible fuel sources, like diesel or propane, which power
generators. Maintenance on solar panels is minimal and involves nothing more than
washing the dust off occasionally. Generators require regular maintenance with oil and
air filter changes and require re-fueling for the entirety of their useful service life. The
fuel and maintenance costs associated with generators increases overall operating
expense and requires the community to purchase fuel with the little cash they have
available. Solar panels produce electricity without any noise or without any pollution.
Generators are noisy and cause atmospheric pollution due to the combustion of fossil
fuels. The volatile price of fossil fuels can also add to the financial stress of a
community.
Using the electrical power grid to power a pump is often an economical and
feasible way to pump water from wells. However, the villages where we will be
installing the pumps do not currently have access to the electric grid. In all cases it is
several miles away and would cost more to extend the lines than the installation of a solar
system. In addition the electric grid is erratic and unreliable and cannot be depended
upon for daily water pumping needs.
The solar pumping system will provide an adequate supply of clean drinking
water to community members while eliminating the need for on-going fuel expenditures,
maintenance and reliance upon an unreliable grid. Communities serviced by solar
powered pumps will enjoy ownership of the system and direct control over its power and
function. They will also be introduced to a technology that fosters a sustainable energy
ethic along with local and global environmental consciousness.

NASA Surface meteorology and Solar
Energy - Available Tables
Latitude 10 / Longitude -1 was chosen.
Elevation: 216 meters

averaged from the
Geometry Information USGS GTOPO30
digital elevation model
Northern
boundary
11
Center
Western boundary Eastern boundary
Latitude 10.5
-1 0
Longitude -0.5
Southern
boundary
10
Solar Geometry:
Monthly Averaged Maximum Solar Angle Relative To The Horizon (degrees)

Lat 10
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Lon -1
Average 59.2 67.6 78.1 89.7 81.1 76.9 78.7 86.2 83.0 71.5 61.8 57.1
Cloud Information:
Monthly Averaged Daylight Cloud Amount (%)

Lat 10 Annual
Lon -1 Average
22-year
24.0 30.2 53.9 64.9 60.7 59.6 68.5 74.0 65.3 44.5 30.8 26.1 50.3
Average

Parameters for Tilted Solar Panels:
Monthly Averaged Radiation Incident On An Equator-Pointed Tilted Surface

(kWh/m2/day)
Lat 10 Annual
Lon -1 Average
SSE
5.72 5.96 6.11 6.06 5.82 5.32 4.88 4.61 4.95 5.58 5.56 5.59 5.51
HRZ
K 0.64 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.51 0.47 0.44 0.48 0.57 0.61 0.65 0.56
Diffuse 1.38 1.65 1.94 2.15 2.13 2.16 2.24 2.31 2.23 1.86 1.52 1.30 1.91
Direct 7.11 6.58 6.02 5.53 5.30 4.60 3.82 3.25 3.87 5.55 6.47 7.18 5.43
Tilt 0 5.67 5.90 6.03 5.97 5.72 5.22 4.79 4.53 4.88 5.52 5.51 5.54 5.44
Tilt 10 6.17 6.21 6.13 5.87 5.79 5.32 4.85 4.53 4.89 5.73 5.93 6.09 5.62
Tilt 25 6.65 6.41 6.02 5.49 5.67 5.26 4.77 4.37 4.71 5.79 6.29 6.64 5.67
Tilt 90 4.54 3.61 2.54 1.67 2.41 2.50 2.24 1.86 1.92 3.02 4.09 4.77 2.93
OPT 6.76 6.41 6.14 5.97 5.79 5.33 4.85 4.54 4.90 5.80 6.35 6.82 5.80
OPT
37.0 26.0 12.0 0.00 11.0 14.0 12.0 5.00 6.00 21.0 34.0 39.0 18.0
ANG
Diffuse radiation, direct normal radiation and tilted surface radiation
are not calculated when the clearness index (K) is below 0.3 or above
NOTE:
0.8.
Meteorology (Temperature):
Monthly Averaged Air Temperature At 10 m Above The Surface Of The Earth

(°C)
Lat 10 Annual
Lon -1 Average
22-year
27.1 28.5 29.6 28.6 27.5 25.9 24.8 24.7 25.4 27.0 28.2 27.2 27.0
Average

Meteorology (Wind):
Monthly Averaged Wind Speed At 10 m Above The Surface Of The Earth For
Terrain Similar To Airports (m/s)
Lat 10 Annual
Lon -1 Average
10-year
2.23 2.14 2.64 2.52 2.69 2.48 2.43 2.29 1.97 1.94 2.22 2.31 2.32
Average
It is recommended that users of these wind All height measurements are from the soil,
data review the SSE Methodology. The user water, or ice/snow surface instead of
may wish to correct for biases as well as local "effective" surface, which is usually taken to
effects within the selected grid region. be near the tops of vegetated canopies.
Meteorology (Other):
Monthly Averaged Precipitation (mm/day)

Lat 10 Annual
Lon -1 Average
22-year
0.07 0.22 0.90 2.37 3.49 4.95 6.07 7.48 6.26 2.50 0.36 0.12 2.91
Average


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Solar Water Pumping Project

Joint Project of:

Cover Page .........................................................................…...1

Detailed budget and list of materials needed………………..29

Reference documentation ………………………………….

TRAINING AND TRAVEL All Sites TOTALS

GRAND TOTAL 160,000.00

Description of the current situation for water in the village:

World Vision’s Ghana

Water storage/Vertical Lift/ Solar Array Sizing

1 Location of Bore well: Sindigu

1 Hydraulic Energy Needed Sindigu

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 10 -

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 11 -

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 12 -

Description of the current situation for water in the village:

Using the minimum water

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 14 -

Water storage/ Vertical Lift/ Solar Array Sizing

Peak Sun Hours: 4.53

We project that US$

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 15 -

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 16 -

1 Location of Bore well: Ying 1

1 Hydraulic Energy Needed Ying 1

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 17 -

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 18 -

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 19 -

Description of the current water situation

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 21 -

Water storage/Vertical Lift/Solar Array Sizing

The tank(s) will be approximately

Peak Sun Hours: 4.53

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 22 -

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 23 -

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 24 -

1 Hydraulic Energy Needed Kpalba

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 25 -

3 Friction Losses of Water Flow in Pipes - pump to Tee

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 26 -

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 27 -

GHANA SOLAR PUMPING PROJECT - MATERIALS LIST

TRAINING AND TRAVEL All Sites

GRAND TOTAL 160,000.00

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 29 -

TRAINING AND TRAVEL All Sites TOTALS

GRAND TO TAL 160,000.00

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 30 -

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 31 -

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 32 -

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 33 -

Latitude 10 / Longitude -1 was chosen.

Elevation: 216 meters

Monthly Averaged Maximum Solar Angle Relative To The Horizon (degrees)

Monthly Averaged Daylight Cloud Amount (%)

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 41 -

Monthly Averaged Radiation Incident On An Equator-Pointed Tilted Surface

Monthly Averaged Air Temperature At 10 m Above The Surface Of The Earth

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 42 -

Monthly Averaged Precipitation (mm/day)

©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 43 -

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