Robert Hooke ● Provides instructions to make

● Described it as having a perforated proteins, regulates activities, and

and porous surface like honeycomb enables cells to reproduce its kind
and called it cellulae
● Observed a thin slice of cork from BASIC CELL TYPES
bark of an oak tree 1. Prokaryotic
● cells that lack a nucleus and
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek membrane-bound organelles
● Named the microscopic things that ● Contain ribosomes in their
he observed from pond water as cytoplasm to make proteins
animalcules
2. Eukaryotic
Matthias Schleiden ● Organelles allow different
● All plants were made of cells functions to be
compartmentalized
Theodore Schwann ● •A membrane-bound
● All animals were made of cells nucleus which contains the
DNA
Rudolf Virchow ● Manufacturing, storage,
● All cells come from other cells distribution, and breakdown
through the process of cell division of materials
● Structural support,
THE CELL THEORY movement, and
1. All living things are made out of cells. communication between cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure
and function in an organism (basic Cell/plasma membrane
unit of life). ● A thin barrier that forms the boundary
3. Cells come from the reproduction of separating an individual cell from the
existing cells (cell division). external environment
● Controls what enters and leaves the
Cell membrane cell (semi-permeable)
● The outer boundary that regulates
the passage of materials into and out Cholesterol
of the cell. ● Strengthen the cell membrane
● Makes the membrane less
Cytoplasm permeable
● The gel-like substance that makes
up the cell’s internal environment Carbohydrates
● Enabling cells to distinguish one type
of cell from another

Genetic region Membrane proteins

1. Transport proteins
 ●
Help materials to cross the
membrane
Nuclear pores
2. Channel proteins
● Forms tunnels that help cells ● Allow substances to enter and exit
to import or export needed the nucleus
materials and wastes

*The plasma membranes of cells that Ribosomes

specialize in ABSORPTION is called ● The cellular structures who are
MICROVILLI responsible for protein synthesis.

Cell wall
● A rigid layer that gives protection,
support, and shape to the cell
Cytoplasm
● Fills the space between the nucleus
and the cell membrane
Endomembrane system
● It is a group of membranes and
organelles in eukaryotic cells that
works together to manufacture,
store, distribute and breakdown
lipids and proteins.

Cytosol
● Is the fluid portion consisting mainly Endoplasmic reticulum
of water (70-80 percent) and proteins
● Main function is to modify proteins
and synthesize lipids
Nucleus
● The storehouse of genetic
information in the form of DNA Rough endoplasmic reticulum
inside the cell. ● Joins amino acids for proteins.
● It directs all activities of the cell
● Stores chromatin in a gel-like
substance called the nucleoplasm Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
● Detoxification of medications and
Nucleolus poisons
● is a condensed region of chromatin .
where ribosome synthesis occurs

Golgi apparatus
Nuclear envelope ● Where proteins are transported from
the ER
● The boundary of the nucleus is called
the nuclear envelope.
 ● In this organelle, sorting, tagging, ● Organize microtubules to form cilia
packaging, distribution of proteins and flagella
and lipids occur

Cilia
Vesicles
● Looks like little hair with much shorter
● Enclosing the proteins length
Flagella
Vacuoles ● Look like a whip or a tail.
● Storage of materials needed by the
cell
Cytoskeleton
● Help maintain the shape of the cell
Lysosomes
● Containing chemicals that can break
down the material in the cell.
● Lysozyme can defend a cell from
invading bacteria and viruses.

Peroxisomes
● Absorb nutrients that had been
acquired by cells

Mitochondria
● Supply energy to the cell

Chloroplasts
● Convert solar energy to chemical
energy through photosynthesis.

Centrosome
● Serves as the main microtubule-
organizing center