Nama Maba : Aura Tasya A.

Nama Armada : Bacteriology

COLONIZATION OF MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS

Moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen of humans. It is a common

cause of respiratory infections, particularly otitis media in children and lower
respiratory tract infections in the elderly. Colonization of the upper respiratory tract
appears to be associated with infection in many cases, although this association is
not well understood. Nosocomial transmission is being increasingly documented
and the emergence of this organism as a cause of bacteremia is of concern.

Common throughout infancy, nasopharyngeal colonization is a dynamic

process with active turn over due to acquisition and clearence of strains of
Moraxella Catarrhalis. digested with restriction enzymes and demonstrated a great
degree of heterogeneity. Nasopharyngeal colonization with M. catarrhalis is
common throughout infancy. A high rate of colonization is associated with an
increased risk of otitis media.

The widespread use of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in some

countries has resulted in alteration of patterns of nasopharygeal colonization in the
population. A relative increase in colonization by non vaccine pneumococcal
serotypes.nontypable H. Influenzae, and Moraxella Catarrhalis has occured. These
changes in colonization pattens may account for the increased rates of otitis media
due to nontypable H. Influenzae and Moraxella Catarrhalis. Similar shift in etiology
are being observed in children with sinusitis as well.

The bacterium is now known to invade multiple cell types, including

bronchial epitelial cells, small airway cells, and type 2 alveolar cells. In adddition,
Moraxella Catarrhalis resides intracellularly in lymphoid tissue, provinding a
potential reservoir for persistence in human respiratory tract.

Refrences

1. Faden, Howard., Harabuchi, Yasuaki., J. Hong, Jong, P. 1993.

Epidemiology of Moraxella catarrhalis in Children during the First 2 Years
 of Life: Relationship to Otitis Media. The Journal of Infectious Diseases
169 (6): 1312–1317. (Online)
(https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-
abstract/169/6/1312/913172?redirectedFrom=fulltext, accessed 24 January
1994).
2. Kliegman, Robert M., Stanton, Bonita M.D., Geme, Joseph St., Schor, Nina
F., Behrman, Richard E. T. 2011. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (19thed.).
Philadelpia: Elsevier Saunders.
3. Vries, Stefan P.W. de., Bootsma, Hester J., Hays, John P., Hermans, Peter
W.M. P. 2009. Molecular Aspects of Moraxella catarrhalis Pathogenesis.
American Society for Microbiology 73 (3): 389–406. (Online)
(http://mmbr.asm.org/content/73/3/389.short, accessed by 1 September
2009).
4. McGregor, K., Chang, B.J., Mee, B.J., Rilley, T.V. 1998. Moraxella
catarrhalis: Clinical significance, antimicrobial susceptibility and BRO
beta-lactamases. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious
Diseases 17 (4): 219–234. (Online)
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01699978, accessed by April
1998)
5. Armbruster, Chelsea E., Hong, Wenzhou., Pang, Bing., Weimer, Kristin
E.D., Juneau, Richard A., Turner, James., Swords, W. Edward. P. 2010.
Indirect Pathogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis
in Polymicrobial Otitis Media Occurs via Interspecies Quorum Signaling.
American Society for Microbiology 1 (3): e00102-10 (Online)
(http://mbio.asm.org/content/1/3/e00102-10.short, accessed by 6 july
2010).