University of Cebu-Banilad

College of Nursing
Banilad, Cebu City

A
Resource Unit
On
Morality of Abortion, Rape, Euthanasia, Prolongation of Life
Inviolability of Human Life, DNR & End of Life Care Plan
Submitted by:
GROUP MEMBERS
CASTRO
CABUCOS
CAPUYAN
BUBULI
CAHILSOT
SOLON
YLAYA
 Submitted to:
Ms. Princess R. Banares RN, MAN.

August 29, 2019

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:
After 1 hour of lecture- discussion, the BSN Level 2- E will be able to gain basic knowledge, beginning skills and develop a positive attitude on the Concept about abortion,
rape prolongation of life , euthanasia, DNR and Death and Dying and End of life care plan.

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Opening prayer 2 minutes

Reading of objectives 3 minutes

Lecture DLP, Speaker, and

Discussion Screen
Abortion - is a medical term for any interruption of a
1.To be able to pregnancy before a fetus is viable (i.e., able to survive 5 minutes
After 1 hour of
understand what is outside the uterus if born at that time), but it is better to
speak of these early pregnancy losses as spontaneous lecture
abortion
miscarriages to avoid confusion with intentional discussion, we
terminations of pregnancies. A viable fetus is usually defined ask questions
as a fetus of more than 20 to 24 weeks of gestation or one and
that weights at least 500 g. A fetus born before this point is clarifications
considered as a miscarriage or is termed a premature or regarding our
immature birth (Sneider, Langhoff Roos, Sundtoft, et al., topics.
2015)
- Any premature expulsion of human fetus, whether
naturally spontaneous, as in miscarriage, or artificially
induced, as in surgical or chemical abortion.
 - 1973, US Supreme Court handed down a decision on Roe v.
Wade legalizing abortion in all 50 states during all nine
months of pregnancy for any reasons-medical, social, or
otherwise
Some believe that life starts at conception, while others hold
2.To appreciate that life begins only when a fetus is viable outside the 10 minutes
Proponents of womb.
abortion regarding - Opponents of abortion hold the position that because a
conception and fetus possesses humanity, it must be accorded all human
autonomy rights, including the right of life.
- Proponents of abortion argue that based on autonomy, a
woman has a right to her own body, and that no woman
should be forced to bear a child that she does not want.

3.To know the rights - The abortion debate sparks passionate, emotion
about abortion as well laden arguments on political, social, legal, religious and
as its ethical matter moral arenas.
- Issues of self-determination arise regarding the
mothers right to control her body and her life (right to
choose), in contrast to rights of the unborn fetus to a chance
at life (right to life).
- “Right-to-Life” Camp
Believe that abortion constitutes murder of an unborn
person, suggesting it is a legal as well as an ethical matter.

- “Right-to-Choose” Camp
- The right to privacy regarding health care decisions
includes a woman’s reproductive choices, implying that
governmental regulation is an infringement on this privacy.
- Values in relation to life are fundamental
considerations regard to abortion, such as;
Beliefs about when life begins.
 Considerations regarding quality of life for children who are
unwanted.
Concerns about the mother’s life & health.

PYSCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF ABORTION

4. be able to identify
- Horrible nightmares of children, body parts,
psychological
blood
outcome of abortion
- Psychological pain
- Feeling of worthlessness
- Post-Abortion-Syndrome (PAS)
- Drug and alcohol use
10 minutes
- Personal relationship disorder
- Sexual Dysfunction
- Repeated Abortion
- Communication difficulties
- Damaged self-esteem
- Attempting suicide

"Human life must be respected absolutely from the moment

of conception. From the first moment of his existence, a 5 minutes
human being must be recognized as having the rights if a
person____ among which is the inviolable right of every
innocent being to life"

Death indeed is one of the poignant moments in one's

5. Define the concept
existence. No human being, in his/her normal state would
and criteria of death
wish to die. Many however in their parochial convection
believe that life is something we borrow from God.

Truth is there is no accurate and most fitting description or

 definition of it. Many Filipinos believe they death is not the
end of life, but the beginning or undertaking somewhere
outside the domain, concern and consciousness of the living.

Death is reserved only for those who have totally and

absolutely departed from life.

The traditional clinical signs of death were cessation of the

6. List clinical signs apical pulse, respirations, and blood pressure, also referred
impending death. to as heart-lung
Death. However, since the advent of artificial means to
maintain respirations and blood circulation, identifying
death is more difficult.
In 1968, the World Medical Assembly (Gilder, 1968) adopted
the following guidelines for physicians as indications of
death:
• Total lack of response to external stimuli
• No muscular movement, especially breathing
• No reflexes
• Flat encephalogram (brain waves).
In instances of artificial support, absence of brain waves for
at least 24 hours indicates death. Only then can a physician 8 minutes
pronounce death, and only after this pronouncement can
life-support systems be shut off.
Another definition of death is cerebral death or higher brain
death, which occurs when the higher brain center, the
cerebral cortex, is irreversibly destroyed. In this case, there
is “a clinical syndrome characterized by the permanent loss
of cerebral and brainstem function, manifested by absence
of responsiveness to external stimuli, absence of cephalic
reflexes, and apnea. An isoelectric electroencephalogram for
at least 30 minutes in the absence of hypothermia and
poisoning by central nervous system depressants supports
the diagnosis” (Stedman’s Medical Dictionary for the Health
 Professions and Nursing, 2012). People who support this
definition of death believe the cerebral cortex, which holds
the capacity for thought, voluntary action, and movement, is
the individual.

Nurses need to ensure that the client is treated with dignity,

that is, with honor and respect. Dying clients often feel they
7. Describe the process have lost control over their lives and over life itself. Helping
of helping clients die clients die with dignity involves maintaining their humanity,
with dignity. consistent with their values, beliefs, and culture. By
introducing options available to the client and significant
others, nurses can restore and support feelings of control.
Some choices that clients can make are the location of care
(e.g., hospital, home, or hospice facility), times of
appointments with health professionals, activity schedule,
use of health resources, and times of visits from relatives
and friends
Hospice care focuses on support and care of the dying 5 minutes
person and family, with the goal of facilitating a peaceful
and dignified death.

Hospice care is based on holistic concepts, emphasizes care

to improve quality of life rather than cure, supports the
client and family through the dying process, and supports
the family through bereavement.

Palliative care, as described by the World Health

Organization,
is an approach that improves the quality of life of clients and
their families facing the problem associated with life-
threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of
suffering by means of early identification and impeccable
assessment and treatment of pain and other problems,
physical, psychosocial and spiritual
 Nursing personnel may be responsible for care of a body
8. Describe nursing after death. Postmortem care should be carried out
measures for care of the according to the policy of the hospital or agency. Because
body after death care of the body may be influenced by religious law, the
nurse should check the client’s religion and make every
attempt to comply. If the deceased’s family or friends wish
to view the body, make the environment clean and pleasant
and to make the body appear natural and comfortable. All
equipment, soiled linen, and supplies should be removed
from the bedside. Some agencies require that all tubes in
the body remain in place; in other agencies, tubes may be
cut to within 2.5 cm (1 in.) of the skin and taped in place; in
others, all tubes may be removed.

Normally the body is placed in a supine position with the

arms either at the sides, palms down, or across the
abdomen. One pillow is placed under the head and
shoulders to prevent blood from discoloring the face by
settling in it. The eyelids are closed and held
in place for a few seconds so they remain closed. Dentures
are usually inserted to help give the face a natural
appearance. The mouth
is then closed

In the hospital, after the body has been viewed by the f

..Family, the deceased’s wrist identification tag is left on and
additional identification tags are applied. The body is
wrapped in a shroud, a large piece of plastic or cotton
material used to enclose a body after death. Identification is
then applied to the outside of the shroud. The body is taken
to the morgue if arrangements have not been made to have
a mortician pick it up from the client’s room. Nurses have a
duty to handle the deceased with dignity and to label the
 corpse appropriately. Mishandling can cause emotional
distress to survivors. Mislabeling can create legal problems if
the body is inappropriately identified and prepared
incorrectly for burial or a funeral.

WHAT END OF LIFE CARE INVOLVES

9. To elaborate and
further explain what is
End of life care is support for people who are in the last
end of life care and its
months or years of their life.
relevance
End of life care should help you to live as well as possible
until you die and to die with dignity. The people providing
your care should ask you about your wishes and
preferences, and take these into account as they work with
you to plan your care. They should also support your family,
careers or other people who are important to you.

WHAT IS PALLIATIVE CARE?

End of life care includes palliative care. If you have an illness

that can't be cured, palliative care makes you as comfortable
as possible, by managing your pain and other distressing
symptoms. It also involves psychological, social and spiritual
support for you and your family or careers.

WHEN DOES END OF LIFE CARE BEGIN?

End of life care should begin when you need it and may last
a few days, or for months or years.

People in lots of different situations can benefit from end of

life care. Some of them may be expected to die within the
next few hours or days. Others receive end of life care over
 many months.

People are considered to be approaching the end of life

when they are likely to die within the next 12 months,
although this isn't always possible to predict. This includes
people whose death is imminent, as well as people who:

• have an advanced incurable illness, such as cancer,

dementia or motor neuron disease
• are generally frail and have co-existing conditions that
mean they are expected to die within 12 months
• have existing conditions if they are at risk of dying from a
sudden crisis in their condition
have a life-threatening acute condition caused by a sudden
catastrophic event, such as an accident or stroke

WHY PLAN AHEAD?

10. To discuss on how
start and the Planning ahead like this is sometimes called advance care
importance of making planning. It involves thinking and talking about your wishes
an end of life care plan for how you are cared for in the final months of your life and
when you are dying. This is in case there's a time in the
future when you are unable to take part in the discussions
and decision-making yourself.

This is useful for guiding your doctors and other healthcare

staff in making decisions about emergency care and
treatment if you can't take part in these decisions yourself.

WHY SHOULD I PLAN AHEAD?

 Planning ahead can help you receive the care you want, and
can also help to make things easier for your partner and
family when you are nearing the end of life.

HOW CAN I PLAN AHEAD?

• starting the conversation with your partner, family, carers

and health professionals
• exploring your options, such as where you can choose to
be cared for – this will probably involve talking with health
professionals and other experts, especially if you have any
particular questions or worries
• thinking about what your wishes and preferences are
• refusing specific treatment, if you want to, using a legal
document called an advance decision to refuse treatment
• legally appointing someone, called lasting power of
attorney, to make decisions for you in case you are not able
to do so yourself in the future
• letting people know your wishes through talking or writing
them down, or both

11. To understand the EMOTIONAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES

impact of the situation
to the well-being of the As well as thinking about your future care, there are
person emotional and practical issues you might want to consider,
such as:

• any questions or worries you have about illness and dying

that you would like to discuss
• how you would like your funeral to be
• making memory boxes, books or videos for your family and
friends
• legal and financial matters, such as making a will or
planning for the care of anyone who relies on you, such as
your children

You might already have strong feelings about these topics,

or may want to think them over or discuss them with your
partner or family.
YOUR WELLBEING

There is no right or wrong way to feel when you hear bad

news about your condition. You might feel numb at first, and
unable to take in the news, or calm and matter-of-fact about
dying.

YOUR FEELINGS

As time passes, you may experience a range of emotions. It's

normal to feel some or all of the following:

• shock
• fear
• anger
• resentment
• denial
• helplessness
• sadness
• frustration
• relief
• acceptance

You may also feel isolated and alone, even if you have family
and friends around you.

HOW TO COPE UP

• Find someone to talk to

 • Write down your worries
• Look after yourself
• Take one step at a time

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Reference:
Morowitz, H. & Trefil, J. (1992). The facts of life: Science and the abortion controversy. New York: Oxford University Press.

_______. (1972). The morality of abortion. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Silbert-Flagg, JoAnne, author. | Preceded by (work): Pillitteri. Adele. Maternal & Child health nursing Maternal Child health nursing: care of child bearing & childbearing
family/ JoAnne Silbert-FlaggMaternal & Child health nursing Eight Edition.| Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer [2018]| Maternal & Child health nursing/ Adele Pillitteri. 7th
Edition. 2014. Includes bibliographical references index.

Berman, A., Snyder, S. and Frandsen, G. (2012). Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice. 10th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

What end of life care involves. (2018, June 20). Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/end-of-life-care/what-it-involves-and-when-it-starts

Why plan ahead. (2017, May 31). Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/end-of-life-care/why-plan-ahead/

Coping with a terminal illness. (2017, July 20). Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/end-of-life-care/coping-with-a-terminal-illness/?tabname=your-wellbeing