Exercise 2 and 3 Stagefinal

Activities to develop
In this activity, the group will have to solve some practical problems using as a reference the
following image.
Retrieved from: http://www.scientechworld.com/education-software-training-and-skill-

development/wireless-communication/understanding-wireless-sensor-network
Taking into account the image, solve the following problems:
2 If the medium has the following electromagnetic characteristics: 𝜎 = 10−3 𝑠𝑚/𝑚,

𝜖𝑟 = 1 y 𝜇𝑟 = 1. Find the losses per length unit, take into account the given frequency
for the signal, how long must travel the signal to have more than 3dB of attenuation?
𝜎
tan 𝛿 =
𝜔𝜖
10−3
tan 𝛿 =
1
2𝜋 ∗ 6 ∗ 106 ∗ (36𝜋 ∗ 10−9 ) ∗ (1)
tan 𝛿 = 0.3
𝜎
𝜖𝑟 =
𝜔
10−3
𝜖𝑟 =
2𝜋 ∗ 6 ∗ 106
𝜖𝑟 = 2.6525 ∗ 10−12
𝜖𝑟
𝜖=
tan 𝛿
2.6525 ∗ 10−12
𝜖=
0.3
𝜖 = 8.8419 ∗ 10−12
Propagation constant
y = 𝑗𝜔√𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝜖𝑐
y = 𝑗 ∗ 2𝜋 ∗ 6 ∗ 106 √(4𝜋 ∗ 10−7 ) ∗ (1) ∗ (8.8416 ∗ 10−12 − 𝑗2.6525 ∗ 10−12 )
y = 𝑗 ∗ 2𝜋 ∗ 6 ∗ 106 √1.111 ∗ 10−17 − 𝑗3.3332 ∗ 10−18 )
y = 𝑗 ∗ 2𝜋 ∗ 6 ∗ 106 ∗ (3.3696 ∗ 10−09 − 𝑗4.9458 ∗ 10−10 )
y = 0.0188 + 𝑗0.12703
Dimmer constant
𝛼 = 0.0188 Nep/m
% perdidas = 1 − e−2 𝛼 𝑥
% perdidas = 3.70%
The attenuation is calculated in descibeles
𝛼𝑑𝑏/𝑚 = −8.68 𝛼
𝛼𝑑𝑏/𝑚 = −0.164
To have an attenuation greater than 3db the signal must travel a distance of
𝛼𝑑𝑏/𝑚 X = −3db
−3𝑑𝑏
X=
𝛼𝑑𝑏/𝑚
−3𝑑𝑏
X=
−0.164
X = 18.34𝑚
σ= 0,0001 Sm/m y= = 0,126 j
Ur= 1
U= 1,25664E-06 β=
f= 6 MHz
ω= 37699111,84 β= 0,126 rad/m
n=
n= 376,99 Ω
α=
α= 0,0188 Np/m
Perdidas por unidad de longitud x = 1m

x= 1,00 m
% Perdidas =
% Perdidas = 3,70 %
Se càlcula la atenuaciòn en descibeles αdB/m =

αdB/m = -0,164
Para tener una atenuacion superior a 3 db, la señal debe recorrer una distacia de
αdB/m X= -3 db
-3 db
X=
αdB/m
-3,00
X=
-0,164
X= 18,34 m
3 In the buildings have an intrinsic impedance of 𝜂2 = 300Ω and the signal has a power
of 100𝑚𝑊/𝑚2 . Fin the reflected and transmitted power to the buildings.
Air impedance 𝑁1 = 120𝜋

Intrinsic impedance 𝑁2 = 300Ω
𝑁 −𝑁 300−120𝜋
Reflection coefficient r = 𝑁2 +𝑁1 = = −0.114 < 1800
2 1 300+120𝜋
Reflectance R = |𝑟|2 = −0.1142 = 0.0129 = 1.29%
Transmittance T = 1 − 𝑅 = 1 − 1.29% = 98.71%
Reflected power |𝑃1 − | = 1.29% ∗ 100𝑚𝑊/𝑚2 = 1.29𝑚𝑊/𝑚2
Transmitted power |𝑃1 + | = 98.71% ∗ 100𝑚𝑊/𝑚2 = 98.71𝑚𝑊/𝑚2
Γ= Coeficiente de reflexiòn
N1 = 120 p Impedancia del aire
N2 = 300 Impedancia intrinsica
P= 100,00 mW/m2 Potencia
R= Reflactancia
T= Transmitancia
| P1- | = Potencia reflejada
| P1+ | = Potencia transmitida
N2 - N1 -76,99
Γ= =
N2 + N1 676,99
Γ= -0,114 < 180,00 °
R= | Γ |2 = 0,0129
R= 1,29% %
T= 1- R = 98,71%
| P1- | = 1,29% * 100,00 mW/m2 = 1,29 mW/m2
| P1+ | = 98,71% * 100,00 mW/m2 = 98,71 mW/m2

REFERENCES
 Gutiérrez, W. (2017). Loss Tangent [Video]. Retrieved from

http://hdl.handle.net/10596/13139
 Quesada-Pérez, M., & Maroto-Centeno, J. A. (2014). From Maxwell's Equations to
Free and Guided Electromagnetic Waves: An Introduction for First-year
Undergraduates. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc, 49-80 Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2051/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=7
46851&lang=es&site=eds-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_49
 Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston: Academic Press,
519-524. Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/logi
n.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&lang=es&site=ehost-
live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_519
 Joines, W. T., Bernhard, J. T., & Palmer, W. D. (2012). Microwave Transmission
Line Circuits. Boston: Artech House, 23-68. Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2051/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=7
53581&lang=es&site=eds-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_23


Exercise 2 and 3 Stagefinal

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Exercise 2 and 3 Stagefinal

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Activities to develop

Retrieved from: http://www.scientechworld.com/education-software-training-and-skill-

Taking into account the image, solve the following problems:

2 If the medium has the following electromagnetic characteristics: 𝜎 = 10−3 𝑠𝑚/𝑚,

y = 𝑗 ∗ 2𝜋 ∗ 6 ∗ 106 √(4𝜋 ∗ 10−7 ) ∗ (1) ∗ (8.8416 ∗ 10−12 − 𝑗2.6525 ∗ 10−12 )

y = 𝑗 ∗ 2𝜋 ∗ 6 ∗ 106 √1.111 ∗ 10−17 − 𝑗3.3332 ∗ 10−18 )

y = 𝑗 ∗ 2𝜋 ∗ 6 ∗ 106 ∗ (3.3696 ∗ 10−09 − 𝑗4.9458 ∗ 10−10 )

The attenuation is calculated in descibeles

Perdidas por unidad de longitud x = 1m

Se càlcula la atenuaciòn en descibeles αdB/m =

Air impedance 𝑁1 = 120𝜋

Reflectance R = |𝑟|2 = −0.1142 = 0.0129 = 1.29%

Transmittance T = 1 − 𝑅 = 1 − 1.29% = 98.71%

Reflected power |𝑃1 − | = 1.29% ∗ 100𝑚𝑊/𝑚2 = 1.29𝑚𝑊/𝑚2

Transmitted power |𝑃1 + | = 98.71% ∗ 100𝑚𝑊/𝑚2 = 98.71𝑚𝑊/𝑚2

Γ= -0,114 < 180,00 °

| P1- | = 1,29% * 100,00 mW/m2 = 1,29 mW/m2

| P1+ | = 98,71% * 100,00 mW/m2 = 98,71 mW/m2

 Gutiérrez, W. (2017). Loss Tangent [Video]. Retrieved from

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