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Summary
The subject is introduced by describing the aerodynamic and vibration charac-
teristics of unstalled, supersonic flutter in fan assemblies having part-span shrouds
or clappers. It is briefly compared and contrasted with stall flutter. The importance
of frequency and modeshape analyses is stressed and supersonic flutter prediction
methods are examined, commencing with the modeshape parameter CO/H.
Unsteady work theory leads to the study of aerodynamic damping with the
prediction of flutter mode, speed and wave direction. Throughout, emphasis is
given to the support of design analysis by test data, from laboratory measurements
on stationary models to full scale engine Altitude Test Chamber behaviour.
Finally, the effect on flutter of some of the operating criteria in engine service is
considered.
1. Introduction--Characteristics of Flutter
1.1. Aerodynamic Limitations
1.2. The Importance of Supersonic Flutter
1.3. Vibration Characteristics
References
Illustrations--Figs. 1 to 15
2
1. Characteristics of Flutter
Acknow~edgemen~
The author wishes to thank Rolls-Royce (1971) Ltd., for permission to publish this paper. Views expressed
therein are his own and are not necessarily endorsed by the company.
6
REFERENCES
2 A. A. Mikolajczak, R. A. Arnoldi, Advances in fan and compressor blade flutter analysis and
L. E. Snyder and H. Stargardter... predictions.
Journal of Aircraft, April 1975, pp. 325-332.
3 T. Nagashima and D. S. Whitehead... Aerodynamic forces and moments for vibrating supersonic
cascades of blades.
C U E D / A - T u r b o / T R 59, 1974.
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FIG. 1. Model fan characteristics showing stress boundaries of unstalled supersonic flutter.
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FIG. 5. Fan blade vibration prediction (4D, 2F mode) compared with holographic measurements.
12
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FIG. 6. High speed fan results: blade stagger variation during flutter.
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FIG. 10. Fan unsteady work components at 100 per cent speed four-diameter second family mode.
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FIG. 11. Fan unsteady work components at 100 per cent speed variation with second family mode number.
18
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FIG. 12. Variation of fan aerodynamicdamping with speed and mode number.
19
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FIG. 13. Potential vibration modes (second family) defined relative to casing.
20
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FIG. 15. Effect of density on aerodynamic damping four-diameter second family mode.
R. & M. No, 3 7 8 9
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