TECHNICAL SEMINAR

On

BLADELESS WIND TURBINE

By

B GANDHI 16K91A0344

Under the guidance of

Mr.K KISHORE KUMAR (M.tech)

( Associate professor )

Department of Mechanical Engineering

TKR College of Engineering and Technology
 ABSTRACT

Vortex bladeless wind turbine is a Spanish SME whose objective is to develop a new concept of wind
turbine without blades called vortex wind turbine. These design represents a new model in wind energy
and aim to eliminates are reduced many of the existing problems in conventional generators. This
technology creates a new revolution in the power generation system.

It is simple and composed of a single structural component so it is manufacturing, transporting,

storage and installation have greater advantages. The new wind turbine design has no bearings, gears
etc. so maintanence is easy. Bladeless turbine will generate electricity for 40% lesser in cost compared
with blade wind turbine.

Supervisor Signature

Submitted by

B Gandhi

H.No 16K91A0344
 INTRODUCTION

At present India is stepping towards becoming a global super power. This implies that it is
leading the list of developing countries in terms of economic development. Therefore the
energy requirement of the country would increase in rapid rate. In these days non renewable
energy sources are gone to the depth of earth, so we can obviously produce energy by
renewable energy sources. Wind energy has becamea legitimate source of energy over the past
few decades.The construction of bladeless windmill is quiet simple.The conical mast is pivoted
vertically with the help of cylindrical rod which is held within roller bearing in such a way that it
vibrate in one direction only. The portion below pivot is covered with help of metal sheet. The
upper part of mast flutters in wind while crank shaft is connected to lower part. Figure 1.
Vortex wind turbine This is a wind generator without blades. The main advantage of this
underlies the absorption of energy through the vortices of a rigid member similar to an effect
of aerodynamics.We are going to generate electricity by using the bladeless wind turbine. This
wind turbine will have no blades. It will generate electricity by using oscillation due to wind.

thedevelopment of small wind products, with mass power generation devices planned for
 DESIGN OF BLADE LESS TURBINE
 MAST:carbon and/or glass fiber materials used.

 ROD: Carbon fiber reinforce polymer.

 GENERATING SYSTEM:-Linear Alternator.

 TUNING MAGNETIC SYSTEM:Neodymium magnet.

 SPRING:Hardened steel.

 FOUNDATION
 CONSTRUCUTION OF VORTEX TURBINE
The Fig. 1 shows the block diagram representation of bladeless power generation scheme.
This explains the function of each block and their specifications.

Centre Base: Base is made up of the rigid iron angular structure. The base provides equidistant
point for the position of the mast. It is capable of tolerating the mechanical stress acting on it. This
provides the strong foundation to the mast and spring.
B. Spring: Spring is mounted at the centre of the mast which provides the oscillation of the mast
in any of the direction. This spring is capable to withstand the weight of the mast.

C. Mast: The mast is a conical shaped, rigid structure which oscillates when subjected to wind
.The Mast is lighter in structure in order to increase the oscillations also decrease the mechanical
stress on the suspension spring as well as the base.

D. Thread: The thread is used for the conversion of the linear motion of the mast to the rotational
motion of the generator. Thread used is of nylon material which as a property of the nonelasticity.
This thread is connected to the chain of the sprockets. These threads are connected to the chain
using the guide ways to provide proper path to the thread.

G.pedal : The bicycle pedals are connected to the shaft of the Chain drive: sprocket. Pedals are
provided to balance the weight at both the side of the shaft of the larger sprocket as well as to
increase the rotation.

H. Flywheel: The flywheel is provided to increase the low RPM at the input side to higher RPM
at the generation. The flywheel is provided with the counter weight to increase the speed of the
rotate of the generator and it helps to rotate for the longer time. The flywheel is rotated by placing
it on the hub which is connected to the small sprocket. The larger sprocket is connected to the
small sprocket of the flywheel through the chain.

I. Belt: The leather belt is used to drive the generator. The belt is connected to the pulley of the
generator and the flywheel.

J. Chain drive: Chain drive helps in increasing the speed. The sprockets are connected to the cycle
hub and tightened and supported using a metallic frame. The compound chain drive is used to
reduce the space required. It uses total five chains from input to the output shaft.

K. Generator: The alternator is driven by the power wheel via the belt drive. The generator is
design by using a ceiling fan stator which consists of 16 set of windings.. It is made to generate to
electricity by replacing the metal rotor with a wooden rotor which comprises of Neodymium
magnets. Bladeless Wind Power Generation (IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 03/2016/497) All rights reserved
by www.ijsrd.com 1899
L. Charging circuit: The charging circuit use the micro controller which compare the generated
voltage with a predefined value and controls the relays. The relays act as a switch which helps in
charging only when power is adequate to charge the battery.

M. Battery: The battery used here is a 12V, 7.2Ah, lead-acid battery. This battery stores the charge
when the power is being generated and gives power when winding the thread. This also powers
the microcontroller and wireless receiver circuit.

N. Load: When the generated voltage is less than 12V, the power has to be dumped. Therefore a
dummy load is connected. The load consists of LED bulbs

. WORKING METHODOLOGY

The main principle behind bladeless wind generator is the conversion of linear oscillation of mast
to rotational motion. As the mast is subjected to wind energy, it tends to oscillate due to the vortices
formed around the structure of the mast, which can be converted to rotational force to generate
electricity. In the bladeless wind system configuration, the mast is fixed with respect to the ground
and the rib structure at the top of the mast comprising of thread arrangement is used for pulling the
threads attached to it. Energy is obtained by continuously oscillation of the mast. The mast utilizes
wind power to pull the threads along with the chain attached to the sprockets which drive the shaft
which intern rotates the alternator to generate power. During the oscillation of the mast, the mast
tries to oscillate in any direction depending on the wind direction. The rib structure at the top of
the mast is attached with six threads to absorb the energy from the wind. Each set of the thread
arrangement of the rib structure corresponds to one sprocket on the shaft which is driven by the
chain which is pulled by the thread. Hence three sprockets are available in the shaft out of which,
at least one of the sprockets is always in motion during the oscillation of the mast. Fig. 2: Bladeless
wind mill The arrangement of the threads on the mast is such that the power is generated on all
direction of oscillation of the mast. Each of the threads is joined with the chain which drives the
sprocket attached to the shaft to generate the maximum amount of power. The thread joined with
the chain is fixed with a spring mechanism; during the oscillation of the mast one of the six threads
is pulled which make the chain to drive the sprocket on the shaft. After the maximum oscillation
on one side is reached, the mast returns to its initial position and then continues the oscillation on
the other side where in the other arrangement of the threads and sprocket drives the shaft hence
providing the continues movement of the shaft. Such operation has been developed and tested
through numerical simulations, considering a quite accurate model, which takes into account the
aerodynamic characteristics of the mast and the strength of the threads, and employing selftuning
magnetic coupling system to maximize the net generated energy. So that it can operate in a wider
range of wind speeds and also withstand the high wind velocities. This system allows maximizing
the oscillation amplitudes when wind intensifies. When the wind strikes the mast, it starts to
oscillate due to the vortices formed around the structure and suspension spring placed at the bottom
of the mast. The energy absorbed by the spring during the oscillation of the mast contributes to the
increase in the amplitude of the oscillations. The rib structure with the six thread arrangement at
the top of the mast is attached to the bottom chain drives through the guide ways which helps the
mast to oscillate in any direction of the wind .During the back and forth oscillation of the mast,
one of the six threads is pulled from the rib structure of the mast depending upon the direction of
the wind. The thread being pulled due to the oscillation of the mast is connected to chain which
drive the sprocket on the shaft. Each set of the thread arrangement of the rib structure corresponds
to one sprocket on the shaft which is driven by the chain which is pulled by the thread. Hence t
three sprockets are available in the shaft out of which one of the sprockets always is always in
motion during the oscillation of the mast. The thread mechanism is provided with guide ways and
pulleys for maximum transfer of the pulling force from the oscillation to the sprockets of the shaft.
It also helps to increase the tensile strength of the threads which is necessary to increase the
conversion efficiency to the maximum extent. The shaft driven by the sprockets arrangement
rotates only in clockwise direction and restricts the rotation of the shaft in the opposite direction
which otherwise may cause the threads to be pulled which may disrupt the oscillation of the mast
and bring it to a halt. This shaft is welded with two bicycle pedal at the end spaced 180 degrees
apart and the flywheel is provided with four counter weights 90 degrees apart, the arrangement of
the pedal and the counterweight helps to increase the rotation of the flywheel. As the power is
generated in the half cycle of the oscillation of the mast the shaft is subjected to a jerk motion
rather than a smooth motion. Such arrangement of pedal and the counterweight helps in the smooth
rotation of the flywheel trying to achieve perpetual motion. The power wheel is connected to the
alternator via belt drive which increases the rotation of the alternator with a ratio of 1:10 when the
shaft is in the motion. The belt drive eliminates the gear system thereby reducing the maintenance.
The maximum oscillation on one side is reached with the thread pulled to maximum extent, at
which the maximum energy is absorbed from the wind. After which the mast returns to initial
position and continues the Bladeless Wind Power Generation . oscillation at other end where in
the other arrangement of the threads and sprocket drives the shaft hence providing the continues
movement of the shaft . Since the power output of the alternator is AC. It is rectified using a
rectifier circuit, filtered and regulated using a regulating circuit to 12V. The output DC Voltage
obtained via the dual output of the regulation circuit charges the battery

CALCULATION

Lets consider a structure called Tapered Oscillation Cylinder

Considering the notations as,

d0= Dmax,

d1= Dmin,

D= (Dmax + Dmin)/2

H= L

,U= Air velocity,

ν= Kinematic viscosity,

fs= Oscillation frequency,

Now, we know Reynolds Number (Re)

Re= (UD)/ν and Strouhal Number (St)

St= (fsD)/L

Area of tapered cylinder,

Ap= (π/2)*(Dmax + Dmin)*L

Rt= Taper Ratio =L/(Dmax + Dmin)

Reynolds Number distinguish the flow of fluid as Laminar or turbulent. So we are targetting Re values
300<Re<Re

Now for Reynold number to be 300<ReNumber

should be 0.2 or 0.198 (from graph) St = 0.198

Now all the parameters are known except Mean diameter

(D). To find mean diameter, we have to do trial and error.

By comparing our value of D with L/D ratio of other such Experiment.

Lets fix length as L=2m total length so from precious research paper and past study

we take L/D=10 Now,

2000/D=10

Dmax=200mm

Now from diffrent Reserch paper we found the taper ratio lies between 14-19

so selecting 16 as a taper ratio r=16 r=L/Dmax-Dmin 16=2000/200-Dmin Dmin=75mm = 80 mm

Approx for smooth taper Natural Frequency

We know that from Theory of torsion of shaft

we have So Wn=√(T / I)
T-torque od rotating member

I- Moment of inertia

now from CAD drwaing software and selecting material as pp polypropylene and Determining

Thier mass Proerties considering wall thickness as 2mm we calculated mass=1.8kg and also found the
position od centre of gravity.

Z= 859.18mm from top mast now natural freq fn= 1/2∏*√{(KL^2-2mgL)/4/I} putting the values in the
formula I=1/3m*L^2 I=2.4 kg-m^2

now as we know strouhal frequency should be close to natural frequency

so we know St=0.2 putting the value in strouhal formula st=fs*D/U fs=3 Hz

This should be equal to natural frequency so by putting fn=3

We get K=834.2 N/m value of spring stifness .

This much force is provided to sutstain the Air thrust.

1.BY PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL:- Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain materials to

generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. The word Piezoelectric is derived
from the Greek piezein, which means to squeeze or press, and piezo, which is Greek for “push”. One
of the unique characteristics of the piezoelectric effect is that it is reversible, meaning that materials
exhibiting the direct piezoelectric effect (the generation of electricity when stress is applied) also exhibit
the converse piezoelectric effect (the generation of stress when an electric field is applied). When
piezoelectric material is placed under mechanical stress, a shifting of the positive and negative charge
centers in the material takes place, which then results in an external electrical field. When reversed, an
outer electrical field either stretches or compresses the piezoelectric material. There are many materials,
both natural and man-made, that exhibit a range of piezoelectric effects. Some naturally piezoelectric
occurring materials include Berlinite (structurally identical to quartz), cane sugar, quartz, Rochelle salt,
topaz, tourmaline, and bone (dry bone exhibits some piezoelectric properties due to the apatite crystals,
and the piezoelectric effect is generally thought to act as a biological force sensor). An example of man-
made piezoelectric materials includes barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate. It fails in our project
because our project is a small prototype so, it is unable to generate that amount of pressure required for
electricity generation from piezoelectric materials. But it is possible with real project with large
dimensions(vortex size>2m).
2. BY LINEAR GENERATOR:- When a magnet moves in relation to an electromagnetic coil, this
changes the magnetic flux passing through the coil, and thus induces the flow of an electric current,
which can be used to do work. A linear alternator is most commonly used to convert back-and-forth
motion directly into electrical energy. This short-cut eliminates the need for a crank or linkage that
would otherwise be required to convert a reciprocating motion to a rotary motion in order to be
compatible with a rotary generator. It fails in our project because our project is a small prototype so, it
is unable to generate that amount of pressure required for electricity generation from piezoelectric
materials. But it is possible with real project with large dimensions(vortex size>2m). 3.BY RACK&
PINION MECHANISM :- Here the reciprocating motion of the vortex turbine is converted into rotary
motion using the rack and pinion arrangement. The speed due to the rotary motion achieved at the
pinion is less. This speed which is sufficient to rotate dynamo. The dynamo which rotates within a static
magnetic stator cuts the magnetic flux surrounding it, thus producing the electric motive force (emf).
This generated emf is then sent to a circuit which is used to the storage battery where it is stored during
the day time. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: Since the current comes from the dc dynamo is fluctuating type
therefore we need this above circuit. In this when current comes to circuit is stored in capacitor then it
get converted into linear current which is either stored in battery or directly use to blow LED bulb. In
our project we use this mechanism but by making its larger model we can use above two mechanism
(i.e.piezoelectricity,linear generator concept)