Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
A Research
Presented to the Faculty of the College of Criminology
Fullbright College
San Jose Puerto Princesa City
PAGE
Title Page i
Table of Contents ii
Introduction
Over the past few years, there has been a proliferation of closed circuit
CCTV cameras in public spaces has been driven by the urgency for crime
prevention. CCTVs have been installed with the aim of deterring offending,
prevention have produced mixed results. Some studies have attested to the
effectiveness of CCTV in fighting crime while others have pointed out to the
This proposal lays out the approach that would be taken to address the
framework, literature review and the methodology used to obtain the data. A
multi-method spatial approach will be used to analyze the data collected. The
the productivity levels of employees. While certain individuals may feel their
on a daily basis.
Cameras can be either situated within the middle of a room or in the corners.
Although their placements affects the images and security angle each camera
can pick up, the sheer presence of cameras can act as a deterrent to any
multitude of cameras which can clearly depict their face and appearance can
for the work ethic and efficiency of employees. As their safety and wellbeing
criminal act, it is vital to integrate adequate protection. In doing so, it can play
One of the most popular and cost effective ways of providing security in the
home and place of work is with cctv cameras and equipment. CCTV cameras
making them think twice at the very least. The technology behind security
equipment these days is incredibly advanced, and it is even possible to hook
at the end of the century The research commissioned by the British Home
subsequently provided two of the early scientific studies on the effects of CCTV
The first Home Office study in August 2002, conducted by Brandon Welsh
significant impact on crime. Welsh and Farrington’s data showed a very small
security personnel confounded the data such that any reduction could be
to a small degree.”
Office and conducted by Martin Gill and Angela Spriggs reached a similar
conclusion to that of Welsh and Farrington. Only one site they studied
study also showed an increase in reported crime in half the sites which the
concluded: “It has been shown that the CCTV schemes produced no overall
Within this meta-analysis however, the authors did find a reduction in vehicle
crimes in half the sites though it was only statistically significant in two such
sitealthough a change in parking regulations reduced the number of cars at
the site and therefore opportunities for vehicle crimes.Additionally, violent
crimes against individuals actually increased in three of four urban sites,
which was similar to crime patterns in the control.Gill and Spriggs cautioned:
“The belief at that CCTV alone can counter complex social problems is
unrealistic in the extreme.”However, they also warned against concluding
CCTV was not effective based on their study.A later report by the British
House of Lords noted public opinion is important as a policy consideration
and warned against concluding that people feel safer merely due to the
presence of cameras
program. Jennifer King of University of California (UC) Berkeley Law and her
(CITRIS) releasing a final report December 17, 2008The study found very little
impact on violent crime and that homicides did decline near the cameras but
increased further away (a displacement effect but not reduction)The study did
The report concluded that at least for property crimes, “the system is clearly
having an effect” but noted that the CSC program’s “lack of deterrent effects
limited the program’s benefit. The camera program was incredibly expensive,
especially given its failure to reduce violent crime. Finally, because the study
was short and featured only one city, its results could be a fluke.
released a report for the California Research Bureau in May 2008 on the
effects of video surveillance cameras in two areas of Los Angeles. The study
crime statistics before and after the camera installation. While violent crime
declined in both areas this trend merely followed the general pattern also
demonstrated in the control areas. The study found no statistically
in three major American cities: Baltimore, Chicago & Washington, D.C. The
authors concluded the findings from Baltimore “create a strong case for the
program. They also noted the great costs of the system.An additional
(Humboldt Park) but not in another (West Garfield Park). In a 2013 article,
criticized the results by asserting the study did not control for the
gentrification which occurred Humboldt Park during the period the study was
conducted nor did it control for other police initiatives. As with Baltimore, the
The Washington component of the study noted crime was on the rise in the
summer of 2006 which prompted the installation of the cameras that fall but
that in the next two summers crime rates matched pre-implementation
levels.The overall crimes rates in the experimental and control areas were
The review assesses the effectiveness of CCTV as a deterrent, rather than its
CCTV was installed in an area and changes in crime rates were compared
with a similar ‘control’ site where CCTV was not installed. The Review then
drew general conclusions from this pool of evaluations about the impact of
Overall, use of CCTV makes for a small, but statistically significant, reduction
(a) the type of crime being addressed and (b) the setting of the CCTV