CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researchers will discuss Research Design, Research Setting, Research
Subjects, Research Ethics, Research Instruments, Validation of Instruments, Data Gathering
Procedure and Statistical Treatment. This chapter covers the methods of the research, the variety
of procedures made, and the entire preparation of the study.

Research Design

In order to create a well-oriented structure that would serve as the plan and basic in
conducting this study, the proponent of this study have chosen quantitative and correlation
research method. Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical,
mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys,
or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques. Quantitative
research focuses on gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to
explain a particular phenomenon. Therefore, most of the questions presented here are close-
ended and limit the respondents’ unique insights. However, it can help better define and measure
the significance of information about a particular group.

Correlational Research is a systematic investigation of the nature of relationships, or

associations between and among variables without necessarily investigating into causal reasons
underlying them. In addition to this, this research used correlational approach to determine
relationships between variables, and if a relationship exists, to determine a regression equation
that could be used make predictions to a population. It allows researchers to determine the
strength and direction of a relationship so that later studies can narrow the findings down and, if
possible, determine causation experimentally. The variables involved in this are called dependent
and independent variable. Independent variable is independently manipulated factor and thus, a
potential cause. On the other hand, the dependent variable is a factor that can change in a study
in response to changes in independent variable. In this study, the dependent variable is scholastic
performance of grade 12 students, while the independent variable is perceived effectiveness of
modern teaching technique, which were both gathered and interpreted through their test
response.
Research Setting

The research was conducted inside the premises of Our Lady of Fatima University,
located at Esperanza St. Hilltop Mansion, Lagro Subdivision, Novaliches, Quezon City. The
geographical characteristic of this place is clean and peaceful, also for the safety of researchers.
The proponent of this study chose this location because it is near and more accessible, thus
convenient for the researchers and because the researchers’ needed respondents to participate in
this particular study, students here would best suited to perform the research procedure because
OLFU system uses technology like canvas and canvas is a digital classroom where the students
can interact with their teachers and classmates, submit work, take quizzes, and track their grades
and performance.

Research Subjects

The researchers used a non-probability sampling technique in this study specifically the
Quota sampling. It is a technique where in the researcher identifies population sections or strata
and decides how many participants are required from each section. The respondents of this study
are grade 12 student ages ranging between 17-19 years old, 50 male and 50 female grade 12
students divided into 25 STEM, 25 HUMMS, 25 ABM, and 25 GAS in a total of 100
respondents. The subjects who were willing to cooperate were included in this study through
answering the test that were administered to them. The subjects were chosen according to the
criteria imposed by the researchers such as their age, sex and strand.

Research Ethics

Information will stay confidential and secret. The Guidelines in conducting was guided
by legal and ethical principle that centers the welfare of all participants in the approved research
study. The permission to the pursuance of the study is hereby sought out for prevention of
encountering an obstacles during the entire process. The researchers are obligated to follow
research ethics in order to construct and ethical research study.
 An informed consent is required to be given to the respondents in this study indicating
the agreement that should clarify the obligations and responsibilities of all involve in the process.
Furtherance to this, the informed consent, contains the purpose of the study, procedure, risk and
benefits and the voluntarily nature of research. The respondent is always free to decline in
participating in the research study. The researchers assure that there would be anonymity
between the participants, any personal information about the respondent are to be treated with
utmost confidential and optional. All the information entrusted to the researchers is strictly
observed and was only used for the study purpose only.

Also, the proponent of this study does not plagiarize any content of the researcher study.
The questions was designed to allow the participants to answer without hesitation and without
giving them stress. Consent was secured from the participants who would gladly join the study
and they were informed about the mechanics of this study.

Research Instruments

In this study, Survey Administered Questionnaire was conducted, which is consisted of

close-ended questions. Where it allows the participant to answer subjectively in related to the
study. The instruments used were adapted and self-made and it consists with a total of 30 items.

Validation of Instruments

To ensure the validity of research questions, the researchers secured the questions
that can be asked in this study and it is formally approved by our beautiful and gorgeous
instructor Daniela Samaniego.

Data Gathering Procedure

The study was conducted inside the premises of the Our Lady of Fatima University,
Quezon City. Data were collected through 100 participants, served as the subjects who answered
the test which are related to the aim of the study. The researchers conducted a survey
administered questionnaire about the participant profile. Since the selected respondents based on
the criteria and respondents agreed to take a part on this study, they have been included in this
study.
 After that, validation of instruments was to be used. The next step, the proponent of the
study informs student who participated in the study about the mechanics of the administered
survey questionnaire. Once it was approved, the researchers will serve the questionnaire to the
respondents consisting of 30 items. There was no time limit in answering the survey
questionnaire and guides the respondents and handle them about their concern in the study.
After that, their answers were scored and interpreted in a data. Deep analysis of results was done
by the researchers that include the relationship between the effectiveness of modern teaching
technique and scholastic performance of grade 12 students. This was done through the statistical
treatment that was applied in this study. From these, suggestion and recommendation were
formulated by researchers that correspond to the problems presented in this study.

Statistical Treatment

 Percentage formula:
𝒇
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 (𝑷) = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝒏

Where: f = Frequency
n = Sample size

 Mean formula:
∑𝐗
̅) =
𝐌𝐞𝐚𝐧 (𝐗
𝐧

Where: 𝑋̅ = Sample mean (read as “X bar”)

X = The value of any particular observations
∑ 𝑋 = Sum of all Xs
n = Total number of values in the sample
Pearson’s r:

𝑵 ∑ 𝑿𝒀 − (∑ 𝑿)(∑ 𝒀)
𝒓=
√[𝑵(∑ 𝑿𝟐 ) − (∑ 𝑿)𝟐 ][𝑵(∑ 𝒀𝟐 ) − (∑ 𝒀)𝟐 ]

Where: r = Pearson r,
X and Y = Paired raw scores, and
N = Number of pairs of X and Y scores

𝒓√𝑵 − 𝟐
𝒕=
√𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐

Where: t = T-test for correlation coefficient

r = Correlation coefficient
N = Number of paired samples