RUFAIDA COLLEGE OF NURSING

JAMIA HAMDARD UNIVERSITY

LESSON PLAN

ON

ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES

Submitted to - Submitted By -
IDENTIFICATION

Name : Ms Mansi Dabola

Class : M.Sc. Nursing 1st year

Subject : Advance nursing practice

unit :

Topic : Alternative and Complementary Therapies

Group :

Size of group :

Venue : M.Sc Nursing 1 st year

Duration : 50-60 min

Method of teaching : Lecture Cum Discussion

A.V Aids : Handouts, ppt, transparency, flash card

Date & time

Previous knowledge
GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

STUDENTS POINTS OF VIEW

By the end of the class student will be able to acquire knowledge regarding alternative and complementary therapies.

STUDENT TEACHER POINT OF VIEW

At the end of the class student teacher will be able to:
 Have in depth knowledge about the topic.
 Attain confidence in teaching.
 Develop teaching skills.
 Gain skills in preparing the A.V Aids.
 Make effective uses of resources like library and internet

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
At the end of the class student teacher will able:
 To define alternative and complementary therapies?
 To define the philosophies of alternative and complementary therapies?
 To define the prevalence of alternative and complementary therapies?
 To enlist the types of alternative and complementary therapies.
 To describe the types of alternative and complementary therapies?
 To enlist the latest and advancement of the alternative and complementary therapy
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½min INTRODUCTION
Allopathic medicine (or
biomedical) has been
dominator about 100 years.
Allopathic medical care is
particularly effective when
aggressive treatment is
needed in emergency or
acute situations. Allopathic
medical care has not been
very effective in dealing
with chronic illness.
Increasingly, CAT is being
used as an “answer” to the
problem of chronic illness.
Many Alternative and
complementary therapy are
based on a theory and
philosophy of holism upon
which holistic nursing also
is based. Many practitioners
and consumers of healthcare
½ min After the class the choose to combine
student will able to: allopathic modalities and
alternative and
complementary therapy
using integrative approach.
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Define the
5 min Philosophies of ANNOUNCEMENT OF
alternative and Holism THE TOPIC
complementary  A holistic philosophy underlies many Good morning to all today
What are the
therapies. alternative and complementary therapies. we are going to discuss Philosophies of
 A change in any part of organism will be about the alternative and alternative and
reflected in other parts. complementary therapies. complementary
 Holistic nursing is nursing practice built on a therapies?
holistic philosophy. Student teacher will
 Holistic nurses frequently add alternative and
able to define the
complementary therapies to their practice. Philosophies of
alternative and
A. Integrative Care complementary
 Uses some combination of allopathic therapies with the help
medicine and alternative and complementary of ppt.
therapies.

B. Complementary alternative therapies

and nursing
 CAT consists of a large variety of therapies
that are based on a set of beliefs different
from those of allopathic medicine.
 Some of these modalities have developed
fairly recently.
 While others have been used for thousands of
years as components of ancient healing
system (Ayurveda or traditional Chinese
medicine).
 Some therapies can be used effectively
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Without assistance (e.g., Nutritional

approach) while others (e.g., naturopathy) are
more effective when used with guidance
from practitioners who have particular
knowledge and expertise.
 Nurses need to have knowledge of this area
for at least two reasons.
 Many patients use these types of therapies as
outpatients and want to continue their use as
much as possible when they become
inpatients.
 It is not common for individuals to retain
ethnic healthcare practices although they
reside in the united states.
 Many people also use CAT for stress
management.
 Stress reduction techniques such as relaxation
with focused breathing, meditation, imagery,
biofeedback, and massage are used in all
stages of health and illness to promote
healing and manage symptoms.
 Because stress can contribute to illness, CAT
can sometimes be effective in reducing
symptoms and enhancing quality of life, and
nurses can assist clients with these therapies.
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PREVALENCE OF ALTERNATIVE AND

To define the COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES Define the
2 min prevalence of  The 2002 survey found that 36% of adults Student teacher will prevalence of
alternative and used some type of CAT in the 12 months able to define the alternative and
complementary before the survey. prevalence of complementary
therapies  When megavitamin therapy and prayer alternative and therapies?
specifically for health reason were included complementary
in the definition of CAT that number rose to therapies by using ppt.
62%.
 More in women than men.
 People with higher educational levels.
 People who have been hospitalized in their
past.
 Former smokers compared with current
smokers or those who have never smoked.

Categories Alternative and complementary

therapies
Student teacher will Enlist the categories
 WHOLE MEDICAL SYSTEMS.
able to enlist the of alternative and
 MIND BODY THERAPIES
Enlist the categories categories of complementary
 ENERGY MEDICINE
1min of alternative and alternative and therapies?
complementary  BIOLOGICAL BASED PRACTICES complementary
therapies.  MANIPULATIVE AND BODY BASED therapies by using
PRACTICES. white board.
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WHOLE MEDICAL SYSTEM Student teacher will

2 min To define the  A whole medical system (or alternative able to define the What do you
Whole medical system medical system) consists of a philosophy and whole medical system understand by the
theory about health and illness along with by using ppt. whole medical
specific type of treatment system?
 These systems have developed independently
from allopathic medicine and are generally
culturally based systems.

Examples of whole medical systems

 Ayurveda
 Yoga Student teacher enlist Enlist the
To enlist and  Traditional Chinese medicine and explain the examples of
10min explain the  Acupuncture examples of whole whole medical
examples of medical system by system?
 Shamanism (which includes native traditions)
whole medical using flash cards and
 Homeopathy
system. ppt.
 Naturopathy
 Chiropractic medicine

Ayurveda
 It is a science of life that delineates the diet,
medicine and behaviours that are beneficial
or harmful for life.
 Ayurveda considers that balance among
people, the environment, and the larger
cosmos is integral to human health.
 Central to Ayurvedic medicine understands
the patient’s basic constitution, or DOSHA.
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 Many treatment modalities are specific for

each dosha and may include nutrition,
exercise, herbs, breathing, meditation,
massage, aromatherapy, purification.
Yoga
 Yoga has been practiced for thousand years
in India.
 Where it is a way of life that includes ethical
Models for behaviour or mental and physical
exercise, aimed at producing spiritual
enlighten.
Nursing Considerations
 Some may have special dietary pattern (e.g.,
Vegetarian) needs, some may need time set
aside for self care such as meditation, and
some may desire to continue taking an
herbal/supplement.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
 TCM is healing system is thousands of years
old.
 A principle of TCM is that interaction of
people with their environment is most
significant in creating health.
 The concept most central to TCM is or chi
(pronounced), which is translated as energy.
 QI represent an invisible flow of energy that
circulates through plants, animals and people
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as well as the earth and sky.

Yin and Yang
 QI is further viewed as either yin or yang
energy.
 Opposites and complementary.
 Health is present when they are in balance in
a person and his or her total environment.
 An imbalance of yin and yang is considered
to be the cause of illness.
Acupuncture
 Acupuncture is used for a variety of reason,
Including reducing pain, promoting adherence
to substance abuse programs, and minimizing nausea
and vomiting due to chemotherapy and pregnancy.
 Licensed acupuncturists have graduated from
an accredited acupuncture school after
significant college-level coursework and
passed a licensure examination.
Shamanism
 In shamanism, illness and other forms of
distress are thought to originate in the spirit
world. The shaman or medicine man/woman
possesses ability to access the spirit world,
which is done in the behalf of individuals or
the community and return to ordinary reality
with the information on the proper treatment.
Some native American beliefs
 Healing takes time, and time contributes to
healing.
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 The distraction of modern life interferes with
potential healing agents.
 Modern culture encourages us to maintain a low
level of emotional awareness.
 Ceremony is important to receive guidance and
assistance from the spiritual dimension.
Homeopathy
 Homeopathy is based on the belief of
supporting the body while the symptoms are
allowed to run their course.
 Homeopathy is based on the belief of
supporting the body while the symptoms are
allowed to “run their course.”
 Homeopaths believe that this process
stimulates and strengthens the immune
system and promotes healing.
 Homeopathic practice is based on two
fundamental laws.
 The Laws of Similar states that a natural
substance that produces a given symptom in a
healthy person will cure it in a sick person.
 The Laws of Infinitesimals states that the
smallest dose possible will have the desired
effect.
Naturopathy
 Is not only a system of medicine but also a
way of life
 Emphasis on client responsibility, client
education, health maintenance, and disease
prevention.
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 It may be the model health lifestyles, healthy

diets, and preventive health care”.
 Naturopaths believe that health is a dynamic
state of being that provides abundant energy
for people to deal with life in our complex
society.
 Much of illness can be attributed, at least in
part, to ignoring “natural laws”, such as
engaging in a sedentary lifestyle without
adequate time for exercise, exposing oneself

to environmental toxins , eating processed,

overcooked foods, engaging in negativity or
harbouring negative thoughts, and not getting
adequate rest relaxation.
 Therapies strive to support the self-healing
mechanism of the body.
 Naturopaths employ an eclectic group of
modalities, including acupuncture, clinical
nutrition, herbal medicine, hydrotherapy
(therapeutic use of water), manipulation), and
TCM.
Chiropractic medicine
 Investigates the relationship between the
structure (the spine) and function (mainly the
nervous system) of the human body to restore
and preserve health.
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 The underlying principle is that the functions

of the body are controlled by the nervous
system, mainly 31 pairs of spinal nerves that
feed all organs of the body after branching
off the spinal column.
 The nervous system problem is sometimes
caused by a subluxation. By adjusting the
spine, the joint is brought into proper
alignment and the pressure on the nerve is
released.

MIND-BODY THERAPIES
The ultimate goal is to increase the parasympathetic
To define the system influence in mind-body and thus reduce the Student teacher define What do you
2min mind-body effect of stress and stress-related illness on the body. the mind body understand by
therapy Several relaxation techniques, including autogenic therapies by using ppt. the mind-body
training, biofeedback, body scanning, hypnosis, therapies?
meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation.

Relaxation Techniques
 Guided imagery
 Humour therapy Student teacher enlist
 Aroma therapy and explain the
5-7min To enlist and  Autogenic training relaxation technique by
explain the types using transparency and What are the
 Biofeedback relaxation
of relaxation ppt.
 Hypnosis technique?
techniques.
 Meditation
 Progressive muscle relaxation
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Guided imagery
 Imagery involves using all five sense to
imagine an event or body process unfolding
according to a plan.
 When all senses are involved in the
experience, the imaginary situation is more
fully encoded in the body and more likely to
take plan.
 When all senses are involved in the
experience, the imaginary situation is more
fully encoded in the body and more likely to
take place.
 A relaxation technique is frequently used to
prepare the mind and body before beginning
an imagery session.
Humour therapy
 After watching 10mintue of Mr bean
(comedian) tapes and “belly-laughing.”
 Sedimentation rate (a measure of
inflammation in the body) decreased by at
least five points permanently
 More recent research found that improved
immune response was correlated with
experiences of “mirthful laughter.”
Aromatherapy
 Use of essentials oils of plants to treat
symptoms
 Commonly used essential oils in a health care
setting are ginger or peppermint for nausea
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and lavender or chamomile for insomnia.

Nursing considerations
 Nurses can work with patients using
“outcome imagery,” which might consist of
using a picture or photograph to visualize the
desired outcome in body part or in a
situation.
 During a painful or stressful event, such as an
intravenous line being started, the patient can
“go to favourite place” and imagine being
there with all the pleasant experiences related
to that space.

ENERGY MEDICINE
 All organisms are dependent on a subtle vital
force that creates order in the system
3min Define the energy  This life force feeds and nourishes the explain the
medicine and its organism and is carried via two energetic Student teacher explain energy
types. structures that interact with each other. the energy medicine medicine and its
Chakras and the etheric body. and types by using ppt. types?
 Chakras are concentrated areas of energy
aligned vertically in the body that relate to
each other as well as to specific areas of the
body, mind, and spirit.
 The etheric body consists of at least seven
layers of energy that surround the body and
relate to the chakras.
 Energy therapies used for healing are based
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on the belief that they can affect this primary

life force and thus contribute to physiologic
healing.
Energy therapies
 Therapeutic Touch
 Healing Touch
 Sound Touch

BIOLOGICALLY BASED PRACTICES

 Botanical agents (herbs) and nutritional
supplements are chemical compounds that Student teacher explain Define the
3min To define the are ingested with the hope of achieving a the biologically based biologically
biologically therapeutic goal. practices by using ppt. based practices?
based practices.  They are becoming increasingly popular with
consumers, who can buy many of these
preparations over the counter or from
company distributors.
 Some consumers and practitioners are
attached to herbs because they are “natural”
plant products, which are perceived as more
compatible with the body than manufactured
pharmaceutical agents.
Nursing considerations
 Some herbs and/or supplements may interact
with prescribed medications patients are
taking.
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MANIPULATIVE AND BODY-BASED Student teacher define

PRACTICES the manipulative and
Define the
2min To define the  This group of therapies includes therapeutic body- based practices
manipulative
manipulative and massage as well as variety of techniques such by using ppt.
and body-based
body-based as Rolfing, shiatsu, Feldenkrais, Alexander,
practices?
practices. myofascial release, and others.
 The goal is to break up tension held in body
structures, promote communication between
mind-body structures, promote
detoxification, and generally improve body
functioning.
LATEST ADVANCMENTS IN ALTERNATIVE
THERAPIES
 Ozone therapy Student teacher enlist Enlist the latest
Enlist the latest  Art therapy the latest advancements advancement
3min advancement  Play Therapy in alternative therapies alternative
alternative  Drum therapy by using transparency. therapies?
therapies.
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SUMMARY
At the end of the class
group will be able to
define the alternative
and complementary
therapy, philosophies,
categories, content, sub
types and points to be
remember.

CONCLUSION
In addition to getting
mainstream medical care,
many people use
complementary and
alternative therapy to
improve their overall
health or to help with
specific health problems.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
 Shebeer .P. Basheer .S Yaseen” A concise
text book of advanced nursing practice,” 1st
edition 2012 published by Emmess Medical
publishers Pg. No-661-675
 Nightingale F (1860) Notes on nursing new
york poves 1969
WEBSITES
 http//www.Alternative and complementary
therapies.com